A kind of method of preparing ethylene with acetylene selective catalytic hydrogenation
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for preparing ethylene with acetylene selective catalytic hydrogenation, with molybdenum phosphide catalyst, also above-mentioned catalyst is used for the method that selective catalytic hydrogenation is removed a small amount of acetylene of ethene.
Background technology
The process of industrial preparation ethene relates generally to hydrocarbon cracking ethene processed and preparing ethylene with acetylene selective catalytic hydrogenation, still contains the acetylene of trace in the ethylene gas that these processes make.The existence of trace acetylene can make that ethylene rolymerization catalyst is poisoning and inactivation makes the polymer performance variation that finally makes, therefore must be wherein before ethylene raw material gas carries out polymerisation micro-acetylene remove.From present result of study, by selective catalytic hydrogenation, acetylene optionally being hydroconverted into ethene is the most feasible and valuable method.Yet the acetylene hydrogenation reaction belongs to cascade reaction (C
2H
2→ C
2H
4→ C
2H
6), the ethene that generates in hydrogenation process very easily further hydrogenation generates ethane, thereby cause ethylene selectivity can be along with the increase of conversion of alkyne sharply to reduce, remove the Pd catalyst of ability also so (US 20090326288 even have high trace acetylene; US 20040074220; CN 1317367; CN 1657513; CN 1151908; A.Sarkany, A.Beck, L.Guczi.Appl.Catal.A, 2003,253:283; W.Huang, J.R.McCormick, J.G.Chen.J.Catal., 2007,246:40).In at present numerous research, mainly still concentrate on the research to the Pd catalyst system, and Ag, Co, Cu, Cr, alkali metal, metal oxide and lead acetate are the known auxiliary agent that can improve performance of Pd catalyst (US 7247760B2; W.Huang, W.Pyrz, J.G.Chen.Appl.Catal.A, 2007,333:254; J.H.Kang, E.W.Shin, S.H.Moon.Catal.Today, 2000,63:183; Y.Jin, A.K.Datye, J.Blackson, J.Catal., 2001,203:2001).From present achievement in research, high catalyst cost is to limit one of further key factor of using of this technology, and is still rare to the research of non-precious metal catalyst.Therefore, the selective and activity that how to reduce the catalyst cost, improves catalyst is the emphasis of this research always, develop a kind of inexpensive, catalyst that have high activity and high selectivity is also imperative.For this reason, both at home and abroad the research worker is still trying to explore selective catalytic hydrogenation and is removing the new catalyst system of Trace Acetylene in Ethylene.
Transition metal phosphide is another catalyst material with good Hydrogenation after nitride and carbide, has good hydrogen-involved reaction performance in catalytic hydrogenation reaction, obtained result (D.C.Phillips preferably in recent years in the research of the hydrodenitrogeneration of fuel oil and desulfurization, S.J.Sawhill, R.Self, M.E.Bussell.J.Catal., 2002,207:266; F.Sun, Z.Jiang, C.Li.J.Catal., 2004,228:298).This seminar has carried out the research that is used for acetonitrile gas phase hydrogenation ethylamine compounds processed take the phosphatization molybdenum as catalyst first, and has obtained a series of significant achievements.The application that molybdenum phosphide catalyst is used for other hydrogenation reaction system seldom, therefore further deeply develop the application as novel hydrogenation catalyst phosphatization molybdenum, no matter this is to the development of molybdenum phosphide catalyst or the exploitation of hydrogenation catalyst reaction, all have important academic significance and using value, the phosphatization molybdenum be yet there are no report for the research that the acetylene selective catalytic hydrogenation prepares ethene.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of molybdenum phosphide catalyst that uses to prepare the method for ethene at the acetylene selective catalytic hydrogenation; Method for preparing catalyst is simple, the catalyst cost is low, acetylene hydrogenation is active high, still keeps higher ethylene selectivity in high conversion of alkyne situation.
For achieving the above object, technical solution of the present invention realizes by following steps:
A kind of method of preparing ethylene with acetylene selective catalytic hydrogenation is take the phosphatization molybdenum as catalyst.
Molybdenum phosphorus mol ratio 0.9-1.1 in described phosphatization molybdenum.
Reaction pressure is normal pressure, and reaction temperature is 200~240 ℃, H
2/ C
2H
2Mol ratio=4~8, air speed are 33,000~38,000h
-1
Described molybdenum phosphide catalyst is pure phase phosphatization molybdenum or with SiO
2Support type phosphatization molybdenum for carrier.
Described SiO
2In the support type molybdenum phosphide catalyst, the weight percentage of phosphatization molybdenum is 20~35wt%.
Pure phase MoP prepares by the high-temperature hydrogen temperature programmed reduction, and support type phosphatization molybdenum is that active component Mo, P raw material are loaded on SiO by wet infusion process
2On carrier, then make by the high-temperature hydrogen temperature programmed reduction.
In technique scheme, in the precursor of pure phase MoP, the molar ratio example of molybdenum, phosphorus is 0.90~1.10.Be 200~240 ℃, H in normal pressure, reaction temperature
2/ C
2H
2=4~8 o'clock, in the situation that conversion of alkyne reaches 99.5%, selectively still the keeping more than 76% of ethene.
The molybdenum of support type MoP catalyst, phosphorus ingredient proportion are that 1, MoP load capacity is 20~35wt%.Be 200~240 ℃, H in normal pressure, reaction temperature
2/ C
2H
2=4~8 o'clock, in the situation that conversion of alkyne reaches 99.8% ethylene selectivity that still can keep more than 70%.
Catalyst composition of the present invention raw material used is: molybdenum element is selected from ammonium molybdate or molybdenum trioxide.P elements is selected from ammonium phosphate salt.
The preparation method of catalyst involved in the present invention is: mix after at first the molybdate compound of certain mol proportion and ammonium phosphate salt being dissolved in distilled water, with the liquid evaporate to dryness, 120 ℃ of dryings 10~24 hours were in 450~650 ℃ of roastings 2~8 hours.Then, the phosphatization molybdenum presoma after roasting is carried out the multi-stage procedure heating reduction under nitrogen atmosphere.Reducing condition is: rises to 250~400 ℃ take heating rate as 2~10 ℃/min from room temperature, take heating rate as 0.5~2 ℃/min, rises to 550~900 ℃ from 250~400 ℃, and outlet temperature insulation 2~4 hours.After reaction finished, under room temperature, the passivating gas take oxygen concentration as 0.5~1.5% carried out passivation to product, obtains pure phase MoP catalyst.
The preparation process of support type phosphatization molybdenum and pure phase phosphatization molybdenum is similar, and different is, is after 1 molybdate compound and ammonium phosphate salt dissolving mix, to be immersed in SiO with mol ratio
2On carrier.
Compare with known technology, the present invention has the following advantages:
This method is used for preparing ethylene with acetylene selective catalytic hydrogenation with base metal MoP catalyst, at high reaction velocity (36,000h
-1) time, for MoP and MoP/SiO
2Catalyst acetylene hydrogenation conversion ratio and hydrogenation products ethylene selectivity can reach respectively more than 99% and 70%.With traditional noble metal catalyst relatively (as palladium catalyst), molybdenum phosphide catalyst has preparation method simple, cheap and catalytic hydrogenation activity and selective advantages of higher.
For pure phase phosphatization molybdenum, at high reaction velocity (36,000h
-1), in wide range of reaction temperature (200~240 ℃), shown good acetylene catalytic hydrogenation activity, still can keep high ethylene selectivity under high conversion ratio.For with SiO
2Be the support type molybdenum phosphide catalyst of carrier, have the selective of higher acetylene catalytic hydrogenation activity and product ethene, can be at lower H
2/ C
2H
2Obtain high catalytic hydrogenation activity and selective under mol ratio.With traditional noble metal catalyst relatively (as palladium catalyst), molybdenum phosphide catalyst has preparation method simple, cheap and catalytic hydrogenation activity and selective advantages of higher.
Under described operating condition, use described catalyst can obtain higher than 99.5% conversion of alkyne with higher than 70% ethylene selectivity.
The specific embodiment
The present invention carries out selective catalytic hydrogenation with above-mentioned catalyst, and key step is: with a certain amount of MoP or MoP/SiO
2Catalyst is packed in fixed bed reactors, in the High Purity Hydrogen air-flow of 100mL/min under 600 ℃ with catalyst pretreatment 1h; After pretreatment finishes, naturally cool to the reaction temperature of setting, according to certain H
2/ C
2H
2Than passing into reactor feed gas.At normal pressure, 200~240 ℃, H
2/ C
2H
2=4~8, air speed is 33,000~38,000h
-1Lower investigation acetylene Catalytic Hydrogenation Properties.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, enumerate following examples, but it does not limit the defined invention scope of each accessory claim.
Embodiment 1
Take molybdenum phosphorus mol ratio as the 1 pure phase phosphatization molybdenum that makes as catalyst, the acetylene hydrogenation reaction is carried out in micro fixed-bed reactor.Unstripped gas forms: the Ar gaseous mixture of the acetylene of 1.0vol% and 99.0vol%, reaction condition is: 0.10g catalyst, 200 ℃ of temperature, normal pressure, H
2/ C
2H
2=8, feed gas flow rates 60mL/min, air speed 36,000h
-1Product analysis adopts Agilent gas-chromatography, hydrogen flame detector.
Embodiment 2
With embodiment 1, the pure phase phosphatization molybdenum take molybdenum phosphorus mol ratio as 0.9 is as catalyst, and reaction result is listed in table 1.
Embodiment 3
With embodiment 1, the pure phase phosphatization molybdenum take molybdenum phosphorus mol ratio as 0.95 is as catalyst, and reaction result is listed in table 1.
Embodiment 4
With embodiment 1, the pure phase phosphatization molybdenum take molybdenum phosphorus mol ratio as 1.05 is as catalyst, and reaction result is listed in table 1.
Embodiment 5
With embodiment 1, the pure phase phosphatization molybdenum take molybdenum phosphorus mol ratio as 1.10 is as catalyst, and reaction result is listed in table 1.
Embodiment 6
With embodiment 1, be to investigate the acetylene hydrogenation activity under 200 ℃ in reaction temperature, reaction result is listed in table 1.
Embodiment 7
With embodiment 1, be to investigate the acetylene hydrogenation activity under 220 ℃ in reaction temperature, reaction result is listed in table 1.
Embodiment 8
With embodiment 1, be to investigate the acetylene hydrogenation activity under 240 ℃ in reaction temperature, reaction result is listed in table 1.
Embodiment 9
With embodiment 7, at H
2/ C
2H
2Investigate acetylene hydrogenation=8 times active, reaction result is listed in table 1.
Embodiment 10
With embodiment 7, at H
2/ C
2H
2Investigate acetylene hydrogenation=6 times active, reaction result is listed in table 1.
Embodiment 11
With embodiment 7, at H
2/ C
2H
2Investigate acetylene hydrogenation=4 times active, reaction result is listed in table 1.
Embodiment 12
With embodiment 1, with mesopore SiO
2For carrier, make that molybdenum phosphorus mol ratio is 1, MoP mass loading amount is that 15% support type phosphatization molybdenum is catalyst, at 220 ℃ of reaction temperatures, H
2/ C
2H
2=6, lower investigation acetylene hydrogenation is active, and reaction result is listed in table 1.
Embodiment 13
With embodiment 12, the acetylene hydrogenation of investigating MoP mass loading amount and be 20% MoP catalyst is active, and reaction result is listed in table 1.
Embodiment 14
With embodiment 12, the acetylene hydrogenation of investigating MoP mass loading amount and be 25% MoP catalyst is active, and reaction result is listed in table 1.
Embodiment 15
With embodiment 12, the acetylene hydrogenation of investigating MoP mass loading amount and be 30% MoP catalyst is active, and reaction result is listed in table 1.
Embodiment 16
With embodiment 12, the acetylene hydrogenation of investigating MoP mass loading amount and be 35% MoP catalyst is active, and reaction result is listed in table 1.
Embodiment 17
With embodiment 14, investigate acetylene hydrogenation active under 200 ℃ of reaction temperatures, reaction result is listed in table 1.
Embodiment 18
With embodiment 14, reaction result is listed in table 1.
Embodiment 19
With embodiment 14, investigate acetylene hydrogenation active under 240 ℃ of reaction temperatures, reaction result is listed in table 1.
Embodiment 20
With embodiment 14, at H
2/ C
2H
2Investigate acetylene hydrogenation=8 times active, reaction result is listed in table 1.
Embodiment 21
With embodiment 14, reaction result is listed in table 1.
Embodiment 22
With embodiment 14, at H
2/ C
2H
2Investigate acetylene hydrogenation=4 times active, reaction result is listed in table 1.
Table 1
As can be seen from Table 1, pure phase MoP catalyst is at high reaction velocity (33,000~38,000h
-1), in wide range of reaction temperature (200-240 ℃) have high acetylene catalytic hydrogenation activity and selective, still can keep surpassing 76% hydrogenation selectivity when conversion of alkyne reaches 99.5%.Support type MoP/SiO
2Catalyst can keep high acetylene catalytic hydrogenation activity and selective equally in high reaction velocity and wide range of reaction temperature; Simultaneously, has higher low temperature acetylene hydrogenation activity and selectivity, at low H
2/ C
2H
2Has higher acetylene catalytic hydrogenation conversion ratio and selective during mol ratio.