CN102242290B - Copper-glaze-graphite collector shoe material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Copper-glaze-graphite collector shoe material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN102242290B
CN102242290B CN 201110179187 CN201110179187A CN102242290B CN 102242290 B CN102242290 B CN 102242290B CN 201110179187 CN201110179187 CN 201110179187 CN 201110179187 A CN201110179187 A CN 201110179187A CN 102242290 B CN102242290 B CN 102242290B
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glaze
copper
graphite
collector shoe
powder
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CN102242290A (en
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卜格非
何国求
付沛
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Tongji University
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Shanghai Maglev Transportation Engineering Technology Research Center
Shanghai Maglev Transportation Development Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a copper-glaze-graphite collector shoe material and a preparation method and application thereof. The material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 90 to 94 percent of copper, 2 to 4 percent of glaze and 2 to 6 percent of graphite, wherein the glaze is white glaze. In the preparation method of the copper-glaze-graphite collector shoe material, the production process is convenient, organized flow line production can be performed, and the composite material prepared by the method well overcomes the obvious defects that the conventional collector shoe material has low wear resistance and high wear loss, is needed to be frequently replaced, and the like; meanwhile, the service life of the material is prolonged to a great extent, so natural copper resources are saved to a great extent, and the material accords with the sustainable development concept nowadays; and various properties of the copper-glaze powder metallurgy collector shoe material prepared by the method achieves the research purpose through detection.

Description

A kind of copper glaze graphite collector shoe material and its production and use
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of novel collector shoe material, be specifically related to a kind of copper glaze graphite collector shoe material and preparation technology thereof, be mainly used in magnetic floating traffic and high-speed railway field.
Background technology
Magnetic floating traffic is a kind of novel rail traffic system, owing to rely on electromagnetic force to realize the technical characterstic of contactless operation, being considered to that the world today is unique can be safely and reliably with 400~500km*h -1The ground large vol passenger vehicles of speed operation, and energy consumption is low, environmental influence is little, has the superiority of not replacing.The development of magnetic-levitation train is to its key part-pantagraph current collector collector shoe slide block, higher performance requriements has been proposed, require low resistance, self-lubricating (wear-resisting), Nai Gaore, shock-resistant, and change frequent at it, the characteristics that rate of utilization is high, this material must have simple machining process and cheaper cost simultaneously, so copper based powder metallurgy material will be suitable selection.
The copper based powder metallurgy material that is specifically designed to magnetic-levitation train pantagraph current collector collector shoe slide block is not at present seen relevant report, relevant copper based powder metallurgy material mainly contains High-speed Wheel train copper-base powder metallurgy porous friction material and copper-base pantograph slide plate material, but goes up the performance requriements that material all can not satisfy magnetic-levitation train pantagraph current collector collector shoe slide block.
On June 8th, 1998, the holt bravery has been applied for JP11-75301 " pantograph pan structure design " patent, and the structure of soaking copper products behind the carbon element sintering has been carried out rational design, adopts the structure design of copper-clad armour slide plate bottom surface.Obviously, carbon element soaks copper product and presents fragility, is difficult to machining, and is though self wear resisting property is good, big to abrasion of contact wire.
On April 7th, 1998, Le Carbone Lorraine at U. S. application the pantograph design that has oiling system used of US569223 French TGV High-speed Train.This patent has been described and how to be utilized the oil pipe of design to be lubricated in the pantograph head, and the friction problem that reduces because of giving prominence to increases the running maintenance workload.But this lubricating system is bigger to the influence of environment, and lubricated greasy dirt can have influence on and be subjected to electric effect, influences train speed raising.
On August 19th, 2002, people such as the grand will of earth house representative " railway comprehensive technology research institute " and " Japan's carbon element " application JP2004-78097 " the wear-resistant type carbon element meets sliding material " patent, the sliding material that this patent is described is the carbon-carbon/carbon-copper composite material that adopts powder metallurgy production method to make, and has heat-conduction coefficient 20W/mK and thermal expansivity 8 * 10 -6The physical property of/K.The invention of this sliding material is for the electric current that is subjected to that adapts to Japanese the Shinkansen High-speed Wheel train increases (requiring to improve the speed of a motor vehicle), and the resistance toheat of sliding material is required also correspondingly to improve and the research carried out.
November 25 in 1999, people such as doctor He Dahai have applied for that PCT/AU99/01115 " low resistivity material and the manufacture method with improvement wear resisting property that are used to transmit electricity " has proposed CGCM(Copper Graphite Composite Materials) invention, relate to a kind of copper-base graphite matrix material, be applicable to High-speed Wheel train Material for Pantograph Slide.Though this invention also has copper and graphite is compound, adopt powder metallurgical production technique, low resistance, self-lubricating, wear-resisting, function such as the electrical spark resistivity is strong, but because copper base crystal grain is too thick, material hardness can't improve, thereby have influence on the raising of self wear resisting property of CGCM, can't satisfy the pantagraph current collector operating mode of magnetic-levitation train.
A patent copper-base graphite collector shoe material of the common exploitation of Tongji University and Shanghai Cifu traffic Development Co., Ltd, thinking with doctor He Dahai is guidance, and the every performance of the material of production is all very excellent, but because the copper base is softer, the wear resisting property deficiency need make improvements.
The collector shoe that uses on magnetic-levitation train and high-speed railway train has excellent conducting performance and frictional behaviour, yet because material factor, the attrition value of self is higher, causes the work-ing life of material not long, needs often to replace, and resource is produced waste.The damage of material also is the induced factor of accident simultaneously, must be paid much attention to.Existing copper-base graphite collector shoe material is because the defective of wear resisting property can not satisfy the production service requirements fully.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention provides a kind of collector shoe material that can be used for the magnetic-levitation train pantagraph current collector, and this material has excellent conducting performance and frictional behaviour, and wear resisting property is good, can satisfy the requirement of the collector shoe that uses on magnetic-levitation train and the high-speed railway train fully.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a kind of novel powder metallurgical material, promptly be matrix with copper, and glaze is main substance, and the collector shoe material of highly abrasion-resistant, this material comprise the material of the following meter of percentage ratio by weight:
Copper 90 ~ 94%;
Glaze 2 ~ 4%;
Graphite 2 ~ 6%;
Described glaze is a white glaze.
Above-mentioned copper glaze graphite collector shoe material, wherein, this material comprises the material of the following meter of percentage ratio by weight:
Copper 94%;
Glaze 2%;
Graphite 4%.
The present invention also provides a kind of above-mentioned copper glaze graphite collector shoe preparation methods, and this method comprises following concrete steps:
Step 1, batch mixing: copper powder and white glaze powder and powdered graphite are put into the metal-powder mixer, and rotating speed is 34r/min, changes the sense of rotation of mixer every 15min, allows the material thorough mixing;
Step 2, first pressing: adopt 300MPa pressure to carry out first pressing, pressurize 5~10 minutes;
Step 3, sintering: adopt ladder-elevating temperature mode 0~40min, 200 ℃; 40~80min, 400 ℃; 80~170min, 700 ℃; 170~330min, 920 ℃, the sintering protective atmosphere is a hydrogen, 920 degree are incubated 3 hours down;
Step 4, cooling: in process of cooling, adopt atmosphere protection in hydrogen and the nitrogen holding furnace, up to cooling to below 200 ℃;
Step 5, the multiple pressure: adopt 300MPa pressure to carry out multiple pressure, pressurize 5~10 minutes.
Above-mentioned copper glaze graphite collector shoe preparation methods, wherein, the particle size range of described copper powder, white glaze powder and Graphite Powder 99 is 100 orders~400 orders.
The present invention also provides a kind of described copper glaze graphite collector shoe material to be used to make the purposes of the pantagraph current collector collector shoe slide block or the rail traffic vehicles pantagraph current collector collector shoe contact block of magnetic-levitation train.
The present invention explores by mechanics, electricity theoretical analysis, metallurgical constituent optimization design and processes, and select the adding white glaze powder of novelty to make and organizes wear resistance to improve, promptly be matrix with copper, white glaze is main substance, the collector shoe material of highly abrasion-resistant.The present invention adopts general powder metallurgy production method (mixed powder → cold pressing → sintering → multiple the pressure), prepares the significantly copper glaze powdered graphite metallurgy matrix material of lifting of homogeneous microstructure, mechanical property excellence, wear resisting property.
The collector shoe material that uses on the frictional behaviour of the prepared matrix material of the present invention and present magnetic-levitation train or the bullet train is compared, and great raising is arranged, and the abrasion loss of self can be controlled under the insignificant degree, and conductivity also is protected simultaneously.The copper glaze powder metallurgy collector shoe material that the present invention developed can substitute existing collector shoe material, and has longer work-ing life, can be widely used in magnetic-levitation train or high-speed railway train.And the production technique facility of this matrix material, can carry out the production of flow of tissue waterline, market outlook are good.
The metallurgical collector shoe material of copper glaze novel powder of the present invention is a body material with copper, adds white glaze, graphite simultaneously, makes all ten minutes excellent material of conductivity, frictional behaviour, wear resisting property, hardness, intensity.Products obtained therefrom of the present invention has well solved remarkable defectives such as traditional collector shoe material wear-resistant performance is poor, big, the necessary often replacing of self abrasion loss.Simultaneously, owing to therefore saved the tough-pitch copper resource to a great extent the work-ing life that the present invention has improved material significantly, thereby the theory of very agreeing with current Sustainable development.Through performance detects, and every performance of the prepared copper glaze of the present invention powder metallurgy collector shoe material all reaches research purpose.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is preparation technology's schema of a kind of copper glaze graphite collector shoe material of the present invention.
Embodiment
For the ease of understanding the present invention, especially exemplified by following examples, its effect should be understood that it is to annotation of the present invention and absolutely not to any type of restriction of the present invention.
Embodiment 1 ~ 4
Material composition is as shown in table 1:
Mix powder among table 1 embodiment 1 ~ 4 with various powder quality marks (200 order)
Figure 2011101791872100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Described glaze is a white glaze.
Preparation technology's flow process of copper glaze graphite composite material of the present invention comprises following concrete steps as shown in Figure 1:
Step 1, batch mixing: the formula rate of table 1 is put into the metal-powder mixer with copper powder, white glaze powder and powdered graphite, and rotating speed is 34r/min, changes the sense of rotation of mixer every 15min, allows material thorough mixing (about 24 hours).
Step 2, first pressing: adopt 300MPa pressure to carry out first pressing, pressurize 7 minutes.
Step 3, sintering: adopt ladder-elevating temperature mode 0~40min, 200 ℃; 40~80min, 400 ℃; 80~170min, 700 ℃; 170~330min, 920 ℃, requiring the sintering protective atmosphere is hydrogen, 920 degree are incubated 3 hours down.
Step 4, cooling: in process of cooling, adopt hydrogen to mix furnace atmosphere (10% hydrogen and 90% nitrogen mix by volume) protection with nitrogen, up to cooling to below 200 ℃.
Step 5, the multiple pressure: adopt 300MPa pressure to carry out multiple pressure, pressurize 5 minutes obtains novel collector shoe material.
The material properties test result that the foregoing description 1 ~ 4 is prepared is as shown in table 2, demonstrated the difference that the component difference has caused material physical property.Wherein, tension test is according to GB/T228-2002; Shock test is according to GB/T229-1994; The Brinell hardness test is according to GB/T231.1-2002; Density measurement adopts Archimedes's method.
The novel collector shoe material property of table 2 embodiment 1 ~ 4 gained detected result
Figure 2011101791872100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
With precision is the wearing and tearing mass loss of 3 samples of electronic balance test of 1mg, and frictional force is gathered by the digital display pressure tester, and frictional coefficient can be converted by following formula and obtain:
μ=
Figure 2011101791872100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
In the formula: μ is a frictional coefficient;
F is the frictional force between sample and the Stainless Steel Band;
N is the positive pressure that sample gives Stainless Steel Band;
N ' is the reading of pressure tester;
W is the gravity of counterweight.
The material that the embodiment 1 ~ 4 that calculates according to aforesaid method provides is as shown in table 3 at the frictional coefficient under the friction-motion speed:
The frictional coefficient of the novel collector shoe material of table 3 embodiment 1 ~ 4 gained under friction-motion speed
By above-mentioned test result as can be known, copper glaze graphite composite material conductivity provided by the invention, frictional behaviour, wear resisting property, hardness, intensity are all very good, can satisfy the collector shoe demand of magnetic-levitation train.
Although content of the present invention has been done detailed introduction by above preferred embodiment, will be appreciated that above-mentioned description should not be considered to limitation of the present invention.After those skilled in the art have read foregoing, for multiple modification of the present invention with to substitute all will be conspicuous.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be limited to the appended claims.

Claims (5)

1. copper glaze graphite collector shoe material is characterized in that this material is made of the material of the following meter of percentage ratio by weight:
Copper 90 ~ 94%;
Glaze 2 ~ 4%;
Graphite 2 ~ 6%;
Described glaze is a white glaze.
2. copper glaze graphite collector shoe material as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that this material is made of the material of the following meter of percentage ratio by weight:
Copper 94%;
Glaze 2%;
Graphite 4%.
3. copper glaze graphite collector shoe preparation methods according to claim 1 is characterized in that this method comprises following concrete steps:
Step 1, batch mixing: copper powder and white glaze powder and powdered graphite are put into the metal-powder mixer, and rotating speed is 34r/min, changes the sense of rotation of mixer every 15min, allows the material thorough mixing;
Step 2, first pressing: adopt 300MPa pressure to carry out first pressing, pressurize 5~10 minutes;
Step 3, sintering: adopt ladder-elevating temperature mode 0~40min, 200 ℃; 40~80min, 400 ℃; 80~170min, 700 ℃; 170~330min, 920 ℃, the sintering protective atmosphere is a hydrogen, 920 degree are incubated 3 hours down;
Step 4, cooling: in process of cooling, adopt atmosphere protection in hydrogen and the nitrogen holding furnace, up to cooling to below 200 ℃;
Step 5, the multiple pressure: adopt 300MPa pressure to carry out multiple pressure, pressurize 5~10 minutes.
4. copper glaze graphite collector shoe preparation methods as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that the particle size range of described copper powder, white glaze powder and Graphite Powder 99 is 100 orders~400 orders.
5. copper glaze graphite collector shoe material according to claim 1 is used to make the purposes of the pantagraph current collector collector shoe slide block or the rail traffic vehicles pantagraph current collector collector shoe contact block of magnetic-levitation train.
?
CN 201110179187 2011-06-29 2011-06-29 Copper-glaze-graphite collector shoe material and preparation method and application thereof Expired - Fee Related CN102242290B (en)

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