CN102238709B - Adaptive anti-interference method for wireless sensor network - Google Patents

Adaptive anti-interference method for wireless sensor network Download PDF

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CN102238709B
CN102238709B CN201110217632.XA CN201110217632A CN102238709B CN 102238709 B CN102238709 B CN 102238709B CN 201110217632 A CN201110217632 A CN 201110217632A CN 102238709 B CN102238709 B CN 102238709B
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interference
node
state
cost
strategy
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CN102238709A (en
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朱燕民
李向鹏
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Abstract

The invention discloses an adaptive anti-interference method for a wireless sensor network. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, constructing and initializing a network; 2, computing an anti-interference strategy; 3, periodically judging own state by using a node in the network, selecting an anti-interference method to be adopted according to the strategy obtained by the step 2, and performing network communication according to the selected anti-interference method; and 4, repeating the step 2 by using the node in the network to obtain a new strategy. In the method, a corresponding strategy is generated by using a Markov decision making process according to the state of the node and anti-interference cost, and the anti-interference method is adaptively selected by the wireless sensor network, thereby maximally reducing the energy consumption of the network to optimize network performance at the same time of ensuring communication quality.

Description

The self-adapting anti-jamming method of wireless sensor network
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is the method in a kind of wireless sensor network field, be specifically related to a kind of exist to disturb in environment in the situation that wireless sensor network node carry out adaptively anti-disturbance method.
Background technology
Due to low-cost, be easy to configuration, the unattended and excellent specific property such as can work in adverse circumstances, wireless sensor network is widely used in fields such as military affairs, aviation, the disaster relief, environment, medical treatment, health care, industry and households.Wireless sensor network is also a kind of brand-new acquisition of information approach simultaneously, and it can carry out by the node of discrete distribution in network the information of the various detected objects in Real-Time Monitoring and collection network region, and sends it to node or the stay of two nights of appointment.Also just because of its wide application prospect with it various good characteristics, wireless sensor network has obtained widely to be paid close attention to.
Except the good characteristic of above-mentioned wireless sensor network, it is also subject to some restrictions of self-defect simultaneously.For example, the transmission of its signal is carried out in free space, and this is just easy to the signal of its transmission to be interfered the attack of signal, thereby directly causes it cannot meet in application scenes specific (special) requirements such as the confidentiality of transmission data or real-times; Node in this outer network is all battery-powered conventionally, and this makes the network hardware be subject to comparatively strict power consumption limitations.So in wireless sensor network, also to need be energy-efficient to corresponding Anti-interference Strategy, otherwise network performance also will be subject to serious impact simultaneously.
Because interference signal is mostly similar to the node signal in network, all there are the features such as decay is very fast, transmitting power is low, so often the intensity of suffered interference signal is also comparatively different for nodes.The interference that the node nearer apart from interference source is subject to is comparatively serious, and the impact that distance node relatively far away is subject to is less, even no longer affects normal inter-node communication.Because the required cost of various Anti jamming Schemes is all different, often there is the scheme of fine interference free performance to need more Internet resources simultaneously, as consume more electric energy, therefore in actual applications, when we often pursue node in network and obtain better interference free performance, consumption of network resources as few as possible.
The network anti-interference method existing at present has, by the method for Interference Detection, determine the node being interfered, thereby by re-establishing route, walk around the connectivity that the region being disturbed guarantees network again, yet the method can make the part of nodes in network lose efficacy, if these failure nodes are image data node, can produce the loss of certain data, and the process of setting up route also can consume more Internet resources.Current anti-interference method also has, and by redesigning the method for the hardware configuration of node, is undertaken anti-interferencely, and the most direct adverse effect of the method is incompatible with present widely used node, and cannot obtain application comparatively widely.Also has in addition a kind of anti-interference method switching by channel: because the structure of common interference source and network node is comparatively similar, its probability that carries out entire spectrum interference is very little, when so current communication channel is interfered, node is by selecting other channels in adjacent or bandwidth range to carry out anti-interference, but its shortcoming is to maintain in network the connectedness of network when different nodes are operated in different channels, therefore also need to consume more Internet resources.In addition, also have the weak anti-interference method of some performances, as error correcting code, raising transmitting power etc., when its shortcoming is that interference signal reaches some strength, network cannot communicate by letter normally.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of self-adapting anti-jamming method of wireless sensor network is provided, it is according to node state, anti-interference cost, applying markov decision process generates corresponding strategy, wireless sensor network is selected anti-interference method adaptively, thereby when guaranteeing communication quality, farthest reduce the energy consumption of network, with optimized network performance.
The present invention solves its technical problem by the following technical programs:
A self-adapting anti-jamming method for wireless sensor network, based on Markovian decision process, it comprises the following steps:
The first step, network struction and initialization,
A, determine the anti-interference method that nodes adopts,
B, calculate the required cost of anti-interference method, this cost refers to, by the power level of node transmitted signal, send the length of packet and send the power consumption values of this node communication routine that the speed of data determines,
C, determine the residing state of node, this state refers to the intensity that this node is disturbed,
D, set up the state-transition matrix of node, this state-transition matrix refers to, the probability that this node shifts between different conditions;
Second step, calculates Anti-interference Strategy,
Cost according to the state-transition matrix of setting up and each anti-interference method, calculates a strategy by policy improvement algorithm, and this strategy refers to, the corresponding relation on described node between each state and anti-interference method;
The 3rd step, described nodes is the residing state of judgement itself periodically, and the anti-interference method adopting according to second step gained policy selection next cycle of this node, carry out network service according to selected anti-interference method, node is to upgrading coherent element value that should state in described state-transition matrix simultaneously;
The 4th step, is carrying out according to original strategy after the communication of a period of time, and described nodes re-starts second step, draws a new strategy.
Anti-interference method in the present invention comprise increase described nodes signal transmitting power, add error correcting code and switching channels; Described state-transition matrix obtains by the historical data statistics to communicating by letter between described nodes; The residing state of described node is four kinds.
The present invention is from interference free performance and node energy consumption two aspects, and applying markov decision process, makes node under different interference intensity, selects adaptively Anti-interference Strategy, thereby has both reached certain interference free performance, relatively reduces again the energy consumption of network.The present invention is different from traditional anti-interference method based on Interference Detection, has proposed the concept of node state, and different interference rank corresponding to node state is about to traditional binary judgement for disturbing and changes multi-stage self-adaptive method into.Advantage of the present invention is, can make to be subject to adopting comparatively simple and energy-conservation anti-interference method compared with the node of weak jamming, thereby reduce the energy consumption of network and the consumption of other related resources, and compared with the node of severe jamming, still adopt the anti-interference method that performance is stronger for being subject to, although relatively will consume more resource, can guarantee that internodal communication quality can not be affected.The present invention has adopted state transition probability to deal with the disturbed condition of dynamic change interference characteristic simultaneously, thereby has further guaranteed the quality of network service, has improved interference free performance.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is overview flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is embodiment process schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is switching channels anti-interference method schematic diagram in implementing.
Embodiment
The present invention is from interference free performance and node energy consumption two aspects, and applying markov decision process, makes node under different interference intensity, selects adaptively Anti-interference Strategy, thereby has both reached certain interference free performance, relatively reduces again the energy consumption of network.Flow process of the present invention as shown in Figure 1.It comprises the following steps:
The first step, sets up Markovian decision process model, carries out network struction and initialization:
A. determine the anti-interference method that nodes adopts.General selected three kinds of anti-interference methods, too much anti-interference method can make to calculate final strategy and become comparatively complicated.And these methods should have certain difference at interference free performance and required cost, thereby make node can adopt the method that cost is less when being subject to compared with weak jamming, to save Internet resources.This anti-interference method can comprise increase described nodes signal transmitting power, add three kinds of error correcting code and switching channels.
B. calculate the required cost of anti-interference method, this cost refers to the power consumption values of this node communication routine.While calculating anti-interference method cost, by analyzing the communication process that node will carry out before NextState, speedometer by the power level of transmitted signal, the length that sends packet and transmission data is calculated the power consumption values of this communication process, the cost using it as anti-interference method.
C. determine the residing state of node.Node state mainly refers to the intensity that this node is disturbed.Different node state corresponding to interference strength.Because the quantity of state equally directly has influence on the efficiency of calculating final strategy, so node state is got four kinds, disturb ranks with corresponding four kinds, also can be mapped with Anti-interference Strategy simultaneously.
D. set up the state-transition matrix of node.This state-transition matrix refers to, the size of the possibility that node shifts between different conditions, it has described the situation of change of interference signal to a certain extent, and provides when Nodes is during in particular state, will transfer to another shape probability of state, for instructing node to make a policy.This state-transition matrix obtains by the historical data statistics to inter-node communication.
Second step, calculates Anti-interference Strategy.According to the cost of the state-transition matrix establishing and each anti-interference method, by policy improvement algorithm, calculate a strategy.This strategy refers to the corresponding relation between each state and anti-interference method on described node, and it can be in order to instruct Nodes to select suitable anti-interference method when the particular state.
The 3rd step, the node of the proper communication residing state of judgement itself periodically in network, and select according to the drawn strategy of second step the anti-interference method that next cycle adopts, to guarantee that inter-node communication can carry out preferably.Network communicates according to selected anti-interference method, and simultaneously after judging residing state, node need to be in state-transition matrix battle array, coherent element value that should state being upgraded, for the calculating of subsequent step update strategy.
The 4th step, according to original strategy, carrying out after the communication of a period of time, nodes need re-start the calculating of second step, draw a new strategy, thereby can guarantee to a certain extent changing after interference characteristic when interfering nodes, new strategy still can have good interference free performance, and network communication quality can be guaranteed.
Below in conjunction with embodiment to making the detailed description of the invention; described embodiment is under the prerequisite of technical solution of the present invention; take and adopt the wireless sensor network of Zigbee agreement to implement as basis; provided detailed execution mode and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.Refer to Fig. 2.
The first step, network struction and initialization:
This step completes the initialization operation to system correlation module, and concrete steps comprise:
1. establish the state set of node, for reducing the calculation cost of algorithm, in this example, get four systems state, corresponding different annoyance levels;
2. set up the transition probability matrix between node state, it is the situation of change of description disturbance signal to a certain extent, for the calculating of follow-up Anti-interference Strategy;
3. selected anti-interference method, selected in this example, increase sending node transmitted signal power, add error correcting code and three kinds of anti-interference methods of switching channels, they are having certain differentiation respectively aspect interference free performance and cost:
1) increase sending node transmitted signal power: node transmitted power has different ranks in this embodiment, when node is used this anti-interference method, its transmitted signal power can be improved to a rank, to improve certain communication quality, can not increase considerably the energy consumption of node simultaneously;
2) add error correcting code: this embodiment adopts Reed-Soloman coding, its error correcting capability and required energy consumption be comparatively applicable this embodiment all;
3) channel switches: as shown in Figure 3, intermediate node switches its working method between different channels, to guarantee the connectedness of network, and can once broadcast when being switched to new channel, needs the node of communication in order to notice;
4. analyze and calculate the corresponding cost of corresponding Anti-interference Strategy, specifically comprise the following steps:
1) increase the transmitted signal power method of sending node, its cost is its energy consumption producing, and calculating formula is expressed as follows:
C I = Σ i = 1 n P tx t pck = Σ i = 1 n P tx L pck / R Bits ,
P in formula txfor the node transmitted power after increasing, t pckfor call duration time, L pckfor the length of the bag that sends, R bitsfor sending the speed of data, these data have corresponding regulation in agreement, by above calculating, can obtain the corresponding cost of the method;
2) add the cost of error correction code approach, its cost computational methods are as follows:
C EC = Σ i = 1 n ( P tx L EC / R Bits + E dec ) + E noti ,
L in formula eCfor adding the length of error correcting code packet afterwards, E decfor the required energy consumption of decoding, E notithe energy value of required consumption during for this anti-interference method of sending and receiving synchronisation of nodes, the summation of this tittle adds the required cost of error correcting code for this reason;
3) cost of switching channels method, its computational methods are as follows:
C CS = Σ i = 1 m P tx L noti / R Bits + Σ i = 1 n P tx L pck / R Bits + E noti ,
Because sending node may be operated on two channels, so send announcement information on the channel that all will will work shortly before every minor node is given out a contract for a project, i.e. L in formula notithe bag of representative, it is the length of bag for this reason specifically, and other amounts are all identical with the meaning of value representation in calculating formula before;
5. initialization Anti-interference Strategy, this step instructs the anti-interference behavior of node while just building for network, corresponding four kinds of node states, it takes respectively not use anti-interference method, increases transmitted power, adds error correcting code, four kinds of methods of channel switching method;
Second step, calculating Anti-interference Strategy:
This step is improved algorithm by usage policy, and the state-transition matrix after upgrading solves optimum Anti-interference Strategy, and concrete steps comprise:
1. the cost in each anti-interference method is added to a coefficient, its role is to the antijamming capability of each anti-interference method to add in the middle of the calculating of cost, when the effect of this anti-interference method is better, its cost value can have certain minimizing on the basis of only considering energy consumption, thereby makes can consider validity and the energy saving of anti-interference method when by cost calculative strategy simultaneously;
2. establish node from state S istart, through n the moment, its expectation cost is its computational methods:
ϵ i n ( D ) = C ik + Σ j = 1 M p ij ( k ) ϵ j n - 1 ( D ) , for?i＝1，2，…，M.
C in formula ikfor first cost constantly producing, pi j(k) be element value corresponding in transfer matrix, D is second total cost producing for residue n-1 moment in corresponding Anti-interference Strategy formula;
3. establish each unit in the time, produce expectation cost value be:
ζ ( D ) = Σ j = 1 M π 1 C ik ,
π in formula istable distribution for system mode;
4. we can obtain following approximation relation:
ϵ i n ( D ) ≈ nζ ( D ) + ϵ i ( D ) ,
ε in formula i(D) can be understood as in all costs because initial state is S iand the part cost that cost is exerted an influence;
5. by above-mentioned three steps, we can obtain relation:
ζ ( D ) = C ik + Σ j = 1 M p ij ( k ) ϵ j ( D ) - ϵ i ( D ) , i＝1，2，…，M.
This pass is an equation group, in order to the value of solving ζ (D n), ε 1(D n), ε 2(D n) ..., ε m(D n);
6. policy improvement algorithm calculates Anti-interference Strategy most, and concrete steps comprise:
1) random Selection Strategy D n, and ε is set m(D n)=0;
2) by the cost of existing each anti-interference method, thereby and state-transition matrix separate the equation group acquisition value ζ (D in the 5th step n), ε 1(D n), ε 2(D n) ..., ε m(D n);
3) use the ε solving i(D) obtain another Anti-interference Strategy D n+1, make each state S i, meet:
min k ∈ Δ C ik + Σ j = 1 M p ij ( k ) ϵ j ( D ) - ϵ i ( D ) ,
The anti-interference method that in formula, k is corresponding states; Δ is the set of all optional anti-interference methods, and its value is Δ={ strengthens signal transmitting power, adds error correcting code and switching channels }.
As the D solving n+1with D nwhen identical, complete and understand this tactful iterative process, otherwise n ← n+1 is set, continue this iterative process.
The 3rd step, according to Anti-interference Strategy, carry out network service:
1. detection node state:
This step is in order to detect the residing state of present node, and the degree of disturbing in network, and concrete steps comprise:
1) set up and be related to Π (CAS) between anti-interference method and state, because the antijamming capability between anti-interference method is different, different anti-interference methods is under identical annoyance level, resulting internodal communication quality also has certain difference, so can determine the residing state of present node with a function here, the Anti-interference Strategy that this function can adopt with present node, and the PDR(of inter-node communication successfully sends the ratio of packet) as parameter, three kinds of anti-interference methods and do not adopt any anti-interference method situation and four kinds of node states are mapped, thereby form this relation,
2) set up in environment and to be related to Γ (RSSI) between signal strength signal intensity and state, because the signal strength signal intensity on channel has been reacted signal intelligence to a certain extent, for example, when the PDR of node is lower, and the signal strength indicator that RSSI(receives) higher, this just illustrates in network has certain interference to exist, and the signal strength signal intensity on channel is divided into four interval four kinds of states of corresponding node respectively here;
3) when PDR is greater than a threshold value, illustrate that network can proper communication, we select less value (representing the good situation of network condition) in state value that above-mentioned two relations solve in the case, otherwise illustrate that current communication quality is lower, need to strengthen Anti-interference Strategy, this is to select larger value (representing the poor situation of network condition) in state value that above-mentioned two Function Solutions remove, thus egress current state;
4) upgrade state-transition matrix, concrete steps comprise:
A) transition probability obtains by the history of inter-node communication, arrives state S under nodes records when adopting anti-interference method δ inumber of times when state is by S itransfer to S jtime, New count more
B) by each numerical value in previous step, calculate transition probability:
P δ ( S i , S j ) = P δ ( S j | S i , δ ) = Pr ( S i , S j , δ ) Pr ( S i , δ ) = k i → j δ k i δ .
2. determine anti-interference method and communicate, concrete steps comprise:
1) node state the 3rd step being drawn is as the input of current Anti-interference Strategy, thereby draws the anti-interference method that is applicable to current environment;
2) this information is synchronizeed with receiving node, guarantee can communicate by letter normally between node, for example, while adding error correcting code, receiving node will adopt corresponding coding/decoding method when receiving data;
3) between node, adopt anti-interference method that above-mentioned steps draws and the rule in respective protocol to communicate;
4) after carrying out a period of time communication, receiving node feeds back to sending node by the corresponding communication information, in order to help sending node to make the decision-making that is applicable to current communication;
The 4th step, judge whether to recalculate Anti-interference Strategy, as Anti-interference Strategy is upgraded in the calculating that need to carry out in second step, otherwise getting back to the 3rd step continues to carry out network service according to current strategies, node is constantly carried out this four step, realize this invention, thereby obtain good interference free performance.

Claims (4)

1. a self-adapting anti-jamming method for wireless sensor network, based on Markovian decision process, is characterized in that: said method comprising the steps of:
The first step, network struction and initialization:
A, determine the anti-interference method that nodes adopts;
B, calculate the required cost of anti-interference method, this cost refers to, by the power level of node transmitted signal, send the length of packet and send the power consumption values of this node communication routine that the speed of data determines;
C, determine the residing state of node, this state refers to the intensity that this node is disturbed;
D, set up the state-transition matrix of node, this state-transition matrix refers to, the probability that this node shifts between different conditions.
Second step, calculates Anti-interference Strategy:
Cost according to the state-transition matrix of setting up and each anti-interference method, calculates a strategy by policy improvement algorithm, and this strategy refers to, the corresponding relation on described node between each state and anti-interference method; Described policy improvement algorithm concrete steps comprise:
(1), the cost in each anti-interference method is added to a coefficient, its role is to the antijamming capability of each anti-interference method
Add in the middle of the calculating of cost, when the effect of this anti-interference method is better, its cost value can be on the basis of only considering energy consumption
On have certain minimizing, thereby make can consider validity and the joint of anti-interference method when by cost calculative strategy simultaneously
Energy property;
(2), establish node from state S istart, through n the moment, its expectation cost is its computational methods:
for?i＝1,2,…，M.
C in formula ikfor first cost constantly producing, pi j(k) be element value corresponding in transfer matrix, D is second total cost producing for residue n-1 moment in corresponding Anti-interference Strategy formula;
(3), establish each unit in the time, produce expectation cost value be:
π in formula istable distribution for system mode;
(4), we can obtain following approximation relation:
ε in formula i(D) can be understood as in all costs because initial state is S iand the part cost that cost is exerted an influence;
(5), by the calculating of above-mentioned (2), (3), (4) little step, can obtain following relation:
i＝1，2，…，M.
This pass is an equation group, in order to the value of solving ζ (D n), ε 1(D n), ε 2(D n) ..., ε m(D n);
(7), policy improvement algorithm calculates optimum Anti-interference Strategy, concrete steps comprise:
1) random Selection Strategy D n, and ε is set m(D n)=0;
2) by the cost of existing each anti-interference method, thereby and state-transition matrix separate the equation group acquisition value ζ (D in the 5th step n), ε 1(D n), ε 2(D n) ..., ε m(D n);
3) use the ε solving i(D) obtain another Anti-interference Strategy D n+1, make each state S i, meet:
In formula kanti-interference method for corresponding states; Δ is the set of all optional anti-interference methods, and its value is Δ={ strengthens signal transmitting power, adds error correcting code and switching channels },
As the D solving n+1with D nwhen identical, complete and understand this tactful iterative process, otherwise n ← n+1 is set, continue this iterative process;
The 3rd step, described nodes is the residing state of judgement itself periodically, and the anti-interference method adopting according to second step gained policy selection next cycle of this node, carry out network service according to selected anti-interference method, node is to upgrading coherent element value that should state in described state-transition matrix simultaneously;
The 4th step, is carrying out according to original strategy after the communication of a period of time, and described nodes re-starts second step, draws a new strategy.
2. the self-adapting anti-jamming method of wireless sensor network according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described anti-interference method comprise increase described nodes signal transmitting power, add error correcting code and switching channels.
3. the self-adapting anti-jamming method of wireless sensor network according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described state-transition matrix obtains by the historical data statistics to communicating by letter between described nodes.
4. the self-adapting anti-jamming method of wireless sensor network according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the residing state of described node is four kinds.
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