CN102237976A - Multiple-input-multiple-output-based wireless network sensor cluster head random-selection interaction method - Google Patents
Multiple-input-multiple-output-based wireless network sensor cluster head random-selection interaction method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multiple-input-multiple-output-based wireless network sensor cluster head random-selection interaction method. A cluster head node is randomly selected by adopting a low-power consumption adaptive clustering hierarchy protocol method in a wireless sensor network; after a cluster is established, a message of the node enters a channel encoder for encoding; an output data stream of the encoder is split into N data streams with the same length by a serial/parallel converter; after being modulated, the N data streams are transmitted by N antennae; the node at a receiver receives the message by M antennae; and the receiving antennae of each path simultaneously detect received signals by a matched filter to recover raw data. By the method, the energy load of the whole network is uniformly allocated to each sensor node, and the aims of reducing network energy consumption and increasing the total time to live of the network are fulfilled.
Description
Technical field
The present invention expands with a low power consumption adaptive collection bunch laminated devices protocol method Multiple Input Multiple Output to combine in wireless sensor network, mainly utilize pilosity to penetrate multiple receive antenna and resist channel fading, increase the network channel capacity, and with the energy load mean allocation to each sensor node, belong to wireless sensor network, Analogical Circuit Technique and Principle of Communication technical applications.
Background technology
Wireless sensor network is a kind of emerging scientific and technical network, and research the earliest derives from US military.Wireless sensor network is to transmit information mutually by the communication of the sensor node that has specific function in a large number by self-organizing, finishes the intelligent dedicated network of specific function synergistically.It combines sensor technology, embedded computing technique, the communication technology, distributed information processing, microelectronic manufacturing technology and software programming technique etc., the various environment in monitoring in real time, perception and the collection network surveillance area or the information of monitoring target, and send the terminal use to after the information of collecting handled.Wireless sensor network is in industry, agricultural, traffic, military affairs, safety, medical treatment, space exploration, and various fields such as family and working environment all have a wide range of applications, and its research, development and application are related to many importances such as national security, economic development.
Wireless sensor network is made up of the identical or different wireless sensor node of various functions, advantages such as volume is little, cost is low, low-power consumption that they have.Each sensor node is made up of data acquisition module (transducer, A/D converter), data processing and control module (microprocessor, memory), communication module (wireless transceiver) and supply module (battery, DC/AC energy converter) etc.In wireless sensor network, the function of each node all is identical, a large amount of sensor nodes are disposed in whole being observed in the zone, each sensor node sends the own useful information that is detected to user after by preliminary data processing and information fusion, the process that data transmit is that the mode by the refile of adjacent node sends back the base station, sends the end user by the base station to satellite channel or cable network ways of connecting then.
Traditional wireless sensor network cluster head node is all fixed, and the transmission of message between node be to send and receive by single antenna, but this interactive mode often comes with some shortcomings in some specific applied environments:
1, the deficiency of bunch head selection
Bunch head of traditional wireless sensor network is all fixed, and the energy consumption of bunch head is bigger with respect to the energy consumption of ordinary node, will cause too early the exhausting of leader cluster node energy like this, and makes the too early inefficacy of network.
2, in the monitoring of environment and the deficiency in protection field
Along with the change people of the variation of global climate and environment are more and more higher for the degree of concern of environmental problem, the environmental data that needs to gather also gets more and more, the data that appears as randomness of wireless sensor network is obtained and is provided convenience, and can avoid the traditional data collection mode to destroy to the intrusive mood that environment brings.Such as, the researcher of research laboratory of Intel once joined into the Internet with 32 Miniature Sensors, to read the weather on the Maine State " Da Yadao ", be used for estimating a kind of condition of petrel nest, wireless sensor network can also be followed the tracks of the migration of migratory bird and insect, research environment changes the influence to crops, detects ocean, atmosphere and the content of soil etc.In addition, it also can be applied in the precision agriculture, detects the acid-base value of insect in the crops, soil and fertilising situation etc.The data volume that need gather and transmit for these problems all is very large, and traditional sensor network communication mode channel capacity is smaller, and in these are used, all require sensor node be placed on abominable, various barriers arranged or have in the environment of other moving bodys so that the signal that arrives receiving terminal is the signal sum from different propagation paths.Will cause like this receive data lose and inaccurate, to the detection of environment and estimate will produce wrong or inaccurate.
3, the deficiency of using in military field
Because wireless sensor network has intensive, random distribution, makes it be fit to very much be applied in the battlefield surroundings, comprise gathering intelligence about the enemy, monitor troops, equipment and goods and materials, judge many-sided purposes such as biochemistry attack.Long-term development targets research office of U.S. Department of Defense has invested several ten million dollars, helps university to carry out the research and development of " SMART DUST " sensor technology.The prediction of the president of Haber research company Almen fourth lattice: intelligent dust type transducer and relevant technical selling will be from 1,000 ten thousand dollars of tens dollars of being increased to 2010 in 2004.The data volume that these transducers will be gathered and transmit is also bigger, and the environment that transducer is placed is also relatively more abominable, also has the interference of other signals simultaneously, sensor node is also kept away unavoidable moving in this environment, this mobile time change that then can cause channel influences the transmission of message.And the information that these transducers will detect is very important, and is very high to the real-time and the accuracy requirement of information, and information is inaccurate may to cause the failure of task so that the failure of war.
In a word, traditional wireless sensor network node communication mode can not guarantee that sensor node transmits data accurately, reliably and enough channel capacities are provided in abominable or noisy environment.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of wireless sensor network low-power consumption and select a bunch exchange method at random based on MIMO mode, improve the channel capacity of wireless sensor network and improve the wireless sensor network anti-jamming capacity, to select leader cluster node at random in the mode of circulation simultaneously, with the energy load mean allocation of whole network in each sensor node, reduce the network energy resource consumption thereby reach, improve the purpose of the whole life span of network, can not reliable transmitting data and the low deficiency of channel capacity under the channel variation that causes by environment to improve traditional sensor node.
Technical scheme: Multiple Input Multiple Output is the important breakthrough of wireless mobile communications field intelligent antenna technology.This technology improves the capability of communication system and the availability of frequency spectrum exponentially under the situation that does not increase bandwidth.
One, architecture
Low-power consumption based on MIMO mode of the present invention selects a bunch exchange method architecture to comprise network (comprising many antennas ordinary node and leader cluster node), network cluster head selection at random.Many antenna nodes in the network adopt Multiple Input Multiple Output, improve the capacity and the interference of opposing from environment of system; Network cluster head select energy load mean allocation with whole network at random in each sensor node, reduce the network energy resource consumption, improve the whole life span of network.
Described low-power consumption based on MIMO mode is selected in bunch exchange method at random, node utilizes low power consumption adaptive collection bunch laminated devices agreement, mode with circulation is selected leader cluster node at random, compare with static hierarchical algorithm with general plane multi-hop Routing Protocol, a low power consumption adaptive collection bunch laminated devices protocol method will prolong network lifecycle.
Described low-power consumption based on MIMO mode is selected in bunch exchange method at random, adopts the wireless sensor network node utilization of many antennas to transmit and receive diversity gain, and the capacity of raising network also can be resisted the interference from environmental change.
Two, method flow
1, utilize low-power consumption to select a bunch method to select bunch head at random
Low power consumption adaptive collection bunch laminated devices agreement continuous restructuring procedure of carrying out bunch of circulation in running, each bunch restructuring procedure can be described with the notion of bout.Each bout can be divided into two stages:
(1) bunch foundation
The duration of bunch establishment stage is greater than the duration of stable transfer data phase.Bunch the process of setting up can be divided into 4 stages: the foundation of the selection of leader cluster node, the broadcasting of leader cluster node, leader cluster node and the generation of scheduling mechanism.
The selection of leader cluster node according to needed leader cluster node sum in the network and up to now each node number of times of having become leader cluster node decide.Concrete selection way is: each sensor node is selected a value between the 0-1 at random.If selected value is less than some threshold values, this node becomes leader cluster node so.
Behind the selected leader cluster node, inform whole network by broadcasting.Other nodes in the network according to the signal strength signal intensity decision subordinate that receives information bunch, and notify corresponding leader cluster node, the foundation of finishing bunch.At last, leader cluster node adopt time division multiple access way for bunch in each node divide the time point of its Data transmission of orientation.
(2) stable transfer data
In stabilization sub stage, sensor node is sent to leader cluster node with the data of gathering.Leader cluster node to bunch in all nodes data of gathering carry out sending aggregation node again to after the information fusion, this is a kind of reasonable working model that is few message volume.Each bunch adopts different code division multiple access codes to communicate the interference that reduces other bunches interior nodes.
2, the network multiple-input and multiple-output is mutual
Sending module and receiver module at each wireless sensor node are all settled a plurality of antennas, at transmitting terminal, elder generation goes here and there to the data flow that will send and changes, be input to then in the transmission processing module, here, input information is encoded, constellation mapping, carry out certain weighting, deliver to then on each secondary transmitting antenna, send through after frequency conversion, filtering and the amplification.At receiving terminal, the signal that receiver receives how secondary reception antenna carries out demodulation, matched filtering, reception is handled and decoding, to recover initial data.
3, bunch reconstruction
After stabilization sub stage continued the time of one section setting, the establishment stage that network reenters bunch carried out bunch reconstruction of next round, constantly circulation.
This method specifically may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: select bunch head, concrete selection way is: each sensor node is selected a value between the 0-1 at random, if selected value less than some threshold values, this node becomes leader cluster node so;
Step 2: behind the selected leader cluster node, inform whole network by broadcasting, other nodes in the network according to the signal strength signal intensity decision subordinate that receives information bunch, and notify corresponding leader cluster node, the foundation of finishing bunch, at last, leader cluster node adopt time division multiple access way for bunch in each node divide the time point of its Data transmission of orientation;
Step 3: the data that sensor node collects are encoded by channel encoder, the output of encoder is by a serial/parallel transducer, a data flow is split into N the substream of data that length is identical, and each substream of data is as the input of a pulse shaper;
Step 4: adopt the modulation system of OFDM, utilize discrete Fourier transform (DFT)/inverse discrete fourier transform to replace multi-carrier modulation and demodulation;
Step 5: N the data stream that node will be sent sends to channel simultaneously through N antenna, and respectively transmitting takies identical frequency band, and each substream of data transmits information independently by parallel space channel, to reach the higher data rate;
Step 6: use the performance of Bell Laboratory and the standard T-BLAST algorithm of complexity optimum to come the implementation space spatial multiplexing gain;
Step 7: receiver is done the processing opposite with reflector to the received signal, each road reception antenna all detects the signal that it receives simultaneously by a matched filter, the output of the matched filter on all M roads forms a detection statistics vector, recovers the data that transmitting terminal sends;
Step 8: after the data of the node stable transfer a period of time in the network, the establishment stage that network reenters bunch, carry out bunch reconstruct of second leg, constantly circulation, each bunch adopts different code division multiple access codes to communicate the interference that reduces other bunches interior nodes.
The selection of bunch head is adopted is that the method for low power consumption adaptive collection bunch laminated devices agreement is selected at random.
Described N the substream of data that node will be sent utilizes discrete Fourier transform to modulate through modulator, by N antenna data sent; Receiving terminal receives message, detect by M antenna, utilizes Fourier inversion to recover former data by demodulator.
After the data of node stable transfer a period of time in the described network, method by low power consumption adaptive collection bunch laminated devices agreement is reselected a bunch head, with the energy load mean allocation of whole network in each sensor node, thereby reduce the network energy resource consumption, improve the life span of network integral body.
Beneficial effect: the low-power consumption based on MIMO mode of the present invention is selected in bunch sensor network of an exchange method at random, network using low power consumption adaptive collection bunch laminated devices agreement is selected leader cluster node at random in the mode of circulation, then between the leader cluster node, adopt the mode of multiple-input and multiple-output to communicate between bunch head and the ordinary node, this interactive mode has realized the ability that reduces the network energy resource consumption, improve the whole life span of network.Specifically, method of the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, increases the data throughout of single-antenna wireless sensor network, need more complicated modulation system, perhaps increase bandwidth, or carry out both combinations.Doubling the simplest method of its throughput is that its bandwidth is doubled.And adopted the wireless sensor network of Multiple Input Multiple Output, system spectral efficiency that is to say with the linear growth of antenna number, as long as allow to increase the antenna number, power system capacity just can access continuous lifting.One is adopted the wireless sensor network of Multiple Input Multiple Output to utilize space multiplexing technique on same physical channel, and with the defeated multiplex data stream of multi-antenna transmitting, data flow sends on a plurality of transmitters under the situation of reindexing speed not.By increasing more transmitter and transmitting antenna, the throughput of system gets a promotion under the constant situation of bandwidth.
2, Multiple Input Multiple Output does not need the symmetric arrays of antenna, two transmitting antennas can be equipped with two reception antennas (2 * 2), also can carry out " imbalance " configuration, four transmitting antennas can be equipped with 4 * 3 configurations of three reception antennas, can make things convenient for the selection of equipment like this.
If 3 send identical signal on several antennas, so just can improve the reliability of transmission, rather than improve transmitted data rates.In fact the diversity of space-time is provided in this technology of different antennae and many parts of signals copies of different time points transmission.The technology of propagation or coded message symbol is called as the space-time coding techniques on room and time simultaneously.Adopt the wireless sensor network of Multiple Input Multiple Output promptly can improve reliability of information transmission by this diversity gain.
4, in desirable communication channel, wireless signal only transmits by single-pathway from the reflector to the receiver, but the barrier in the wireless channel (such as building and various landform) and moving etc. influences and can produce multipath effect, and therefore, receiver can receive a plurality of signals.The signal of reflection is because to compare the signal propagation path of direct transmission longer, the influence that can be decayed and postpone.Because the difference of transmission path, the phase place of these reflected signals also has nothing in common with each other.Therefore, the reconstruction of receiver signal faces very big difficulty, can cause the fluctuation of received signal intensity.Stronger multipath effect can reduce throughput or cause loss of data.And for mimo systems, multipath but can be used as a favorable factor and is used.Adopt the wireless sensor network of Multiple Input Multiple Output to resist interference, and guarantee higher throughput by the diversity in time and space.
5, select leader cluster node at random in the mode of circulation, with the energy load mean allocation of whole network in each sensor node, thereby reach the purpose that reduces the network energy resource consumption, improves the whole life span of network.Emulation shows, compares with static hierarchical algorithm with general plane multi-hop Routing Protocol, and a low power consumption adaptive collection bunch laminated devices protocol method can prolong 15% with network lifecycle.
6, for terminal user, because he does not need to obtain all data immediately, so a low power consumption adaptive collection bunch laminated devices agreement do not need periodically to transmit data, can reach the purpose that the limiting sensor node energy consumes like this.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a multi-antenna wireless sensor network structural representation.
Fig. 2 is based on the low-power consumption of MIMO mode and selects a bunch sensor network interaction diagrams at random.
Fig. 3 is that string and translation data are decomposed subgraph.
Fig. 4 is OFDM subcarrier figure.
Embodiment
For a more detailed description to accompanying drawing some embodiment of the present invention below.
According to Fig. 1, the present invention is based upon on the multi-input multi-output system basis, and concrete execution mode is (describing as Fig. 2):
1, selects bunch head at random
The selection of leader cluster node according to needed leader cluster node sum in the network and up to now each node number of times of having become leader cluster node decide.Concrete selection way is: each sensor node is selected a value between the 0-1 at random.If selected value is less than some threshold values, this node becomes leader cluster node so.
2, bunch foundation
Behind the selected leader cluster node, inform whole network by broadcasting.Other nodes in the network according to the signal strength signal intensity decision subordinate that receives information bunch, and notify corresponding leader cluster node, the foundation of finishing bunch.At last, leader cluster node adopt time division multiple access way for bunch in each node divide the time point of its Data transmission of orientation.
3, data stabilization transmission
(1) string and conversion
Suppose that number of transmit antennas and reception antenna number are respectively N and M, obviously this is (a N, M) mimo systems, the emission process of data is: signal is at first encoded by channel encoder, the output of encoder is by a serial/parallel transducer, be split into N the data flow that length is identical, each data flow is as the input of a pulse shaper.
(2) modulation
N data stream is modulated.Because the best when Multiple Input Multiple Output and flat fading channel dual-purpose is kept reasons such as receiving terminal low-power consumption, the most and orthogonal frequency division multiplexi of Multiple Input Multiple Output is combined into complex technique.Therefore the modulation system of this patent use is an OFDM.Channel distribution is become the subchannel of several quadratures, make the frequency spectrum after the band spectrum modulation can be overlapped, it utilizes discrete Fourier transform (DFT)/inverse discrete fourier transform to replace multi-carrier modulation and demodulation.Signal bandwidth on each subchannel is less than the correlation bandwidth of channel, so can regard the flatness decline as on each subchannel, thereby can eliminate intersymbol interference.And because the bandwidth of each subchannel only is the sub-fraction of former channel width, it is relatively easy that channel equalization becomes.
(3) emission
Data after the modulation are launched simultaneously by transmitting antenna.This N son stream sends to channel simultaneously, and respectively transmitting takies identical frequency band, thereby does not increase bandwidth.If the channel response between each emission, reception antenna is independent, then the multi-antenna wireless sensor network can create a plurality of parallel spatial channels.Transmit data independently by these parallel spatial channels, data transfer rate must improve.The capacity that improves channel is the spatial reuse gain that utilizes wireless sensor network multiple-input, multiple-output channel to provide, the method of implementation space spatial multiplexing gain has a lot, consider the pluses and minuses of D-BLAST and V-BLAST pattern, this patent adopts a kind of Space Time Coding structure that is different from D-BLAST and V-BLAST: T-BLAST.Its layer is shape of threads and distributes in the space and on the time.Original data stream is decomposed into by multichannel after the plurality of sub stream, and each son stream is gone out by corresponding antenna transmission, and this corresponding relation periodically-varied.
(4) receive
With message sink, receiver is done the processing opposite with reflector to the message that receives then by many antennas.Each road reception antenna all detects the message that it receives simultaneously by a matched filter, the output of the matched filter on all M roads forms a detection statistics vector, and each element of detection statistics vector is overlapping behind the multiple-input, multiple-output channel and with the disturbance of noise of transmitting of N transmitting antenna.
4, bunch reconstruct
After stabilization sub stage continued for some time, the establishment stage that network reenters bunch carried out bunch reconstruct of second leg, constantly circulation, and each bunch adopts different code division multiple access codes to communicate the interference that reduces other bunches interior nodes.
Claims (4)
1. a bunch exchange method is selected in the low-power consumption based on MIMO mode at random, it is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: select bunch head, concrete selection way is: each sensor node is selected a value between the 0-1 at random, if selected value less than some threshold values, this node becomes leader cluster node so;
Step 2: behind the selected leader cluster node, inform whole network by broadcasting, other nodes in the network according to the signal strength signal intensity decision subordinate that receives information bunch, and notify corresponding leader cluster node, the foundation of finishing bunch, at last, leader cluster node adopt time division multiple access way for bunch in each node divide the time point of its Data transmission of orientation;
Step 3: the data that sensor node collects are encoded by channel encoder, the output of encoder is by a serial/parallel transducer, a data flow is split into N the substream of data that length is identical, and each substream of data is as the input of a pulse shaper;
Step 4: adopt the modulation system of OFDM, utilize discrete Fourier transform (DFT)/inverse discrete fourier transform to replace multi-carrier modulation and demodulation;
Step 5: N the data stream that node will be sent sends to channel simultaneously through N antenna, and respectively transmitting takies identical frequency band, and each substream of data transmits information independently by parallel space channel, to reach the higher data rate;
Step 6: use the performance of Bell Laboratory and the standard T-BLAST algorithm of complexity optimum to come the implementation space spatial multiplexing gain;
Step 7: receiver is done the processing opposite with reflector to the received signal, each road reception antenna all detects the signal that it receives simultaneously by a matched filter, the output of the matched filter on all M roads forms a detection statistics vector, recovers the data that transmitting terminal sends;
Step 8: after the data of the node stable transfer a period of time in the network, the establishment stage that network reenters bunch, carry out bunch reconstruct of second leg, constantly circulation, each bunch adopts different code division multiple access codes to communicate the interference that reduces other bunches interior nodes.
2. a bunch exchange method is selected in the low-power consumption based on MIMO mode as claimed in claim 1 at random, and what it is characterized in that the selection of bunch head adopts is that the method for low power consumption adaptive collection bunch laminated devices agreement is selected at random.
3. a bunch exchange method is selected in the low-power consumption based on MIMO mode as claimed in claim 1 at random, it is characterized in that described N the substream of data that node will be sent, utilize discrete Fourier transform to modulate through modulator, data are sent by N antenna; Receiving terminal receives message, detect by M antenna, utilizes Fourier inversion to recover former data by demodulator.
4. a bunch exchange method is selected in the low-power consumption based on MIMO mode as claimed in claim 1 at random, after it is characterized in that the data of the node stable transfer a period of time in the described network, method by low power consumption adaptive collection bunch laminated devices agreement is reselected a bunch head, with the energy load mean allocation of whole network in each sensor node, thereby reduce the network energy resource consumption, improve the life span of network integral body.
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| CN102547906A (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2012-07-04 | 南昌大学 | Wireless sensor network node cooperation method based on virtual MIMO (multi-input multi-output) |
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| CN108471603A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-08-31 | 深圳汇创联合自动化控制有限公司 | A kind of highway overload remediation system based on block chain technology |
| CN117889892A (en) * | 2024-03-14 | 2024-04-16 | 浙江龙感科技有限公司成都分公司 | Variable-capacitance microwave direct-drive variable-frequency sensor, system and control method |
| CN117889892B (en) * | 2024-03-14 | 2024-05-31 | 浙江龙感科技有限公司成都分公司 | Variable-capacitance microwave direct-drive variable-frequency sensor, system and control method |
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Application publication date: 20111109 |