CN102234521B - Cracking furnace for cracking of hydrocarbons to ethylene - Google Patents
Cracking furnace for cracking of hydrocarbons to ethylene Download PDFInfo
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- CN102234521B CN102234521B CN2010101605041A CN201010160504A CN102234521B CN 102234521 B CN102234521 B CN 102234521B CN 2010101605041 A CN2010101605041 A CN 2010101605041A CN 201010160504 A CN201010160504 A CN 201010160504A CN 102234521 B CN102234521 B CN 102234521B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cracking furnace for cracking of hydrocarbons to ethylene. The cracking furnace is characterized in that: a double-tube structure is adopted in a radiant furnace tube of the ethylene cracking furnace, and one end of an outer tube is sealed; a mixture of hydrocarbons and steam penetrates into a first pass tube (an inner tube) from one end, penetrates into one end of the outer tube from the other end of the inner tube, and penetrates into an annular gap between the inner tube and the outer tube, and final cracking products penetrate into a quenching boiler from the other end of a second pass tube (the outer tube); and the penetration and the depart of the mixture of the hydrocarbons and the steam are carried out at a same end of the furnace. According to the furnace tube, the first pass tube and the second pass tube expand toward a same direction, and the expansion length of the outer tube is greater than the expansion length of the inner tube, so there is no need to arrange a spring for absorbing an expansion difference between the inner tube and the outer tube, and the service life of the radiant furnace tube is finally prolonged. Thereby more furnace tubes are arranged, the output of the cracking furnace is improved, the operation period of the cracking furnace is closer to the operation period of a two-pass furnace tube, and the technical performance is closer to the technical performance of a one-pass furnace tube in a case of a same hearth.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to petrochemical industry, be specifically related to the cracking furnace for preparing ethylene from hydrocarbon steam through cracking furnace tube structure in a kind of petrochemical complex production.
Background technology
The cracking of ethylene technology adopted in the petrochemical complex ethylene unit is mainly U.S. LUMMUS company, Stone& Webster company, Kellog & Braun Root company, the CBL pyrolyzer that German Linde company, Technip (KTI) company and the Sinopec in Europe developed.Their technology is as follows:
U.S. LUMMUS company: adopt the two journey boiler tubes such as 4-1,5-1,6-1, common four group's boiler tubes are joined a chilling (used heat) boiler;
U.S. Stone& Webster company: adopt U (1-1) type boiler tube, a small group or two group's boiler tubes are joined a linear chilling (used heat) boiler usually, all the bottom heat supply;
U.S. Kellog & Braun Root company: adopt U (1-1) type or one way boiler tube, usually a small group or two U of group (1-1) type boiler tubes are joined a linear chilling (used heat) boiler, two groups or four group's one way boiler tubes and are joined a linear chilling (used heat) boiler, all the bottom heat supply;
Germany Linde company: adopt 2-1 two journey boiler tubes, common eight group's boiler tubes are joined a chilling (used heat) boiler;
Technip (Dutch KTI) company: adopt 2-1 two journey boiler tubes, common eight group's boiler tubes are joined a chilling (used heat) boiler, adopt 1-1 (U) type boiler tube, and a small group or two group's boiler tubes are joined a linear chilling (used heat) boiler usually;
The CBL of China Petrochemical Industry technology: by SEI, Beijing Chemical Research Institute, chemical machinery research institute's joint development, adopt the two journey boiler tubes such as 2-1 type, improvement 2-1 type, they all can join a chilling (used heat) boiler, or are complementary with linear boiler, secondary quenching boiler.
Linear shape cooling boiler is a dual-tubes heat exchanger, and inner tube is walked the mixture that annular space between splitting gas, inner tube and outer tube is walked oiler feed and steam.
Double-pipe exchanger is the very general interchanger of application, and the annular space that inner tube is walked between a kind of heat transferring medium, inner tube and outer tube is walked another heat transferring medium.
In ethylene unit, pyrolyzer is nucleus equipment.In order to shorten as far as possible the residence time of scission reaction, improve again cracking severity simultaneously, the radiant coil of pyrolyzer (boiler tube) is to the future development of short length, minor diameter, and the round trip coil pipe is widely adopted, and one-way radiating furnace tube is already for full scale plant
For making raw material consumption greatly reduce, maintain suitable running period and thering is adaptability to raw material preferably, most company all adopts two journeys (18～24m) branch reducing or two Cheng Bufen principal deformation footpath highly selective boiler tubes, will the residence time be controlled at 0.15～0.25s.The first Cheng Caiyong minor diameter boiler tube, utilize the characteristics that its specific surface area is large to reach the purpose be rapidly heated, and the larger-diameter boiler tube of the second Cheng Caiyong is to reduce the impact on coking susceptibility.The two journey highly selective radiant coils that adopt have the boiler tubes such as 1-1 type (U-shaped), 2-1 type, 4-1 type, 5-1 type, 6-1 type, 8-1 type.The short residence time(SRT) of highly selective boiler tube is less than the one way minor diameter boiler tube (millisecond boiler tube) of 0.1s, and due to its specific surface area maximum, heat-up rate is fast, and cracking temperature is the highest, so selectivity is the highest.
Quenching boiler has traditional type (Si Mite, Bao Xige), bathtub formula one-level quenching boiler, secondary chilling and Linear shape cooling boiler, and Linear shape cooling boiler has advantages of the long hydraulic decoking that do not need running period.Can 1-1 type (U-shaped) and 2-1 type be arranged with the radiant coil of Linear shape cooling boiler coupling.
Since 20th century eight, the nineties, appearance along with the megaton ethylene unit, the large-scale pyrolyzer technology be complementary with it also is greatly developed, at present built in the world tens single stove ethene yearly capacities and reached the large-scale pyrolyzer more than 100,000 tons, maximum reaches 180,000 ton/years (liquid starting materials).The advantage of large-scale pyrolyzer is: (1) can save the approximately investment of 10% left and right (result of study based on offshore company); (2) because the stove number of units reduces, be convenient to management, maintenance; (3) floor space also can correspondingly reduce.
Pyrolyzer maximizes different with the maximization of other device and equipment, and the ability that improves pyrolyzer realizes by increasing radiant coil quantity.After but radiant coil increases, the also corresponding increase of pyrolyzer radiation section length.How can be in the situation that do not increase the ability that burner hearth length improves pyrolyzer, be of realizing maximizing by way of.
Pyrolyzer is more and more higher to reliability requirement after maximizing, therefore also more and more higher to the Machine Design of radiating furnace tube.
1-1 type (U-shaped) boiler tube have specific surface area large, can mate with Linear shape cooling boiler, there is mechanical property preferably, but running period is slightly poorer than other two journeys boiler tubes.Stone& A kind of boiler tube that Webster company has announced the 1-1 boiler tube at US6528027 is arranged, and EXXON company has announced the another kind of 1-1 boiler tube and arranged in CN1259981.These two kinds are arranged in Machine Design to have a common shortcoming are exactly that web member between its radiating furnace tube first city and the second journey is asymmetric, in operational process, radiating furnace tube can be owing to being subject to force unbalance, boiler tube can make the second journey pipe become two rows, its result makes to occur each other covering between two journey pipes, cause the boiler tube inequality of being heated, the pyrolyzer cycle of operation is shortened.
2-1 type boiler tube have specific surface area large, can mate with Linear shape cooling boiler, but with 1-1 type (U-shaped) boiler tube, compare because the first journey pipe need to be merged into a pipe by two pipes by a Y type part, two pipes there will be deviation in manufacturing and operating, boiler tube caliber after merging is larger, and the flexibility of major diameter bend pipe is poorer than little bend pipe.EP1146105 discloses the pyrolyzer that such furnace tube structure is arranged: two-range radiant section boiler tube is arranged vertically in the radiation section burner hearth, and the straight tube of a journey pipe and two journey pipes is arranged in a plane, and a journey pipe is arranged together, and two journey pipes are arranged together.One Cheng Zhiguan is connected by Guan Yuyi bend pipe of S shape respectively with two journey pipes after a Y-piece merges.
Adopt two journey boiler tubes of the configurations such as 4-1,5-1,6-1, common four group's boiler tubes are joined a chilling (used heat) boiler; Boiler tube adopts wrong row to arrange, and the first journey pipe is single, the second journey pipe is double, and first, second journey boiler tube adopts special pipe connecting: flat cone-shaped tube connects at the end.U.S. Rumscorrest Co. has announced its boiler tube and has arranged in patent CN1067669, and it enters the first journey pipe is 6, the second journey Guan Weiyi root, and the first journey pipe is connected with the second journey pipe by a collecting tubule in bottom.This kind of structure, because the first journey pipe is many, the second journey Guan Weiyi root, when the boiler tube expanded by heating, the second journey pipe first expands downwards, the first journey pipe moves downward under the traction of the second journey pipe, wherein from stressed less, stressed larger near the second journey pipe of the second Cheng Guanyuan, add the top and the bottom collecting tubule for being rigidly connected, differential expansion between the second journey pipe and the first journey pipe can only be regulated by the equilibrium system that is arranged on the first journey tube inlet, such result is when the first journey pipe can't move with the second journey pipe, will cause the crooking of the tubes.
One way boiler tube (millisecond boiler tube) is because its surface-area is maximum, heat-up rate is fast, cracking temperature is the highest, so the cracking selectivity is the highest.But its shortcoming is that coking speed is fast, and the cycle of operation is short.Owing to adopting between one way boiler tube exit end and boiler, be fixedly connected with in addition, boiler tube can only expand downwards, and the solution of its thermal stresses is more difficult than two journey boiler tubes.
1-1 type (U-shaped) two journey boiler tubes have larger specific surface area, and the caliber that its second journey boiler tube adopts is larger than the first journey boiler tube, and coking speed is less than the one way boiler tube, and the cycle of operation is longer than one way boiler tube.
The Chinese patent of CN101575255A " a kind of radiating furnace tube and application thereof " discloses a kind of one way boiler tube, inner and outer tubes, consists of, and material is walked the annular space between inner tube and outer tube.But its major defect is, there is the problem of thermal expansion difference in this boiler tube, and mechanical property is not good, the similar one way boiler tube of processing performance.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly the defect for prior art, proposes a kind of new radiating furnace tube and cleavage method to overcome the thermal expansion between current one or two journey pipes and to connect defect and the one way coil runlength is short and thermal expansion absorbs difficult shortcoming.
Particularly, in order to overcome the type two journey boiler tubes shortcomings mechanically such as 1-1 type, 2-1 and 4-1, and the one way boiler tube is on technique and shortcoming mechanically, and retain existing advantage, realize in the situation that same burner hearth is arranged more boiler tubes, pyrolyzer output is improved simultaneously, we use for reference double pipe heat interchanger structure, the first journey pipe of 1-1 type boiler tube is put into to the second journey, the end that its furnace tube structure is sleeve type structure and outer tube seals.Overcome the shortcoming on the mechanical property of 1-1 type boiler tube and one way pipe, processing performance has retained the advantage of one way boiler tube, and the cycle of operation has retained the advantage of two journey pipes.So just both advantages together.The mixture of hydro carbons and steam enters from an end of the first journey pipe inner tube, and an end that then at the other end, enters outer tube enters the annular space between inner tube and outer tube again, and final split product enters quenching boiler from the other end of the second journey pipe outer tube.Enter and the leaving of split product of hydro carbons and vapour mixture (raw material) are at same end.
In addition, determine the selection of processing condition and inner and outer pipes caliber, length by the Heating temperature of controlling material in inner tube.
A kind of cracking furnace for preparing ethylene from hydrocarbon steam through cracking of the present invention is achieved in that
A kind of cracking furnace for preparing ethylene from hydrocarbon steam through cracking of the present invention comprises:
A) at least one radiation zone; Be arranged in base burning device and/or radiant wall burner in radiation zone; Many groups two-stroke radiation furnace tube of vertical arrangement in radiation zone;
B) convective region and horizontal arrangement are at many groups convection coil of convective region;
C) zone of transition between radiation zone and convective region;
D) quenching boiler and high pressure drum, induced draft fan;
It is characterized in that:
The radiating furnace tube of the eyelet thimble structure of the end sealing that described radiating furnace tube is outer tube, wherein inner tube is the first tube side, the annular space between inner tube and outer tube is the second tube side;
The mixture of hydro carbons and steam enters from the inlet end of the first journey pipe, then enter the inlet end of the second journey pipe from the exit end of the first journey pipe, enter the annular space between inner tube and outer tube, final split product enters quenching boiler from the exit end of the second journey pipe of the inlet end homonymy with the first journey pipe again.
In concrete enforcement
The inner tube of described radiating furnace tube and the annular space area between outer tube are 1～2 times of inner tube area, and preferably 1.2-1.8 doubly;
The preset pieces that keeps the right alignment between inner tube and outer tube is set on described outer wall of inner tube, and the excellent choosing of described preset pieces is Wedged type structure, and it is large that its shape meets Xiao, top, bottom, little, large from the root at outer wall of inner tube place near the outer tube place.
The mode of outer tube one end (lower end) sealing has multiple, can be official's cap or adopt the circular steel plate of a slice with the outer tube welding, also can be the employing flange seal.
Whole outer wall in described inner tube is provided with fin, and its structure is selected from bar shaped or spiral type;
Described radiant coil arranges the element that cast-in-block comprises inner tube, outer tube and enhanced heat transfer member.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) the present invention has overcome type two journey boiler tubes and the one way boiler tube shortcomings mechanically such as 1-1 type, 2-1 and 4-1, overcome two journey boiler tubes due to the crooking of the tubes that the difference of the thermal expansion of the first journey pipe and the second journey pipe causes, also overcome simultaneously due to the one way boiler tube to an end expand and with the insoluble difficult problem of the thermal expansion across between pipe be connected between heating tube in section of convection chamber and one way boiler tube inlet manifold.This kind of boiler tube all expands downwards due to the first journey pipe and the second journey pipe, and the outer tube expansion length is greater than inner tube, and therefore not needing to arrange spring absorbs differential expansion between the two.
(2) owing to having realized flowing of two journey boiler tubes in the boiler tube at a vertical stratification, therefore retained two journey boiler tubes and one way boiler tube existing advantage separately on processing performance, and make the pyrolyzer cycle of operation more approach two journey boiler tubes, processing performance more approaches the one way boiler tube.
(3) realized in the situation that same burner hearth is arranged more boiler tubes, pyrolyzer output is improved;
(4), because physical construction is simple, not there will be the crooking of the tubes, thereby finally extended radiating furnace tube work-ing life;
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is prior art pyrolyzer schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is boiler tube schematic diagram of the present invention;
The front view that Fig. 3 a is boiler tube cross sectional representation of the present invention;
The vertical view that Fig. 3 b is boiler tube cross sectional representation of the present invention;
Fig. 4 be inlet tube and outlet how to realize advancing and going out schematic diagram of material;
The sectional drawing that Fig. 5 is the inner tube strip fin;
The sectional drawing that Fig. 6 is wedge locating block;
Pyrolyzer when Fig. 7 is connected with Linear shape cooling boiler for employing boiler tube of the present invention is arranged schematic diagram;
Pyrolyzer when Fig. 8 is connected with U-shaped quenching boiler for employing boiler tube of the present invention is arranged schematic diagram;
Fig. 9 arranges schematic diagram for the pyrolyzer burner and the boiler tube that adopt boiler tube of the present invention.
Each Reference numeral in accompanying drawing means respectively: 1 is radiation section, and 2 is transition section, and 3 is convection zone, 4 is radiating furnace tube, and 5 is the base burning device, and 6 is radiant wall burner, 7 is quenching boiler, 8 high pressure drums, 9 is induced draft fan, 10 is entrance, 11 is outlet, 12 is inner tube (the first journey pipe), and 13 is outer tube (the second journey pipe), and 14 is inlet manifold.
Embodiment
Many group radiating furnace tubes arrange vertically in radiation section burner hearth central authorities, and the lower end of radiating furnace tube is arranged in the groove that of radiation section burner hearth center bottom prolongs the burner hearth medullary ray, is provided with guiding and keeps evenly to guarantee the spacing between every two boiler tubes in groove.Entrance closes and is connected with collecting tubule, through a level pipe, with one 90 degree elbow, then inserts outlet pipe and is connected with inner tube, after each outlet pipe deflects away to the right, with a Linear shape cooling boiler, is connected.Convection zone is arranged in the left side at radiation section top.Arrange the base burning device in the radiating furnace tube both sides, after the fuel combustion release of heat, by radiation section burner hearth top left side, entered convection zone.
Embodiment 2
Many group radiating furnace tubes arrange vertically in radiation section burner hearth central authorities, and the lower end of radiating furnace tube is arranged in the groove that of radiation section burner hearth center bottom prolongs the burner hearth medullary ray, is provided with guiding and keeps evenly to guarantee the spacing between every two boiler tubes in groove.Entrance closes and is connected with collecting tubule, through a level pipe, with one 90 degree elbow, then inserts outlet pipe and is connected with inner tube, after each outlet pipe deflects away to the right, with an inverted U quenching boiler, is connected.Convection zone is arranged in the left side at radiation section top.Arrange the base burning device in the radiating furnace tube both sides, after the fuel combustion release of heat, by radiation section burner hearth top left side, entered convection zone.
Claims (3)
1. a hydrocarbon cracking ethane cracking furnace processed comprises:
A) at least one radiation zone; Be arranged in base burning device and/or radiant wall burner in radiation zone; Many groups two-stroke radiation furnace tube of vertical arrangement in radiation zone;
B) convective region and horizontal arrangement are at many groups convection coil of convective region;
C) zone of transition between radiation zone and convective region;
D) quenching boiler and high pressure drum, induced draft fan;
It is characterized in that:
The radiating furnace tube of the eyelet thimble structure of the end sealing that described radiating furnace tube is outer tube, wherein inner tube is the first journey pipe, the annular space between inner tube and outer tube is the second journey pipe;
The mixture of hydro carbons and steam enters from the inlet end of the first journey pipe, then enter the inlet end of the second journey pipe from the exit end of the first journey pipe, enter the annular space between inner tube and outer tube, final split product enters quenching boiler from the exit end of the second journey pipe of the inlet end homonymy with the first journey pipe again;
The inner tube of described radiating furnace tube and the annular space area between outer tube are 1～2 times of inner tube area;
The right alignment De Wedged type structural orientation piece kept between inner tube and outer tube is set on described outer wall of inner tube;
Whole outer wall at described outer wall of inner tube is provided with fin, and its structure is selected from bar shaped or spiral type;
Described radiant coil arranges the element that cast-in-block comprises inner tube, outer tube and enhanced heat transfer member.
2. pyrolyzer according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
The 1.2-1.8 that the inner tube of described radiating furnace tube and the annular space area between outer tube are the inner tube area doubly.
3. pyrolyzer according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
The Wedged type structural orientation piece that keeps the right alignment between inner tube and outer tube is set on described outer wall of inner tube, and its Xiao, top, shape bottom is large, little, large from the root at outer wall of inner tube place near the outer tube place.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101605041A CN102234521B (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2010-04-30 | Cracking furnace for cracking of hydrocarbons to ethylene |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101605041A CN102234521B (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2010-04-30 | Cracking furnace for cracking of hydrocarbons to ethylene |
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| CN102234521A CN102234521A (en) | 2011-11-09 |
| CN102234521B true CN102234521B (en) | 2013-12-04 |
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| CN2010101605041A Active CN102234521B (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2010-04-30 | Cracking furnace for cracking of hydrocarbons to ethylene |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104277860B (en) * | 2013-07-09 | 2016-01-13 | 中国石化工程建设有限公司 | A kind of cracking of ethylene furnace radiating pipe position-limited rack |
| CN107974270B (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2020-02-18 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Cracking furnace |
| CN107974268B (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2020-07-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Cracking furnace |
| CN107974269B (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2020-07-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Cracking furnace |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999013977A1 (en) * | 1997-09-19 | 1999-03-25 | Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation | Ceramic dip pipe and tube reactor for ethylene production |
| CN101062884A (en) * | 2006-04-29 | 2007-10-31 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Cracking furnace with two-stroke radiation furnace tube |
| CN101062881A (en) * | 2006-04-29 | 2007-10-31 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Novel configured single-stroke furnace tube ethylene cracking furnace |
| CN201276508Y (en) * | 2008-10-16 | 2009-07-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Double-row arranged radiation section boiler tube pyrolysis furnace |
-
2010
- 2010-04-30 CN CN2010101605041A patent/CN102234521B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999013977A1 (en) * | 1997-09-19 | 1999-03-25 | Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation | Ceramic dip pipe and tube reactor for ethylene production |
| CN101062884A (en) * | 2006-04-29 | 2007-10-31 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Cracking furnace with two-stroke radiation furnace tube |
| CN101062881A (en) * | 2006-04-29 | 2007-10-31 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Novel configured single-stroke furnace tube ethylene cracking furnace |
| CN201276508Y (en) * | 2008-10-16 | 2009-07-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Double-row arranged radiation section boiler tube pyrolysis furnace |
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Address after: 100728 Beijing, Chaoyangmen, North Street, No. 22, No. Applicant after: China Petrochemical Group Corp. Co-applicant after: Sinopec Engineering Incorporation Address before: 100728 Beijing, Chaoyangmen, North Street, No. 22, No. Applicant before: China Petrochemical Group Corp. Co-applicant before: Engrg Construction Co., SINOPEC |
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Address after: 100728 No. 22 North Main Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, Chaoyangmen Patentee after: SINOPEC Group Patentee after: Sinopec Engineering Construction Co., Ltd Address before: 100728 No. 22 North Main Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, Chaoyangmen Patentee before: CHINA PETROLEUM & CHEMICAL Corp. Patentee before: Sinopec Engineering Construction Co., Ltd |
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