CN102230635A - Treatment system and method of smoke - Google Patents
Treatment system and method of smoke Download PDFInfo
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- CN102230635A CN102230635A CN2011101218749A CN201110121874A CN102230635A CN 102230635 A CN102230635 A CN 102230635A CN 2011101218749 A CN2011101218749 A CN 2011101218749A CN 201110121874 A CN201110121874 A CN 201110121874A CN 102230635 A CN102230635 A CN 102230635A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
Abstract
The invention provides a treatment system and method of smoke. The method comprises the following steps: (1) introducing industrial smoke with the temperature of 120-420 DEG C into a gravity type heat pipe waste heat recovering device so as to reduce the temperature of the smoke to 100+/-10 DEG C; (2) introducing the smoke with the temperature of 100+/-10 DEG C into a low-pressure impulse bag-type dust collector for removing 95%-100% of dust, and reducing the temperature of the outlet of the dust collector to about 95+/-5 DEG C; (3) introducing the smoke with the temperature of 95+/-5 DEG C into a desulfurizer for reacting with atomized magnesium oxide; and (4) discharging the smoke after reaching a standard, and generating a desulfutation by-product MgSO4.7H2O. The system comprises the gravity type heat pipe waste heat recovering device, the low-pressure impulse bag-type dust collector and the desulfurizer, and seamless linkage is achieved through a dispersion control system. The whole process is smooth in joint and is convenient for operation, the dual purposes that energy in the smoke realizes step utilization and waste is changed into resources are achieved, and simultaneously, production and operation costs are greatly saved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of environment protection, be specifically related to a kind of flue gas processing method and system.
Background technology
The environmental pollution of China is very serious.Because the energy of China more than 70% by coal supply, is the discharging rich and influential family of China's atmosphere pollution so utilize coal-fired enterprise as power or power source.Discharging sulfur dioxide was about 3,000 ten thousand tons in 2003, accounted for more than 80% of national sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions total amount.According to present discharge control level, to the year two thousand twenty, the sulfur dioxide that discharges behind China's coal combustion will reach more than 4,000 ten thousand tons.If coal-fired atmosphere pollution can not get effective control, will directly have influence on the improvement of China's atmosphere quality and the sustainable development of industrial enterprise, even have influence on the sustainable development of following China economy.Wherein carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions are one of primary pollution source of atmosphere pollution, various coal-fired furnaces (containing boiler of power plant) are the main emission sources of carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide, the main way of administering this binomial discharging at present is residual heat integrative utilization (reducing the discharging of carbon monoxide as cogeneration) and the desulfurization of calcium method, but the work that difficulty of governance is big, initial cost is many, high these three key factors of running cost cause administering pollution runs into very big resistance, and a large amount of policies of the annual appearance of departments of government also are difficult to fundamentally address these problems.
In addition, present flue gas treatment technology, flue gas is not carried out unified planning, also not to the processing of classifying of the various compositions in the flue gas, categorised collection, basically treat the head when the head aches, pin is cured the way of pin bitterly, as looking for today a technology to solve the problem of sulfur dioxide, look for tomorrow company to solve the problem of dust pollution again, the waste heat of feeling the day after tomorrow has problem just to go for a family again to do the company of waste heat and there emerged a scheme, the overlapping investment problem that causes is quite serious, also gives follow-up smoke comprehensive utilization, the unified processing brings that the space is insufficient, corollary equipment needs problems such as replacing back and forth.Market presses for a kind of technology and can carry out unified planning, the unified recovery of handling, classify, utilize, turn waste into wealth step by step flue gas.
Goal of the invention
In view of this, in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of flue gas processing method, this method can be carried out integrated treatment with rational step, utilizes, turns waste into wealth by automation control substep, and reduce running cost.
The invention provides a kind of flue gas processing method, described method comprises the steps: that the industrial smoke of (1) 120-420 ℃ enters the gravity-type heat pipe waste-heat recovery device, flue-gas temperature is reduced to 100 ± 10 ℃, (2) described 100 ± 10 ℃ of flue gases enter low pressure pulse bag filter and remove the 95%-100% dedusting, the deduster outlet temperature is reduced to about 95 ± 5 ℃, (3) 95 ± 5 ℃ flue gas enters desulfurizing tower and atomizing and oxidizing magnesium reacts, (4) flue gas qualified discharge, desulfuration byproduct generates MgSO47H2O; Described step is controlled by scattered control system.
The present invention also provides a kind of smoke processing system, and described system comprises: gravity-type heat pipe waste-heat recovery device, low pressure pulse bag filter and desulfurizing tower, and by scattered control system realization seamless link.
Further, described gravity-type heat pipe waste-heat recovery device adopts gravity type heat pipe, and heat pipe evaporator section is inserted in the flue, and heat pipe condenser section is inserted in the heat-conducting medium, by heat pipe heat in the flue gas is delivered to heat-conducting medium, 120-420 ℃ of flue-gas temperature reduced to 100 ± 10 ℃.
Described gravity-type heat pipe waste-heat recovery device heat-conducting medium is the water of boiler feedwater, boiler replenishing water, heating recirculated water or heat pump.
Further, described low pressure pulse bag filter is an outside filtering type, dusty gas is entered the flue gas guiding device that is arranged in the ash bucket and is passed through each filter chamber, unit by mozzle, clean gas after the filtration sees through filter bag through upper box, discharge by exhaust duct through the off-line butterfly valve, the flue dust of 95%-100% in the flue gas is removed.
Further, described filter bag upper end employing spring piston ring pattern.
The turn form is adopted in the filter bag upper end, good seal performance, installation reliability height, and it is quick to change bag.Only need 1-2 people just can just lift the formula top cover and change the bag operation by the machine top.Packing into and taking out all and carry out at air-purifying chamber of filter bag need not enter the deduster filter chamber.
Further, described desulfurizing tower is the countercurrent spray scrubbing tower, and described flue gas through waste heat recovery and low pressure pulse bag filter is sent into desulfurizing tower absorber portion bottom by booster fan, is discharged by top of tower.
Further, column plate is from flushing type in the described desulfurizing tower, and described desulfurizing tower is provided with three helical layer atomizer groups, and described desulfurizing tower is provided with spray absorption liquid circulating pump and links to each other with described spiral atomizer, and the demist section is set, but take off the flue gas qualified discharge behind the mist in tower.
Further, described smoke processing system comprises that also desulfuration byproduct generates MgSO in the desulfurizing tower
47H
2The reaction tank of O.
When the present invention reduces flue-gas temperature by the heat pipe waste-heat recovery device, improve the temperature of circulatory mediator, reclaimed a large amount of heat energy, saved a large amount of energy resource consumptions.Along with the reduction of flue-gas temperature, the operating mode exhaust gas volumn significantly reduces, and can save materials such as flue, deduster, reduces floor spaces such as flue, deduster, makes apparatus arrangement more compact flexibly.Flue gas is after the cooling of gravity-type heat pipe waste-heat recovery device, enter exhaust dust device with bag again, because flue-gas temperature is reduced to about 100 ℃, this temperature alleviates much the infringement of cloth bag, the raising cloth bag life-span is about more than 50%, and efficiency of dust collection also is greatly enhanced simultaneously.
Sack cleaner has the efficiency of dust collection of the difficult analogy of other dedusters.Pure air after the dedusting enters blower fan, can protect the impeller of blower fan not to be worn, and reduces the fouling of follow-up desulfurizing tower, guarantees the quality of desulfurizing byproduct.The dry ash that sack cleaner is taken off can be used as construction material and sells, and can reduce operating cost, has good economic worth.In this stage, because the present invention has dropped to flue-gas temperature below 120 ℃,, save the cost of buying high-temperature filter material cloth bag greatly so the dedusting filtrate can use cheap ordinary filter, for saving operation and maintenance cost, the user uses.
The temperature of deduster outlet drops to about 95 ℃, 95 ℃ flue gas enters desulfurizing tower, temperature in this scope reacts with magnesia, first efficient is very high, the speed of second reaction is very fast, so improve desulfuration efficiency greatly, save the operating cost of desulfurizing tower, the desulfuration byproduct that forms after the desulfurization can generate the MgSO41H2O of fertilizer grade or the MgSO47H2O or the MgSO47H2O of technical grade by by-product plant.Because byproduct provides satisfactory desulfurization waste liquor (magnesium hydroxide content 15% in the desulfurizing tower, the magnesium sulfite stable content is 35%, dust content is smaller or equal to 10mg, waste liquid temperature is about 40 ℃), described desulfurization waste liquor is deposited in reaction tank earlier, and carry out secondary oxidation (aerated reaction), the air that uses during aeration reaches the air about 160 ℃ after as Steam Heating, magnesium sulfite after peroxidating, magnesium hydroxide, the adjustment that magnesium sulfate mixed solution carries out the pH value according to the size of pH value automatically by control system is adjusted to 7.8-9.2, add the mixed liquor that produces in the sweetening process when high, add sulfuric acid when low.The solution that regulates carries out the nature cooling in reaction tank, and in ten minutes that lower the temperature after beginning, progressively add the magnesium sulfate crystal seed, when temperature drops to 60 ℃ of left and right sides, the stirring that continues prevents that solidifying appears in solution in the temperature-fall period, stirs after 3 hours, solution is imported separator, and it is the qualified epsom salt solid of output that drying is handled.
China's magnesium reserves are abundant, use magnesia as desulfurizing agent, and raw material is cheap and easy to get, meet China's actual conditions, compares with ammonia process, two alkaline process, soda method etc., and operating cost is lower, and economic advantages are obvious.Magnesium method desulfur technology maturation, technology advanced person, Mg-base desulfurizing agent is strong to flue gas adaptability, and desulfuration efficiency can reach more than 99.9%, is particularly suitable for the purification of China's sulphur coal flue gas.SO in magnesia and the flue gas
2Reactivity substantially exceed calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide, the liquid-gas ratio of tradition limestone/lime-gypsum method is many about 15, uses magnesia as desulfurizing agent, and liquid-gas ratio can be reduced to about 2～3, can save desulfurization water consumption and power consumption greatly, the initiative and advantages of the localities that lack for water resource are more obvious.
Fouling in absorption tower and the process pipe is one of problem of traditional limestone/lime-gypsum method maximum.The gypsum that oxidation generates, stable in properties is deposited in the inner and process pipe in absorption tower in a large number, has greatly influenced the normal operation of desulphurization system, in the time of seriously even have an accident.For solving scale problems, have to be equipped with the auxiliary device of big traffic monitoring device and other reduction system foulings, technological process is very complicated.Through process modification of the present invention, because dirt is removed in flue-gas temperature reduction and the flue gas, so desulfurizing tower is wanted save area than general technology, reduce initial cost, the shortening in reaction time has reduced the power consumption of motor device such as desulfur pump, water pump etc., has saved the expenditure of the conventional energy resource expense such as electric power, water of run duration.Simultaneously, column plate is from flushing type in the desulfurizing tower, has thoroughly solved scale problems.
The byproduct magnesium sulfite that the desulfurization of magnesium method generates easily is oxidized to magnesium sulfate in air.Magnesium sulfate is important fertilizer, can be used for multiple industries such as chemical industry, pharmacy, and about 3000 yuan/ton of market price has very high economic worth.Magnesium method desulfurizing byproduct is produced magnesium sulfate and not only is recoverable to cost, also can create good economic benefit.Reclaim technology by byproduct and also can produce technical grade MgSO47HO, the existing market price is about 600 yuan/ton, and economic worth is very high.Magnesium sulfite also can decompose generation MgO and SO2 in 850 ℃ of heating and calcinings.MgO after the decomposition can continue as the desulfurizing agent recycling, and the high concentration SO 2 of generation can be made sulfuric acid.
The present invention will finish in originally single desulphurization problem, dust removal problem, UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN problem, byproduct recovery problem unification to a system, realize its seamless link by the DCS control system, under the technological guidance of residual heat resources cascade utilization, promptly solve the problem of residual heat resources comprehensive utilization, service life is short in high temperature for a long time, the cloth bag replacing is frequent also to have solved the conventional cloth bag deduster, the higher difficult problem of the whole cost of use of deduster.Flue gas just is controlled in the optimum temperature range of sulphur and magnesia reaction through the temperature after the exhaust heat stepped utilization, also reduce the initial cost of desulfurizing tower when improving desulfuration efficiency, and only material proportion ratio is provided for the epsom salt conversion process of back.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1. flue gas processing method of the present invention reclaims four major parts by flue gas waste heat recovery-bag-type dusting-wet type magnesium method desulfurization-byproduct and forms that (figure one: product process flow figure).The simple science of a whole set of technology, linking smoothness, operation make things convenient for, applicability is strong, recovery waste heat and desulfuration byproduct when administering flue gas, make the energy in the flue gas obtain cascade utilization, sensible heat and latent heat in a large amount of recovery flue gases, reach the dual purpose of energy-saving and emission-reduction, changing waste into resources, save the operation and maintenance cost of gas cleaning (environmental protection) system simultaneously to the owner, saved production and operation cost greatly.
2. smoke processing system of the present invention, realize whole method flow by incorporate DCS control module, when flue-gas temperature when a certain process section is too high or too low, can realize adjusting step by step to temperature, find that as flour bag deduster section temperature surpasses 120 ℃ or when being lower than 95 ℃, DCS control can directly strengthen the rate-of flow of waste heat recovery section, by the increase of flow or the reduction or the rising of minimizing realization temperature, thereby the quality of guaranteeing final byproduct epsom salt is consistent all the time, this point more has actual using value than other invention that single desulfuration byproduct on the present market reclaims technology, also can fundamentally guarantee the stable and operation of whole system, reduce the human cost of the operation maintenance aspect of whole system, the whole system all-pass is crossed the DCS operation, and manpower reduces over half than conventional system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: be the inventive method flow chart
Fig. 2: be gravity-type heat pipe waste-heat recovery device structural representation
Fig. 3: be the low pressure pulse bag filter schematic diagram.
Fig. 4: be the low pressure pulse bag filter longitudinal sectional drawing.
Fig. 5: be the attached view of low pressure pulse bag filter.
Fig. 6: be the spring piston ring structural representation.
Fig. 7: be gravity-type heat pipe waste-heat recovery device, low pressure pulse bag filter and desulfurizing tower combination assumption diagram
Fig. 8: be the desulfurizing tower structural representation.
Wherein: the upper flip 12-supporting leg 13-mozzle 14-15-of the filter chamber filter bag 16-off-line valve 17-exhaust duct 18-spring piston ring 19-waste-heat recovery device 20-sack cleaner 21-booster fan 22-absorber portion bottom 23-cat head 24-atomizer 25-absorption liquid circulating pump 26-demist section 27-desulfurizing tower of casing 8-air inlet 9-dusty gas 10-ash bucket 11-among the 1-flue 2-heat pipe 3-heat-conducting medium 4-gas bag winding-up combination 5-lift valve combination 6-upper box 7-.
The specific embodiment
Further illustrate the present invention in the following embodiments, this does not limit the scope of the invention.
Using flue gas processing method of the present invention with Jincheng Paper Mill, Liaoning Prov. is example:
380 ℃ industrial smoke enters gravity-type heat pipe waste-heat recovery device 19, and described gravity-type heat pipe waste-heat recovery device heat-conducting medium is boiler feedwater.Flue-gas temperature is reduced to 100 ℃, described 100 ℃ of flue gases enter low pressure pulse bag filter 20, low pressure pulse bag filter is an outside filtering type, dusty gas enters the flue gas guiding device that is arranged in the ash bucket by mozzle 13 and passes through each filter chamber, unit and filter, the spring piston ring pattern is adopted in described filter bag 15 upper ends, clean gas after the filtration sees through filter bag through upper box, is discharged by exhaust duct 17 through the off-line butterfly valve, and 97% flue dust in the flue gas is removed.The deduster outlet temperature is reduced to about 98 ℃, and 98 ℃ dedusting flue gas enters desulfurizing tower 27 and reacts with atomizing and oxidizing magnesium.
Desulfurizing tower 27 is the countercurrent spray scrubbing tower, sends into desulfurizing tower absorber portion bottom through the flue gas of waste heat recovery and low pressure pulse bag filter by booster fan 21, is discharged by top of tower 23.Column plate is from flushing type in the desulfurizing tower 27, is provided with three helical layer atomizer groups 24 in the tower, and is provided with spray absorption liquid circulating pump 25 and links to each other with described spiral atomizer 24, and demist section 26 is set in tower, but takes off the flue gas qualified discharge behind the mist.Reaction by-product in the desulfurizing tower provides satisfactory desulfurization waste liquor (magnesium hydroxide content 15%, magnesium sulfite content 35%, dust content is smaller or equal to 10mg, waste liquid temperature is about 40 ℃), through aeration in the reaction tank, pH is adjusted to 8.0, the cooling back adds the magnesium sulfate crystal seed naturally, autocoagulation generates the epsom salt crystal grain, carries out being packaged into bag after the Separation of Solid and Liquid through centrifuge.
Above-mentioned steps is controlled by scattered control system.Scattered control system is one, and what be made up of process control level and process monitoring level is the multi-level computer system of tie with the communication network, combine computer, technology such as communication, demonstration and control, its basic thought is distributed collection switching value and analog signals, concentrates and carry out data processing, configuration demonstration, differentiated control, decentralised control, easy to operate.
First section gravity-type heat pipe waste-heat recovery device controlled electrically operated valve by gathering the temperature and the feedwater flow feedback signal of returning, and reaches the optimum state of feed temperature value.
Second section low pressure pulse bag filter judges whether put into operation by temperature before the deduster of gather, and triggers the deduster cleaning cycle according to pressure difference signal before and after the deduster, and handles decentralised control pulse valve deashing by data.
The 3rd section desulphurization system by the signal that instrument such as liquid level, pressure, flow, temperature, pH meter feed back, effectively controlled the desulfurization slurry injection rate, discharges fresh water (FW) (the industrial waste water that promptly meets environmental emission standard).
The 4th section byproduct recovery system, the process intensive data is handled and is realized up time by-pass valve control, dewaterer, and equipment such as oxidation fan, water pump produce high-quality MgSO47H2O.
Although by reference some preferred embodiment of the present invention, invention has been described, but those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can make various changes to it in the form and details, and the spirit and scope of the present invention that do not depart from appended claims and limited.
Claims (8)
1. flue gas processing method, it is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps: that the industrial smoke of (1) 120-420 ℃ enters the gravity-type heat pipe waste-heat recovery device, flue-gas temperature is reduced to 100 ± 10 ℃, (2) described 100 ± 10 ℃ of flue gases enter low pressure pulse bag filter and remove the 95%-100% dedusting, the deduster outlet temperature is reduced to about 95 ± 5 ℃, (3) 95 ± 5 ℃ flue gas enters desulfurizing tower and atomizing and oxidizing magnesium reacts, (4) flue gas qualified discharge, desulfuration byproduct generates MgSO
47H
2O; Described step is controlled by scattered control system.
2. a smoke processing system is characterized in that, described system comprises: gravity-type heat pipe waste-heat recovery device, low pressure pulse bag filter and desulfurizing tower, and realize seamless link successively by scattered control system.
3. according to the described smoke processing system of claim 2, it is characterized in that, described gravity-type heat pipe waste-heat recovery device adopts gravity type heat pipe, heat pipe evaporator section is inserted in the flue, heat pipe condenser section is inserted in the heat-conducting medium, by heat pipe heat in the flue gas is delivered to heat-conducting medium, 120-420 ℃ of flue-gas temperature reduced to 100 ± 10 ℃.
4. according to the described smoke processing system of claim 2, it is characterized in that, described low pressure pulse bag filter is an outside filtering type, dusty gas is entered the flue gas guiding device that is arranged in the ash bucket and is passed through each filter chamber, unit by mozzle, clean gas after the filtration sees through filter bag through upper box, discharge by exhaust duct through the off-line butterfly valve again, the flue dust of 95%-100% in the flue gas is removed.
5. according to the described smoke processing system of claim 4, it is characterized in that the spring piston ring pattern is adopted in described filter bag upper end.
6. according to the described smoke processing system of claim 2, it is characterized in that described desulfurizing tower is the countercurrent spray scrubbing tower, described flue gas through waste heat recovery and low pressure pulse bag filter is sent into desulfurizing tower absorber portion bottom by booster fan, is discharged by top of tower.
7. according to the described smoke processing system of claim 2, it is characterized in that, column plate is from flushing type in the described desulfurizing tower, described desulfurizing tower is provided with three helical layer atomizer groups, described desulfurizing tower is provided with spray absorption liquid circulating pump and links to each other with described spiral atomizer, and the demist section is set in tower, take off the flue gas qualified discharge behind the mist.
8. according to the described smoke processing system of claim 2, it is characterized in that described smoke processing system comprises that also desulfuration byproduct generates MgSO in the desulfurizing tower
47H
2The reaction tank of O.
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| CN2011101218749A CN102230635B (en) | 2011-05-11 | 2011-05-11 | Treatment system and method of smoke |
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| CN104519980A (en) * | 2012-09-10 | 2015-04-15 | 三菱日立电力系统株式会社 | Desulfurization device, and soot removal system |
| CN113842767A (en) * | 2021-10-23 | 2021-12-28 | 安徽省华鑫铅业集团有限公司 | Tail gas treatment method based on gravity and pulse bag type dust removal |
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| CN113842767A (en) * | 2021-10-23 | 2021-12-28 | 安徽省华鑫铅业集团有限公司 | Tail gas treatment method based on gravity and pulse bag type dust removal |
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| CN102230635B (en) | 2013-06-05 |
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