Prevent that boiler afterheat from reclaiming method and device that hot water makes the boiler feed pump cavitation
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of boiler water supply method and device, refer in particular to and a kind ofly utilize waste heat recovery to prevent from the hot water to make boiler feed pump produce the method and the device of cavitation because of hot water for boiler provides, be mainly used in the gas fired-boiler, but also may be used in other boiler afterheat recovering devices or the hot water water supply installation.
Background technology
Industrial fuel oil, combustion gas, when coal-burning boiler manufactures and designs, in order to prevent heated surface at the end of boiler corrosion and stifled ash, the standard state exhaust gas temperature generally is not less than 180 ℃, reaches as high as 250 ℃, the high-temperature flue gas discharging not only causes a large amount of thermal waste, and the while is contaminated environment also.Reclaim the heat heating boiler moisturizing in the flue gas, can improve efficiency of energy utilization significantly.Thereby the fuel saving expense reduces production costs, and reduces toxic emission.
After boiler replenishing water was heated intensification, saturated vapor pressure raise, saturated vapor pressure 2.3346 kPa during 20 ℃ of water temperatures, and just to raise be 101.330 kPa to saturated vapor pressure during 100 ℃ of water temperatures.And the condition of the normal water inlet of boiler feed pump to be inlet pressure at pump be not less than the water saturation vapour pressure, otherwise, will produce cavitation, cause feed pump not intake, even damage.When being original normal-temperature water, boiler can normally be intake, now recycle the waste heat heating boiler moisturizing in the boiler smoke after, just may undesired the water inlet.
Existing waste-heat recovery device: a kind of is that water was in high pressure conditions behind feed pump, cavitation can not take place after it was located at boiler feed pump.But it can only be an efficiency operation just under boiler combustion and the synchronous state of water inlet, but usually during boiler operatiopn, does not often accomplish synchronously inefficiency in the actual motion.Another kind is before waste-heat recovery device is located at boiler feed pump, is sent to the high-temperature water tank installed of high position more through the high-temperature-hot-water of waste-heat recovery device, forms the prepressurized water post by the installation site difference of elevated tank and boiler feed pump.Heat recovery efficiency is much improved like this, but the raising of the installation site of high temperature water-supply water tank, as boiler dress Stall, high temperature water-supply water tank dress second floor.Certainly will cause making, mounting cost to increase greatly.Therefore necessary this is improved.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to prevent the deficiency of boiler feed pump cavitation method and device at existing boiler afterheat recovering device, provide a kind of more easy boiler afterheat that prevents to reclaim method and device that hot water makes the supply-water pump cavitation, before this method and device are located at boiler feed pump, but no longer need to establish the high temperature water-supply water tank that a traditional high position is installed.
Goal of the invention of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of boiler afterheat that prevents reclaims the method that hot water makes the boiler feed pump cavitation, one heat exchanger is set in the outlet pipe section of flue, flue gas that boiler is discharged earlier through with heat exchanger in water carry out discharging again after the heat exchange; Heat exchanger carries out heat exchange by input cold water, and the cold water in the heat exchanger is provided by the water supply tank of boiler; Cold water is sent in the heat exchanger via the waste heat water circulating pump in the boiler replenishing water case, in heat exchange, carry out heat exchange then and become hot water, then enter in the boiler that has insulation, be transported to boiler feed pump from the boiler bottom by pipeline again again, by boiler feed pump as the water source to boiler water supply; Be provided with a pressurizer on the boiler side, pressurizer is communicated with boiler by pipeline, and pressurizer can guarantee when the boiler feedwater pump startup that boiler feed pump has the hydraulic pressure that prevents pump hot water generation cavitation.Described pressurizer is the mechanical type pressurizer, is a kind of pressurizer by pressure that water level forms; Concrete pressurizer can be in system and device, substantially become on the platform of level with boiler below boiler being arranged on the horizontal plane of heat exchanger, the pressurize of boiler is by on the boiler side one pressurize standpipe being set, the pressurize standpipe is communicated with by pipeline with boiler, at the waste heat water circulating pump during to boiler pump hot water, the pressurize standpipe is under the pump function of waste heat water circulating pump, its water level will raise along with the increase of pump pressure, and can keep boiler to have when the waste heat water circulating pump is out of service enough preventing boiler feed pump from producing the required pressure of cavitation; Moment when the boiler feedwater pump startup produces cavitation when preventing the boiler feedwater pump startup by the pressurize standpipe for hydraulic pressure that boiler provided.Described pressurize standpipe can stand vertically, but also can be oblique layout; Pressurize standpipe vertical height prevents that according to boiler feed pump the required hydraulic pressure of hot water cavitation is converted into water-column by force and determines; Top at the pressurize standpipe is provided with emptying device, emptying device directly communicates with atmosphere, to prevent the hypertonia of boiler, and the place is connected to the bypass leak-off pipe in the pressurize riser top, leak-off pipe communicates with the water supply tank of boiler, when the hypertonia of boiler, the hot water that covers the pressurize riser top will flow into the boiler replenishing water case by leak-off pipe; In order to prevent that the hot water when the waste heat water circulating pump quits work from refluxing, in the connecting line of boiler and waste heat water circulating pump, be provided with the check device that prevents that hot water from refluxing, when quitting work, the waste heat water circulating pump can prevent effectively that hot water from refluxing.
Reclaim the device that hot water makes the boiler feed pump cavitation according to the boiler afterheat that prevents that said method proposed, comprise boiler body, on boiler body, be provided with the flue discharge pipe, in flue discharge pipeline section, heat exchanger is installed, heat exchanger is a water-cooled heat exchanger, the water inlet of heat exchanger is communicated with the outlet of waste heat water circulating pump, and the water circulating pump inlet connects water supply tank, and heat exchanger is by the water supply tank moisturizing; The delivery port of heat exchanger is communicated with an external boiler, and by of the water extraction of waste heat water circulating pump with water supply tank, become hot water via heat exchanger and inject boiler, the bottom of boiler is provided with hot water outlet, the hot water outlet of boiler links to each other with the inlet of boiler feed pump by pipeline, and the boiler feedwater delivery side of pump supplies water to boiler body by pipeline; Be provided with a pressurizer on the boiler side, pressurizer is communicated with boiler by pipeline, and pressurizer can guarantee when the boiler feedwater pump startup that boiler feed pump has the hydraulic pressure that prevents pump hot water generation cavitation.Described pressurizer is the mechanical type pressurizer, is a kind of pressurizer by pressure that water level forms; Concrete pressurizer can be in system and device, substantially become on the platform of level with boiler below boiler being arranged on the horizontal plane of heat exchanger, the pressurize of boiler is by on the boiler side one pressurize standpipe being set, the pressurize standpipe is communicated with by pipeline with boiler, at the waste heat water circulating pump during to boiler pump hot water, the pressurize standpipe is under the pump function of waste heat water circulating pump, its water level will raise along with the increase of pump pressure, and can keep boiler to have when the waste heat water circulating pump is out of service enough preventing boiler feed pump from producing the required pressure of cavitation; Moment when the boiler feedwater pump startup produces cavitation when preventing the boiler feedwater pump startup by the pressurize standpipe for hydraulic pressure that boiler provided.Described pressurize standpipe can stand vertically, but also can be oblique layout; Pressurize standpipe vertical height prevents that according to boiler feed pump the required hydraulic pressure of hot water cavitation is converted into water-column by force and determines; Top at the pressurize standpipe is provided with emptying device, emptying device directly communicates with atmosphere, to prevent the hypertonia of boiler, and be connected to the bypass leak-off pipe in the pressurize riser top, leak-off pipe communicates with the water supply tank of boiler, when the hypertonia of boiler, the hot water that covers the pressurize riser top will flow into the boiler replenishing water case by leak-off pipe; In order to prevent that the hot water when the waste heat water circulating pump quits work from refluxing, in the connecting line of boiler and waste heat water circulating pump, be provided with the check device that prevents that hot water from refluxing, when quitting work, the waste heat water circulating pump can prevent effectively that hot water from refluxing.
Operation principle of the present invention is: when boiler startup, the high-temperature flue gas that is come by the boiler heat exchanger of flowing through is passed to heat transferring medium with heat, and cooling back flue gas is discharged through chimney again.When putting into operation for the first time, start earlier the waste heat water circulating pump, and water filling in boiler, make the water level of pressurize standpipe rise simultaneously, form and prevent the pressure that the boiler feedwater pump cavitation is required, for boiler feed pump provides high pressure when starting shipment; Waste heat water circulating pump and boiler feed pump start simultaneously later on, boiler feed pump is pumped into the hot water in the boiler in the boiler, the waste heat water circulating pump pumps into heat exchanger with the cold water that water supply tank comes simultaneously, hot water is additional to be entered in the boiler via becoming behind the heat exchanger, makes the water level of pressurize standpipe maintain desired location; After a boiler feedwater puts in place, boiler feed pump stops to supply water, the waste heat water circulating pump starts shipment by the temperature sensor control that is arranged in the flue later on, when the detected temperature of temperature sensor is lower than the temperature that needs heat exchanger operation with stoppage in transit waste heat water circulating pump, the waste heat water circulating pump will put into operation when the detected temperature of temperature sensor is higher than the temperature that needs the heat exchanger operation, to stop the water in the boiler to reflux by the check device that is installed in the connecting line between boiler and the heat exchanger after the waste heat water circulating pump is stopped transport, and keep the hydraulic pressure of boiler by the water level of pressurize standpipe; Startup moment when starting boiler feed pump once more to boiler water supply, the cavitation erosion when preventing the boiler feedwater pump startup by the formed hydraulic pressure of pressurize standpipe.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: reclaim the instant required make-up water of heat heating boiler in the high-temperature flue gas, no cavitation high-temperature water advances boiler through boiler feed pump; Need not set up the high-order feed-water tank of high temperature, make, mounting cost is few, boiler needs how much water of supply, and how much hot water it just produces, and makes the feed water temperature of boiler the highest, the energy-saving efficiency height; Its hot water stockage is few, and volume is little, and the appearance area of dissipation is few, and heat radiation is few, can purify flue gas simultaneously, and energy-conserving and environment-protective kill two birds with one stone.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the another kind of embodiment of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Be described further below in conjunction with accompanying drawing
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention relates to a kind of boiler afterheat that prevents and reclaim the method that hot water makes the boiler feed pump cavitation, a heat exchanger is set in the outlet pipe section of flue, the flue gas that boiler is discharged earlier through with heat exchanger in water carry out discharging again after the heat exchange; Heat exchanger carries out heat exchange by input cold water, and the cold water in the heat exchanger is provided by the water supply tank of boiler; The flue gas heat exchange of cold water in over-heat-exchanger becomes hot water, sent into by the waste heat water circulating pump in the boiler that has insulation, is transported to boiler feed pump from the boiler bottom by pipeline again again, by boiler feed pump as the water source to boiler water supply; Be provided with a pressurizer on the boiler side, pressurizer is communicated with boiler by pipeline, and pressurizer can guarantee when the boiler feedwater pump startup that boiler feed pump has the hydraulic pressure that prevents pump hot water generation cavitation.Described pressurizer is the mechanical type pressurizer, is a kind of pressurizer by pressure that water level forms; Concrete pressurizer can be in system and device, substantially become on the platform of level with boiler below boiler being arranged on the horizontal plane of heat exchanger, the pressurize of boiler is by on the boiler side one pressurize standpipe being set, the pressurize standpipe is communicated with by pipeline with boiler, at the waste heat water circulating pump during to boiler pump hot water, the pressurize standpipe is under the pump function of waste heat water circulating pump, its water level will raise along with the increase of pump pressure, and can keep boiler to have when the waste heat water circulating pump is out of service enough preventing boiler feed pump from producing the required pressure of cavitation; Moment when the boiler feedwater pump startup produces cavitation when preventing the boiler feedwater pump startup by the pressurize standpipe for hydraulic pressure that boiler provided.Described pressurize standpipe can stand vertically, but also can be oblique layout; Pressurize standpipe vertical height prevents that according to boiler feed pump the required hydraulic pressure of hot water cavitation is converted into water-column by force and determines; Top at the pressurize standpipe is provided with emptying device, emptying device directly communicates with atmosphere, to prevent the hypertonia of boiler, and be connected to the bypass leak-off pipe in the pressurize riser top, leak-off pipe communicates with the water supply tank of boiler, when the hypertonia of boiler, the hot water that covers the pressurize riser top will flow into the boiler replenishing water case by leak-off pipe; In order to prevent that the hot water when the waste heat water circulating pump quits work from refluxing, in the connecting line of boiler and waste heat water circulating pump, be provided with the check device that prevents that hot water from refluxing, when quitting work, the waste heat water circulating pump can prevent effectively that hot water from refluxing.
Embodiment one
Prevent that according to said method proposed boiler afterheat from reclaiming device that hot water makes the boiler feed pump cavitation as shown in Figure 2, comprise boiler body 1, on boiler body 1, be provided with flue discharge pipe 4, in flue discharge pipeline section 4, heat exchanger 5 is installed, heat exchanger 5 is a water-cooled heat exchanger, the water inlet of heat exchanger 5 is communicated with water supply tank 10, and heat exchanger 5 is by water supply tank 10 moisturizings; The delivery port of heat exchanger 5 is communicated with by pipeline 8 with an external boiler 9, and pass through waste heat water circulating pump 7 and extract the hot water in the heat exchanger 5 out injection boiler 9, the bottom of boiler 9 is provided with hot water outlet, the hot water outlet of boiler 9 links to each other with the inlet of boiler feed pump 2 by pipeline 15, and the outlet of boiler feed pump 2 supplies water for boiler body 1 by pipeline 3; Be provided with a pressurizer on boiler 9 sides, pressurizer is communicated with boiler 9 by pipeline, and pressurizer can guarantee when the boiler feedwater pump startup that boiler feed pump has the hydraulic pressure that prevents pump hot water generation cavitation.Described pressurizer is the mechanical type pressurizer, is a kind of pressurizer by pressure that water level forms; Concrete pressurizer can be in system and device, substantially become on the platform of level with boiler body 1 below boiler 9 being arranged on the horizontal plane of heat exchanger 5, the pressurize of boiler 9 is by on boiler 9 sides one pressurize standpipes 12 being set, pressurize standpipe 12 and boiler 9 are communicated with by pipeline, at waste heat water circulating pump 7 during to boiler 9 pump hot water, pressurize standpipe 12 is under the pump function of waste heat water circulating pump 7, its water level will raise along with the increase of pump pressure, and can keep boiler to have when waste heat water circulating pump 7 is out of service preventing that enough boiler feed pump from producing the required pressure of cavitation; Moment when boiler feed pump 2 starts produces cavitation when preventing the boiler feedwater pump startup by pressurize standpipe 12 for hydraulic pressure that boiler provided.Described pressurize standpipe 12 can stand vertically, but also can be oblique layout; Pressurize standpipe 12 vertical heights prevent that according to boiler feed pump the required hydraulic pressure of hot water cavitation is converted into water-column by force and determines; Top at pressurize standpipe 12 is provided with emptying device 14, emptying device 14 directly communicates with atmosphere, to prevent the hypertonia of boiler 9, and be connected to bypass leak-off pipe 13 at pressurize standpipe 12 tops, leak-off pipe 13 communicates with the water supply tank 10 of boiler, when the hypertonia of boiler 9, the hot water that covers pressurize standpipe 12 tops will flow into boiler replenishing water casees 10 by leak-off pipe 3; In order to prevent that the hot water when waste heat water circulating pump 7 quits work from refluxing, in the connecting line of boiler and waste heat water circulating pump, be provided with the check device 11 that prevents that hot water from refluxing, when quitting work, waste heat water circulating pump 7 can prevent effectively that hot water from refluxing.Be provided with smoke temperature controller 16 in the discharge flue 6 after heat exchanger 5, record the temperature of smoke in the flue by smoke temperature controller 16, thus the startup of control waste heat water circulating pump 7 or close.When the smoke temperature surpassed setting value, waste heat water circulating pump 7 started; When the smoke temperature was lower than setting value, waste heat water circulating pump 7 was out of service, and carry out pressurize by pressurizer to boiler this moment.
Application by reality, on two tons of horizontal gas fired-boilers, boiler design pressure 1.3MPa, this boiler is transformed, on the original smokejack of boiler, installed this contrive equipment additional, observed trial run 1 year, advanced boiler water and can be preheating to about 90 ℃, exhaust gas temperature can drop to below 55 ℃, and ton steam-natural gas saving rate reaches more than 8%.
Embodiment two
The basic structure of present embodiment is consistent with embodiment one, and just pipeline is arranged some difference a little.In this embodiment, in the water supply line 15 that boiler is connected with boiler feed pump, be connected to a loop branch pipe 18,18 1 of loop branch pipes communicate with water supply line 15 under the boiler, the other end communicates with the water supply suction line of waste heat water circulating pump 7, the suction pipeline section of while at the water supply suction line of waste heat water circulating pump 7 is provided with electric control one-way valve 17, electric control one-way valve 17 is closed under the situation of the water abundance of boiler 9, not conducting, make heat exchanger 5, form a unidirectional closed circuit between waste heat water circulating pump 7 and the boiler 9, can further improve the water temperature of boiler like this; For anti-sealing directly flows into boiler feed pump 2 from loop branch pipe 18, among the pipeline section of loop branch pipe 18, be provided with circulation check valve 19 simultaneously.