CN102226414B - Active steam turbine - Google Patents
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- CN102226414B CN102226414B CN201110124795.3A CN201110124795A CN102226414B CN 102226414 B CN102226414 B CN 102226414B CN 201110124795 A CN201110124795 A CN 201110124795A CN 102226414 B CN102226414 B CN 102226414B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an active steam turbine, namely a backward impulsive and self-rotating steam turbine. Compared with the existing axial flow steam turbine, the structure forms are different, besides, the work done modes are different, i.e., a rotor sprays steam to push the rotor to rotate; and the special difference is that the energy is greatly saved, and energy conservation year-to-year is not less than 30%. The steam turbine is characterized in that the steam turbine is small in volume and simple in structure, the utilization ratio of the work done gas is 100%, and work done can be performed on the maximal effect point without any loss in grade and inner loss; and although the steam consumption amount of the steam turbine is less, the generated axial power is great. The steam turbine has the characteristics that energy can be greatly saved (water conservation); the device is small in volume and light in weight; the construction is simple; the manufacturing of the device does not refer to highly difficult technologies and materials; and the fault possibility is low and the service lift is long; the weight lose and consumption reduction of subsequent devices and facilities can be realized, besides the high energy conservation benefit can be obtained, and considerable indirect benefits can be obtained, thus the steam turbine is considered to have the chance to obtain high additional value at the early stage, or has a market prospect of arousing global updating and upgrading.
Description
Technical field
For generating, peculiar to vessel etc.
Background technique
The steam turbine application history of existing 118 years, even to this day and even in the future, is still the power plant of not replacing.Because the large thermal efficiency of its consumption of steam is low, though through unremitting optimization of successive dynasties, because some is to belong to geneogenous " physiology " problem, until still there are many defects of failing to overcome now.Taking active service xial flow steam turbine as example: as nozzle loss, moving blade loss, leakage losses etc., reach 9 more than.
Think: the problems referred to above become the principal element that the thermal efficiency is low not enough, its principal element should be to exist four larger mechanism of impact to fall effect problem: 1. the effective rate of utilization of work done gas does not reach 100%, and it is mainly that the Ullage of spacing with blades and the gap of blade and cylinder body border make the idle and mistake of a part of steam flow.2. the thrust kinetic energy of gas depends on speed to give birth to, but level in stator blade structure force the steam flow several years of high potential energy to be turned back, make its work done usefulness have certain in-fighting.3. the point of action of gas work done is uneven, fails to concentrate on a best use of point, causes equal function can not generate equal effect, and occupies the majority.4. the direction that movable vane acquisition power can act on and the work done direction of movable vane are inconsistent, are 90 °, and the effect that its power can be acted on has larger reduction (theoretical reduction amount answers 30%).
The moral character problem that steam turbine consumes energy high, if in the epoch that the energy is unlimited in the past, a just normal needs of problems, but be extended to the present " epoch that the energy is increasingly in short supply ", be focused into the principle matter that is difficult to bear.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the defect of steam turbine highly energy-consuming, the invention provides a kind of active steam turbine.Also can claim: self-rotary steam turbine.Taking this machine performance characteristic also can full name as: recoil is moving, self-rotary steam turbine.This machine is compared except structural type is different from active service xial flow steam turbine, its work done mode in contrast---rotor self spray vapour promotes own rotation.Its special difference part is exactly significantly energy-conservation, energy-conservationly on year-on-year basis should be not less than 30%.Its technical characteristics is: volume is little, and simple structure, though these facility have the large feature of consumption of steam little generation air horsepower.Concrete scheme is as follows:
This steam turbine, only establishes a monomer slab-like rotor, rotor on-bladed, but several spray vapour locks are housed.The main body of rotor is " discus " shape cavity disk, and disk is point drum for each nozzle steam supply, in air-cored axis's infeed dish of work done gas by rotor one end.When work done, rotor self sprays gas, and the jet of ejection is subject to the reverse blocking of cylinder body reaction structure, makes it drive rotor rotation and produce thrust.
The measure that this case is mainly taked is: be first by work done gas, all focus on summit (moment loading maximum point) the salvo eruption of rotor.Two, steam turbine casing inwall is covered with the horizontal tooth bar of broken line (little sawtooth) shape, to be the super coarse power of holding interface hit steam flow to spray to densely covered tooth bar stronger reverse blocking.Three, the gap control of nozzle and tooth bar is to minimum, so that gas exoenergic reaction Range compress causes responsiveness to rise to minimum is strong, and before and after spout, is provided with screening and penetrates plate, discreteness that can confined jet and reduce idle escape.
Outside, due to the structural feature of this type, also obtain important supporting factor at hoisting work efficacious prescriptions face:
1. kinetic energy compensating jet is positioned at rotor outward edge, and under the state of rotor high-speed rotation, the gas in nozzle is subject to surging centrifugal action, can make work done gas in the time of ejection, obtain a high-octane acceleration potential energy.
2. work done usefulness turns to consistent (belonging to straight line work done) without the stressed of this machine rotor of reduction and work done rotation direction with power output shaft, and work done usefulness is not subject to reduction.
3. come into force the continuously Point of Strength of this machine rotor jet work done of work done effect is cylinder barrel, and cylindrical shell is overall structure voidlessness interval, and jet work done is effective constantly.Not producing invalid sky penetrates.
Without this machine steam line of pipe loss entering in machine section without any bending, put in place for straight-through.Although steam flow is obstructed and need turns back because of rectilinear direction in the terminal (entering drum chamber) of pipeline, this place is larger cavity, and saturation is larger, and the steam flow path of turning back is 360 ° of omnidirectionals, easily evacuates.Outside, rotor has blower fan effect, and steam flow ingress is negative pressure field, has certain suction effect to entering chamber gas.
This type critical piece has: cylinder casing, spray vapour rotor, air-cored axis, equal pressure leakproof seal and blow-off line.Its structure intention is as follows:
One. cylinder casing is steam turbine main body part.Profile is isometrical cylinder circle housing, and bottom is provided with support, and there is curvecd surface type capping the cylinder body left and right sides, and a blow-off line is respectively equipped with in both sides capping.Along border, (just horizontal) is covered with little triangle tooth bar to cylinder circle inwall.
Cylinder, except being responsible for the gas transporting after work done to next stage device, is also the power of the holding body of rotor spray vapour work done.The tooth bar of cylinder circle inwall is the anti-drag structure of rotor-injection steam flow, and tooth bar answers that the triangle of vapour face is domatic certain inclination requirement, and it is best for fixed to jet reverse blocking that its angle should reach.The cross section of tooth bar should be appropriate tiny, and pinion rack can reduce the injection amount of work done gas, to improve wheel efficiency.The exhaust vent of housing is located at outer circle place, leans on, because the shower nozzle of rotor has the effect of fan leaf, the discharge of the stronger favourable gas of this position barotropic field outside not affecting spray work done in the situation that as far as possible.Outside, the effect of blower fan can make cylinder internal air pressure reduce and make to export steam flow to accelerate, and is of value to the work done of the machine and low-level device.
Two. spray vapour rotor is the core component of steam turbine.Formed by cavity disk and "T"-shaped shower nozzle.Shower nozzle is made up of nozzle, steam passage.
Disk is point drum for each shower nozzle spray steam supply, and drum is straight-through by arc steam passage and the spout of shower nozzle, and the vapour source of work done feeds drum by air-cored axis.The diameter of disk will have certain dwindling than housing internal diameter, to reserve the space of shower nozzle.The chamber of drum is the thicker periphery attenuation in middle part.The thick steam volume that can expand greatly of middle cavities to be to reach the super full steam supply capacity closing, and can reduce the resistance of turning back into bag gas.The attenuation of limit portion: the one,, reduce steam chest nest vapour amount.The 2nd,, the back cavity of steam passage entrance narrows and can make top gas be obstructed in freely curling up, and is conducive to gas and pours steam passage.The quantity of shower nozzle is too much unsuitable, varies in size and establishes 4-6 as suitable taking type.The upper end portion of shower nozzle is nozzle, and the length and width of nozzle end face are: long to cylinder chamber with wide (slightly gap), wide is flat side's rectangle to the thin narrow plane of appropriateness.The neck of shower nozzle is steam passage, and steam passage has the arc inclination angle of leaning forward, and inclination is 60 ° of left and right, and steam passage intracavity section changes greatly, and cross-sectional side is that cattle horn shape forward is analysed and observe for the typhon degree of lip-rounding.Cattle horn shape steam passage will have suitable straight section at nearly nozzle, sprays impulse force to be conducive to increasing strength.Both sides will have certain extension width to act as to hide and penetrate plate before and after spout, and object is that to reduce slipping of work done jet loose.The gap control of nozzle and tooth bar, to the smaller the better, generates maximum power energy to realize in the situation that economizing vapour most.
Three. air-cored axis is semiaxis.(this rotor is supported by two semiaxis, and wherein a Ce Shi air-cored axis opposite side is real mandrel.) air-cored axis is that the frame vertical shaft of rotor one side is also the parts to drum steam supply.Air-cored axis jumps isometrical, only with come that steam pipe road joint is little one section of appropriate undergauge.
The caliber of air-cored axis with come steam pipe road and be equal to, one end and rotor are affixed, the other end need with come steam pipe road dock its overhang should not be oversize, to ensure the stable property of termination.Because this butt joint has one end transfixion, the particularity of the other end High Rotation Speed, the special measure of essential employing.This case adopts relative Sealing Method (not reaching definitely): 1. by near section of adjacent both interfaces appropriate gradual change undergauge, make this place's overcurrent accelerate to reduce side pressure.2. docking port is made tapered spigot and socket type, and carrying out steam pipe is conehead, inserts in air-cored axis.3. docking port periphery adds " equal pressure " leakproof seal.
Four. equal pressure leakproof seal is restriction air-cored axis and the locking device that carrys out steam pipe road docking port leakage vapour.Structural member has: two blue dishes, multiple sleeve pipes, a pressurising pipe." equipressure " refer to interface peripherals form one with the environment of overpressure equity, the material in pipe does not leak, the material outside pipe is not invaded.
Leakproof seal, adopts the cooling mechanism mode of water circulation.Cycling condition is: utilize the sleeve pipe of innermost layer and this place's undergauge and the cavity that forms as pressure accumulating chamber, indoor water filling.Make water and injected in pressure accumulating chamber by pressurising pipe, the water of doing in pressure accumulating chamber is discharged in the path of right angle turnover repeatedly along the gap of multilayer sleeve; Effect hydromining soft water, adopts the object that water is circulatory mediator: the one, and, material cheapness and physical stability be good, it is easy to boost.The 2nd,, water and steam are same substance, once there is the unlikely character to steam of intrusion to have a negative impact.In addition, leakproof seal also belongs to the rotating component running up, and that water has is lubricated, the effect of cooling, is conducive to this parts continuous operation.
Five. blow-off line is the interior pressure release of cylinder and draws downstream the defeated vapour device sending.Body pipeline is established two altogether, converges into one after disembarking.
Body pipeline and the capping of housing both sides are joined, and pipeline merges into one after disembarking at perigee.The root of blow-off line will have appropriate enlarged footing so that gas pours into, and what each section of caliber was equal determine meal with wine will require be as the criterion with pressure release.
Significantly energy-conservation (water saving) of this type steam turbine, and the equipment scale of construction is little, simple structure, manufactures and does not relate to high-leveled and difficult technology and material, and should have the feature of the low long service life of solid barrier probability.Also can realize follow-up device and facility fat-reducing, subtract consumption, except obtaining the high energy-conservation benefit of the machine, also should obtain considerable indirect benefit.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: realize steam turbine significantly energy-conservation, and significantly produce associated comprehensive benefit.
Figure of description
Fig. 1 is active steam turbine sectional elevation schematic diagram.Arrow is sense of rotation.
Fig. 2 is the flat generalized section of active steam turbine.Arrow is that overcurrent flows to.
Fig. 3 is equal pressure leakproof seal section, schematic cross-section.Arrow is that overcurrent flows to.
Fig. 4 is that blow-off line is arranged schematic diagram.Arrow is that overcurrent flows to.
Institute's note in figure:
1. spray vapour rotor.2. a circle.3. capping.4. disk.5. steam passage.6. nozzle.7. hide and penetrate plate.8. steam inlet.9. tooth bar.10. shower nozzle.11. real mandrels.12. air-cored axis.13. leakproof seals.The blue dish of 14. sealing.15. insert big envelope pipe.16. pressure accumulating chamber.17. pressurising pipes.18. taper socket joint heads.19. blow-off lines.20. come steam pipe road.21. carry out vapour support of pipelines.22. supports.
Embodiment
This type steam turbine, adopts extra high pressure steam, and initial steam pressure is 12-14mpa.Rotating speed should be greater than 3000 revs/min.
This machine critical piece: cylinder casing, spray vapour rotor, air-cored axis's (leakproof end socket) and blow-off line structure require as follows:
One. cylinder casing housing is made up of isometrical cylinder circle 2, left and right sides capping 3 and support 22.Cylinder circle should have certain wall thickness, and inner side is integrated and processes with stack shell along the little triangle tooth bar 9 of border, and tooth bar height is advisable with 5mm left and right.Triangle tooth bar be spray work done hold force, the inclination angle angle of reply steam flow one side, experiment effect and determines.Cylinder circle heat radially must not have inhomogeneous deformation after expanding, to keep and the minimum clearance of rotor.If disjunctor support diameter has to distortion the time of impact, can consider Split assembled, adopt multi-point support, embrace and be with fixing or adopt limb frame form to be located in the capping of both sides.Outside, when design, also should consider to utilize capping to retrain control to the inhomogeneous deformation of cylinder circle.
Cave in arc groove structure of the ring-type of capping 3: the one, be the amount of choking with resentment reducing in cylinder, the 2nd, be the compensation rate that swollen circle distortion is laid in.
Support 22 will have certain lengthening in air-cored axis's one side, and the object of lengthening is that the support in steam pipe road is in the future fixed on support, forms good integrality so that carry out the joint of steam pipe road and air-cored axis.
Two. spray vapour rotor spray vapour rotor 1 is made up of a cavity disk 4 and several "T"-shaped shower nozzles 10.The cavity middle part evagination as far as possible of disk, to strengthen steam chest capacity, and the running of favourable rotor is stable.The steam inlet 8 (seeing figure bis-) of disk is toroidal, to reduce or eliminate the gas resistance of turning back.The cavity at disk top will narrow radial cross section as far as possible and be fertile date core shaped, but will have enough width with the top section, chamber of steam passage 5 jointings, to ensure the requirement of steam supply flow.In addition, in order not make to enter the room steam flow at the depression position on entrance opposite generation eddy current and produce in-fighting, if desired the structural model of steam inlet part is changed into the second mode of structure: make depression position into spirogyrate, form point vapour structure of an appropriate taper, to after steam inlet appropriateness, move simultaneously, narrow and small with unlikely steam inlet.
The quality of spacing, figure's shape and each shower nozzle of shower nozzle is essential impartial, reach absolute rotary balance.The neck of shower nozzle 10 is steam passages 5, is also the key structure of power transmission, except will also ensureing enough force intensitys that is subject to reach the effect of best steam supply.The steam jet of nozzle 6 is elongated narrow slit, sealing is wide is that about 5mm is parallel with nozzle, and sealing two ends are not uncovered but edge sealing should be slightly thin, and steam jet weakens relatively because of the long rigidity of straight joint, may produce micro-shaking, need add in centre if desired the least possible and spray vapour jet is affected to minimum tie point.The lip of spout should slightly close up, but interior expansion slope should not be excessive to avoid producing serious scattering.The inflow-rate of water turbine that the length of steam jet is distributed according to each spout and setting.The width of shower nozzle and the molded breadth of housing are all inferred according to the specification of spout length.The gap of end face, both sides and the housing of shower nozzle is taking little as good.
Plate 7 is penetrated in screening on shower nozzle 10, is the device that stops jet to splash, and has the effect that reduces non-power consumption loss.Its plate body is first-selected is integrated (separately establishing if desired) with shower nozzle, and the width of plate body will be with till covering surging scattering.
Spray vapour rotor 1 is the key factor that determines degree of power conservation with a gap for cylinder circle 2, if when after body foot heat, degrees of expansion is inconsistent (both rotor was little, shell is large), also to consider by nozzle or screening penetrate plate make can auto-compensation function.
Three. the internal diameter of air-cored axis of air-cored axis 12 should be equal to the internal diameter that comes steam pipe road 20, and spindle nose revealed section shortens as far as possible, if situation allows, by leakproof seal 13, near housing, sealing is better.Both must be concentric in Butt Section with coming steam pipe road 20 in air-cored axis 12.In addition, for ensureing the leakproofness of docking port, steam pipe road, two terminations of air-cored axis are contained on a support in the future if desired, with the longitudinal expansive force that prevents sealing structure, docking port 18 are expanded to seam.Taper socket joint head 18 its taperings of both pipeline joints are advisable to be not more than 30 °.The material of taper socket joint head and processing will be done special disposal, and both interface wanted tight, material is wear-resisting.
The sealing of air-cored axis and real mandrel 11 should adopt the sealing mode of similar routine.
Equal pressure leakproof seal 13 is constructed: sealing is made up of the blue dish of two of first, second 14, at least four slotting big envelope cylinders 15 and a pressurising pipe 17.The blue dish of first is fixed in air-cored axis 12, and the blue dish of second is fixed on steam pipe road 20.The blue dish of first, second mutual certain distance, between several sleeves 15 of ascending inserting are continuously set, sleeve is by being made into two groups every the set of specifications of a jumping, its every group of number equity, one group to be fixed on the blue dish of first upper, another group is fixed on that second is blue coils.After two groups of sleeves close and insert in the situation that ensureing that not affecting sleeve after sufficient heat rotates, dwindle between each sleeve as far as possible and sleeve top and blue coiling between gap, to reduce as much as possible the circulating load of making water.Insert the unsuitable long of big envelope pipe, to avoid the obstacle that rotates, if the number of plies that the bad appropriate to the occasion employing of sealing effect increases sleeve is controlled.Pressurising pipe 17 is introduced pressure accumulating chamber 16 by the root of the blue dish of second.The note equipment that supplies of pressurising water need be established special purpose device, the precision property that pressurizing device must have trace to adjust, pressurising equipment is carried out the automatic manipulation of normality by the electric controller of automatic voltage regulation, the frequency conversion parameter of electric controller is obtained instruction by the pressure transducer that is located on steam pipe road.Pressure transducer is to ensure, first of isobaric key, highly sensitive reliable operation, and necessity is to establish two-way.。
Four. blow-off line blow-off line 19 docks with capping 3.If structure allows not affect in the situation of work done, the root of exhaust vent directly should be formed in capping, can make output pipeline disembark first section do not need to go for a stroll and directly to downstream line for better.
The bore of blow-off line: the cross section that random section is two and, be greater than the cross section in steam pipe road, the cross section of the single pipe after converging should be greater than two pipeline sums.
This scheme, to promote utilization ratio and the functionality of gas, reduces consumption of steam in a large number and realize; To eliminate all kinds of losses and in-fighting, reduce invalid power consumption and realize; With simplified construction structure, and realize the component that reduce many high-leveled and difficult property.Make it to hold concurrently aspect cost, operation, life-span and follow up device and facility, all produce economic advantages.
For making full use of heat energy, in this type steam turbine global schema, establish two to three grades of same devices.This case is chopped-off head, and follow-up device falls effect and changes also difference to some extent of its device type because work done gas has.Follow-up scheme is in arrangement.
Claims (6)
1. an active steam turbine, it is characterized in that: rotor self spray vapour promotes oneself rotation, spray vapour rotor (1) is made up of a cavity sheet disk (4) and several "T"-shaped shower nozzles (10), cylinder casing is made up of isometrical cylinder circle (2) and both sides curvecd surface type cappings (3), cylinder circle (2) inner side is the triangle tooth bar (9) processing with cylinder circle stack shell one, spray vapour rotor (1) is supported by two different semiaxis, wherein a side is air-cored axis (12), opposite side is real mandrel (11), air-cored axis (12) double as steam line and with come steam pipe road (20) and dock, both have gradual change undergauge to a certain degree its joint, the docking form of two pipelines is taper socket joint head (18), the outer columned leakproof seal (13) that is arranged with of docking port, leakproof seal (13) is provided with a pressurising pipe (17) at the blue dish of sealing (14) root that carrys out steam pipe road one side, respectively there is a blow-off line (19) body both sides, underpart is provided with support (22), the support (21) that comes steam pipe road is located on support.
2. a kind of active steam turbine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described cavity sheet disk (4) is the main body of spray vapour rotor (1), it is the parent that some shower nozzles (10) are set, also be point vapour device for each shower nozzle (10) steam supply, and be the work done parts that directly drive real mandrel (11) rotation, cavity sheet disk (4) is for point drum to each shower nozzle (10) steam supply, disk entirety is cavity, chamber middle part is compared with the attenuation of webbing portion, one side of cavity sheet disk (4) has a steam inlet (8), several "T"-shaped shower nozzles (10) are equipped with at the outer rim top of cavity sheet disk (4).
3. a kind of active steam turbine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described several "T"-shaped shower nozzles (10) have certain inclination angle with respect to the opposite direction of rotor direction, shower nozzle is made up of steam passage and nozzle, the side direction section of the steam passage (5) of shower nozzle is cattle horn shape, and the forward section of steam passage (5) is toroidal.
4. a kind of active steam turbine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described triangle tooth bar (9), be used for spraying the Point of Strength of vapour rotor (1) spray vapour work done, triangle tooth bar (9) is covered with along border, cylinder circle (2) inner side.
5. a kind of active steam turbine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: air-cored axis (12) one end is affixed integral with spray vapour rotor (1), the other end with come steam pipe road (20) slide dock, there is one section of undergauge the critical termination of docking point, the tapered bellmouth in port of docking.
6. a kind of active steam turbine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: for stoping air-cored axis (12) and carrying out steam pipe road (20) docking port leakage vapour, columned leakproof seal (13) two ends are respectively provided with a blue dish of sealing (14), between the blue dish of sealing (14), be provided with multilayer to inserting semi-closed casing (15), the cavity that the sleeve pipe of innermost layer and docking port outside form is as pressure accumulating chamber (16), and the root that carrys out the blue dish of sealing of steam pipe road one side is provided with one for the pressurising pipe (17) to pressure accumulating chamber (16) water filling.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110124795.3A CN102226414B (en) | 2011-05-16 | 2011-05-16 | Active steam turbine |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201110124795.3A CN102226414B (en) | 2011-05-16 | 2011-05-16 | Active steam turbine |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN102226414A CN102226414A (en) | 2011-10-26 |
| CN102226414B true CN102226414B (en) | 2014-10-22 |
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| CN201110124795.3A Expired - Fee Related CN102226414B (en) | 2011-05-16 | 2011-05-16 | Active steam turbine |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102606220B (en) * | 2012-04-10 | 2016-03-02 | 山东能特异能源科技有限公司 | Pipeline type steam turbine rotor |
| CN103758580B (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2016-06-22 | 石智勇 | Churning stator recoil turbine |
| CN106285943B (en) * | 2016-09-05 | 2017-08-25 | 邓小波 | Turbine |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1101398A (en) * | 1993-10-05 | 1995-04-12 | 王建伟 | Jet rotor engine |
| US6565310B1 (en) * | 2001-03-15 | 2003-05-20 | Robert Davidow | Steam-powered rotary engine |
| CN200989219Y (en) * | 2006-09-14 | 2007-12-12 | 胡纯刚 | Multihole spraying steam turbine |
| CN101918677A (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2010-12-15 | 五十铃自动车株式会社 | Jet steam engine |
| CN201292864Y (en) * | 2008-07-23 | 2009-08-19 | 昆明理工大学 | Turbine installation for low-temperature heat energy power generation and industrial overpressure power recovery for low boiling point working substance |
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|---|---|
| CN102226414A (en) | 2011-10-26 |
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