CN102225793B - Method for removing ammonia nitrogen, nitrogen nitrate and nitrogen nitrite in water synchronously - Google Patents

Method for removing ammonia nitrogen, nitrogen nitrate and nitrogen nitrite in water synchronously Download PDF

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CN102225793B
CN102225793B CN2011100883398A CN201110088339A CN102225793B CN 102225793 B CN102225793 B CN 102225793B CN 2011100883398 A CN2011100883398 A CN 2011100883398A CN 201110088339 A CN201110088339 A CN 201110088339A CN 102225793 B CN102225793 B CN 102225793B
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nitrogen
water
nitrite
nitrate
ammonia nitrogen
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马军
岳思阳
李旭春
关英红
陈丽玮
刘桂芳
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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Abstract

A method for removing ammonia nitrogen, nitrogen nitrate and nitrogen nitrite in water synchronously. The invention relates to a method for removing ammonia nitrogen, nitrogen nitrate and nitrogen nitrite in water synchronously. Through the invention, the technical problems that nitrogen in three forms can not be removed synchronously through the existing method removing ammonia nitrogen, nitrogen nitrate and nitrogen nitrite in water and the existing method is complex in operation and can produce a secondary pollution thus can not be utilized in drinking water treatment are solved. In the invention, water needing to be treated is subjected to a PH adjusting process and a dissolved oxygen control process, and then is radiated by ultraviolet light with a wavelength in the range of 150 to 260 nm. The method can remove ammonia nitrogen, nitrogen nitrate and nitrogen nitrite synchronously without multistage removal, expensive oxidizing agents and catalysts, no secondary pollution and no subsequent process, and show the characteristics of safety, convenience, economy and high efficiency while removing nitrogen in three forms. Therefore, the method can be utilized for treatments of underground water, drinking water, water discharged from sewage treatment plants, industrial water and domestic water, and the remediation of natural water body.

Description

The method of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in a kind of synchronous removal water
Technical field
The present invention relates to remove the method for ammonia nitrogen in the water, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen.
Background technology
Ammonia nitrogen extensively exists in the liquid effluent of trade effluent, and the extensive chemical fertilizer that uses also can cause the pollution of area source of ammonia nitrogen in the agricultural.Ammonia nitrogen in the water body can cause the eutrophication in lake and river, and water body natural ecological environment and aquaculture are produced harm.Simultaneously, ammonia nitrogen also can burn into blocking pipe and watering equipment, and ammonia nitrogen in high density can react with water treatment sterilizing agent chlorine, and the consumption of aqueous disinfectant is increased greatly, and produces the disgusting flavor of smelling.Composition such as ammonia nitrogen can change into nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen under certain condition in the water, influences drinking-water quality safety, and HUMAN HEALTH is caused serious harm, brings out methemoglobinemia and produces carcinogenic NSC 223080.According to China's drinking water sanitary standard in 2006, the safe level of ammonia nitrogen is that 0.5mg/L, nitrate salt are 10mg/L in the tap water.Therefore, be necessary very much ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the water this " three nitrogen " are removed.
At present, the removal method to " three nitrogen " mainly contains biological denitrificaion method, air stripping method, ion exchange method, catalytic oxidation, break point chlorination, chemical reduction method etc.Though existing method can both be carried out removal to a certain degree to " three nitrogen ", the whole bag of tricks all has certain drawback.
The biological denitrificaion method is under various microbial processs, and series reaction such as process is nitrated, denitrification are converted into nitrogen with the ammonia nitrogen in the waste water, thereby reach the purpose of waste water treatment.Its main drawback is: floor space is big, and oxygen requirement is big, and some objectionable impurities such as heavy metal ion etc. have restraining effect to mikrobe, needs before carrying out biological process, to remove." three nitrogen " removed simultaneously in the water needs multilevel processing technology, and method is complicated, is not suitable in the tap water.
Air stripping method is in system, to add enough alkali, and the ammonia nitrogen in the water is existed with the unionized attitude, utilizes air that ammonia nitrogen is blown out.Its deficiency is: blow-off method is prone to make the packing layer fouling, influences the operation of equipment; When water temperature was hanged down, stripping efficient was low; Stripping also need be adjusted back waste water ph after accomplishing.In addition, still contain little ammonia in the waste water after stripping is handled, usually can not qualified discharge, so blow-off method usually as the pretreatment process of high-concentration ammonia nitrogenous wastewater, the method complicacy.This method can not be used for the removal of nitrate salt and nitrite, also is not suitable in tap water, using.
Ion exchange method is through ion being had the very strong method of selecting adsorbing material to remove " three nitrogen " in the waste water.When its main drawback was the treatment of high concentration ammonia nitrogen waste water, regeneration, backwash was frequent, also needs carry out pre-treatment to former water, and processing cost is high, and the regenerated liquid of generation must be handled, and can cause secondary pollution.In addition, the removal of negatively charged ion (nitrite anions and nitrate radical), positively charged ion (ammonium radical ion) will be handled with resin of different nature, and operational management is complicated, and method is complicated.
Catalytic oxidation is meant and utilizes catalyzer and oxygenant coupling, produces the radical of strong oxidizing property, and organism in the water and ammonia selective oxidation are resolved into CO 2, N 2And H 2Innoxious substances such as O reach the purpose of purification.Its main drawback is: need to add a large amount of oxygenants, the recovery of catalyzer is run off and is had some problems with utilizing to wait again, and method is complicated, influences the stability of this technology.It can only realize the removal of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the water, can not remove nitrate salt.
Break point chlorination is meant and in waste water, feeds finite concentration chlorine, realizes the removal of ammonia nitrogen.Its main drawback is: the use of liquid chlorine is high to security requirement with storage; The water that produces need add the alkali neutralization, and processing cost is high; Residual chlorine, by product chloramines and chlorination organism can cause secondary pollution; Can not remove nitrate salt in this process, method is complicated.
Chemical reduction method is to utilize certain reductive agent that nitrate salt and nitrite are converted into the method for nitrogen, also can realize catalytic reduction through adding catalyzer.When it is mainly not enough: can only remove nitrate salt and nitrite, but can not realize the removal of ammonia nitrogen.In addition, the reductive agent of adding also need carry out the removal processing of ammonia nitrogen.
In addition; The ultraviolet treatment technology, as a kind of emerging water technology, safe, efficient, simple to operate; Be used for sterilizing process on a large scale; Be to utilize UV-light control pollutent such as bromate in the Chinese patent of CN 201567248U like publication number, but handle also do not have bibliographical information both at home and abroad for the ultraviolet of " three nitrogen " in the water.
Summary of the invention
The present invention will solve the technical problem that the method complicated operation of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the existing removal water can't be removed, possibly produce secondary pollution synchronously to " three nitrogen ", can't be applied to drinking water treatment, and the method for ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in a kind of synchronous removal water is provided.
The method of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen is in a kind of synchronous removal water of the present invention: the pH value with staying water is adjusted to 3~11 earlier; Dissolved oxygen content is adjusted to 0.1mg/L~40mg/L, and then uses the treatment with ultraviolet light of wavelength as 150nm~260nm.
It is the UV-light illumination of 150nm~260nm that the present invention selects wavelength for use, realizes the synchronous removal of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen.Be under the irradiation of UV-light of 150nm~260nm at wavelength; After nitrate ion
Figure BDA0000054502320000021
and nitrite ion
Figure BDA0000054502320000022
absorbing ultraviolet light; Transition of electron takes place and photodissociation by stable ground state transition to unsettled excited state
Figure BDA0000054502320000023
, its reaction equation is following:
Simultaneously; Under the uviolizing of 150nm~260nm; Water molecules is decomposed and produces Wasserstoffatoms (H), hydrated electron and hydroxyl radical free radical materials such as (HO); Wherein hydroxyl radical free radical has very strong oxidisability, can the ammonia nitrogen in the water be oxidized to nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen; And Wasserstoffatoms in the water (H) and hydrated electron have very strong reducing property, can further nitrate nitrogen in the water and nitrite nitrogen be removed.
HO·+NH 3→H 2O+NH 2·→…→N 2
Figure BDA0000054502320000032
Figure BDA0000054502320000034
Figure BDA0000054502320000035
(NO 22-+H 2O→NO·+2HO -→…→N 2O
And through reactions such as a series of radicals, " three nitrogen " in the water is free of contamination N by eventual degradation finally 2And N 2O gas, and the denitrogenation processing of realization water body.
In sum, the principle of removing " three nitrogen " in the water with the ultraviolet lighting method does, the removal of ammonia nitrogen is to utilize under the UV-irradiation in the system strong oxidizing property of the hydroxyl radical free radical of synchronized generation that it is removed; And the removal of nitrate salt and nitrite; Be to carry out through two kinds of different approach; The one, utilize them in ultraviolet spectral range, to have absorptivity to carry out direct photodissociation, the 2nd, the radical that the Wasserstoffatoms of synchronized generation, power and water etc. have a strong reducing property when utilizing UV-light photodissociation system carries out indirect photodissociation and removes.
The method of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate salt and nitrite in a kind of synchronous removal water of the present invention has the following advantages: removing " three nitrogen " does not need multistage removal; Do not need expensive oxygenant and catalyzer; The sorbent materials such as gac that do not need easy generation of secondary pollution; Can utilize the ultraviolet wave spectrum light source of common, inexpensive; Can remove " three nitrogen " in the water fast, method of the present invention be a kind of safe, convenient, economical, efficiently, do not produce the method for secondary pollution, can be used for the water treatment that of sewage work, to effectively reduce the emission concentration of " three nitrogen " in the sewage; Can be used for the processing of urban drinking water, under the prerequisite of not introducing secondary pollution, remove in the former water of tap water " three nitrogen "; Also can be used for the reparation of natural water, the processing of process water and domestic water; Reactor design easily satisfies the needs of various different water bodys, comes into operation as early as possible; Economical operation, convenient management can ensure water quality safety.
Method of the present invention not only can be removed ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the water body synchronously, for containing a kind of in ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and the nitrite nitrogen or wherein two kinds water body is suitable equally.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the clearance graph of relation in time of nitrate ion in the staying water of embodiment 23, nitrite ion and total nitrogen.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: the method for ammonia nitrogen, nitrate salt and nitrite is in a kind of synchronous removal water of this embodiment: earlier with the pH value of staying water be adjusted to 3~11, dissolved oxygen content is adjusted to 0.1mg/L~40mg/L, and then uses the treatment with ultraviolet light of wavelength as 150nm~260nm.
To select wavelength for use be the UV-light illumination of 150nm~260nm to the method for ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen in the synchronous removal water of this embodiment, realizes that ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen remove synchronously.Have the following advantages: removing " three nitrogen " does not need multistage removal; Do not need expensive oxygenant and catalyzer; The sorbent materials such as gac that do not need easy generation of secondary pollution; Can utilize the ultraviolet wave spectrum light source of common, inexpensive; Can remove " three nitrogen " in the water fast, method of the present invention be a kind of safe, convenient, economical, efficiently, do not produce the method for secondary pollution.
Embodiment two: what this embodiment and embodiment one were different is: the pH value of staying water is adjusted to 4~10.Other is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three: what this embodiment and embodiment one were different is:: the pH value of staying water is adjusted to 8.Other is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment four: what this embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to three is.The dissolved oxygen content of staying water is 0.2mg/L~8.2mg/L.Other is identical with embodiment one or two.
When oxygen in water content is 0.2mg/L~8.2mg/L, can keeps reducing environments through in system, feeding nitrogen, hydrogen or rare gas element such as argon gas etc., thereby improve the efficient that nitrate salt and nitrite are removed in reduction.
Embodiment five: what this embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to three is: the dissolved oxygen content of staying water is 1mg/L.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to three.
Embodiment six: what this embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to three is: the dissolved oxygen content of staying water is 8.5mg/L~40mg/L.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to three.
This embodiment can increase dissolved oxygen through the mode that in system, blasts air or oxygen, when oxygen in water content is 8.5mg/L~40mg/L, reaches the purpose of oxidation efficiency of the ammonia nitrogen of raising system.
Embodiment seven: what this embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to three is: the dissolved oxygen content of staying water is 20mg/L.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to three.
Embodiment eight: what this embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to seven is: described UV-light excites a kind of or wherein several kinds of generations in uv lamp, xenon lamp and the halogen lamp by low pressure mercury lamp, medium pressure mercury lamp, high voltage mercury lamp, amalgam uv lamp, quasi-molecule.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to seven.
Embodiment nine: what this embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to eight is: staying water is meant underground water, tap water, sewage disposal plant effluent, process water or domestic water.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to eight.
Embodiment ten: what this embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to nine is: described treatment with ultraviolet light is immersion irradiation or the irradiation of irradiation formula.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to nine.
Embodiment 11: what this embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to ten is: the time of treatment with ultraviolet light is 0.1min~100min, and UV-light dosage is 15 joules/liter~90000 joules/liter.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to ten.
Embodiment 12: what this embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 11 is: the time of UV-irradiation is 30min, and UV-light dosage is 9000 joules/liter.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 11.
Embodiment 13: what this embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 11 is: the flow pattern of staying water is circulation batch type, complete hybrid or continuously streamed.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 11.
Embodiment 14: what this embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 13 is: staying water uses the treatment with ultraviolet light of wavelength as 160nm~220nm.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 13.
Embodiment 15: what this embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 13 is: staying water uses the treatment with ultraviolet light of wavelength as 185nm.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 13.
Embodiment 16: this embodiment with specifically be embodiment one to 15 different be: the nitrogen of staying water is inorganic ammonia nitrogen and organic ammonia nitrogen.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 15.
Embodiment 17: what this embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 16 is: the nitrogen of staying water is nitrate nitrogen.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 16.
Nitrogen in the staying water of this embodiment is that nitrate nitrogen is a kind of, through the processing of this embodiment, nitrate nitrogen is removed.
Embodiment 18: what this embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 17 is: the nitrogen of staying water is nitrite nitrogen.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 17.
Nitrogen in the staying water of this embodiment is that nitrite nitrogen is a kind of, through the processing of this embodiment, nitrite nitrogen is removed.
Embodiment 19: what this embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 18 is: the nitrogen of staying water is ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 18.
Nitrogen in the staying water of this embodiment is two kinds of ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogens, through the processing of this embodiment, ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen is removed synchronously.
Embodiment 20: what this embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 19 is: the nitrogen of staying water is ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 19.
Nitrogen in the staying water of this embodiment is two kinds of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogens, through the processing of this embodiment, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen is removed synchronously.
Embodiment 21: what this embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 20 is: the nitrogen of staying water is nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 20.
Nitrogen in the staying water of this embodiment is two kinds of nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogens, through the processing of this embodiment, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen is removed synchronously.
Embodiment 22: what this embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 21 is: the nitrogen in the staying water is ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 21.
Nitrogen in the staying water in this embodiment is ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen, through the processing of this embodiment, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen is removed synchronously.
Embodiment 23: the method for ammonia nitrogen, nitrate salt and nitrite is in a kind of synchronous removal water of this embodiment: earlier with the pH value of staying water be adjusted to 10, dissolved oxygen content is adjusted to 1mg/L; And then use the treatment with ultraviolet light of wavelength as 170nm~260nm; Temperature is 25 ℃ during processing, and UV-light is that the low pressure mercury lamp of 10W sends by power, at the nested silica tube of low pressure mercury lamp outer wall; Be positioned over the cylindrical reactor axle center, be immersed in the staying water.
The volume of the staying water of this embodiment is 800mL, and the concentration of ammonia nitrogen is 0.9mg/L (in nitrogen) in the staying water, and nitrate concentration is that 3.1mg/L is (with NO 3 -Meter), nitrite concentration is that 2.3mg/L is (with NO 2 -Meter).
Pick up counting during from UV-irradiation, and detect the concentration of nitrate ion, nitrite ion and total nitrogen in the staying water, the clearance of the nitrate ion that obtains, nitrite ion and total nitrogen relation curve in time is as shown in Figure 1; A is the clearance relation curve in time of nitrate ion among the figure; B is the clearance relation curve in time of nitrite ion, and c is the clearance relation curve in time of total nitrogen, as can beappreciated from fig. 1; After ultraviolet is handled 10min; The clearance of total nitrogen is near 50%, and the nitrate removal rate is about 74%, and the nitrite clearance is about 20%; Behind the 20min, nitrogen removal rate reaches 90%, and the nitrate removal rate can reach 96%, and the nitrite clearance can reach 84%.Present method has good effect of removing for " three nitrogen ".It is thus clear that more stable always for the removal speed of total nitrogen, efficient is higher.

Claims (7)

1. method of removing synchronously ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the water; It is characterized in that the method for removing ammonia nitrogen in the water, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen synchronously is: earlier with the pH value of staying water be adjusted to 3~11, dissolved oxygen content is adjusted to 0.1mg/L~40mg/L, and then uses the treatment with ultraviolet light of wavelength as 150nm~260nm.
2. the method for ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in a kind of synchronous removal water according to claim 1 is characterized in that the pH value of staying water is adjusted to 4~10.
3. the method for ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in a kind of synchronous removal water according to claim 1 and 2, the dissolved oxygen content that it is characterized in that staying water is 0.2mg/L~8.2mg/L.
4. the method for ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in a kind of synchronous removal water according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described UV-light excites a kind of or wherein several kinds of generations in uv lamp, xenon lamp and the halogen lamp by low pressure mercury lamp, medium pressure mercury lamp, high voltage mercury lamp, amalgam uv lamp, quasi-molecule.
5. the method for ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen is characterized in that staying water is meant underground water, tap water, sewage disposal plant effluent, process water in a kind of synchronous removal water according to claim 1 and 2.
6. the method for ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in a kind of synchronous removal water according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described treatment with ultraviolet light is immersion irradiation or the irradiation of irradiation formula.
7. the method for ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in a kind of synchronous removal water according to claim 1 and 2, the time that it is characterized in that treatment with ultraviolet light is 0.1min~100min, UV-light dosage is 15 joules/liter~90000 joules/liter.
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