CN102223111B - Device for controlling photovoltaic cell to generate power along with environment illumination change in a stage way and power generating system - Google Patents
Device for controlling photovoltaic cell to generate power along with environment illumination change in a stage way and power generating system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102223111B CN102223111B CN2011101646417A CN201110164641A CN102223111B CN 102223111 B CN102223111 B CN 102223111B CN 2011101646417 A CN2011101646417 A CN 2011101646417A CN 201110164641 A CN201110164641 A CN 201110164641A CN 102223111 B CN102223111 B CN 102223111B
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for controlling a photovoltaic cell to generate power along with environment illumination change in a stage way, which is used in a photovoltaic power generating system. The photovoltaic power generating system comprises a solar-cell panel and a storage battery set including a plurality of sub-storage battery sets. The control device comprises: the plurality of sub-storage battery sets are connected in series; the positive electrode of the last stage of sub-storage battery set is connected with the positive electrode of the solar-cell panel; the positive electrode of each stage of sub-storage battery set is connected with the negative electrode of the solar-cell panel through a control branch; and the control device is used for turning on or turning off corresponding control branches according to the detected current total storage voltage of the storage battery set and the current voltage of the solar-cell panel, so that the corresponding sub-storage battery sets enter or quit a charging state. The invention further provides a solar photovoltaic power generating system. By using the embodiment of the invention, the changeable power generation properties of the solar photovoltaic power generating system under the illumination conditions in different periods in all day can be utilized sufficiently; the photovoltaic power generating efficiency is improved; and the energy is prevented from being wasted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the photovoltaic power generation technology field, particularly relate to a kind of photovoltaic cell changes the ladder generating with ambient lighting control device and electricity generation system.
Background technology
Traditional is by solar-energy photo-voltaic cell storage battery to be charged from net type solar photovoltaic generation system, and storage battery provides electric power by inversion to electrical equipment again.By photovoltaic to battery charging process in, for fear of the overcharging of storage battery, cross and put phenomenon, must utilize controller that the photovoltaic charging process is controlled.
Existing controller can surpass the part of the specified charging voltage of storage battery by solar energy power generating in the course of the work.When solar energy power generating voltage was lower than the charging voltage of storage battery, controller can not charge to storage battery yet, also can end to fall the part of the minimum discharge voltage of storage battery simultaneously.
Usually, the design of solar photovoltaic generation system is the electric power needs according to the user, nominal voltage, electric current in conjunction with solar photovoltaic battery component self design, according to the irradiation intensity of the annual solar energy of photovoltaic plant infield, and then realize the standard photo-voltaic power generation station of optimal design power combination.Total generated output of these photo-voltaic power generation stations is to design with annual intensity of sunshine, the time of infield.Be example with the North China, annual hours of daylight every day that design is fit to photovoltaic generation only is 3.3 hours.Solar-energy photo-voltaic cell all can produce photovoltaic effect (being the photovoltaic generation effect) in certain spectral region, but generating efficiency can produce bigger difference along with the variation of light radiation degree.In two seasons of spring and autumn, under the bright day gas condition substantially 8: 30-17: certain radiation intensity at sunshine is arranged between 30, but since the light radiation intensity in morning and afternoon a little less than, the photoproduction volt of photovoltaic cell reaches effect to be reduced, and the voltage of generation, electric current do not satisfy the needs that solar energy power generating is boosted the inversion grid connection use or charged to energy-storage battery from net.
In the prior art, the harm that inverter, storage battery and public electric wire net is caused for fear of these invalid electric energy, the generating electric energy for the light radiation intensity of the sufficient power in full that does not reach the photovoltaic generation requirement will be ended by the charging and discharging of accumulator controller.Thus, cause the emittance at more weak sunshine of almost half time of whole day to lose in vain, reduced the efficient of photovoltaic generation, caused very big energy waste.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of photovoltaic cell to change control device and the electricity generation system of ladder generating with ambient lighting, can take full advantage of the power generation characteristics that solar photovoltaic generation system changes under the whole day sunshine condition of different periods, improve the efficient of photovoltaic generation, avoid energy waste.
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of photovoltaic cell to change the control device that ladder generates electricity with ambient lighting, and described control device is used for photovoltaic generating system, and described photovoltaic generating system comprises: solar panel and batteries; Described batteries comprises some sub-batteries;
Described control device comprises: several control branch road; Described control branch road is corresponding one by one with sub-batteries;
Described some sub-batteries series connection, the positive pole of the sub-batteries of afterbody connects the positive pole of described solar panel, and the negative pole of sub-batteries at different levels all links to each other with the negative pole of solar panel by a control branch road;
Corresponding control branch road is opened or turn-offed to described control device for current total storage voltage of the described batteries that obtains according to detection and the current voltage of described solar panel,, makes corresponding sub-batteries enter or withdraw from charged state.
Preferably, described control device comprises: a voltage detection unit, a processing unit and several control branch roads;
Described voltage detection unit, the current voltage for detection of obtaining the current total storage voltage of described batteries and described solar panel is sent to described processing unit;
Described processing unit is used for opening or turn-off corresponding control branch road according to current total storage voltage of the described batteries that receives and the current voltage of described solar panel;
Described control branch road is used for control one sub-batteries and enters or withdraw from charged state.
Preferably, described control device also comprises:
The interval division unit is used in advance the magnitude of voltage of described solar panel is carried out interval division;
Described processing unit is used for opening or turn-off corresponding control branch road according to the residing interval of current voltage of the described solar panel that receives and current total storage voltage of described batteries.
Preferably, described control device also comprises:
Overcharge control unit, when being used for current total storage voltage when described batteries greater than the rated voltage peak, turn-off all control branch roads, make all sub-batteries all withdraw from charged state.
Preferably, described control device also comprises:
Cross and put control unit, be used for when the current voltage of described solar panel is lower than minimum voltage value, turn-offing all control branch roads, make all sub-batteries all withdraw from charged state.
Preferably, described control branch road comprises:
The output of one termination processing unit of first resistance, the base stage of another termination first NPN transistor;
The grounded emitter of described first NPN transistor, collector electrode connects the transistorized base stage of the 2nd PNP through second resistance;
The transistorized emitter of described the 2nd PNP connects working power, and collector electrode connects the base stage of the 3rd NPN transistor through the 4th resistance;
The 3rd resistance is connected between the transistorized base stage of described the 2nd PNP and the emitter;
The grounded emitter of described the 3rd NPN transistor, collector electrode connect base stage and the transistorized base stage of the 5th PNP of the 4th NPN transistor;
The 5th resistance is connected between the base stage and emitter of described the 3rd NPN transistor;
The collector electrode of described the 4th NPN transistor connects the positive pole of the sub-batteries of afterbody and the anode of first voltage stabilizing didoe;
The negative electrode of described first voltage stabilizing didoe connects the positive pole of solar panel;
The 6th resistance is connected between the base stage and collector electrode of described the 4th NPN transistor;
The transistorized emitter short circuit of the emitter of described the 4th NPN transistor and the 5th PNP, both common ports connect the anode of the transistorized grid of the 6th PMOS and second voltage stabilizing didoe through the 7th resistance;
The transistorized source electrode of described the 6th PMOS connects the negative electrode of the 3rd light-emitting diode, and the anode of described the 3rd light-emitting diode connects the negative pole of the sub-batteries corresponding with described control branch road;
Connect the negative pole of described solar panel behind the negative electrode short circuit of the transistorized collector electrode of described the 5th PNP, the 6th PMOS transistor drain and second voltage stabilizing didoe.
Preferably, described processing unit adopts the ADuC845 single-chip microcomputer.
Preferably, described voltage detection unit comprises the battery tension detection sub-unit, for detection of obtaining the current total storage voltage of described batteries, is sent to described processing unit;
Described battery tension detection sub-unit comprises:
One end of the 30 resistance connects the positive pole of described batteries as the input of described battery tension detection sub-unit;
The other end of described the 30 resistance connects an input of described processing unit as the output of described battery tension detection sub-unit;
The 31 resistance and first electric capacity are respectively and be connected between the input and ground of described battery tension detecting unit;
The negative electrode of the 7th voltage stabilizing didoe connects the input of described battery tension detecting unit, plus earth.
Preferably, described voltage detection unit comprises described cell plate voltage detection sub-unit, and the current voltage for detection of obtaining described solar panel is sent to described processing unit;
Described cell plate voltage detection sub-unit comprises:
The positive pole of the described solar panel of one termination of the 32 resistance, an end of another termination the 34 resistance of described the 32 resistance;
The negative pole of the described solar panel of another termination of described the 34 resistance;
One end of public termination the 33 resistance of described the 32 resistance and the 34 resistance, the other end of described the 33 resistance connect an input of described processing unit as the output of described cell plate voltage detection sub-unit;
The 35 resistance and second electric capacity are respectively and be connected between the input and ground of described cell plate voltage detection sub-unit.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of solar photovoltaic generation system, and described photovoltaic generating system comprises: solar panel, batteries; Described batteries comprises some sub-batteries;
Described system also comprises: described photovoltaic cell changes the control device of ladder generating with ambient lighting; Described control device is used for the described solar panel of control to the charging of batteries
According to specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses following technique effect:
The described control device of the embodiment of the invention is provided with the control branch road corresponding to a plurality of solar radiation period, and whether each control charging that branch road is respectively applied to control a sub-batteries.In the different solar radiation period, current total storage voltage of the described batteries that obtains according to detection and the current voltage of described solar panel are by each control branch road, to different sub-battery chargings.
The embodiment of the invention, can take full advantage of the power generation characteristics that solar photovoltaic generation system changes under the whole day sunshine condition of different periods, the energy output of realization photovoltaic cell is along with the variation of ambient lighting is ladder control, and light radiation energy the most as much as possible is converted into electric energy.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the solar photovoltaic generation system structure chart of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is a kind of embodiment structure chart of the control branch road of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the battery tension detection sub-unit structure chart of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the cell plate voltage detection sub-unit structure chart of the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
For above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage can be become apparent more, the present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of photovoltaic cell to change control device, and the photovoltaic generating system of ladder generating with ambient lighting, can take full advantage of the power generation characteristics that solar photovoltaic generation system changes under the whole day sunshine condition of different periods, improve the efficient of photovoltaic generation, avoid energy waste.
For one day different periods, because the difference of sunshine condition, the generating capacity of solar photovoltaic generation system changed thereupon, specifies as follows.
When the illumination of sunlight is 18000 luxs, be equivalent to North China season in spring and autumn the morning 10:00 during the afternoon 15:00, photo-voltaic power generation station design power 10KW, the sunshine condition of this moment is in the normal range (NR) of photovoltaic generation, the single group that reaches the solar-energy photo-voltaic cell generating is exported 28 volts design voltage, power output is 93% of design power, reaches the normal requirement of charging to energy storage battery in full amount or importing public electric wire net by inverter of opto-electronic conversion.
When the illumination of sunlight is 12000 luxs, be equivalent to North China season in spring and autumn the morning 09:00 and afternoon 17:00 about, this moment ambient light illumination the substandard sunshine condition of radiation condition, single group output generating voltage of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell generating is 18 volts, power output is from being 60% of design power, be lower than the rated voltage of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, can adopt the control system of boosting this moment, though bigger power loss is arranged, still can reach to energy storage battery charging or the minimum requirements by inverter input public electric wire net.
When the illumination of sunlight is 5000 luxs, the morning that is equivalent to North China season in spring and autumn is before the 08:00 and after the afternoon 18:00, the ambient light illumination radiation condition be significantly less than solar-energy photo-voltaic cell generating minimum sunshine radiation condition requirement, but 6 volts of the unloaded output voltages of photovoltaic generating system, power output is 20% of design power only, is lower than that boosting of solar energy power generating power station is incorporated into the power networks or from the minimum instructions for use of net charging.Because the generated output integral body of self is low excessively, utilizes booster system to boost separately and can not keep the power needs that system generates electricity.In this case, no matter the energy gross power that solar-energy photo-voltaic cell sends is from voltage or electric current, all lower or unstable.Under traditional state of a control, controller can think that this state is dead voltage, this part voltage cut-off can not can be caused the waste of this part energy to the energy storage battery charging or by inverter input electrical network.
The described device of the embodiment of the invention, can take full advantage of the power generation characteristics that solar photovoltaic generation system changes under the whole day sunshine condition of different periods, in controller, be provided with a plurality of solar radiation period controls and charging circuit, the energy output of realization photovoltaic cell is along with the variation of ambient lighting is ladder control, and light radiation energy the most as much as possible is converted into electric energy.
With reference to Fig. 1, be the solar photovoltaic generation system structure chart of the embodiment of the invention.As shown in Figure 1, described system comprises: solar panel 1, photovoltaic cell change control device 2, the batteries 3 of ladder generating with ambient lighting.
Described batteries 3 comprises some sub-batteries; The rated voltage of each sub-batteries is identical.
Described control device 2 comprises: several control branch road; Described control branch road is corresponding one by one with sub-batteries.
Described some sub-batteries series connection, the positive pole of the sub-batteries of afterbody connects the positive pole of described solar panel 1, and the negative pole of sub-batteries at different levels all links to each other with the negative pole of solar panel 1 by a control branch road.
Corresponding control branch road is opened or turn-offed to described control device 2 for current total storage voltage of the described batteries 3 that obtains according to detection and the current voltage of described solar panel 1,, makes corresponding sub-batteries enter or withdraw from charged state.
The described control device 2 of the embodiment of the invention is provided with the control branch road corresponding to a plurality of solar radiation period, and whether each control charging that branch road is respectively applied to control a sub-batteries.In the different solar radiation period, current total storage voltage of the described batteries 3 that obtains according to detection and the current voltage of described solar panel 1 are by each control branch road, to different sub-battery chargings.
The embodiment of the invention, can take full advantage of the power generation characteristics that solar photovoltaic generation system changes under the whole day sunshine condition of different periods, the energy output of realization photovoltaic cell is along with the variation of ambient lighting is ladder control, and light radiation energy the most as much as possible is converted into electric energy.
Need to prove that current total storage voltage of described batteries 3 is total storage voltage of all sub-batteries.
As shown in Figure 1, described control device 2 can comprise: a voltage detection unit 21, a processing unit 22 and several control branch roads.
The number of described control branch road is identical with the number of sub-batteries; One control branch road is corresponding one by one with a sub-batteries, is used for control one sub-batteries and enters or withdraw from charged state.
Described voltage detection unit 21, the current voltage for detection of obtaining described batteries 3 current total storage voltages and described solar panel 1 is sent to described processing unit 22.
Described processing unit 22 is used for opening or turn-off corresponding control branch road according to current total storage voltage of the described batteries 3 that receives and the current voltage of described solar panel 1, makes corresponding sub-batteries enter or withdraw from charged state.
Need to prove that in the embodiment of the invention, described control device 2 can also comprise: the interval division unit is used in advance the magnitude of voltage of described solar panel 1 is carried out interval division.
At this moment, corresponding, described processing unit 22, can be according to the residing interval of current voltage of the described solar panel 1 that receives, in conjunction with current total storage voltage of described batteries 3, open or turn-off corresponding control branch road, be the sub-battery charging of corresponding progression.
Concrete, the number of the sub-batteries that can comprise according to this batteries 3 carries out interval division to the magnitude of voltage of described solar panel 1.For example, suppose that described batteries 3 comprises three sub-batteries, then the magnitude of voltage of described solar panel 1 can be divided into three intervals.
Certainly, in actual applications, need in the light of actual conditions the interval of the magnitude of voltage of described solar panel 1 is divided.Suppose that the magnitude of voltage peak of described solar panel 1 is 28V, minimum is 3.2V, then can set its three intervals and be respectively: greater than 14V; Less than 14V and greater than 9.6V; Less than 9.6V and greater than 3.2V.
To comprise that three sub-batteries are that example describes.Corresponding, the magnitude of voltage of described solar panel 1 is divided into three intervals:
When the current voltage of the solar panel 1 that obtains when detection is in first interval (for example greater than 14V), can think that the illumination radiation of sunlight this moment is very strong, can be all sub-battery chargings simultaneously.At this moment, described processing unit 22 is opened the control branch road of the sub-batteries correspondence of the first order, make the negative pole of the sub-batteries of the first order be communicated with the negative pole of solar panel 1 by this control branch road, because the positive pole of the sub-batteries of afterbody links to each other with the positive pole of solar panel 1, by the series arm that all sub-batteries constitute, make described solar panel 1 be all sub-battery chargings.
When the current voltage of the solar panel that obtains when detection is in second interval (less than 14V and greater than 9.6V), can think that the illumination radiation of Yanguan Pass this moment is lower than reference condition, can only be the parton battery charging.At this moment, described processing unit 22 is opened the control branch road of the sub-batteries correspondence in the second level, make the negative pole of the sub-batteries in the second level be communicated with the negative pole of solar panel 1 by this control branch road, because the positive pole of the sub-batteries of afterbody links to each other with the positive pole of solar panel 1, by the series arm that each sub-batteries after the second level constitutes, make described solar panel 1 be all later sub-battery chargings of the second level.
When the current voltage of the solar panel that obtains when detection is in the 3rd interval (less than 9.6V and greater than 3.2V), can think that the illumination radiation of Yanguan Pass this moment is lower, can only be a sub-battery charging.At this moment, described processing unit 22 is opened the control branch road of the sub-batteries correspondence of the third level, make the negative pole of the sub-batteries of the third level be communicated with the negative pole of solar panel 1 by this control branch road, because the positive pole of the sub-batteries of afterbody links to each other with the positive pole of solar panel 1, make described solar panel 1 be the sub-battery charging of the third level.
Of particular note; when current total storage voltage of described batteries 3 during greater than its rated voltage peak; the current full state that is in of this batteries is described; do not need to charge; at this moment; need make all sub-batteries all withdraw from charged state, be the over-charge protective to described batteries 3.
Corresponding, the described control device 2 of the embodiment of the invention can also comprise: overcharge control unit, when being used for current total storage voltage when described batteries 3 greater than the rated voltage peak, turn-off all control branch roads, make all sub-batteries all withdraw from charged state.
Further; when the current voltage of solar panel 1 is lower than minimum voltage value; the brownout of current solar panel 1 is described; can not continue as batteries 3 charging is provided; at this moment; need make all sub-batteries all withdraw from charged state, be the mistake of solar panel 1 is put protection.
Corresponding, the described control device 2 of the embodiment of the invention can also comprise: cross and put control unit, be used for turn-offing all control branch roads when the current voltage of described solar cell 1 plate is lower than minimum voltage value, make all sub-batteries all withdraw from charged state.
In the embodiment of the invention, the number of the sub-batteries that described batteries 3 comprises can specifically be set according to the actual needs.For example, when total storage voltage of described batteries is 12V, this batteries can be set comprises three sub-batteries, each sub-batteries is respectively 4V; When total storage voltage of described batteries is 24V, this batteries can be set comprise six sub-electrical storage battery, each sub-batteries is respectively 4V; When total storage voltage of described batteries is 48V, this batteries can be set comprises 12 sub-electrical storage battery.Describe in detail no longer one by one at this.
With reference to Fig. 2, a kind of embodiment structure chart of the control branch road that provides for the embodiment of the invention.As shown in Figure 2, comprise that with described batteries 3 three sub-batteries are that example describes.Corresponding, described control device 2 comprises three control branch roads, and every control branch road links to each other with a sub-batteries respectively, whether is used for controlling the charging of a sub-batteries.
As shown in Figure 2, described batteries comprises the first sub-batteries BT1, the second sub-batteries BT2, the 3rd sub-batteries BT3.
Corresponding, described control device 2 comprises three control branch roads, and the charging that every control branch road is respectively applied to control a sub-batteries whether.
As shown in Figure 2, three sub-batteries are connected in series successively, and the positive pole of described the 3rd sub-batteries BT3 connects the positive pole of solar panel, and the negative pole of each sub-batteries connects the negative pole of solar panel respectively by the control branch road of correspondence.
The processing unit of described control device 2 (not shown among Fig. 2), according to current total storage voltage of the described batteries that receives and the current voltage of described solar panel, open or turn-off corresponding control branch road, make corresponding sub-batteries enter charged state.
As shown in Figure 2, described three control line structures are identical, are that example describes with the 3rd control branch road.Described the 3rd control branch road comprises: first resistance R 1, second resistance R 2, the 3rd resistance R 3, the 4th resistance R 4, the 5th resistance R 5, the 6th resistance R 6, the 7th resistance R 7, the first NPN transistor Q1, the 2nd PNP transistor Q2, the 3rd NPN transistor Q3, the 4th NPN transistor Q4, the 5th PNP transistor Q5, the 6th PMOS transistor Q6, the first voltage stabilizing didoe D1, the second voltage stabilizing didoe D2, the 3rd LED 3.
The output of the one termination processing unit (not shown among Fig. 2) of described first resistance R 1, the base stage of the described first NPN transistor Q1 of another termination.
The grounded emitter of the described first NPN transistor Q1, the collector electrode of the first NPN transistor Q1 connect the base stage of the 2nd PNP transistor Q2 through second resistance R 2.
The emitter of described the 2nd PNP transistor Q2 meets working power Vcc, and the collector electrode of the 2nd PNP transistor Q2 connects the base stage of the 3rd NPN transistor Q3 through the 4th resistance R 4.
Described the 3rd resistance R 3 is connected between the base stage and emitter of described the 2nd PNP transistor Q2.
The grounded emitter of described the 3rd NPN transistor Q3, the collector electrode of described the 3rd NPN transistor Q3 connect the base stage of described the 4th NPN transistor Q4 and the base stage of the 5th PNP transistor Q5.
Described the 5th resistance R 5 is connected between the base stage and emitter of described the 3rd NPN transistor Q3.
The collector electrode of described the 4th NPN transistor Q4 connects the positive pole of the 3rd sub-batteries BT3 and the anode of the first voltage stabilizing didoe D1.
The negative electrode of the described first voltage stabilizing didoe D1 connects the positive pole of solar panel.
Described the 6th resistance R 6 is connected between the base stage and collector electrode of described the 4th NPN transistor Q4.
The emitter short circuit of the emitter of described the 4th NPN transistor Q4 and the 5th PNP transistor Q5, both common ports connect the grid of described the 6th PMOS transistor Q6 and the anode of the second voltage stabilizing didoe D2 through described the 7th resistance R 7.
The source electrode of described the 6th PMOS transistor Q6 connects the negative electrode of described the 3rd LED 3, and the anode of described the 3rd LED 3 connects the negative pole of the 3rd sub-batteries BT3.
Connect the negative pole of described solar panel behind the negative electrode short circuit of the drain electrode of the collector electrode of described the 5th PNP transistor Q5, the 6th PMOS transistor Q6 and the second voltage stabilizing didoe D2.
Photovoltaic cell shown in Figure 2 with the operation principle that ambient lighting changes the control device 2 of ladder generating is:
The current total storage voltage to batteries (being three total storage voltages that sub-batteries is current) that described control device 2 is gathered and the current voltage of solar panel.
Supposing, is three intervals with the voltage division of described solar panel 1: greater than 14V; Less than 14V and greater than 9.6V; Less than 9.6V and greater than 3.2V; The specified ceiling voltage of each sub-batteries is 4V.
Based on the characteristic of batteries, for preventing that overcharging from appearring in batteries or putting phenomenon excessively, generally can be that batteries is set the highest storage voltage and minimum storage voltage.For example, its highest storage voltage can be set and 1.2 times of its specified ceiling voltage must not be higher than.Be that example describes with the embodiment of the invention, the specified ceiling voltage of each sub-batteries is 4V, and then the specified ceiling voltage of described batteries 3 is 12V.At this moment, phenomenon occurs overcharging for preventing this batteries 3, the highest storage voltage that can set this batteries must not be higher than 14.4V; For preventing that phenomenon from appearring putting in this batteries 3, the minimum storage voltage that can set this batteries must not be lower than 4.8V.
When current total storage voltage of described batteries 3 during greater than 14.4V, showing that described batteries 3 is current is full state, no matter how much current voltage of described solar panel 1 is, batteries 3 does not all need charging, at this moment, the control device that overcharges of described control device 2 cuts off three control branch roads, and batteries 3 is separated with solar panel 1.
When current total storage voltage of described batteries 3 during less than 14.4V, show that described batteries 3 needs charging, at this moment, the described control device 2 of the embodiment of the invention, can be according to the current voltage of described solar panel 1, step-like sub-batteries to different stage is charged.
Concrete, when the current voltage of described solar panel 1 during greater than 14V, the illumination radiation that sunlight this moment is described is very strong (when for example the illumination of sunlight is 18000 luxs, be equivalent to North China season in spring and autumn the morning 10:00 during the afternoon 15:00), possesses the condition for whole batteries 3 chargings, at this moment, the described control device 2 conductings first control branch road, the negative pole of the sub-batteries BT1 that wins is linked to each other with the negative pole of solar panel 1, by the series arm that three sub-batteries constitute, described solar panel 1 is three sub-batteries BT1, BT2, the BT3 charging.
Concrete, as shown in Figure 2, when the current voltage of described solar panel 1 during greater than 14V, described processing unit output low level is to the described first control branch road, the first NPN transistor Q13 of the control branch road of winning is ended, the 2nd PNP transistor Q14 ends, the 3rd NPN transistor Q15 ends, the 5th NPN transistor Q16 ends, the 4th PNP transistor Q17 conducting, thereby make the 6th PMOS transistor Q18 conducting, the negative pole of the described first sub-batteries BT1 links to each other with the negative pole of solar panel 1, and described solar panel 1 is three sub-batteries BT1, BT2, the BT3 charging.
When the current voltage of described solar panel 1 during less than 14V and greater than 9.6V, the illumination radiation that sunlight this moment is described is lower than the standard sunshine condition (when for example the illumination of sunlight is 12000 luxs, be equivalent to North China season in spring and autumn the morning 09:00 and afternoon 17:00 about), can design this moment only is two sub-battery chargings, corresponding, the described control device 2 conductings second control branch road, turn-off the first control branch road, the negative pole of the sub-batteries BT1 that wins and the negative pole of solar panel 1 are disconnected, the negative pole of the second sub-batteries BT2 links to each other with the negative pole of solar panel 1, by the series arm that the second sub-batteries BT2 and the 3rd sub-batteries BT3 constitute, described solar panel 1 is two sub-batteries BT2, the BT3 charging.
Concrete, as shown in Figure 2, when described solar panel less than 14V and greater than 9.6V the time, described processing unit output high level is to the described first control branch road, make the first NPN transistor Q13 conducting of the control branch road of winning, the 2nd PNP transistor Q14 conducting, the 3rd NPN transistor Q15 conducting, the 5th NPN transistor Q16 conducting, the 4th PNP transistor Q17 ends, thereby make the 6th PMOS transistor Q18 end, the negative pole of the negative pole of the described first sub-batteries BT1 and solar panel 1 disconnects, and described solar panel 1 can not be three sub-batteries BT1 again, BT2, the BT3 charging; Simultaneously, described processing unit output low level is to the described second control branch road, make that the second first NPN transistor Q7 that controls branch road ends, the 2nd PNP transistor Q8 ends, the 3rd NPN transistor Q9 ends, the 5th NPN transistor Q10 ends, the 4th PNP transistor Q11 conducting, thereby make the 6th PMOS transistor Q12 conducting, the negative pole of the described second sub-batteries BT2 links to each other with the negative pole of solar panel 1, and described solar panel 1 is two sub-batteries BT2, BT3 chargings.
When the current voltage of described solar panel 1 during less than 9.6V and greater than 4.8V, the illumination radiation that sunlight this moment is described is lower (when for example the illumination of sunlight is 5000 luxs, the morning that is equivalent to North China season in spring and autumn is before the 08:00 and after the afternoon 18:00), can design this moment only is a sub-battery charging, corresponding, described control device 2 conductings the 3rd control branch road, turn-off the second control branch road and the first control branch road, the negative pole that makes win sub-batteries BT1 and the second sub-batteries BT2 all disconnects with the negative pole of solar panel 1, the negative pole of the 3rd sub-batteries BT3 links to each other with the negative pole of solar panel 1, and described solar panel 1 is the 3rd sub-batteries BT3 charging.
Concrete, as shown in Figure 1, when the current voltage of described solar panel 1 during less than 9.6V and greater than 4.8V, described processing unit output high level is to the described second control branch road, make second to control the first NPN transistor Q7 conducting of branch road, the 2nd PNP transistor Q8 conducting, the 3rd NPN transistor Q9 conducting, the 5th NPN transistor Q10 conducting, the 4th PNP transistor Q11 ends, thereby make the 6th PMOS transistor Q12 end, the negative pole of the negative pole of the described second sub-batteries BT2 and solar panel 1 disconnects, and described solar panel 1 can not be two sub-batteries BT2 again, the BT3 charging; Simultaneously, described processing unit output low level is to described the 3rd control branch road, make that the 3rd first NPN transistor Q1 that controls branch road ends, the 2nd PNP transistor Q2 ends, the 3rd NPN transistor Q3 ends, the 5th NPN transistor Q5 ends, the 4th PNP transistor Q4 conducting, thereby make the 6th PMOS transistor Q6 conducting, the negative pole of described the 3rd sub-batteries BT3 links to each other with the negative pole of solar panel 1, and described solar panel 1 is the 3rd sub-batteries BT3 charging.
Further, for guaranteeing charge efficiency, in above-mentioned charging process, when the current voltage of described solar panel 1 during less than 3.2V, show that current solar cell panel voltages is low excessively, can not be battery charging, at this moment, described mistake is put three control branch roads of control unit cut-out, and batteries 3 is separated with solar panel 1.
Further, for guaranteeing charge efficiency, in above-mentioned charging process, when current total storage voltage of described batteries 3 during greater than 14.4V, show that current batteries 3 is in full state, do not need charging, at this moment, the described control unit that overcharges cuts off three control branch roads, and batteries 3 is separated with solar panel 1.
The described control device 2 of the embodiment of the invention, can take full advantage of the power generation characteristics that solar photovoltaic generation system changes under the whole day sunshine condition of different periods, in control device 2, be provided with the control branch road corresponding to a plurality of solar radiation period, by the different solar radiation period to different sub-battery chargings, the energy output of realization photovoltaic cell is along with the variation of ambient lighting is ladder control, and light radiation energy the most as much as possible is converted into electric energy.
Simultaneously, the described control device of the embodiment of the invention can effectively be protected batteries, avoids batteries to occur overcharging or cross putting phenomenon, prolongs the useful life of batteries.
In the embodiment of the invention, described processing unit 22 can adopt the ADuC845 chip microcontroller, the non-volatile RAM data storage that can be furnished with 640KB, extend out the keyboard input, the graphic lcd of 320 * 240 dot matrix carries out Chinese character, figure, curve and data and shows peripheral circuits such as overtemperature alarm device.This ADuC845 single-chip microcomputer is reserved the R232 interface, can be online with the PV machine, and transfer of data to the PC that the scene is detected is further handled, shows, printed and files.Wherein, the on-the-spot data that detect comprise: in real time total storage voltage of described batteries 3 and the real-time voltage of described solar panel 1.
In the embodiment of the invention, detect the current voltage that obtains described batteries 3 current total storage voltages and described solar panel 1 by described voltage detection unit 21, and the voltage signal that detection obtains sent in the ADuC845 single-chip microcomputer, directly the analog to digital converter that carries by the ADuC845 single-chip microcomputer converts described voltage signal to digital quantity.Thus, no longer need the analog to digital converter of external special use, simplified the design of peripheral circuit greatly, and provided cost savings.
Described voltage detection unit 21 can comprise: battery tension detection sub-unit and cell plate voltage detection sub-unit.
Wherein, described battery tension detecting unit for detection of obtaining described batteries 3 current total storage voltages, is sent to described processing unit 22.
Described cell plate voltage detection sub-unit for detection of the current voltage that obtains described solar panel 1, is sent to described processing unit 22.
With reference to Fig. 3, be the battery tension detection sub-unit structure chart of the embodiment of the invention.As shown in Figure 3, described battery tension detection sub-unit comprises: the 30 resistance R 30, the 31 resistance R 31, first capacitor C 1, the 7th voltage stabilizing didoe D7.
One end of described the 30 resistance R 30 connects the positive pole of described batteries 3 as the input of described battery tension detection sub-unit; The other end of described the 30 resistance R 30 connects an input (shown in PC1 among Fig. 3, being the PC1 pin of described ADuC845 single-chip microcomputer) of described processing unit as the output of described battery tension detection sub-unit.
Described the 31 resistance R 31 and first capacitor C 1 are respectively and be connected between the input and ground of described battery tension detecting unit.
The negative electrode of described the 7th voltage stabilizing didoe D7 connects the input of described battery tension detecting unit, plus earth.
Described battery tension detection sub-unit detects and obtains the current total storage voltage of described batteries, is sent to described processing unit.
After described processing unit receives the current total storage voltage of described batteries, described current total storage voltage carried out analog-to-digital conversion (A/D) after, again according to described current total storage voltage, judge the work at present state that obtains described batteries.
In the embodiment of the invention, in order accurately to detect total storage voltage of the batteries 3 that obtains any moment, therefore the voltage of sampling place need, adopt the voltage stabilizing didoe D7 of 1V less than 1V; The effect of described first capacitor C 1 is filtering.
The positive terminal voltage of setting batteries 3 is U
BAT+, as shown in Figure 3, batteries 3 current total storage voltages that detection obtains are:
With reference to Fig. 4, be the cell plate voltage detection sub-unit structure chart of the embodiment of the invention.As shown in Figure 4, described cell plate voltage detection sub-unit comprises: the 32 resistance R 32, the 33 resistance R 33, the 34 resistance R 34, the 35 resistance R 35, second capacitor C 2.
The positive pole of the described solar panel 1 of one termination of described the 32 resistance R 32, an end of described the 34 resistance R 34 of another termination of described the 32 resistance R 32.
The negative pole of the described solar panel 1 of another termination of described the 34 resistance R 34.
One end of described the 33 resistance R 33 of public termination of described the 32 resistance R 32 and the 34 resistance R 34, the other end of described the 33 resistance R 33 is as the output of described cell plate voltage detection sub-unit, connect an input (shown in ADC among Fig. 3, being the ADC pin of described ADuC845 single-chip microcomputer) of described processing unit.
Described the 35 resistance R 35 and second capacitor C 2 are respectively and be connected between the input and ground of described cell plate voltage detection sub-unit.
Described cell plate voltage detection sub-unit detects the current total storage voltage that obtains described solar panel 1, is sent to described processing unit.
Because solar panel 1 and batteries 3 are not altogether, just need connect with batteries 3 voltage detecting of described solar panel 1.If: the anodal voltage to earth of solar panel 1 is U
SUN+, the negative pole voltage to earth is U
SUN-, the voltage of real like this solar panel 1 is:
U
SUN＝U
SUN+-U
SUN- (2)
Because the positive pole of solar energy pole plate 1 and the positive pole of batteries 3 link to each other (as shown in Figure 2) by a voltage stabilizing didoe, so have:
U
SUN≈U
BAT+ (3)
If sampling the voltage at the ADC pin place of ADuC845 single-chip microcomputer is U
S-OUT, by above formula and according to circuit shown in Figure 4, can obtain:
Thereby the ADuC845 single-chip microcomputer passes through U
S-OUTJudgement, detect the voltage of current solar panel 1.
The described photovoltaic generating system of the embodiment of the invention, designed the charge-discharge controller of wide region, can be according to the generating situation of solar panel under different sunshine conditions, comprise the normal foot forelock, generating excessively under the high light condition and the weak generating under the low light condition, effective generating capacity according to different period solar photovoltaic generation systems, the electric energy that obtains is entered some sub-batteries disaggregatedly to charge, again the sub-batteries of these energy storage is carried out connection in series-parallel, final some sub-batteries reach the generating voltage of nominal with series system, with the requirement of the operating voltage that reaches normal electrical network or electricity consumption device, thereby make the voltage of photovoltaic generating system output of each period remain unanimity.
Concrete, in the embodiment of the invention, batteries is divided into several sub-batteries, when the energy output of photovoltaic generating system reached normal rating voltage, described solar panel charged normal all sub-batteries of whole batteries; When ambient light illumination reduces, when the energy output of photovoltaic generating system is lower than rated voltage, control device is given parton battery charging in the described batteries according to the different voltage ranges that reduce, thus, can take full advantage of the power generation characteristics that solar photovoltaic generation system changes under the whole day sunshine condition of different periods, improve the efficient of photovoltaic generation, avoid energy waste.
More than a kind of photovoltaic cell provided by the present invention is changed control device, and the photovoltaic generating system of ladder generating with ambient lighting, be described in detail, used specific case herein principle of the present invention and execution mode are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof; Simultaneously, for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to thought of the present invention, part in specific embodiments and applications all can change.In sum, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a photovoltaic cell changes the control device that ladder generates electricity with ambient lighting, it is characterized in that, described control device is used for photovoltaic generating system, and described photovoltaic generating system comprises: solar panel and batteries; Described batteries comprises some sub-batteries;
Described control device comprises: several control branch road; Described control branch road is corresponding one by one with sub-batteries;
Described some sub-batteries series connection, the positive pole of the sub-batteries of afterbody connects the positive pole of described solar panel, and the negative pole of sub-batteries at different levels all links to each other with the negative pole of solar panel by a control branch road;
Corresponding control branch road is opened or turn-offed to described control device for current total storage voltage of the described batteries that obtains according to detection and the current voltage of described solar panel,, makes corresponding sub-batteries enter or withdraw from charged state.
2. photovoltaic cell according to claim 1 changes the control device that ladder generates electricity with ambient lighting, it is characterized in that described control device comprises: a voltage detection unit, a processing unit and several control branch roads;
Described voltage detection unit, the current voltage for detection of obtaining the current total storage voltage of described batteries and described solar panel is sent to described processing unit;
Described processing unit is used for opening or turn-off corresponding control branch road according to current total storage voltage of the described batteries that receives and the current voltage of described solar panel;
Described control branch road is used for control one sub-batteries and enters or withdraw from charged state.
3. photovoltaic cell according to claim 2 changes the control device that ladder generates electricity with ambient lighting, it is characterized in that described control device also comprises:
The interval division unit is used in advance the magnitude of voltage of described solar panel is carried out interval division;
Described processing unit is used for opening or turn-off corresponding control branch road according to the residing interval of current voltage of the described solar panel that receives and current total storage voltage of described batteries.
4. photovoltaic cell according to claim 2 changes the control device that ladder generates electricity with ambient lighting, it is characterized in that described control device also comprises:
Overcharge control unit, when being used for current total storage voltage when described batteries greater than the rated voltage peak, turn-off all control branch roads, make all sub-batteries all withdraw from charged state.
5. photovoltaic cell according to claim 2 changes the control device that ladder generates electricity with ambient lighting, it is characterized in that described control device also comprises:
Cross and put control unit, be used for when the current voltage of described solar panel is lower than minimum voltage value, turn-offing all control branch roads, make all sub-batteries all withdraw from charged state.
6. photovoltaic cell according to claim 2 changes the control device that ladder generates electricity with ambient lighting, it is characterized in that described control branch road comprises:
The output of one termination processing unit of first resistance, the base stage of another termination first NPN transistor;
The grounded emitter of described first NPN transistor, collector electrode connects the transistorized base stage of the 2nd PNP through second resistance;
The transistorized emitter of described the 2nd PNP connects working power, and collector electrode connects the base stage of the 3rd NPN transistor through the 4th resistance;
The 3rd resistance is connected between the transistorized base stage of described the 2nd PNP and the emitter;
The grounded emitter of described the 3rd NPN transistor, collector electrode connect base stage and the transistorized base stage of the 5th PNP of the 4th NPN transistor;
The 5th resistance is connected between the base stage and emitter of described the 3rd NPN transistor;
The collector electrode of described the 4th NPN transistor connects the positive pole of the sub-batteries of afterbody and the anode of first voltage stabilizing didoe;
The negative electrode of described first voltage stabilizing didoe connects the positive pole of solar panel;
The 6th resistance is connected between the base stage and collector electrode of described the 4th NPN transistor;
The transistorized emitter short circuit of the emitter of described the 4th NPN transistor and the 5th PNP, both common ports connect the anode of the transistorized grid of the 6th PMOS and second voltage stabilizing didoe through the 7th resistance;
The transistorized source electrode of described the 6th PMOS connects the negative electrode of the 3rd light-emitting diode, and the anode of described the 3rd light-emitting diode connects the negative pole of the sub-batteries corresponding with described control branch road;
Connect the negative pole of described solar panel behind the negative electrode short circuit of the transistorized collector electrode of described the 5th PNP, the 6th PMOS transistor drain and second voltage stabilizing didoe.
7. photovoltaic cell according to claim 2 changes the control device that ladder generates electricity with ambient lighting, it is characterized in that, described processing unit adopts the ADuC845 single-chip microcomputer.
8. photovoltaic cell according to claim 7 changes the control device of ladder generating with ambient lighting, it is characterized in that, described voltage detection unit comprises the battery tension detection sub-unit, for detection of obtaining the current total storage voltage of described batteries, is sent to described processing unit;
Described battery tension detection sub-unit comprises:
One end of the 30 resistance connects the positive pole of described batteries as the input of described battery tension detection sub-unit;
The other end of described the 30 resistance connects an input of described processing unit as the output of described battery tension detection sub-unit;
The 31 resistance and first electric capacity are respectively and be connected between the input and ground of described battery tension detecting unit;
The negative electrode of the 7th voltage stabilizing didoe connects the input of described battery tension detecting unit, plus earth.
9. photovoltaic cell according to claim 7 changes the control device of ladder generating with ambient lighting, it is characterized in that, described voltage detection unit comprises described cell plate voltage detection sub-unit, and the current voltage for detection of obtaining described solar panel is sent to described processing unit;
Described cell plate voltage detection sub-unit comprises:
The positive pole of the described solar panel of one termination of the 32 resistance, an end of another termination the 34 resistance of described the 32 resistance;
The negative pole of the described solar panel of another termination of described the 34 resistance;
One end of public termination the 33 resistance of described the 32 resistance and the 34 resistance, the other end of described the 33 resistance connect an input of described processing unit as the output of described cell plate voltage detection sub-unit;
The 35 resistance and second electric capacity are respectively and be connected between the input and ground of described cell plate voltage detection sub-unit.
10. a solar photovoltaic generation system is characterized in that, described photovoltaic generating system comprises: solar panel, batteries; Described batteries comprises some sub-batteries;
Described system also comprises: as the control device of each described solar photovoltaic generation system of claim 1 to 9;
Described control device is used for the described solar panel of control to the charging of batteries.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2011202063454U CN202206330U (en) | 2011-06-17 | 2011-06-17 | Control device for controlling photovoltaic cell to carry out stepped power generation along with illumination change of environment and solar photovoltaic power generation system |
| CN2011101646417A CN102223111B (en) | 2011-06-17 | 2011-06-17 | Device for controlling photovoltaic cell to generate power along with environment illumination change in a stage way and power generating system |
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| CN2011202063454U CN202206330U (en) | 2011-06-17 | 2011-06-17 | Control device for controlling photovoltaic cell to carry out stepped power generation along with illumination change of environment and solar photovoltaic power generation system |
| CN2011101646417A CN102223111B (en) | 2011-06-17 | 2011-06-17 | Device for controlling photovoltaic cell to generate power along with environment illumination change in a stage way and power generating system |
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| CN2011202063454U Expired - Lifetime CN202206330U (en) | 2011-06-17 | 2011-06-17 | Control device for controlling photovoltaic cell to carry out stepped power generation along with illumination change of environment and solar photovoltaic power generation system |
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| CN102223111B (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2013-08-21 | 英利能源（中国）有限公司 | Device for controlling photovoltaic cell to generate power along with environment illumination change in a stage way and power generating system |
| JP2013222661A (en) * | 2012-04-18 | 2013-10-28 | Toshiba Corp | Photovoltaic power generation system and power storage device |
| CN103607023A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-02-26 | 青岛锐晶光电科技有限公司 | Charge control method for photovoltaic power generation system |
| CN105529810A (en) * | 2016-01-17 | 2016-04-27 | 国家电网公司 | Photovoltaic charging system of energy-storage photovoltaic power station and control method thereof |
| CN106684473B (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2019-05-31 | 安徽波维电子科技有限公司 | A kind of control device of the sealed lithium battery of solar energy |
| CN107634573A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-01-26 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | One kind is applied to Qinghai-xizang Plateau Region self-adapting solar energy electric power system |
| CA3194972A1 (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2019-06-20 | Lutron Technology Company Llc | Privacy mode for a wireless audio device |
| CN108134561A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-06-08 | 谢小坚 | A kind of dispersion solar energy acquisition and solar energy transferring system associating power supply system |
| CN113890027B (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2024-05-17 | 中核坤华能源发展有限公司 | Power generation power prediction system and method based on equipment operation state and meteorological parameters |
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| CN2909664Y (en) * | 2006-05-23 | 2007-06-06 | 西安智海电力科技有限公司 | Photovoltaic power supply high efficient quick balance charging and discharging controller |
| CN202206330U (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-04-25 | 英利能源（中国）有限公司 | Control device for controlling photovoltaic cell to carry out stepped power generation along with illumination change of environment and solar photovoltaic power generation system |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2909664Y (en) * | 2006-05-23 | 2007-06-06 | 西安智海电力科技有限公司 | Photovoltaic power supply high efficient quick balance charging and discharging controller |
| CN202206330U (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-04-25 | 英利能源（中国）有限公司 | Control device for controlling photovoltaic cell to carry out stepped power generation along with illumination change of environment and solar photovoltaic power generation system |
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