CN102221251B - 一种分置降压式水/地能冷暖生活热水一体中央空调机组 - Google Patents

一种分置降压式水/地能冷暖生活热水一体中央空调机组 Download PDF

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CN102221251B
CN102221251B CN2011101291782A CN201110129178A CN102221251B CN 102221251 B CN102221251 B CN 102221251B CN 2011101291782 A CN2011101291782 A CN 2011101291782A CN 201110129178 A CN201110129178 A CN 201110129178A CN 102221251 B CN102221251 B CN 102221251B
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巢民强
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
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    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
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    • F25B30/06—Heat pumps characterised by the source of low potential heat
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    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/12—Heat pump
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    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
    • F24F2005/0057—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground receiving heat-exchange fluid from a closed circuit in the ground
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    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/002—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for geothermal
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    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
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    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/023—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units
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    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
    • F25B2313/0272—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using bridge circuits of one-way valves
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    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
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Abstract

本发明适用于空调领域，提供了一种分置降压式水/地能冷暖生活热水一体中央空调机组，其包括用管道串联连接的压缩机、热回收换热器、电磁阀、分置降压式水/地能换热器、电磁三通阀、使用侧换热器。本发明将水或土壤作为冷媒的直接冷热源，在制冷季节利用分散安置在水体或土壤中的降压式换热器作为冷凝器，直接冷凝冷媒放热；制取生活热水及采暖季节利用分散安置在水体或土壤中的降压式换热器作为蒸发器，直接蒸发冷媒吸热，换热效率大幅度提高，首创用长距氟路直接在水中或土壤中冷凝或蒸发，克服了现有水地源热泵因中间介质的多次换热带来的换热效率损失问题，系统能效比和稳定性成倍提高，极大地拓展了水地能热泵的应用范围。

Description

一种分置降压式水/地能冷暖生活热水一体中央空调机组
技术领域
本发明属于空调设备领域，尤其涉及一种分置降压式水/地能冷暖生活热水一体中央空调机组领域，更具体地说，是一种涉及将冷凝器或蒸发器分置在水或土壤中并利用水能或地能直接与冷媒换热的冷暖生活热水一体中央空调机组。
背景技术
建筑能耗已经占到社会总能耗的40%以上，而建筑能耗中采暖、制冷和制生活热水的能耗又占到建筑能耗的70%。因此，利用清洁再生能源降低采暖、制冷和制生活热水的能耗和排放是全社会实现节能减排的关键。
目前、利用地表水、地下水或地热能作为冷热源的地源热泵空调系统，具有显著节能（一般至少能节省50%以上能耗）、舒适环保、能效比高、零空气排放零污染、不受气候影响等优点。现已在世界范围得到广泛应用，成为新能源领域最具可靠性、经济性、实用性的清洁再生能源产品。中国中央政府及地方政府已大力扶持推广此项新能源技术的应用，设立多项基金奖励应用地源热泵中央空调系统。但是现有地源热泵中央空调采用低效率的水环管路换热原理具有极大的局限性，其在利用地表水时因需要的水体水量大易受季节和其他环境因素影响，不能确保长期稳定的运行；利用地下水时因需要的水量大易造成地面沉降和受到政府政策限制，同时还有地下水带来的管路堵塞腐蚀难以避免；利用地下埋管受地质水文环境限制，需占用大量土地资源和增加巨额工程造价。现有地源热泵中央空调机组的工作原理也使其能效比在4.0~5.0附近形成难以突破的瓶颈。现有地源热泵中央空调的局限性极大地影响了它的使用范围。
利用空气显热吸收冷媒的气化前热的风冷冷水机组具有安装方便、适应性广、模块化设计，且可安装在屋顶、阳台等建筑场所，不占用有效建筑面积，节省了土建投资，目前风冷冷水机组在全国各地都有广泛的应用。但由于风冷热泵自身的特点，其也受到了限制多方面限制：1、空气源热泵的性能随室外气候变化明显。室外空气温度高于40-45℃或低于-5～-15℃时,热泵机组不能正常工作；2、风冷热泵能效比约为2.5-3.2，换热效率低，耗能大；3、热泵机组的噪音较大，对环境及相邻房间有一定影响。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种分置降压式水/地能冷暖生活热水一体中央空调机组，旨在解决现有技术中运用地源热泵中央空调带来的的换热效率低、水环管路能耗大、占用水土资源多及工程造价高的问题。
本发明是这样实现的，一种分置降压式水/地能冷暖生活热水一体中央空调机组，用管道将压缩机1、热回收换热器2、第一单向电磁阀5、分置降压式水/地能换热器3、使用侧换热器4、第二单向电磁阀6依次串联连接，第二单向电磁阀6再与压缩机1连接，第三单向电磁阀7与串接的第二单向电磁阀6、使用侧换热器4和分置降压式水/地能换热器3并联连接，电磁三通阀8与串接的第一单向电磁阀5和分置降压式水/地能换热器3并联连接，同时使电磁三通阀8与使用侧换热器4并联连接。
上述热回收换热器2采用不锈钢管换热器、壳管式换热器、或套管式换热器。
上述分置降压式水/地能换热器3采用不锈钢降压式换热器、镍铜管降压式换热器、或钛合金/耐高温高传导非金属降压式换热器。
上述使用侧换热器4是冷水换热的板式换热器、套管式换热器、壳管式换热器或空气换热的翅片式换热器、直膨式换热器。
上述热回收换热器2与生活热水出水管14、生活热水侧储用水设备、生活热水进水管13、生活热水循环泵12串联连接，形成热回收侧热量交换的水路系统。
上述使用侧换热器4与空调进水管10、空调侧循环泵9、空调出水管11、空调侧回水干管和空调侧未端风机盘管组成空调使用侧热量交换水路系统。
上述分置降压式水/地能换热器3可为土壤填埋式换热器、湖泊水源换热器、深井水源换热器、废水换热器或海洋水源换热器。
采用上述技术方案，本发明将水或土壤作为冷媒的直接冷热源，在制冷季节利用分散安置在水体或土壤中的降压式换热器作为冷凝器，直接冷凝冷媒放热；采暖季节利用分散安置在水体或土壤中的降压式换热器作为蒸发器，直接蒸发冷媒吸热，换热效率大幅度提高，彻底改变了现有地源热泵用安置水中或土壤中的水环管路系统换热的原理和方法，首创用长距氟路直接在水中或土壤中冷凝或蒸发，克服了现有水地源热泵因中间介质的多次换热带来的换热效率损失问题，大大减少了水土资源占用面积体量及工程造价，系统能效比和稳定性成倍提高，彻底突破了地理地质水文环境对使用热泵的限制，极大地拓展了水/地能热泵的应用范围，具有极其重大深远的社会经济价值。
本发明还同时设有了热回收换热器，所述热回收换热器与中央空调机组设有的压缩机和电磁阀连接，这样使用者可以在使用制冷空调的同时免费制取生活热水，在过渡季节及供暖季节同样可以制取生活热水，极大的方便了日常生活中使用热水的需要。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的系统原理图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
请参照图1，为本发明的一较佳实施例，一种分置降压式水/地能冷暖生活热水一体中央空调机组，用管道将压缩机1、热回收换热器2、第一单向电磁阀5、分置降压式水/地能换热器3、使用侧换热器4、第二单向电磁阀6依次串联连接，第二单向电磁阀6再与压缩机1连接，第三单向电磁阀7与串接的第二单向电磁阀6、使用侧换热器4和分置降压式水/地能换热器3并联连接，电磁三通阀8与串接的第一单向电磁阀5和分置降压式水/地能换热器3并联连接，同时使电磁三通阀8与使用侧换热器4并联连接。
上述连接形成一个可使冷媒可在其中循环运转的系统，完成分置降压式水地能冷暖生活热水一体中央空调机组的供暖、制冷及制取生活热水的功能。
请参阅图1，所述热回收换热器2为板式换热器，其也可以为壳管式换热器、套管式换热器等。上述热回收换热器2与生活热水出水管14、生活热水侧储用水设备、生活热水进水管13、生活热水循环泵12串联连接，形成热回收侧热量交换的水路系统。
请参阅图1，分置降压式水/地能换热器3为地埋不锈钢降压式换热器，其也可以为镍铜管降压式换热器、钛合金或其他合金降压式换热器等，它们均是利用了水体或土壤冷热源直接与换热器中的制冷剂进行热量交换来达到节能的目的。
请参阅图1，所述使用侧换热器4为板式换热器，其也可以为壳管式换热器、套管式换热器等。该使用侧换热器4与空调进水管10、空调侧循环泵9、空调出水管11、空调侧回水干管和空调侧未端风机盘管组成空调使用侧热量交换水路系统。
本实施例具有以下三种工作状况，在这三种工作状态中，所述热回收换热器2为板式换热器，分置降压式水/地能换热器3为防腐金属或非金属降压式换热器，所述使用侧换热器4为板式换热器。
一、空调制冷+生活热水运行
请参阅图1，分置降压式水地能冷暖生活热水一体中央空调机组接通电源后，压缩机1开始工作，通过压缩机1做功，制冷剂由低温低压气体变为高温高压的气体后，流向热回收换热器2，制冷剂在热回收换热器2中部分冷凝放热后的制冷剂流向电磁阀5，流向分置降压式水/地能换热器3，制冷剂在分置降压式水/地能换热器3继续放热冷凝为低压制冷剂液体后流向使用侧换热器4，制冷剂在使用侧换热器4吸热蒸发为气体后流经电磁阀6然后再流向压缩机1进入下一循环。
所述循环中，电磁阀5、6打开；电磁阀7关闭，电磁三通阀8关闭（a、b、c点全部关闭）。
空调水系统在空调循环泵9的带动下由空调回水管10流入使用侧换热器（蒸发器）4进行热交换，温度变低后经空调供水管11流向用户风机盘管，为用户提供冷量。
生活热水系统在生活热水泵12的带动下由生活热水回水管13流入热回收换热器2进行热交换，温度升高后经生活热水出水管14流向用户终端或储水箱，为用户提供生活热水所需热量。
二、空调制热+生活热水运行
请参阅图1，分置式水地能冷暖生活热水一体中央空调机组接通电源后，压缩机1开始工作，通过压缩机1做功，制冷剂由低温低压气体变为高温高压的气体后，流向热回收换热器2，制冷剂在热回收换热器2中部分冷凝放热后的制冷剂流向电磁三通阀8（a、b点接通，c点关闭），流向使用侧换热器4，制冷剂在使用侧换热器4继续放热冷凝为制冷剂液体后流向分置降压式水/地能换器3，制冷剂在分置降压式水/地能换热器3中吸热蒸发为气体后流向电磁阀7，再由电磁阀7流向压缩机1进入下一循环。
所述循环中，电磁阀5、6关闭；电磁阀7打开、电磁三通阀8 a、b点接通打开，c点关闭。
空调水系统在空调循环泵9的带动下由空调回水管10流入使用侧换热器（冷凝器）4进行热交换，温度升高后经空调供水管11流向用户风机盘管，为用户提供热量。
生活热水系统在生活热水泵12的带动下由生活热水回水管13流入热回收换热器2进行热交换，温度升高后经生活热水出水管14流向用户终端或储水箱，为用户提供生活热水所需热量。
三、生活热水运行
请参阅图1，分置降压式水地能冷暖生活热水一体中央空调机组接通电源后，压缩机1开始工作，通过压缩机1做功，制冷剂由低温低压气体变为高温高压的气体后，流向热回收换热器2，制冷剂在热回收换热器2中冷凝放热后的制冷剂液体流向电磁三通阀8（a、c点接通， b点关闭），流向分置降压式水/地能换器3，制冷剂在分置降压式水/地能换热器3中吸热蒸发为气体后流向电磁阀7，再由电磁阀7流向压缩机1进入下一循环。
所述循环中，电磁阀5、6关闭；电磁阀7打开、电磁三通阀8 a、c点接通打开， b点关闭。
生活热水系统在生活热水泵12的带动下由生活热水回水管13流入热回收换热器2（冷凝器）进行热交换，温度升高后经生活热水出水管14流向用户终端或储水箱，为用户提供生活热水所需热量。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种分置降压式水/地能冷暖生活热水一体中央空调机组，其特征在于：压缩机（1）、热回收换热器（2）、第一单向电磁阀（5）、分置降压式水/地能换热器（3）、使用侧换热器（4）、第二单向电磁阀（6）依次通过管道串联连接，第二单向电磁阀（6）再与压缩机（1）连接，第三单向电磁阀（7）与串接的第二单向电磁阀（6）、使用侧换热器（4）和分置降压式水/地能换热器（3）并联连接，电磁三通阀（8）与串接的第一单向电磁阀（5）和分置降压式水/地能换热器（3）并联连接，同时使电磁三通阀（8）与使用侧换热器（4）并联连接。
2.如权利要求1所述的中央空调机组，其特征在于：所述热回收换热器（2）采用壳管式换热器或套管式换热器。
3.如权利要求1所述的中央空调机组，其特征在于：所述分置降压式水/地能换热器（3）采用不锈钢降压式换热器、镍铜管降压式换热器、或钛合金或耐高温高传导非金属降压式换热器。
4.如权利要求1所述的中央空调机组，其特征在于：所述使用侧换热器（4）是冷水换热的板式换热器、套管式换热器、壳管式换热器或空气换热的翅片式换热器、直膨式换热器。
5.如权利要求2所述的中央空调机组，其特征在于：所述热回收换热器（2）与生活热水出水管（14）、生活热水侧储用水设备、生活热水进水管（13）、生活热水循环泵（12）串联连接，形成热回收侧热量交换的水路系统。
6.如权利要求4所述的中央空调机组，其特征在于：所述使用侧换热器（4）与空调进水管（10）、空调侧循环泵（9）、空调出水管（11）、空调侧回水干管和空调侧未端风机盘管组成空调使用侧热量交换水路系统。
7.如权利要求1所述的中央空调机组，其特征在于：所述分置降压式水/地能换热器（3）为土壤填埋式换热器、湖泊水源换热器、深井水源换热器、废水换热器或海洋水源换热器。
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