CN102213576A - Exploder - Google Patents

Abstract

The conventional various exploders for coal mines in China can detonate detonators and cause gas or coal dust explosion simultaneously and are instable in performance. The MF2 exploder can safely and reliably detonate the detonators, cannot cause gas or coal dust explosion and is stable in performance. The method is that: n energy storage capacitors are connected in parallel between an anode a and a cathode b of a known voltage-multiplying rectifying circuit, so that charging capacitor series output voltage Uab is storage capacitor parallel output voltage Uab in a variable voltage-multiplying rectifying circuit, wherein if the charging capacitance C=C1=C2=C3 and the energy storage capacitance C0=C01=C02=C03, Uab=Uc1+Uc2=Uc01=Uc02=Uc03; and in order to reduce the series voltage Uab between the charging capacitors C1 and C2 and reduce the discharging influence of voltage Uc3 of a charging capacitor C3 on a load RL, the charging capacitance C is far less than the energy storage capacitance C0, namely C is far less than C0.

Description

Exploder

Technical field the present invention is the apparatus to cause bursting that is used for the colliery detonating primer, and the safe and reliable detonating primer of energy can not cause gas or coal-dust explosion.

The background technology China's coal-mine all is to utilize charging capacitor series connection output high-tension electricity detonating primer in the voltage doubling rectifing circuit with various exploder now, utilizes mechanical switch control 4mS (millisecond) power-on time (annotating 1).Be the problem that example explanation China's coal-mine now exists with the high-tension circuit and the mechanical switch of various exploder now with MFD-100 type exploder.

1, among Fig. 1, C ₁=C ₂=C ₃=C ₄=33 μ F/500V are electrochemical capacitors; C ₅=C ₆=0.047 μ F/2KV is a ceramic disc capacitor, and Fig. 1 is known 4 voltage doubling rectifing circuits, utilizes charging capacitor C ₁-C ₄Series voltage U _AbDetonating primer R _LCapacitances in series is used, and the output characteristics variation mainly shows output current and reduces, and discharge time is elongated, and this exploder detonating primer finishes, actual measurement high-tension circuit residual voltage (annotating 2) U ₄=760V, its spark of high like this voltage (arc light) energy is far longer than the energy of actuation gas or coal dust, if during (1) switch S power supply 4mS in time power cutoff or hinder for some reason leak electricity; (2) gas or coal dust concentration are fit in the air Fried; (3) detonation circuit opens circuit or lead overlap joint generation spark, when three kinds of situations take place simultaneously, will cause gas or coal-dust explosion.

2, switch S is to utilize the reverse torsion of spring to come the open and close circuit and control the 4mS power-on time.During switch S work, twist spring, associated online tool part produces wearing and tearing, the speed that reduction is opened and closed because of friction; The twisting repeatedly of spring and the fatigue phenomenon of metal will make camber of spring, must reduce the turn-off speed of switch.

3, electrochemical capacitor for a long time need not, pellumina is attenuation gradually, reduces electrode insulation intensity; Electrochemical capacitor uses for a long time, and pellumina is thickening gradually, and capacitance reduces gradually, therefore now descends gradually with exploder detonating primer ability.

Comprehensively above-mentioned, China's coal-mine now can cause gas or coal-dust explosion with various exploder, and unstable properties.

Summary of the invention provides a kind of MF at the problem that China's coal-mine now exists with various exploder ₂The type exploder can not cause gas or coal-dust explosion during detonating primer, and stable performance.Now with MF ₂The high-tension circuit of-150 type exploders is its security, a reliability of example explanation.

1, exploder electric parameter: detonating primer ability F=150 sends out; Load resistance R _L=920 Ω, output crest voltage U _Ab=2.5KV; Momentum K 〉=8.7A ignites ²MS; Residual voltage U ₄=0.24V.

2, main electrical equipment parameter: among Fig. 2, charging capacitor C=C ₁=C ₂=C ₃=6800PF/3KV, storage capacitor C ₀=C ₀₁=C ₀₂=C ₀₃=0.47 μ f/3KV considers a C ₀₁Energy is not enough, increases C ₀₂, C ₀₃To guarantee igniting 150 detonators simultaneously.

3, Fig. 2 circuit engineering scheme is at known 3 voltage doubling rectifing circuit output a and b and meets storage capacitor C ₀₁, C ₀₂And C ₀₃, become charging capacitor C like this ₁With C ₂The series connection output voltage U _Ab=U _C1+ U _C2Be storage capacitor C ₀₁, C ₀₂And C ₀₃Output voltage U in parallel _Ab, i.e. U _Ab=U _C1+ U _C2=U _C01=U _C02=U _C03, so storage capacitor C ₀Good output characteristics has been arranged.For reducing charging capacitor C ₁With C ₂Series voltage U _AbAnd charging capacitor C ₃Voltage U _C3To load R _LThe influence of discharge highlights storage capacitor C ₀To load R _LDischarge process, must be far smaller than storage capacitor by charging capacitor, promptly C＜＜C ₀

4, be security, the reliability of proof Fig. 2 circuit, calculate high-tension circuit residual voltage U when igniting 150 detonator power supply 4mS ₄

$U_4=U_{\mathrm{ab}}{e}^{-\frac{t}{R_L{C}_0}}=2500\×e^{-\frac{0.004}{920\×0.47\×{10}^{-6}}}=2500\×e^{-9.25}$

$=2500\×0.000096=0.24V$

This voltage can not produce spark (annotating 3) and can not cause gas or coal-dust explosion far below 6V.As can be seen from Figure 2, during exploder work, no matter what's wrong, comprise short circuit, open circuit, any component wear, to external circuit or there is not voltage output, or the highest output 2.5KV voltage, decay to 0.24V through 4mS, so this circuit is safety but also reliable not only, and control power supply 4mS device must be set.

Description of drawings is done an explanation below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments to the present invention.

Fig. 1 is a MFD-100 type exploder high-tension circuit key wiring diagram.

Fig. 2 is MF ₂-150 type exploder high-tension circuit key wiring diagrams.

Fig. 3 is MF ₂-150 type exploder key wiring diagrams.

The specific embodiment 1, Fig. 3 are made of 3 circuit; Whether measuring circuit-measurement detonating primer circuit is connected; Charging circuit-to storage capacitor C ₀Charging; Detonation circuit-storage capacitor C ₀To detonator R _LDischarge.Above circuit switch S centralized Control.

(1) the switch S contact bridge places 0 (also being to ignite the position), and each circuit is not worked, contact S _11-41, S _13-43Connect detonation circuit, but because of storage capacitor C ₀Charging can be to load R _LDischarge.

(2) switch S clockwise rotates 60 ° to the measuring position: disconnect detonation circuit, contact S _21-51, 5 _22-52Connected by Cy circuit, luminous tube V ₆, load resistance R _L, triode V ₄, resistance R ₁The common base measuring circuit of forming is also connected winding L simultaneously ₁Centre tap, resistance R ₁With the negative pole of battery pack E, multivibrator DZ starting oscillation, the Cy circuit produces voltage U _Ef, triode V ₄Conducting, luminous tube V ₆Bright, the detonation circuit connection is described.Triode V ₄Output resistance r ₀Very high, measure electric current (being collector current) substantially not with load R _LChange.

(3) switch S is rotated further 60 ° to charge position: disconnect measuring circuit, contact S _33-63Connect L ₃Winding n end and capacitor C ₁B end, storage capacitor C ₀₁, C ₀₂, C ₀₃The anodal a of one termination voltage doubling rectifing circuit BZ, the negative pole b of another termination voltage doubling rectifing circuit BZ, simultaneously, contact S _32-62Connect the negative pole of battery pack E, triode V ₃Emitter stage and L ₁The winding centre tap, multivibrator starting oscillation, voltage doubling rectifing circuit output voltage U _AbTo storage capacitor C ₀₁, C ₀₂, C ₀₃Charging is when charging to the rated peak voltage U _AbThe time, capacitor C ₅Voltage U _C5＞U _W+ 0.7V (U in the formula _WBe voltage-stabiliser tube V ₁₁The voltage stabilizing value) triode V ₃Conducting, luminous tube V ₅Bright, storage capacitor C is described ₀₁, C ₀₂, C ₀₃Charging finishes.

(4) switch S is rotated further 60 ° again to igniting the position: disconnect charging circuit, contact 5 _11-41, S _13-43Connect detonation circuit, storage capacitor C ₀₁, C ₀₂, C ₀₃Simultaneously to load resistance R _LDischarge.Charging capacitor C ₁With C ₂Series voltage U _Ab, charging capacitor C ₃Voltage U _C3Also to load resistance R _LThe discharge, but because of charging capacitor C only be storage capacitor C ₀1/70, so discharge energy is very little, discharge time is very short, compares with storage capacitor and can ignore.

Each component parameters of Fig. 3 sees Table 1

2, main element calculation of parameter and making: at first set exploder detonating primer ability, the related elements parameter can be calculated like this, but for ease of design reference table 2, treats that debugging finishes and redefines.

(1) load resistance is made of two parts: every of detonator resistance is pressed 6 Ω and is calculated, and ignites lead and calculates by 20 Ω.

(2) storage capacitor C ₀Calculating: circuit residual voltage U when at first setting detonating primer power supply 4mS ₄Be some values less than 6V,

In the formula, U ₄Set crest voltage U _Ab, load resistance R _L, power-on time t is known, so storage capacitor C ₀Be critical elements, should adopt self-healing polypropylene Coating Materials to make, for reducing or offseting charging capacitor C load R _LThe discharge influence, storage capacitor C ₀Should adopt negative error.Exploder almost works in short-circuit condition sometimes, tests 2 times so should do the short circuit dischange of rated voltage, and indeformable, fixed value is qualified.In addition, also to test according to " colliery electric equipment test rules ".

(3) calculating of charging capacitor C: C=(0.1-0.01) C ₀, the too small charging rate that influences of C value.

(4) number of turns of transformer T can be tested definite.Press the manufacturing of miniature transformer production technology.Test according to " colliery electric equipment test rules ".

(5) switch S is one and must private key opens, and can only clockwise direction rotates, revolution is an off-position for 60 °, 3 high pressure multipole switches that contact bridge rotates synchronously.Must test qualified can the use according to " colliery electric equipment test rules ".

3, debugging (be preferably on the brassboard and carry out) needs the listed instrument of table 3, instrument, and wherein preceding 4 degrees of accuracy must not be lower than 0.5 grade.(1) debugging preceding switch S places 0, load resistance R _LReplace the electrostatic voltmeter and the momentum instrument place in circuit that ignites with equivalent enamelled resistor.(2) switch S goes to the measuring position: the debugging resistance R ₁Or resistance R ₂Resistance make luminous tube V ₆Normally luminous; (3) switch S goes to charge position: the debugging multivibrator makes crest voltage U _AbMaximum; Adjust winding L ₃(also L ₁) the number of turns or adjust the rectification multiple of voltage doubling rectifing circuit BZ.Make crest voltage U _AbBe table 2 setting value; Adjust resistance R ₃Or capacitor C ₅Or voltage-stabiliser tube V ₁₁, make luminous tube V ₅Normally luminous; (4) switch S goes to and ignites the position: storage capacitor C ₀To the enamelled resistor discharge, if ignite momentum K＜8.7A ²Ms can take following way to solve: A, increase winding L ₃The number of turns or increase the rectification multiple of voltage doubling rectifing circuit BZ, to improve crest voltage U _Ab, but be up to 3KV; B, increase storage capacitor C ₀Number; C, raising storage capacitor C ₀Capacitance; To residual voltage U ₄Getting maximum is U ₄=5.9V, storage capacitor at this moment

Momentum K 〉=8.7A if ignite ²Ms can carry out the detonating primer test; At this moment load resistance R _LUse 1 detonator instead and be connected in series equivalent enamelled resistor.Repeat above-mentioned debugging step, detonator should explode, and measures residual voltage U ₄, should conform to calculated value.

Because adopt multivibrator, power output is bigger, the charging interval need not debugged and just can be satisfied GB GB7958-87 the 2nd page table 1 regulation.

Points for attention: (1) crest voltage U _Ab, load resistance R _L, residual voltage U ₄, any parameter change wherein, storage capacitor C ₀Should recomputate, circuit is debugged again, residual voltage U ₄Must be less than 6V, crest voltage U _AbMust not be greater than 3KV.

Annotate 1 and see GB GB7958-87 " colliery capacitor blasting machine " the 2nd page table 1 for details;

Annotate the crest voltage U of storage capacitor output in 2 exploders _AB, the voltage during to detonator discharge 4mS is residual voltage;

Notes 3 draw from 5 people such as " explosion-proof electrification technology and application " Wang Wenyi to be write, and Heilungkiang science tech publishing house publishes, and book number is published in August, 15217177,1985, in the book the 314th page " 3 capacitive circuit ".

Table 1

Table 2

Detonating primer ability (sending out)	50	100	150	200
					Load resistance R L(Ω)	320	620	920	1220
Storage capacitor C 0(individual)	1	2	3	4
					Crest voltage (KV)	0.9	1.6	2.5	3.0
Voltage doubling rectifing circuit rectification multiple	2	2	3	4

Table 3

Title	Range	The degree of accuracy	Purposes
				Electrostatic voltmeter	0-5KV	0.5	Measure crest voltage U ab
D.C. voltmeter	0-10V	0.5	Measure residual voltage U 4
				The direct current wheatstone bridge	0-2KΩ	0.5	The sensing lead resistance R L
Capacitance meter	0-200μF	0.5	Measure electric capacity
				Oscillograph			The debugging multivibrator
Universal meter			The multiple parameter of bigness scale
				The momentum instrument ignites			Measure the exploder momentum that ignites

Claims (2)

1. voltage doubling rectifing circuit utilizes the charging capacitor series connection to produce high voltage, a just very, and negative pole is b, it is characterized in that n storage capacitor one termination voltage doubling rectifing circuit positive pole a, another termination voltage doubling rectifing circuit negative pole b;

2. voltage doubling rectifing circuit according to claim 1 is characterized in that charging capacitor C must be far smaller than storage capacitor C ₀Be C=(0.1-0.01) C ₀

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