CN102212840A - Metal anode for aqueous solution electrolysis system - Google Patents
Metal anode for aqueous solution electrolysis system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102212840A CN102212840A CN2010101395255A CN201010139525A CN102212840A CN 102212840 A CN102212840 A CN 102212840A CN 2010101395255 A CN2010101395255 A CN 2010101395255A CN 201010139525 A CN201010139525 A CN 201010139525A CN 102212840 A CN102212840 A CN 102212840A
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- electrode
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- aqueous solution
- porous metal
- metal anode
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005363 electrowinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001652 electrophoretic deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- BIXNGBXQRRXPLM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(3+);trichloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.Cl[Ru](Cl)Cl BIXNGBXQRRXPLM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003608 titanium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Landscapes
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种用于水溶液电解体系的金属阳极，其特征在于以多孔金属材料为基体、表面负载高活性催化剂。多孔金属材料比表面积大，有利于增加电极活性面积减少电流密度，并且有利于催化剂的负载。多孔金属材料可以采用粉末冶金法制得。本发明提供的金属阳极可用水溶液电解体系，特别是膜电解碳酸钠溶液体系，可降低析氧过电位，实现降低电耗。The invention provides a metal anode for an aqueous solution electrolysis system, which is characterized in that a porous metal material is used as a matrix and a highly active catalyst is loaded on the surface. The porous metal material has a large specific surface area, which is beneficial to increase the active area of the electrode, reduce the current density, and facilitate the loading of the catalyst. Porous metal materials can be prepared by powder metallurgy. The metal anode provided by the invention can use an aqueous solution electrolysis system, especially a membrane electrolysis sodium carbonate solution system, which can reduce the oxygen evolution overpotential and reduce power consumption.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the aqueous electrolysis field, relate to a kind of oxygen electrode of analysing, particularly porous metal electrode, utilize its high-specific surface area to reduce oxygen evolution potential.
Background technology
The theoretical electrolysis voltage that brine electrolysis is produced hydrogen and oxygen is 1.23V, but in fact, because overpotential, bath resistance and other resistance factor in oxygen and the hydrogen formation reaction process, it is high that the voltage ratio theoretical value of actual needs is wanted, between 1.65-2.4V.The existence of overpotential has increased the brine electrolysis energy consumption, according to Faraday's law, produces 1m
3(standard) hydrogen, theoretical power consumption is 2.87kWh, and actual electric weight is 2 times of theoretical power consumption.Therefore, should manage to reduce the electrode overpotential, to reduce the brine electrolysis energy consumption.
Electrolytic process in alkaline aqueous solution, higher overpotential for oxygen evolution are the major causes that causes high energy consumption.The method that reduces overpotential for oxygen evolution at present mainly contains following three kinds: (1) improves reacting liquid temperature; (2) increase electrode area; (3) apply high activated catalyst at electrode surface.Improve reacting liquid temperature for water solution system, the boiling point of water is the limit, and the pressurization that continues to heat will further increase cost.The development work of high activated catalyst is the research focus always, but catalyzer is in the load of electrode surface and solution not yet in effect, and the catalyzer obscission is serious.Thereby can reduce current density reduction overpotential for oxygen evolution though increase electrode area, the simple electrode size that increases can make the electrolyzer cost of investment increase greatly.
In addition, the novel process of aqueous electrolysis industry has proposed new requirement to analysing oxygen electrode.Proposed to improve the novel process that alumina producing efficient can realize the recycle of alkali lye again in the Chinese invention patent " a kind of technology of producing aluminum oxide by alkali dissolving carbonation method (application number 200710178670.2) ".The electrolytic carbon acid sodium solution prepares sodium hydroxide solution and sodium hydrogen carbonate solution is the key point of whole process flow in this technology.The anode of this electrowinning process is analysed oxygen, and cathode hydrogen evolution, the bath voltage during work are produced required power consumption than higher up to 2.5-2.9V.Therefore, under the condition of operating device cost of investment, effectively reduce the electrowinning process bath voltage, this technology is realized that industrialization is significant.
Summary of the invention
According to Ta Feier equation η=a+blgi, wherein a and b are positive number.When electrode active material fixedly the time, a, b numerical value are certain.If current density i increases, the then corresponding increase of overpotential η.On the other hand, current density i=I/S, I are strength of current, and S is an electrode area.Hence one can see that, and when the strength of current I of the electrode of flowing through one timing, overpotential η and lgS are inversely proportional to, and promptly increase electrode area S and can reduce overpotential η.That is to say, in the aqueous electrolysis system, under the electrode material condition identical, increase electrode area and can reduce the overpotential η that analyses oxygen electrode, still, increase electrode area merely and can increase equipment investment cost greatly with catalyzer.
At above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, the present invention proposes the metal anode of the big expanded metal of a kind of specific surface area as anode substrate, load high activated catalyst, to reduce the overpotential for oxygen evolution of aqueous electrolysis system.
The metal anode that is used for the aqueous electrolysis system that the present invention proposes is characterized in that with the porous metal material being matrix, the area load high activated catalyst.
The porous metal electrode that the present invention proposes by the repressed slabbing of spherical or erose metal or alloy powder, is made through sintering again.Material internal has the three-dimensional pore space structure of being made up of micron hole on equally distributed connection macroporosity and the hole wall, volume porosity is 30%～60%, and opening porosity is 60～99.7%, 1～100 micron of mean pore size, Young's modulus is 0.5～37GPa, and ultimate compression strength is 0.04～2.2GPa.
The porous metal electrode that the present invention proposes, its material can be various metal or alloy such as titanium, stainless steel, nickel, copper.Consider from anti-corrosion anodic angle, be advisable with titanium.
The porous metal electrode that the present invention proposes, its surface-coated catalyst layer.Catalyzer is the material that can reduce overpotential for oxygen evolution, for example catalytic removal of nox and other metal oxide.The method that applies can be that presoma is coated in porous metal sheet surface, high temperature sintering again, maybe the catalyzer for preparing is adopted the mode of electrophoretic deposition, or adopts electrochemical method directly synthetic in porous metal sheet surface electrical.
The porous metal electrode that the present invention proposes because its inside has vesicular structure, can effectively increase the electrochemical activity surface-area of electrode, and help supported catalyst, thereby effectively reduce the anodic overpotential for oxygen evolution, realizes energy-saving and cost-reducing purpose.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with comparative example and embodiment.
Comparative example 1
After alkali cleaning oil removing washing, etching 3h in oxalic acid solution (10%) then is placed in the distilled water standby with netted titanium electrode substrate.With chloro-iridic acid (H
2IrCl
66H
2O, AR, Beijing Non-Fervoous Metal Inst.), propyl carbinol and concentrated hydrochloric acid mix by 1: 10: 1 volume ratio, evenly be coated on the above-mentioned titanium net matrix with soft woollen goods brush pen, dry 10min down in 120 ℃, then at 450 ℃ of predetermined roasting temperature 15min, repetitive coatings-drying-roasting process 4 times promptly makes the titanium base and is coated with the iridium mesh electrode.
With ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer detecting electrode performance, it is anode that this titanium is coated with iridium electrode, and it is negative electrode that nickel is coated with ruthenium electrode, and cationic membrane is a barrier film, and the electrolytic solution of positive column is the Na of 1.5mol/L
2CO
3Solution, the electrolytic solution in cathodic area are the NaOH solution of 6.5mol/L, and cathode and anode spacing is about 4mm, and the electrolytic tank electrode useful area is 120cm
2, electrolysis under 75 ℃ condition is when current density is 1000A/m
2The time average cell voltage be about 2.60V.
Embodiment 1
After alkali cleaning oil removing washing, etching 3h in oxalic acid solution (10%) then is placed in the distilled water standby with powder metallurgy gained titanium plate.With chloro-iridic acid (H
2IrCl
66H
2O, AR, Beijing Non-Fervoous Metal Inst.), propyl carbinol and concentrated hydrochloric acid mix by 1: 10: 1 volume ratio, evenly be coated on the above-mentioned powder metallurgy titanium matrix with soft woollen goods brush pen, dry 10min down in 120 ℃, then at 450 ℃ of predetermined roasting temperature 15min, repetitive coatings-drying-roasting process 4 times promptly makes powder metallurgy titanium base and is coated with iridium electrode.
With ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer detecting electrode performance, it is anode that this powder metallurgy titanium base is coated with iridium electrode, and it is negative electrode that nickel is coated with ruthenium electrode, and cationic membrane is a barrier film, and the electrolytic solution of positive column is the Na of 1.5mol/L
2CO
3Solution, the electrolytic solution in cathodic area are the NaOH solution of 6.5mol/L, and cathode and anode spacing is about 4mm, and the electrolytic tank electrode useful area is 120cm
2, electrolysis under 75 ℃ condition is when current density is 1000A/m
2The time average cell voltage be about 2.52V.
Embodiment 2
After alkali cleaning oil removing washing, etching 3h in oxalic acid solution (10%) then is placed in the distilled water standby with powder metallurgy titanium plate.With hydrate ruthenium trichloride (RuCl
3NH
2O, GR, Shanghai Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Sinopharm Group), propyl carbinol and concentrated hydrochloric acid mix by 1: 10: 1 volume ratio, evenly be coated on the above-mentioned Ti mmaterial matrix with soft woollen goods brush pen, dry 10min down in 120 ℃, then at 450 ℃ of predetermined roasting temperature 15min, repetitive coatings-drying-roasting process 4 times promptly makes powder metallurgy titanium base and is coated with ruthenium electrode.
With ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer detecting electrode performance, it is anode that this powder metallurgy titanium base is coated with ruthenium electrode, and it is negative electrode that nickel is coated with ruthenium electrode, and cationic membrane is a barrier film, and the electrolytic solution of positive column is the Na of 1.5mol/L
2CO
3Solution, the electrolytic solution in cathodic area are the NaOH solution of 6.5mol/L, and cathode and anode spacing is about 4mm, and the electrolytic tank electrode useful area is 120cm
2, electrolysis under 75 ℃ condition is when current density is 1000A/m
2The time average cell voltage be about 2.56V.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101395255A CN102212840A (en) | 2010-04-06 | 2010-04-06 | Metal anode for aqueous solution electrolysis system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101395255A CN102212840A (en) | 2010-04-06 | 2010-04-06 | Metal anode for aqueous solution electrolysis system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102212840A true CN102212840A (en) | 2011-10-12 |
Family
ID=44744364
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101395255A Pending CN102212840A (en) | 2010-04-06 | 2010-04-06 | Metal anode for aqueous solution electrolysis system |
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| Country | Link |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108257784A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-07-06 | 湖南艾华集团股份有限公司 | Solid-state aluminum electrolytic capacitor and preparation method thereof |
| CN109266892A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-01-25 | 南昌航空大学 | The preparation method of electrolytic hydrogen production high intensity long life porous Ni-base solid solution |
| CN110238322A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-09-17 | 安徽明洋电子有限公司 | One kind double charactron shearing-foot device in bulk and its application method |
| CN110421049A (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2019-11-08 | 黄山兆能实业有限公司 | The preparation method of the antirust improvement direct application of slip barbecue stove idiosome of degreasing process |
| US10724145B2 (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2020-07-28 | Uchicago Argonne, Llc | Hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst |
| US11596928B2 (en) | 2019-09-26 | 2023-03-07 | Uchicago Argonne, Llc | Scalable Pt cluster and RuO2 heterojunction anode catalysts |
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2010
- 2010-04-06 CN CN2010101395255A patent/CN102212840A/en active Pending
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| CN2848876Y (en) * | 2005-07-20 | 2006-12-20 | 徐名勇 | Anode, structure of electrolytic ozone generator |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10724145B2 (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2020-07-28 | Uchicago Argonne, Llc | Hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst |
| CN108257784A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-07-06 | 湖南艾华集团股份有限公司 | Solid-state aluminum electrolytic capacitor and preparation method thereof |
| CN109266892A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-01-25 | 南昌航空大学 | The preparation method of electrolytic hydrogen production high intensity long life porous Ni-base solid solution |
| CN110238322A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-09-17 | 安徽明洋电子有限公司 | One kind double charactron shearing-foot device in bulk and its application method |
| CN110421049A (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2019-11-08 | 黄山兆能实业有限公司 | The preparation method of the antirust improvement direct application of slip barbecue stove idiosome of degreasing process |
| US11596928B2 (en) | 2019-09-26 | 2023-03-07 | Uchicago Argonne, Llc | Scalable Pt cluster and RuO2 heterojunction anode catalysts |
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Application publication date: 20111012 |