CN102210003A - System and apparatus for cathodoluminescent lighting - Google Patents
System and apparatus for cathodoluminescent lighting Download PDFInfo
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- CN102210003A CN102210003A CN2009801448525A CN200980144852A CN102210003A CN 102210003 A CN102210003 A CN 102210003A CN 2009801448525 A CN2009801448525 A CN 2009801448525A CN 200980144852 A CN200980144852 A CN 200980144852A CN 102210003 A CN102210003 A CN 102210003A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J63/00—Cathode-ray or electron-stream lamps
- H01J63/06—Lamps with luminescent screen excited by the ray or stream
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J1/02—Main electrodes
- H01J1/13—Solid thermionic cathodes
- H01J1/15—Cathodes heated directly by an electric current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
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Abstract
Electron sources for a cathodoluminescent lighting system are disclosed. An electron source is a broad-beam reflecting-type electron gun having a cathode for emitting electrons and a reflector and/or secondary emitter electrode and no grids. An alternative electron gun has a cathode having a heater welded to a disk, the disk having an emissive surface on a side facing a dome-shaped defocusing grid and an anode. A lighting system incorporating the electron sources has an envelope with a transparent face, an anode with a phosphor layer to emit light through the face and a conductor layer. The system also has a power supply for providing from five to thirty thousand volts of power to the light emitting device to draw electrons from cathode to anode and excite a cathodoluminescent phosphor, and the electrons transiting from cathode to anode are essentially unfocused. A power- factor-corrected embodiment is also disclosed.
Description
Related application
The application requires the priority of following temporary patent application: the 61/096th, No. 665 U.S. Patent application that on September 12nd, 2008 submitted to; The 61/164th, No. 852 U.S. Patent application that on March 30th, 2009 submitted to; With the 61/164th, No. 853 U.S. Patent application of submitting on March 30th, 2009, more than the disclosed content of application is incorporated the application into by introducing.
The application still is the 11/969th of submission on January 4th, 2008, the part continuation application of No. 840 U.S. Patent applications, this application requires the priority of the 60/888th, No. 187 U.S. Patent application of submission on February 5th, 2007, and its disclosed content is incorporated the application by reference into.
Technical field
The application relates to and has the cathode-ray apparatus that defocuses and the light-emitting device of drive circuit, and relates to the light-emitting device of the power factor with reinforcement.
Background technology
Usually, the light fixture that is used for general lighting uses the tungsten filament of heating to produce light.But since lot of energy all beyond heat and invisible infrared ray and ultraviolet form be depleted in the environment, so the common efficient of this process is not high.Other option means that is used to throw light on comprises fluorescent lamp and light-emitting diode.Though higher than the incandescent lamp efficient with tungsten filament, fluorescent lamp does not often have desirable spectral characteristic, and light-emitting diode is too expensive.
At least before a century, just know that the electronics that quickens by high voltage is also referred to as cathode-ray in a vacuum, can cause that the compound that is called as fluorophor is luminous when being subjected to electronic impact.In the century in the past, people concentrate on the device that the deflectable electron beam that uses tight focusing optionally excites this fluorophor in a large amount of effort of making aspect the cathodoluminescence pipe (CRT), to be used in TV, radio detector, sonar, computer, oscilloscope and the out of Memory display unit; These devices are called data hereinafter and show CRT.CRT usually and be not used in the purpose of general lighting.
Data show that CRT controls electron beam with deflection circuit usually, and do not have the tight focused beam meeting " burning " of deflection thus its fluoresent coating causes the permanent damage to CRT.These CRT often but always do not come work by the high-voltage power supply that links to each other with its deflection circuit.
Voltage multiplier by inverter drive is used for offering the required high voltage of electronics acceleration that data show CRT.For example, the 5th, 331, No. 255 United States Patent (USP) has been described a kind of DC to the DC rectifier, and inverter wherein drives Cockcroft-Wal (Cockroft-Walton) voltage multiplier that pauses with about 1MHz and is used to drive the high voltage that small-sized data show CRT with generation.
For example the electronic load of compact fluorescent lamp also tends to produce the electric current sharp wave, main voltage peak place at the AC waveform of importing.This electric current sharp wave causes load to have lower " power factor ", and this will make the power-supply system inefficiency.
Use a series of electronics to come the device of excited fluophor to need at least one electron source usually.Usually use thermionic cathode to produce the electron beam that is used for CRT, electron microscope, x ray tube and other application.In the most common use of CRT, the normally high electric current of target, fast modulation, tight focus and stable emission to the electrons emitted bundle.Negative electrode normally is used to launch, focus on and modulate the building block of the electron gun of institute's divergent bundle.
Summary of the invention
Herein disclosed is the electron source that is used for the cathodoluminescence system.Electron source is to have the negative electrode that is used for emitting electrons and the broad-beam condition reflection-type electron gun of reflector and/or secondary emission electrode, does not have grid in this electron source.Optionally electron gun has negative electrode, and negative electrode has the heater that is welded to disk body, and disk body has the surface of emission on a side that defocuses grid and anode of arch.The luminescent system of incorporating electron source into comprises shell with transparent area, has luminescent coating passes transparent area with emission light anode and conductor layer.Luminescent system also comprises power supply from 5 to 30 kilovolts of electric power to light-emitting device that be used for providing extracting electronics from the negative electrode anode and to excite the fluorophor of cathode-ray, and is out-of-focus substantially from the electronics that the negative electrode anode is transmitted.This paper also discloses the execution mode of power factor correcting.
In one embodiment, the general emitting cathode of directly-heated type hot electron that uses in light-emitting device has heating element and substrate, and this heating element is down " U " shape and has smooth top that means of substrate attachment is to the smooth top of heating element.On a side opposite with a side attached heater substrate is emission coating.
In another embodiment, light-emitting device has electron gun, and this electron gun has negative electrode and heating element, and this heating element has smooth top, and means of substrate attachment is to the smooth top of heating element.On a side opposite with a side attached heater substrate is emission coating.Heater is supported on two METAL HEATING PROCESS rods.Electron gun also comprise the metal that aligns with luminescent material extraction loop, align with the extraction loop of this metal and than the metal grate of its field moulding ring, convex be used to support the other parts of the electrode of electron gun further from the metal of luminescent material.Light-emitting device also has the shell that has applied anode and fluorophor.
In another embodiment, the cathode emission luminescent system has the shell of band transparent area and is used for the reflection electronic rifle of emitting electrons under wide emission mode, and anode and phosphor screen are formed on the shell; And power supply is used for providing the electric weight of at least two kilovolts between the negative electrode of cathodoluminescence system and anode.In this embodiment, the electronics from negative electrode directive anode is out-of-focus substantially.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the block diagram that comprises the luminescent system of cathodoluminescence device;
Fig. 1 is the block diagram that comprises the luminescent system of the cathodoluminescence device with power factor correcting and light modulation controllability;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that comprises the luminescent system of the cathodoluminescence device with thermionic cathode and inverter, wherein inverter have plus earth inductor;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of luminescent system with Fig. 1 of the adjunct circuit that is used for power factor correcting and light modulation controllability;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that comprises the luminescent system of the cathodoluminescence device with thermionic cathode and independent low-converter and inverter, and wherein inverter has the inductor of plus earth;
Fig. 5 is used in the direct-heated cathode that coils tungsten filament of the tubulose in the light-emitting device of negative electrode reflection and falls the graphic extension of cross section of cup type reflector;
Fig. 6 is the electron trajectory figure to the negative electrode simulation of Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 is positioned at the graphic extension of cross section that hemispheric before the plane sheet reflector coiled the negative electrode of filament;
Fig. 8 is the cathode electronics trace graphics of Fig. 7 of simulation;
Fig. 9 is the graphic extension of cross section with cartridge type negative electrode of hemispheric reflector;
Figure 10 illustrates the cathode electronics trace graphics of variant of Fig. 9 of simulation;
Figure 11 illustrates the conical negative electrode with smooth reflector;
The tubulose that Figure 12 illustrates in the light-emitting device that is used in reflection has coiled the direct-heated cathode of tungsten filament and the cross-sectional view of frustoconical reflector;
Figure 13 illustrates the optional negative electrode that has with the attached plate-like reflector of hairpin filament;
Figure 14 illustrates the negative electrode of the Figure 13 in general electrons emitted rifle;
Figure 15 illustrates the light-emitting device of the electron gun that comprises Figure 14;
Figure 16 illustrates the negative electrode of the Figure 13 from the general emitting electrons rifle that the right corner degree of Figure 14 is looked.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, cathodoluminescence system 100 (referring to Fig. 1-4) is by AC power supplies 102 power supplies of outside.Be DC power by rectifier 104 rectifications and filtered that from the AC power of power supply 102 rectifier 104 can be bridge rectifier (referring to Fig. 3) by capacitor 105.In the execution mode of working, can obtain about 160 volts dc voltage with 120 volts AC power supplies 102.In rectifier 104, can also exist filter part stoping in the emission coupling telegram in reply source 102 do not expect, and can protect cathodoluminescence system 100 not have spine and surging enters in the AC power supplies 102.DC power is imported into controller-inverter module 106 so that the AC power of high frequency to be provided.The AC power of high frequency is supplied to voltage doubling rectifier 108 conversely so that the high voltage that is suitable for 110 power supplies of cathodoluminescence pipe to be provided, and the low-voltage that the cathode heater that can also be provided as cathodoluminescence pipe 110 is in another example powered is (referring to Fig. 3, and in other example, can also be provided as the intermediate voltage of the reflector of cathodoluminescence pipe 110 and/or secondary emission electrode power supply element 168).
Fig. 3 illustrates the execution mode of the luminescent system 100 that comprises the cathodoluminescence device with the adjunct circuit that is used for power factor correcting and light modulation controllability.In this embodiment, electric power is provided by the AC power supplies 102 of outside, and it is also referred to as main power source AC.AC power from power supply 102 is to have the DC power of internal interface earth potential 148 and carry out filtering by capacitor 105 by bridge rectifier 104 rectifications.In the execution mode of working, can obtain about 160 volts dc voltage with 120 volts AC power supplies 102.In some embodiments, thereby the less feasible dc voltage that produces of the size of capacitor 105 has a large amount of fluctuations, in this embodiment, can see improved power factor.In the execution mode of working, can obtain about 320 volts dc voltage with 240 volts AC power supplies 102.In 104 of bridge rectifiers, can also exist filter part to stop in emission (for example coming the radio noise of self-controller-inverter module 156) the coupling telegram in reply source of not expecting 102.
Give 156 power supplies of controller-inverter module so that the AC power of high frequency to be provided from the DC power of rectifier 104 and capacitor 105, the AC power of this high frequency gives voltage doubling rectifier 158 power supplies so that the high voltage that is suitable for from the anode of cathodoluminescence pipe 160 to negative electrode to be provided conversely.
In the execution mode with power factor correcting and/or light modulation controllability, phase place and light modulation detector 174 can couple the power of introducing with monitoring by rectifier 104.In having the execution mode of power factor correcting, controller-inverter module 156 can be in response to the phase place that is detected by phase place and light modulation detector 174.In execution mode with light modulation controllability circuit, controller-inverter module 156 can come in the following manner in response to the light modulation setting that is detected, measured by phase place and light modulation detector 174: change the AC voltage of service voltage multiplier 158, change the brightness to the voltage and the pipe of negative electrode of the anode of supplying with cathodoluminescence pipe 160 thus; Perhaps change the quantity of power of supplying with the cathode heater (not shown) of cathodoluminescence pipe 160 by heating power source 168, change the emission of electron gun and the brightness of pipe thus.
In many execution modes, will divide the dc voltage feedback 178 that picks out to get back to controller-inverter 156 by the AC voltage of controller-inverter module 156 service voltage multipliers 158 or from the early stage level (early stage) of voltage multiplier 158 so that voltage-regulation to a certain degree to be provided.Thus, it is stable to the voltage of negative electrode that these execution modes can make the anode that offers cathodoluminescence pipe 160.In some embodiments, the heating power 166 or the grid voltage 162 of phase place and light modulation detector 174 target luminous tubes 160 are regulated.
Illustrate the execution mode of the cathodoluminescence system 100 of Fig. 1 or Fig. 3 among Fig. 2.In this embodiment, controller-inverter module 106 (as shown in the frame of broken lines) comprises the controller-driver 202 of control switch transistor 204.As be known in the art, switching transistor 204 can be nmos pass transistor or other suitable switching device of NPN or igbt transistor for example.As shown in Figure 2, when transistor 204 conductings, voltage in the input of output place of controller-inverter module 106 and voltage doubling rectifier 108 approaches zero, and the electric current in inductor 206 strengthens, and this inductor 206 can be wound onto on the FERRITE CORE 208.Apply electrical current to inductor 206 by transistor 204 and be called as " recoil (kicking) " inductor.When electric current arrived the peak of being determined by the effective impulse width of the operating time of transistor 204 by controller-driver 202, transistor 204 turn-offed.Therefore the temporary transient transmission currents that continue of inductor 206 cause voltage in the input of voltage doubling rectifier 108 to increase to dc voltage far above capacitor 105 places.The voltage of input at multiplication rectifier 108 can appear at such electric capacity two ends, that is, and and the capacitance of the input capacitance representative of the voltage doubling rectifier 108 after in parallel with little noise suppression capacitor 210.
When the voltage in the input of multiplication rectifier 108 surpasses the dc voltage at capacitor 105 places, electric current in the inductor 206 will reverse, input voltage with voltage doubling rectifier 108 drives to be lower than the dc voltage at capacitor 105 places at last, and might be lower than earthed voltage.When the input voltage of multiplication rectifier 108 was lower than earthed voltage, the electric current of tying at the parasitism of transistor 204 can be suppressed by diode 212.Inductor 206 can form the resonant circuit in upright arrangement of the input capacitance in parallel with multiplication rectifier 108 and noise suppression capacitor 210 effectively.
When reasonable time (preferably at the suitable some place of the waveform of the input voltage of voltage doubling rectifier 108 by synchronously so that from the recovery highest energy of multiplication rectifier 108 and input capacitance 210), controller-driver 202 actuating switch transistor 204 once more makes the electric current in the inductor 206 obtain increasing, and keeps the AC signal of high frequency thus in the input of multiplication rectifier 108.
The inverter that reference inductor 206, transistor 204 and controller-driver 202 are described is called " resonance instead swashs inverter " hereinafter
Peak current in the inductor 206, the power that from capacitor 105, extracts and the pulse frequency and the pulse duration that therefore can all depend on transistor 204 at the output voltage of the crest voltage of the input of multiplication rectifier 108 and multiplication rectifier 108.
Optionally execution mode can not depart from scope of the present invention and has the inverter design that is different from shown in Figure 2 other.For example, can use transformer coupled inverter, wherein secondary winding and inductor 206 couple with driving voltage multiplication rectifier 108.In another embodiment, use traditional E class level (class-E stage) to provide AC power to voltage doubling rectifier 108.
The internal interface ground voltage of the afterbody 232 of voltage doubling rectifier 108 and output voltage are coupled with to the anode 242 of cathodoluminescence pipe 110 with manage between 110 the negative electrode 240 high voltage is provided, and make that anode 242 is positive two kilovolts to 30 kilovolts with respect to the voltage of negative electrode 240.In Fig. 2, shown negative electrode 240 is driven to respect to the earth potential 239 of inside and anode 242 has two kilovolts to 30 kilovolts negative voltage.But in having the optional execution mode of different voltage doubling rectifier 108, negative electrode 240 is in inner earth potential 239 places, and the earth potential 239 that while anode 242 is driven to respect to inside is positive two kilovolts to 30 kilovolts.For the work of light-emitting device, the voltage difference between anode 242 and the negative electrode 240 and the bias voltage of any reflector electrode compare more important with respect to earthy voltage of the earth potential 239 of inside or any outside.In other execution mode, anode 242 is in positive 14 to 16 kilovolts with respect to negative electrode 240.
Can use and have negative electrode 240 that is lower than inner earthed voltage and the execution mode that is in the anode 242 of inner earthed voltage.Can be contemplated that if shell 250 breaks negative electrode 240 is the more impossible biology or human that contacts with relatively large anode 242 is compared.In one embodiment, when this light socket that installs correctly wiring connected, for safety, inner earth potential 239 can be connected to the neutral line from AC power supplies 102.When this device was couple to the AC power supplies 102 of not correct wiring, for safety, inner earth potential 239 can be connected to the neutral line of AC power supplies 102 with current limliting by high value resistor.
Optionally the execution mode (not shown) can use the anode with thin, transparent conductive anode layer at contiguous panel 252 places, and this anode layer is coated with luminescent coating conversely.
Refer again to Fig. 2, negative electrode 240 is tungsten cathodes 240 hot, thermionic, self-heating, thoriate.Negative electrode 240 needs the electric power of half-watt to two watt to come work.
Power source comprises the heating power source that is used for to the filament power supply of negative electrode 240.In Fig. 2, the winding 262 by 206 couplings of core 208 magnetic force ground and inductor is used as to negative electrode 240 and provides the power source of power to illustrate.In this embodiment, clamp diode 163 or other circuit are used for restriction and regulate heating voltage and electric current.In one embodiment, when system 100 opened first, heating current was supplied with negative electrode 240 by Ic regulator with the first order, in case when negative electrode 240 arrived suitable working temperature, heating current was just reduced to the second level to work on.When system 100 opens first, the heating current that also can provide additional circuit between warming up period, to have keeping or increase with permission.
The power supply that comprises voltage doubling rectifier 108 and controller-inverter module 106 is to assemble by use integrated circuit and the known surface-mounted technology of prior art, and is equipped with suitable high pressure potting compound to stop arcing.
In execution mode, by tap and by electron partial pressure device (not shown) feedback 270 controller-drivers 202, make accelerating potential between anode 242 and the negative electrode 240 be maintained at the level of expectation from the voltage of the filtering capacitor (not shown) of voltage doubling rectifier 108 to inverter 106.In optional execution mode, pulse frequency and the adjustment of pulse duration of the FEEDBACK CONTROL of controller-inverter module 106 by transistor 204 allows cathodoluminescence system 100 to work under the AC voltage range of 110 volts to 250 volts and 50 hertz to 60 hertz, so that can work under 120 volts of AC voltages identical with the U.S. or under 240 volts of voltages identical with European countries.
Referring now to Fig. 4,, the execution mode of cathodoluminescence system 100 can have difform reflecting electrode 443 and reflector bias supply 410.In this embodiment, the work of the work of bridge rectifier 104 and controller-inverter 106 (for example resonant inverter) and the similar circuit of Fig. 2 is basic identical, has not therefore just described respectively here.
Though similarly can use and the similar inductance coupling high heating power of Fig. 2 source in some execution modes at execution mode with Fig. 4, but in the execution mode shown in Fig. 4, from voltage doubling rectifier 108, divide the AC signal that picks out to the filament of heating power source 402 power supplies with driving negative electrode 240.Similarly, from voltage doubling rectifier 108, divide the AC signal that picks out to be used for to bias supply 410 power supplies with biasing reflecting electrode 443.
The execution mode of Fig. 4 can randomly have the work period of the AC power supplies 102 that light modulation detector (not shown) enters with monitoring.
Do not need in the execution mode of light modulation detector at another, controller-inverter 106 is maintained constant with the pulse duration of its switching device 204.In this embodiment, suppose to have bigger capacitor 105, accelerating voltage can be roughly proportional with the dc voltage of capacitor 105 so.To be maintained each of main AC semi-cyclic over half though voltage is maintained the AC power of constant and input, but when outside dimmer is less than each semi-cyclic half with the AC power shutoff of importing, therefore the voltage at capacitor 105 places can descend along with the minimizing of the pulse duration of the AC power of input, and accelerating voltage can reduce and the brightness meeting dies down.
In cathodoluminescence device 100, in order to obtain optimized luminous efficiency, the big as far as possible scope of fluoresent coating 254 on the panel 252 and anode 242 is shone equably by electron beam 248.For electron beam 248, the other parts of shining shell 250 are widely wasted.In some embodiments, electron gun 243 sends at least six ten degree, can send 90 degree or more in some embodiments, electron beam uniform, broad, symmetry on width.
In some embodiments, have been found that the reflection type electronic rifle is suitable for producing this broadness, uniform electron beam.Many such reflection type electronic rifles have negative electrode emission, heat of the anode-side that is positioned at reflecting element, and reflecting element has the bias voltage of predetermined voltage with respect to this negative electrode.
In execution mode, as shown in the cross-sectional view of Fig. 5, electron gun 1102 has thermionic cathode 1104 heating, shaft-like, and thermionic cathode 1104 diameters are 0.08 inch and to have radius be 0.04 inch rounded ends.Reflecting electrode 1106 is formed the cap shape of about 0.520 inch diameter and has the centre bore 1108 that is measured as 0.150 inch diameter, and wherein negative electrode 1104 is in the centre of centre bore.Hole 1108 is made into enough little making according to actual conditions can be not destroyed because of the appearance in hole by the static mirror field of reflecting electrode 1106 generations, but again enough greatly to avoid reflecting electrode 1106 and connection thereof can contact negative electrode 1104.Negative electrode 1104 can pass hole 1108 and extend, and perhaps can be positioned at the place ahead of reflecting electrode 1106 and is driven by the lead-in wire 1110 that extends through hole 1108.Thereby such configuration has avoided destroying the pattern of institute's emitting electrons by avoiding lead-in wire on the anode-side of electron gun and electric wire.Greatly be coated with thorium or other luminescent material about 0.166 inch place of distal-most end of the filament 1112 of negative electrode 1104.The distance that the back side of the surface of emission of negative electrode surpasses the centre bore 1108 of reflecting electrode 1106 is 0.05 inch to 0.25 inch, and can be about 0.126 inch.In Fig. 6, illustrate the emission figure from negative electrode 1104 of being simulated.
Similarly can to have diameter be 0.5 inch to 0.75 inch reflecting electrode cap 1106 to execution mode, and the diameter of centre bore 1108 is in 0.050 inch to 0.200 inch scope.
In execution mode as shown in Figure 7, electron gun 1302 has the hemispheric negative electrode 1304 that forms thoriated tungsten filament, and this negative electrode 1304 is to form by coiled coil filament is reeled around hemispherical axle (not shown).After forming filament, remove axle.In optional execution mode, can replace axle with hemispherical ceramic body, and ceramic body can be allowed to stay in the negative electrode as support unit.Formed hemispherical negative electrode 1304 can have the diameter 1306 of about 0.18+/-0.025 inch, and is placed on 0.05 to 0.2 inch in the place ahead of flat board or plane tabular reflector 1308 or about 0.13 inch distance 1307 places.Tabular reflector 1308 has about 1 inch diameter, and centre bore 1310 has about 0.200 inch diameter 1312.Therefore negative electrode 1304 can be placed on reflector 1308 before apart from 3/4ths places that are roughly the negative electrode diameter.The outstanding lead-in wires (unnumbered) in hole 1310 that pass reflector 1308 drive the electron beam graph that negative electrode 1304 forms with the lead-in wire of avoiding destroying by the anode-side of electron gun.
Having with respect to negative electrode is that for example the simulation to execution mode shown in Figure 7 has shown electron beam graph shown in Figure 8 602 in the cathodoluminescence pipe of anode potential of positive 15KV, and this electron beam has produced the uniform illumination of antianode.
Similarly execution mode can have diameter between 0.5 to 0.75 inch and the diameter of centre bore 1310 be the reflector 1308 of about 0.200+/-0.025 inch.
The variant of the electron gun 1302 of Fig. 7 is to use curved reflector as shown in Figure 4 to replace the plane reflector 1308 shown in Fig. 7.
In other execution mode, as shown in Figure 9, the shaft-like negative electrode 1504 of electron gun 1502 forms the thoriated tungsten filament of coiling.The execution mode of negative electrode 1504 be have diameter be 0.025 inch between and length be 0.150 inch cylinder, it is placed on before diameter is about 1 inch hemispheric reflector 1506, and reflector 1506 has the centre bore 1508 of the diameter that is measured as 0.060 to 0.200 inch.The centre bore 1508 that negative electrode 1504 passes in the reflector 1506 extends.Having with respect to negative electrode is that first simulation of the electronics emission figure of target 1504 is shown in Figure 10 in the cathodoluminescence pipe of anode potential of positive 15KV.Except less center had received the illumination that weakens a little, the figure of this execution mode can produce antianode and throw light on uniformly.Can believe, make negative electrode 1504 have circular top effectively, can provide sufficient, uniform illumination for anode by forming the coil that has conical or hemispheric top area as shown in Figure 9.The reflector 1506 of arc needs not be accurately hemispherical.For example, have parabolic curved reflector and also can provide essentially identical performance.
Similarly can to have diameter be 0.5 inch to 0.75 inch reflector 1506 to execution mode, and the diameter range of centre bore 1508 is at 0.050 inch to 0.200 inch.
Referring to Figure 11, this execution mode has the negative electrode 1602 of coiling filament, and negative electrode 1602 is shaped to the taper shape of summit in the face of the anode (not shown).For example negative electrode 1602 can be formed by the thoriated tungsten silk.Negative electrode 1602 can be supported on the centre bore 1608 that passes the reflector 1610 outstanding center wire 1604 and peripheral electric wire 1606.Reflector 1610 can also be supported electric wire 1612 supportings.Reflector 1610 can be electrically connected with negative electrode 1602 and the filament of negative electrode 1602 can be heated by about one volt voltage that the power supply (not shown) is exported.
In execution mode, the angle 1616 that conical negative electrode 1602 forms is spent between 40 degree ten.
The execution mode of Fig. 5 to Figure 10 not only can be provided on the width at least six ten degree and is the electron beams of 90 degree in most execution modes, can also provide antianode to throw light on relatively uniformly.In addition, between negative electrode and anode, do not need cellular grid and control grid.
Though electronics is repelled by negative electrical charge, make the track of electronics be inclined to electronegative surface, with the similar execution mode of the execution mode of Fig. 5 to Figure 10 in, reflector has back bias voltage with respect to negative electrode.In these execution modes, for example reflector 1106,1308,1506,1610 is not electrically connected with negative electrode 1104,1304,1504,1602 respectively, but is connected to the suitable grid bias power supply that is driven by voltage doubling rectifier, and for example element 108,158.The track that flows to the electronics of anode 242 from one of negative electrode 1104,1304,1504,1602 can be assembled before dispersing or intersect to shine anode 242 equably.
Referring now to Figure 12,, reflector 1650 has and is roughly shaft-like thermionic cathode placed in the middle 1652, and the length of negative electrode 1652 is about 0.150 inch.Negative electrode 1652 can be the thorium tungsten filament that is connected to first supporting and the second supporting (not shown) and/or is electrically connected the coiling of electric wire 1654,1656.Negative electrode 1652 can also have along the insulated column (not shown) of its axis (not label), and ceramic bar for example is to provide mechanical support to its filament (not shown).
In execution mode, reflector and/or secondary emission electrode 1660 have the inner surface (not shown) that is coated with material (for example magnesium oxide), and it can have good secondary electron emission quality.At work, reflector and secondary electron emission electrode 1660 have the forward bias of certain voltage to provide the useful guiding of negative electrode 1652 electrons emitted towards reflector 1660.When from the electronic impact reflector of negative electrode 1652 and/or secondary emission electrode 1660, will launch secondary electron then.So geometry and voltage are adjustable to provide with the useful guiding of secondary electron towards anode, thereby light-emitting zone is evenly thrown light on.
In execution mode, reflector and/or secondary emission electrode 1660 can be that radius of curvature is about 0.5 inch spill, and have the hole 1658 that is measured as about 0.075 inch diameter.In execution mode, reflector and/or secondary emission electrode 1660 have enough positive biases with respect to negative electrode 1652, be one kilovolt for example, make the electronics of the rational proportion that negative electrode 1652 is launched with enough energy impact secondary emission electrodes 1660 to cause the emission of secondary electron.Attracted to the anode 242 of cathodoluminescence device 100 and illuminate the anode 242 of cathodoluminescence device 100 from some remaining electronics (being called as primary electron hereinafter) of negative electrode 1552 with from the secondary electron of reflector and/or secondary emission electrode 1660.In execution mode shown in Figure 12, reflector and/or secondary emission electrode 1660 can be connected to the suitable grid bias power supply 410 (for example shown in Figure 4) by the AC driven of one of voltage doubling rectifier 108,158 institute tap, perhaps alternatively can be by the secondary emission currents resulting voltage forward of the resistor (not shown) automatic biasing of flowing through.
Though the electron gun of Fig. 5 to 12 has provided concrete size, these accurate dimensions are only represented the selection of design; The size that is appreciated that reflector and negative electrode can be adjusted according to the application's instruction, to produce similar and/or identical electron beam graph from littler or bigger electron gun.
As Figure 13 graphic extension, in another execution mode of electron source, negative electrode 1700 has the substrate 1702 of nickel (Ni) dish, has formed luminescent material 1704 thereon so that the surface of emission 1706 to be provided.Luminescent material 1704 for example is a barium monoxide (BaO); But also can use other luminescent material and not depart from scope of the present invention.The substrate of the plate-like of the thermionic emitting cathode material of known other in the technology that is coated with just like vacuum tube and cathode ray tube or optional shape can also be used and scope of the present invention can be do not departed from.
With tungsten filament or 1708 bendings of tungsten alloy electric wire so that the heating element 1707 that falls " U " shape with smooth top 1710 to be provided.At 1710 places, smooth top, substrate 1702 is electrically connected and mechanically is attached to electric wire 1708.For example, can use resistance spot welding well known in the prior art, laser welding, brazing or other attach process that substrate 1702 is attached to electric wire 1708.Tungsten filament 1708 becomes fieriness and directly heats substrate 1702 and luminescent material 1704.In this embodiment, substrate 1702 and tungsten filament 1708 also are electrically connected.In another embodiment, use have the luminescent material coating, but the simple perfervid tungsten filament that is not attached to any cathode substrate comes emitting electrons.Except tungsten filament can also use other material and may be molded to other shape the wire and do not depart from scope of the present invention.For example, other resistance material with suitable high-temperature machinery intensity also is suitable for heating substrate 1702 and luminescent material 1704, and can be shaped to as linear, tabular, banded, strip, bar-shaped or any other physical aspect.
For example can come moulding luminescent material 1704 by " three heavy carbonate " (mainly being the brium carbonate mixture) is applied to substrate 1702.Three heavy carbonate are converted into the BaO layer under vacuum condition.In order to make the uniformity maximization, luminescent material is formed pattern carefully in substrate 1702, therefore do not need to use additional electro-optical device to obtain uniformity.
The electric current (that is, by apply voltage difference between tungsten filament 1708 (A) and tungsten filament 1708 (B)) of tungsten filament 1708 of flowing through makes substrate 1702 and luminescent material 1704 directly be heated by tungsten filament 1708.The electric current that flows through tungsten filament 1708 can be direct current (DC), alternating current (AC) or pulse current.
By substrate 1702 is directly contacted closely with electric wire 1708, cost and complexity are minimized, and realized that coupled light-emitting device has start-up time fast.Therefore, light fixture can show as " immediately " unlatching.
In an execution mode of work, substrate 1702 and the luminescent material of coating 1704 thereof are heated to 900C by tungsten filament 1708, and are producing electric field 1712 near the surface of emission 1706 places.The total cathode emission electric current of the about 1mA of electron production that sends by the surface of emission 1706 shown in arrow 1714.Total cathode emission electric current at 0.1mA between the 5mA and do not depart from scope of the present invention.(for example luminescent coating 806, are allowed to spread general electron beam for about 100mm diameter in the time of Figure 15) without any focus for the cathode emission fluorophor that institute's electrons emitted is installed in the light-emitting device at bump.The use of low emission current (for example 1mA) allows the general emitting cathode 1700 of hot electron can work and make thus the working life maximization of negative electrode 1700 than other known negative electrode under lower temperature (for example 900C).
Figure 14 has shown the general emitting cathode 1700 of the hot electron of the Figure 13 in the multiform assembly parts 700 of example, and the multiform assembly parts 700 of example comprise inhibitor or protective ring 702, the extraction loop 704 of metal, the field moulding ring 706 of metal, the support ring 708 of metal and the scatter grid 710 (for example metal fabric grid) of metal of metal.Figure 16 has shown the end view of the multiform assembly parts 700 of Figure 14.Assembly parts 700 are suitable for bulk article, are shaped to single unit by part before being installed into light-emitting device and make up.Preferably Figure 14 and Figure 16 and following description are considered together.
The first METAL HEATING PROCESS rod 714 is attached to the linear part 1708 (A) of heating element 707 and the linear part 1708 (B) that the second METAL HEATING PROCESS rod 716 is attached to heating element 707.The attached of linear part 708 (A) and 708 (B) can be realized by using one of resistance spot welding, laser welding, brazing or other known method of attachment.Metal parts 702,704,706,708,712,714 and 716 can be by stainless steel, molybdenum and nickel, inconel
With one of a plurality of the making in other material with similar characteristics.
Metal protection ring 702 is supported by support ring 712, and has and negative electrode 1700 essentially identical electromotive forces, perhaps has bigger negative potential than negative electrode 1700.The electric field that metal protection ring 702 makes the side of negative electrode 1700 avoid not expecting.Metal extraction loop 704 has than the higher electromotive force of negative electrode 1700 forming electric field 1712, and electric field 1712 causes electronics to penetrate (referring to Figure 13) and quicken thus from the surface of emission 1706 of negative electrode 1700 leaving away.The field moulding ring 706 of metal has extraction loop 704 identical or higher electromotive forces and the generation electric field 722 with metal, electric field 722 will scatter (promptly from 1700 electrons emitted of negative electrode, diffusion) one-tenth can (for example light-emitting device 800, Figure 15) the middle floodlight configuration of using at light-emitting device.The support ring 708 of metal is attached to the field moulding ring 706 of metal and the scatter grid 710 of supporting metal, and the scatter grid 710 of metal has the electromotive force identical with the support ring 708 of the field moulding ring 706 of metal and metal.The scatter grid 710 of metal forms the electron beam 724 that the electric field 722 feasible electronics of being launched from negative electrode 1,700 1714 formed uniformly and had suitable pattern.Electronics 1714 blocks or the minimum secondary electron moulding transmission scatter grid 710 by metal with minimum.The 3rd electric field 726 makes electronics 1714 (referring to anode 804, Figure 15) quicken (not shown anode in Figure 14), and this electric field 726 be to generate by the electromotive force that anode applies greater than the electromotive force of the scatter grid 710 of metal towards anode.
Metal parts 702,704,706 is gone up to form multiform assembly parts 700 by two relative dielectric pitmans (not shown in Figure 14, referring to dielectric pitman 808 (A) among Figure 16 and 808 (B)) are fastening in position with 714.Dielectric pitman 808 (A) and 808 (B) can be made by pottery or glass.But, can also use other dielectric material, mica for example, and do not depart from scope of the present invention.
The function of assembly parts 700 in light-emitting device is as electron source.Randomly, in substrate 1702, during moulding luminescent material 1704, can save Metal Protection ring 702 when the bigger precision of utilization.In addition, for example three-dimensional for minimized in size can also be made metal parts.The three-dimensional shape of parts can also make the electric field restriction be optimized.Metal parts 702,704,706,712 and 714 (smooth with solid) can use stamping technology to be made by sheet metal inexpensively.
Figure 15 has shown the exemplary light-emitting device 800 of the multiform accessory 700 of incorporating Figure 14 into.Light-emitting device 800 comprises transparent outer cover 802 and base part 824.Transparent outer cover 802 for example is a glass.
Shell 802 has surface portion 803, and (for example light-emitting device 800, in the time of Figure 15), can send by surface portion 803 at light-emitting device 800 duration of work light when being used for forming light-emitting device.The inner surface of the surface portion 803 of shell 802 scribbles luminescent coating 806.Shell 802 has feedthrough bottom 810, be formed with on the feedthrough bottom 810 a plurality of from shell 802 inside through the electric conductor 812 of outside (for the clear conductor 812 (A) and 812 (B) of only showing of graphic extension).Multiform assembly parts 700 are attached to the inside end of conductor 812 of feedthrough bottom 810 so that conductor 812 supporting assembly parts 700.For example, shown conductor 812 (A) is attached to heating rod 714 and supports this heating rod, and shown conductor 812 (B) is attached to metal extraction loop 704 and supports this extraction loop.Because assembly parts 700 link together by dielectric pitman 808, so its integral body is by conductor 812 supportings.In one embodiment, conductor 812 diameters approximately are 1mm.Before forming shell 802, feedthrough bottom 810 can be formed into multiform assembly parts 700.Assembly parts 700 also comprise and the minute surface anode 804 electric anode Connection Blocks 818 that contact, and minute surface anode 804 is molded on the luminescent coating 806 of shell 802 and towards the neck 820 of shell 802.In the field moulding ring 706 of the extraction loop 704 of Connection Block 818, negative electrode 1700, Metal Protection ring 702, metal and metal each can be connected the electromotive force of a moulding ring 706 of the extraction loop 704 that makes anode 804, negative electrode 1700, Metal Protection ring 702, metal and metal with conductor 812 and can be controlled.Randomly, form air-breathing ring 81 being bearing in the gettering material in the shell 802, and air-breathing ring 81 is connected with one or more conductors 812 to allow to activate and remove the spuious gas from the inside of shell.Except shown in ring-type, can also not depart from scope of the present invention for gettering material uses other shape.
In light-emitting device 800, use assembly parts 700 can believe it is unique.
Though above disclose shown and described content with reference to its concrete execution mode, but those skilled in the art read and understand the application after can know, can not depart from scope of the present invention or spirit to making other different changes on form and the details.Should be understood that and to make various changes, and these changes are included in the appended claim so that specification is suitable for different execution modes and does not depart from wider notion of the present disclosure.
Claims (36)
1. general emitting cathode of directly-heated type hot electron that is used for light-emitting device comprises:
Heating element, described heating element are the shapes of " U " shape with smooth top;
Substrate, described substrate have the described smooth top that is attached to described heating element first surface and with described first surface opposing second surface; And
Luminescent material, described luminescent material are formed on the described second surface;
Wherein, the electric current that flows through described heating element produces enough heats so that described substrate and described luminescent material are directly heated, and makes it possible to extract from described luminescent material the luminescent coating that electronics clashes into described light-emitting device.
2. the general emitting cathode of directly-heated type hot electron as claimed in claim 1, wherein said substrate is a disk body, and described second surface is roughly smooth.
3. the general emitting cathode of directly-heated type hot electron as claimed in claim 1, wherein said luminescent material comprises barium monoxide.
4. the general emitting cathode of directly-heated type hot electron as claimed in claim 3, wherein said luminescent material is made of the brium carbonate mixture, and described brium carbonate mixture changes in a vacuum and comprises barytic material.
5. the general emitting cathode of directly-heated type hot electron as claimed in claim 1, wherein said luminescent material only is formed on the described second surface.
6. the general emitting cathode of directly-heated type hot electron as claimed in claim 1, wherein said heating element comprises tungsten.
7. general emitting cathode of directly-heated type hot electron that is used for light-emitting device comprises:
Heating element;
With the substrate that described heating element is electrically connected, described substrate have with the attached first surface of described heating element and with described first surface opposing second surface; And
Be formed on the luminescent material on the described second surface;
Wherein, the electric current that flows through described heating element produces enough heats so that described substrate and described luminescent material are directly heated, and makes it possible to extract from described luminescent material the luminescent coating that electronics clashes into described light-emitting device.
8. the general emitting cathode of directly-heated type hot electron as claimed in claim 7, wherein said substrate is a disk body, and described second surface is roughly smooth.
9. the general emitting cathode of directly-heated type hot electron as claimed in claim 7, wherein said luminescent material comprises barium monoxide.
10. the general emitting cathode of directly-heated type hot electron as claimed in claim 7, wherein said luminescent material only is formed on the described second surface.
11. the general emitting cathode of directly-heated type hot electron as claimed in claim 7, wherein said heating element comprises tungsten.
12. a light-emitting device comprises:
The multiform assembly parts comprise:
Negative electrode comprises:
Heating element,
Substrate, described substrate have the first surface that is attached to described heating element and with described first surface opposing second surface, and
Be formed on the luminescent material on the described second surface of the described substrate relative with described first surface;
First METAL HEATING PROCESS rod and the second METAL HEATING PROCESS rod are used to be electrically connected on described heating element and support described heating element;
The extraction loop of the metal that aligns with described luminescent material;
The field moulding ring of the metal that aligns with the extraction loop of described metal, the field moulding ring of described metal are placed on extraction loop than described metal further from described luminescent material place;
Metal grate with shape of convex, the distance between described metal grate and the described luminescent material is roughly the same, and is placed on field moulding ring than described metal further from described luminescent material place;
Metal support ring, described metal support ring are attached to the field moulding ring of described metal, and are used to support described metal grate; And
First dielectric rod and the second dielectric rod, described first dielectric rod and the second dielectric rod are used to support described first heating rod and second heating rod, described metal protection ring, the extraction loop of described metal and the field moulding ring of described metal; And
Shell is formed for holding the vacuum (-tight) housing of described negative electrode and described multiform assembly parts, and has the anode of transparent area before the inside that is formed on described shell and a plurality of electric delivery member of passing described shell.
13. light-emitting device as claimed in claim 12, wherein said heating element are formed the shape of " U " shape with smooth top, described means of substrate attachment is to described smooth top.
14. light-emitting device as claimed in claim 12, wherein said luminescent material only is formed on the described second surface.
15. light-emitting device as claimed in claim 12 further comprises:
The metal protection ring that aligns with described luminescent material, described metal protection ring is placed between the extraction loop of described luminescent material and described metal.
16. an electron source that is used in the light-emitting device comprises:
The general emitting cathode of directly-heated type hot electron;
The first METAL HEATING PROCESS rod, the described first METAL HEATING PROCESS rod is attached to the first end of the heating element of the general emitting cathode of described directly-heated type hot electron;
The second METAL HEATING PROCESS rod, the described second METAL HEATING PROCESS rod is attached to the second end of described heating element;
The extraction loop of metal, the extraction loop of described metal aligns with the surface of emission of the general emitting cathode of described directly-heated type hot electron;
The field moulding ring of the metal that aligns with described metal extraction loop, the field moulding ring of described metal are placed on extraction loop than described metal further from described luminescent material place;
Have the roughly metal scatter grid of the shape of convex, the distance between the described metal scatter grid and the described surface of emission is roughly the same, and is placed on field moulding ring than described metal further from described emissive material place;
With the attached metal support ring of field moulding ring of described metal, described metal support ring is used to support described metal scatter grid; And
The first dielectric pitman and the second dielectric pitman, the described first dielectric pitman and the second dielectric pitman are placed on the offside of field moulding ring of the extraction loop of described first heating rod and second heating rod, described metal and described metal so that the field moulding ring of the extraction loop of described first heating rod and second heating rod, described metal and described metal relative to each other is positioned at suitable position.
17. electron source as claimed in claim 16, the field moulding ring of the wherein said first METAL HEATING PROCESS rod, the described second METAL HEATING PROCESS rod, the extraction loop of described metal, described metal, described metal scatter grid and described metal support ring all comprise one of stainless steel, molybdenum and nickel.
18. electron source as claimed in claim 16 further comprises and aliging substantially with the described surface of emission and around the protective ring of the girth placed metal of the described surface of emission.
19. a light-emitting device comprises:
Electron source comprises:
Negative electrode, described negative electrode comprises:
Heating element,
Substrate, described substrate have with the attached first surface of described heating element and with described first surface opposing second surface, and
Be formed on described second surface on luminescent material;
First METAL HEATING PROCESS rod and the second METAL HEATING PROCESS rod, described first metal bar and second metal bar are used for being electrically connected and supporting described heating element with described heating element;
The metal extraction loop that aligns with described luminescent material;
The metal field moulding ring that aligns with described metal extraction loop, described metal field moulding ring is placed on than described metal extraction loop further from described luminescent material place;
Have the roughly metal scatter grid of the shape of convex, the distance between described metal scatter grid and the described luminescent material is roughly the same, and is placed on than described metal field moulding ring further from described luminescent material place;
With the attached metal support ring of field moulding ring of described metal, described metal support ring is used to support described metal scatter grid; And
The first dielectric pitman and the second dielectric pitman, the described first dielectric pitman and the second dielectric pitman are used to support described first heating rod and second heating rod, the extraction loop of described metal and the field moulding ring of described metal; And
Transparent shell, be formed for holding the vacuum (-tight) housing of described electron source, and have the anode on the transparent area before the inside that is formed on described shell and pass a plurality of supply of electric power parts of described shell, described a plurality of supply of electric power parts are connected with described electron source and support described electron source.
20. light-emitting device as claimed in claim 19, described electron source further comprises:
The metal protection ring that aligns with described luminescent material, described metal protection ring is placed between the extraction loop of described luminescent material and described metal, and by described first dielectric pitman and the supporting of the described second dielectric pitman.
21. a cathodoluminescence system comprises:
The cathodoluminescence device, described cathodoluminescence device further comprises:
Shell with transparent area;
Electron gun, described used in electron gun be in emitting electrons under wide emission mode, and comprise thermionic cathode and reflecting electrode; And
Anode, described anode comprises luminescent coating and conductor layer, described luminescent coating is configured to send the light of the transparent area that passes described shell;
Power supply is used for providing electric power to described cathodoluminescence device,
Wherein, described power supply can provide the electrical potential difference of at least two kilovolts between the described negative electrode of described cathodoluminescence device and described anode, and described electronics is out-of-focus substantially.
22. cathodoluminescence as claimed in claim 21 system does not insert grid between wherein said negative electrode and the described anode.
23. cathodoluminescence as claimed in claim 21 system, wherein said negative electrode is placed on about 3/4ths places of the place ahead distance of described reflecting electrode for the diameter of described negative electrode.
24. cathodoluminescence as claimed in claim 21 system, wherein said reflecting electrode has the flat surfaces near described negative electrode.
25. cathodoluminescence as claimed in claim 21 system, wherein said reflecting electrode is crooked.
26. cathodoluminescence as claimed in claim 21 system, wherein said negative electrode is to be coiled into hemispheric filament, and comprises luminescent material.
27. cathodoluminescence as claimed in claim 21 system, wherein said power supply provides electric power to heat described negative electrode, described power supply can be surveyed the variation by the phase place of the caused AC power supplies that enters of the dimmer of outside, and described power supply can change the rank of the light that is sent by described luminescent coating by the temperature of changing described negative electrode with the variation in response to phase place.
28. cathodoluminescence as claimed in claim 21 system, wherein said negative electrode is the shape of generally tubular, and the emitting area of described negative electrode is positioned at the anode-side of described reflecting electrode, and described negative electrode has the connector that extends through the hole in the described reflecting electrode.
29. cathodoluminescence as claimed in claim 28 system, wherein said negative electrode has circular top.
30. cathodoluminescence as claimed in claim 29 system, wherein said reflecting electrode is crooked.
31. cathodoluminescence as claimed in claim 21 system, wherein said negative electrode has from first first diameter of measuring apart from the place of described reflecting electrode with at second diameter of measuring from the second distance place of described reflecting electrode, described first distance is greater than described second distance, and described first diameter is substantially less than described second diameter.
32. cathodoluminescence as claimed in claim 31 system, wherein said reflecting electrode has the external diameter of scope between 0.5 inch to 0.75 inch.
33. cathodoluminescence as claimed in claim 31 system, wherein said reflecting electrode has the centre bore of diameter between 0.050 inch to 0.200 inch, and described negative electrode is extended the line bearing that passes described centre bore.
34. cathodoluminescence as claimed in claim 31 system, wherein said negative electrode is positioned at the anode-side of described reflecting electrode, described negative electrode has from first first diameter and second diameter from measuring from the second distance place of described reflecting electrode apart from place mensuration from described reflecting electrode, described first distance is greater than described second distance, and described first diameter is substantially less than described second diameter, and described second diameter is less than the diameter of the described centre bore in the described reflecting electrode.
35. cathodoluminescence as claimed in claim 21 system, wherein said reflecting electrode is with respect to described negative electrode positive bias, and described emission electrode provides secondary electron emission.
36. a cathodoluminescence system comprises:
Light-emitting device, described light-emitting device has shell, and described shell has transparent surface;
Negative electrode, described negative electrode is used for emitting electrons;
Anode, described anode has luminescent coating and conductor layer; And
Power supply, described power supply are used for providing the electric power of at least two kilovolts between described anode and described negative electrode,
Wherein said negative electrode has thermionic electronic emitter of self-heating and reflector, the light of the described transparent surface of described shell is passed in described luminescent coating emission, substantially is out-of-focus from described negative electrode to the electronics that described anode transmits, and the electronic high-effective that sends from described negative electrode and be reflected the device reflection enter towards the path of the described transparent surface of described shell.
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US9666508P | 2008-09-12 | 2008-09-12 | |
| US61/096,665 | 2008-09-12 | ||
| US16485209P | 2009-03-30 | 2009-03-30 | |
| US16485309P | 2009-03-30 | 2009-03-30 | |
| US61/164,853 | 2009-03-30 | ||
| US61/164,852 | 2009-03-30 | ||
| PCT/US2009/056684 WO2010030899A1 (en) | 2008-09-12 | 2009-09-11 | System and apparatus for cathodoluminescent lighting |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102210003A true CN102210003A (en) | 2011-10-05 |
Family
ID=42005499
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009801448525A Pending CN102210003A (en) | 2008-09-12 | 2009-09-11 | System and apparatus for cathodoluminescent lighting |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP2335265A4 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102210003A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2740623A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2010030899A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112676688A (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-04-20 | 中汽研（天津）汽车工程研究院有限公司 | Dissimilar metal resistance spot welding method |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2972847B1 (en) * | 2011-03-17 | 2014-02-14 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE BY THE PHENOMENON OF CATHODOLUMINESCENCE |
| CN107910236B (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2023-07-04 | 华中科技大学 | Electron emission device based on thermionic emission cathode |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2563490A (en) * | 1946-01-28 | 1951-08-07 | Cathode arrangement fob television | |
| US2967963A (en) * | 1957-04-30 | 1961-01-10 | Rca Corp | Electron gun structure |
| US3631290A (en) * | 1970-08-17 | 1971-12-28 | Ibm | Thermionic cathode for electron beam apparatus |
| JPS536560A (en) * | 1976-07-07 | 1978-01-21 | Hitachi Ltd | Manufacture of cathode for direct heating type cathode ray tube |
| JPS58813B2 (en) * | 1977-09-30 | 1983-01-08 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Electron tube cathode and its manufacturing method |
| JPS5816737B2 (en) * | 1978-04-24 | 1983-04-01 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Oxide cathode for electron tubes |
| GB2031219B (en) * | 1978-10-04 | 1982-12-01 | English Electric Valve Co Ltd | Crt matrix display |
| US4388551A (en) * | 1980-11-24 | 1983-06-14 | Zenith Radio Corporation | Quick-heating cathode structure |
| US4499405A (en) * | 1981-05-20 | 1985-02-12 | Rpc Industries | Hot cathode for broad beam electron gun |
| EP0102139A3 (en) * | 1982-08-19 | 1984-11-07 | Osram- Gec Limited | Cathodoluminescent light sources and electric lighting arrangements including such sources |
| GB8924794D0 (en) | 1989-11-03 | 1989-12-20 | Secr Defence | Power supplies |
| KR920704330A (en) * | 1990-05-10 | 1992-12-19 | 원본미기재 | Cathode-emitting panel lamps and methods |
| US5831397A (en) * | 1996-12-02 | 1998-11-03 | Telegen Corporation | Deflecting apparatus for a flat-panel display illuminated by electrons |
| US8058789B2 (en) * | 2007-02-05 | 2011-11-15 | Vu1 Corporation | Cathodoluminescent phosphor lamp having extraction and diffusing grids and base for attachment to standard lighting fixtures |
-
2009
- 2009-09-11 EP EP09813685A patent/EP2335265A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-09-11 CA CA2740623A patent/CA2740623A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-09-11 CN CN2009801448525A patent/CN102210003A/en active Pending
- 2009-09-11 WO PCT/US2009/056684 patent/WO2010030899A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-09-11 EP EP12173268.9A patent/EP2503588A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112676688A (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-04-20 | 中汽研（天津）汽车工程研究院有限公司 | Dissimilar metal resistance spot welding method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2503588A2 (en) | 2012-09-26 |
| EP2503588A3 (en) | 2013-08-28 |
| CA2740623A1 (en) | 2010-03-18 |
| EP2335265A1 (en) | 2011-06-22 |
| WO2010030899A1 (en) | 2010-03-18 |
| EP2335265A4 (en) | 2011-12-28 |
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Application publication date: 20111005 |