CN102195535A - Thermo-electric generator system - Google Patents
Thermo-electric generator system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102195535A CN102195535A CN2011100439481A CN201110043948A CN102195535A CN 102195535 A CN102195535 A CN 102195535A CN 2011100439481 A CN2011100439481 A CN 2011100439481A CN 201110043948 A CN201110043948 A CN 201110043948A CN 102195535 A CN102195535 A CN 102195535A
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- thermoelectric element
- thermoelectric
- current
- thermoelectric generator
- electric current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
Abstract
A thermoelectric generator system comprises a control unit (202) and a thermoelectric element (204) with a heat receiving surface (212) and a cooled surface (214). Heat (216) flows from a heater (208) through the thermoelectric generator (204). Depending upon the electrical power which is delivered to a load (232), the control unit (202) regulates the current generated by the thermoelectric generator (204). The electrical current through the thermoelectric element (204) is used to limit the operating temperature of the heat receiving surface (212).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to comprise the thermoelectric generator system of thermoelectric element and control unit, this thermoelectric element can change into electricity with the temperature difference between the second active surface of the first active surface of described element and described element so that generate electrical power by heat energy in described system between the operating period, and this control unit is used for controlling during use electrical power that described element generates to meet the current power demand that described thermoelectric element is applied.
Background technology
According to the known a kind of thermoelectric generator of US 2009/0025703 A1 (people such as Van Der Sluis) system.US 2009/0025703 A1 discloses the portable stove of the use solid fuel with thermoelectric element, and this thermoelectric element provides power to fan and rechargeable battery.Described fan arrangement becomes to force gas to enter the combustion chamber of described stove.Described fan forces gas to enter the combustion chamber of described stove.Thermoelectric element provides power to described fan.Described thermoelectric element has the first active surface and the second active surface that receives from the cooled gas flow of described fan near described combustion chamber.The stove that is forced to the gas supply that is equipped with that is also referred to as " timber stove " provides high-temp combustion, fuel-efficient and clean combustion process.Described stove and accessory has electronic control unit and is configured to make with four kinds of possibility patterns the controller of described furnaceman's work.Described electronic control unit is suitable for according to the working condition that senses automatically successively in order through in four kinds of patterns each, and described working condition is the heat of fire for example.
Be called under first pattern of " start-up mode ", do not driving described fan, using from the described fan of the power drive of rechargeable battery when described thermoelectric element has (perhaps having only not enough) available horsepower.By this way, impel the fuel in described combustion chamber internal combustion to arrive best high temperature very apace, smog and other pollutant effulents startup stage of significantly reducing described stove.
When temperature arrives appropriate level, trigger second pattern that is called " charging " pattern.Under described second pattern, fuel in the described combustion chamber is burning under the temperature fully, make described thermoelectric element to provide more than the abundant power that is used to keep the enough forced convections that flow to described combustion chamber, and therefore also provide abundant power described battery charge to described fan.
When described battery recovery when being full of the state of electricity, trigger the three-mode be called " normally " pattern.Under described three-mode, the fuel in the described combustion chamber is fully burning under the temperature, makes described thermoelectric element can be at least provide enough power to be used to keep to flow to enough forced convections of described combustion chamber to described fan.
When described temperature reduces, for example because running out of gas in the described combustion chamber triggered the four-mode that is called " cooling " pattern.Under four-mode, described fan need not to keep the burning that has stopped.Under this pattern, make described battery insulation, and from available any power of described thermoelectric element reach described fan only in order to integral body quicken described stove cooling and not to described battery charge.This prevent from the after-heat of described combustion chamber in housing, pile up and potentially damage in described thermoelectric element, described fan and the described electronic control circuit any one or a plurality of.
This stove is intended to use on the campsite in natural landscape, or is using in the indoor developing country that carries out gastronomical process that is everlasting.Very importantly, described combustion process is and keeps to be clean and efficiently.The long-life of described thermoelectric element and reliability service are very important.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is further to improve the life-span and the reliability of thermoelectric generator system.
This purpose realizes by foundation thermoelectric generator of the present invention system, because control unit comprises the device that thermoelectric element is worked down in one of two possible working points at the current power demand, described current power demand is lower than the maximum of the power of described thermoelectric element, the combination that described two possible working points provide identical power and each working point to define electric current and impedance, one of described working point has the maximum current of described two possible working points.
When the described thermoelectric element of imagination when being traditional power supply, for example battery is not a thermoelectric element promptly yet, makes described thermoelectric element come this technical characterictic of work quite undesired with the electric current of being strict with greater than the current power demand.For traditional power supply, battery for example is from the energy visual angle, because the internal resistance of this conventional power source, so be disadvantageous to flow through described power supply greater than required electric current.Different with conventional power source, thermoelectric element can be favourable and unexpectedly work in the set point of the electric current of increase.One aspect of the present invention is to understand following opinion: different with battery from energy visual angle thermoelectric element performance, this difference is used for the benefit that the life-span increases economically.
Under each mode of operation of the device of US 2009/0025703 A1, the current power demand is applied to described thermoelectric element.Under described first pattern, the power demand that imposes on described thermoelectric element is 0, and required in order to the power that drives described fan from described battery.Under described second pattern, the power demand that is applied to described thermoelectric element is intended to described fan energy supply to keep the enough forced convections that flow to described combustion chamber and to be used for described battery charge.Under described three-mode, described battery is full of electricity, and reduces the power demand applied with to being used to keep the fan energy supply of the enough forced convections that flow to described combustion chamber.Under described four-mode, the power demand that is applied to described thermoelectric element relates to the power supply of quickening the described fan of the described stove of cooling in order to integral body, but not to described battery charge.
Under a few thing pattern, for example, when the battery of described stove is full of electricity, described thermoelectric element needn't the one of the main divisions of the male role in traditional opera becomes the power of maximum, the power of described maximum can obtain under current situation, the temperature difference between the temperature that described current situation is for example fiery or the active surface of described thermoelectric element.Under this working point, also promptly when the current power demand that is applied to described thermoelectric element is lower than the maximum power that described element can generate under the current situation, described control unit with the power export-restriction of described thermoelectric element to actual or current power demand.In one type of prior art syringe, will the flow through electric current of described power supply of the restricted passage of power output is limited to and reaches the required minimum current of current power demand that is applied to described thermoelectric element and realize that described power supply also is described thermoelectric element.
The invention reside in following notion: by reducing the power output of described thermoelectric generator system, and the electric current of the described thermoelectric element of must will not flowing through is reduced to minimum required electric current, thereby can realize being lower than the power demand that described thermoelectric element maximum can obtain power output.By making described thermoelectric element come work to surpass the electric current that reaches the required minimum current of current power demand, the thermal resistance of described thermoelectric element reduces.The thermal resistance of thermoelectric element is (with KW
-1Or with ℃/W is that unit is measured) represented when equaling 1 watt-hour, the temperature contrast degree between first active surface of described thermoelectric element and the second active surface of described thermoelectric element at the heat metering of time per unit by described thermoelectric element.By the reduction of thermal resistance, the hygral equilibrium of striding described thermoelectric element changes, and makes the temperature of hot surface reduce.Described thermoelectric element is arranged to usually near thermal source, and described thermal source is the combustion chamber of the stove of US 2009/0025703 A1 for example.The temperature of the first surface of described thermoelectric element roughly the room temperature under unused state and than elevated operating temperature between change, described than near the elevated operating temperature temperature the combustion chamber of the stove of cooking period for example.When described thermoelectric element when cold state is come its working temperature, this causes big heat load and causes the height of described thermoelectric element to expand.Especially receiving the sidepiece of the thermoelectric element of heat, also is the described first active surface, is exposed to this big heat load.Find, make described thermoelectric element work, can realize that the maximum temperature of described first surface reduces the amplitude of about 10 degree to 20 degree by foundation the present invention.This temperature reduction on the described first active surface has caused the remarkable increase in described thermoelectric element life-span.
In the foundation favourable execution mode of generator system of the present invention, described control unit comprises that current source is used for driving described thermoelectric element to surpass the electric current that reaches the required minimum current of current power demand that is applied to described thermoelectric element.
Can be used for so-called thermoelectricity " generating " pattern such as disclosed thermoelectric element in US 2009/0025703 A1.Under this power generation mode, a sidepiece of described element also is the described first active surface, receives heat, and remove or this heat of venting on second of described the element active or cold surface, the described first active surface and the described second active surface be the opposite side of described element normally.The hot-fluid of described element of flowing through follows the temperature difference between the described first active surface and the described second active surface to advance, and the temperature on the described first active surface is higher than the temperature on the described second active surface.Under described power generation mode, produce electric current, described electric current depends on the temperature difference between the described first active surface and the described second active surface.Under this power generation mode, keep temperature gradient, and be converted into electric energy by the heat flux of described module across described element.This is called as Seebeck effect.Under described power generation mode, described element generates electric energy, and the electric energy that is generated can be in order to offer the miscellaneous part of described system, for example fan, battery, luminous layout or their combination.Thermoelectric element also can be used for so-called thermoelectricity " cooling " pattern.Under this refrigerating mode, electric current imposes on thermoelectric element.Under refrigerating mode, heat from a sidepiece or knot (cold side portion or cold junction) pumping to the other side or knot (hot sidepiece or thermojunction).If remove heat from described hot sidepiece, described cold junction is brought down below ambient temperature.According to the amplitude of the electric current that applies, temperature gradient can change.Under refrigerating mode, electric current is offered described element cause a sidepiece of described element to turn cold.This is called Peltier effect.Under described refrigerating mode, described components consume electric energy.Have the seedbed that electric current is offered described thermoelectric element by described current source, can use Peltier effect as the emergency measures under the overheated situation in the described first active surface, the described first active surface also promptly arrives the surface of maximum temperature.By current source is provided, it is possible that described thermoelectric element is worked under it is forced to refrigerating mode.
In the foundation favourable execution mode of generator system of the present invention, described control unit comprises and is used to revise the device of output impedance with the impedance that obtains one of described working point that one of described working point has maximum current and the minimum impedance in described two possible working points.
During use, described thermoelectric element is connected to the output impedance that is made up by described control unit and load, and described load is fan and/or battery and/or be connected to other devices of the electric terminal of described thermoelectric element for example.Under first extreme case, the electric terminal of wherein said thermoelectric element directly connects, and has obtained short-circuit like this, and output impedance is 0, and the voltage drop of striding described output impedance is 0.The electric current of output impedance of flowing through is limited by the internal resistance of described thermoelectric element.Therefore, under described first egregious cases, dissipate and the power that is delivered to the output impedance of described thermoelectric element is 0.Under second egregious cases, the output impedance of described thermoelectric element is infinitely great, also is that described terminal does not connect, and the electric current of the described element of flowing through like this is 0, and the voltage of striding this infinity output impedance is the optimum voltage of described thermoelectric element or the voltage of increasing income.Therefore, under described second egregious cases, dissipate and the power that is delivered to described output impedance also is 0.Under normal conditions, described output impedance is neither 0 also non-infinity, but 0 and infinity between value.Under normal conditions, because the electric current of the described output impedance of flowing through and the voltage of striding described output impedance all exists, so power delivery is to described output impedance.When the output impedance of described thermoelectric element constantly when infinity is reduced to 0, the electric current of described thermoelectric element of flowing through increases to short circuit value from 0, and the power that is delivered to described output impedance can obtain performance number from the maximum that 0 of infinitely great output impedance increases at infinity and the resistance value place between 0 at first, and be reduced to 0 power subsequently once more, also promptly in 0 output impedance place, described infinitely great output impedance also is second egregious cases.Therefore, the output impedance of described thermoelectric element and the relation that is delivered between the power of described output impedance can be by having the graphical representation of rising edge and drop edge.In described rising edge, described power is followed the impedance of increase and is increased.In described drop edge, described power is followed the impedance of increase and is descended.All can obtain in described rising edge and described drop edge in 0 performance number and the maximum possible performance number that can obtain between the performance number.The optimised working region of described thermoelectric element is positioned on the described rising edge, because in described rising edge, described output impedance is less than the output impedance on the described drop edge.This brings and makes described thermoelectric element locate the opportunity of the current work of electric current to be higher than described drop edge, and this is favourable for the life-span.Because do not need the parts or the Circuits System of adding,, just need to change the set point of current Circuits System so obtain this advantage in the mode of calculating very much.
Favourable execution mode according to generator system of the present invention has temperature sensor to measure the temperature on the described first active surface, wherein said control unit can receive the signal of temperature sensor, wherein can adjust the electric current of the described thermoelectric element of flowing through based on signal from described temperature sensor.
By feeding back the temperature on the described first active surface, the heat load of the described thermoelectric element of retentive control is possible.Therefore, can be in sane and reliable mode, and more be independent of described heat load and change the heat load of having avoided excessive, described heat load changes owing to different fuel or owing to the variation of working condition.
Description of drawings
Only preferred implementation of the present invention is described below, wherein by the mode of embodiment and at accompanying drawing
Fig. 1 has shown the block diagram that illustrates according to the method for embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 shows the function diagram according to the thermoelectric generator system of embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 shows the equivalent circuit diagram according to the thermoelectric generator system of the another execution mode of the present invention;
Fig. 4 has shown how the thermal resistance that thermoelectric element is shown depends on the figure of the described thermoelectric element electric current of flowing through;
Fig. 5 has shown the figure of the temperature difference of hot sidepiece that thermoelectric element is shown and cold side portion, and this temperature difference is relevant with thermal resistance;
Fig. 6 has shown the figure that two different operating points are shown, and described two different working points all provide 1 watt of power to the execution mode of foundation thermoelectric generator of the present invention system; And
Fig. 7 has shown experimental verification, and the temperature that this experimental verification illustrates according to first sidepiece of the thermoelectric element of embodiment of the present invention reduces.
Embodiment
The element of identical numbering or equivalent element or execution identical function in these accompanying drawings.If functional equivalent, the element of before having discussed is not necessarily discussed in the accompanying drawing of back.
Fig. 1 has shown the execution mode according to method of the present invention.Described method can be embodied as instruction, and described instruction is used for carrying out by the processor of control unit.In step 100, described thermoelectric generator system determines required electrical power output.This can implement by described control unit.The output of required electrical power is amount of electrical power described thermoelectric element output, that electrical power is provided to described electric loading.Required electrical power output also can be described as predetermined electrical power output.For example, use described thermoelectric generator system to battery charge, this battery is used for the fan of drive controlling timber burner or timber stove oxygen, and when described battery was full of electricity, amount of electrical power reduced.Therefore in this case, described thermoelectric generator system can have some different states.For example, when described battery charge, the described electrical power of optimization.Yet when described battery is full of electricity, reduce the output of described electrical power.In step 102, by the electric current of control flows through described thermoelectric element, for example comprise the impedance of circuit of the electric active material of Peltier (Peltier) by adjustment, or by using the voltage on the additional electric current supply adjustment Peltier, the hot joining that minimizes described thermoelectric element is received the average working temperature on surface.It is the surface that receives from the heat of described heater that described hot joining is received the surface.Heat from described heater can conduct to described hot joining receipts surface by heat conduction transmission, transfer of radiant heat and/or convective heat transfer.
Fig. 2 has shown the execution mode according to the thermoelectric generator system of embodiment of the present invention.Described thermoelectric generator system comprises control unit 202.Control unit 202 is suitable for regulating the electric current of thermoelectric element 204 of flowing through.Thermoelectric element 204 has hot joining and receives surface 212 and cooling surface 214.Hot joining is received surface 212 and is contacted with heat conducting element 206.Heat conducting element 206 also contacts with heater 208.Cooling surface 214 contacts with cooler 210.Heat shown in arrow mark 216 stream flows through heat conducting element 206 and thermoelectric element 204 flow to cooler 210 from heater 208, and cooler 210 is such as the parts that are exposed to the cooling blast that is produced by fan.Also show with the hot joining of thermoelectric element 204 and receive surface 212 temperature sensors that contact 218.Between thermoelectric element 204 and control unit 202, have and be electrically connected 222.Also show in the figure at the lead-out terminal 204 that is electrically connected on 222.The output impedance of thermoelectric element 204 can be the output impedance between the lead-out terminal 234.Show processor 226 in this embodiment.This processor can be computer, embedded system, microcontroller or the processor that is suitable for carrying out machine readable instructions.Be suitable for the memory 228 of storage computation machine program in addition, processor 226 can read the content of memory.The computer program 230 that comprises machine readable instructions is stored in the memory 228.When processor 228 executive programs 230, the execution mode of control unit 202 implementation basis the inventive method.Show the electric loading 232 that is connected to control unit 202.
Based on the electrical power that is delivered to load 232, control unit 202 is regulated the electric current that is generated by thermoelectric element 204.Computer program 230 can have the algorithm of the electric current that is used to use reponse system compatibly to adjust and flows through thermoelectric element 204.Alternatively, computer program 230 also can comprise the look-up table that is used to move the thermoelectric generator system.Control unit 202 need not by processor 226 controls.Alternatively, can make up analog circuit, this analog circuit can be in order to the flow through electric current of thermoelectric element 204 of adjusting.
Fig. 3 has shown embodiment of circuit, and this circuit can be in order to illustrate the operation according to the execution mode of thermoelectric generator of the present invention system.Electrically represent the thevenin equivalent circuit of thermoelectric element 204 in addition.Resistance 232 is represented electric loading, for example above-mentioned fan that refrigerating gas is provided.Above-mentioned electric loading is connected to control unit 202.The junction of lead-out terminal 234 between equivalent electric circuit 204 and control unit 202.Lead-out terminal 234 is the output of the equivalent electric circuit 204 of the described thermoelectric element of representative.Between lead-out terminal 234, can measure the output impedance of the equivalent electric circuit 204 of the described thermoelectric element of representative.In this embodiment, the output impedance of equivalent electric circuit 204 is resistance 235.
In this embodiment, pulse generator 300 has the duty ratio by processor 226 controls.The output voltage of the duty ratio control control unit 202 of pulse generator 300.If output voltage is lower than maximum, output voltage two duty ratios identical with electric current are always arranged.During high value in two dutyfactor values, the electric current of flow through Peltier or thermoelectric element 204 will be maximum.Peltier is a kind of thermoelectric element.In this article, unless note is arranged in addition, the commentary of Peltier be can be applicable to the thermoelectric element of other kinds.When the electric current of the thermoelectric element 204 of flowing through when being maximum, the output impedance of terminal 234 is its minimum values.
The thermal resistance that Fig. 4 shows the Peltier of type TEP1-12235-2.0H is the electric current that how to depend on this Peltier of flowing through.X axle 400 is the time, and is that unit shows with the second.Thermal resistance is the y axle, and is marked as 402.Two independent experiments have been shown.First experiment is presented at and is labeled as 404 curved portion, and wherein 50 watts by described thermoelectric element.Second experiment is presented at and is labeled as 406 curved portion, and wherein 100 watts by described thermoelectric element.Each of these two experiments is subdivided into a plurality of time periods.Very first time section 408 is that thermoelectric element is open circuit or the time with infinitely great load.Second time period 410 was the time when described Peltier or thermoelectric element short circuit.Do not have load on the described Peltier this moment.
Herein as seen, when described Peltier or thermoelectric element disconnected or have the infinitely great load of cross-over connection, described thermal resistance was maximum.By reducing load impedance or making described Peltier short circuit, described thermal resistance reduces.Thermal resistance also can be called as thermal impedance (heat resistance) herein.If heating bath remains on identical temperature with cooling bay, this will cause the hot-fluid that increases.If transport element is between first sidepiece or hot sidepiece and thermal source of described thermoelectric element, the hot sidepiece of described Peltier or the temperature of first sidepiece will reduce.How the thermal resistance that this accompanying drawing shows thermoelectric element (or Peltier) depends on the electric current that flows through described thermoelectric element (or Peltier).
Non-essential resistance is faded to short circuit (infinitely great resistance to 0 resistance) from the open circuit connection.Use optimum load subsequently: the non-essential resistance of described Peltier or load Rext equal the interior resistance R int of described Peltier.According to this measurement, the thermal resistance that draws TEP1-122235-2.0H type Peltier is near one-level valuation: 1.8-0.4* (Rint/ (Rint+Rext)).
Fig. 5 has shown the example for the temperature of the hot sidepiece of the Peltier element of thermal resistance variation in the Peltier unit and cold side portion.The culinary art stove modeling of linear model to disclosing used in experiment hereto in people such as Van DerSluis.X axle 500 has shown the thermal resistance of described Peltier, and is unit representation with K/ watt.Y-axis is a Celsius temperature 502.Curve 504 has shown the temperature of the hot sidepiece or first sidepiece of described Peltier element.Be labeled as 506 the curve display cold side portion of Peltier element or the temperature of second sidepiece.Straight line 508 is hot sidepiece to be measured 504 linear fit.Equation 510 shows this linear fit.This description of drawings is by the temperature of the hot sidepiece of control thermal resistance 500 may command Peltiers 504.By the electric current of control flows through the Peltier shown in Fig. 4, the described thermal resistance of may command.
When the battery of described stove was full of electricity, described Peltier did not need to generate its maximum electrical power.Between charge period, described load is best (non-essential resistance equals internal resistance).When the needs lower-wattage, improve described non-essential resistance and make flow through described system and generate lower-wattage of reduced-current.This is the mode of generally using all power supplys (for example battery: if want lower power, then improve load resistance).
But embodiments of the present invention can have by reducing non-essential resistance and reduce electrical power, generate bigger electric current generate more lower powered favourable aspect.In this case, more power dissipation are in described Peltier inside.
Fig. 6 shows how to have two different operating points 609 and 611 of being pointed out by straight line 610 and straight line 612, and described two working points are working points that 1 watt of power all is provided under the different temperatures of the hot sidepiece of Peltier element or first sidepiece.Straight line 610 is through low-temperature working point 609, and straight line 612 is through hot operation point 611.Embodiment reuses the linear model of mentioning before hereto.X axle 600 is that unit shows non-essential resistance Rext with ohm.Described non-essential resistance also can be described as electric loading.Y axle 602 has shown to be that the external power of unit is divided by being the electric current of unit with the ampere with the watt.The y axle has also shown Celsius temperature 604.The external power that provides by the thermoelectric generator system of described culinary art stove that has been labeled as 604 curve display.Be labeled as 604 curve and have bellly, because for low non-essential resistance, the major part of described electric energy is melt into described thermoelectric generator inside.For bigger non-essential resistance, big resistance limits electric current.The electric current of this reduction has limited the power transmission to described electric loading.
(simulation) temperature at high workload point approximately is 268 ℃.Temperature in low working point approximately is 250 ℃.For complete understanding the present invention, what should mention is that according to working temperature, it is quite rapid or quick that the described life-span changes herein.Therefore, this difference can have many influences for the life-span of described Peltier, and therefore expectation is to allow described software in the place's operation of low working point.
Fig. 7 has shown the measurement of using method execution mode, and this method is applied to the culinary art stove described in people such as Van DerSluis.On x axle 700, be that unit has shown the time with the second.Use vertical scale 702 that Celsius temperature is shown.Use another vertical scale 704 to illustrate with the electric current of ampere as unit.Curve 712 has shown the temperature of the hot sidepiece or first sidepiece of described Peltier element.The value relevant with curve 712 illustrated by the temperature scale in the accompanying drawing left side.Curve 714 has shown the electric current of the described Peltier element of flowing through.During being labeled as time period of 706, can draw ground as Fig. 7, described Peltier is being worked under big current-mode, applies 0.08 ampere the current value of having an appointment under this big current-mode.During the time period 708, described Peltier is in little current work point (current value is about 0.015 ampere) work down.When described electric current when big (time period 706), than the time period 708, described temperature lower (210 degrees centigrade), the little and described temperature of described electric current higher (234 degrees centigrade) during the time period 708.Therefore, temperature difference is about 24 degrees centigrade.This temperature difference is shown in dotted line by two.This shows the hot sidepiece of thermoelectric element or how the maximum operation temperature of first sidepiece can reduce.
Although the present invention has been shown, and described the present invention in detail with the content of front with reference to the accompanying drawings, this description and illustrate and to be considered to illustrative and illustrative rather than restrictive.The invention is not restricted to disclosed execution mode.
For example, it is possible implementing the present invention in the execution mode that does not exist aspect portable, for example fixed placement and be not meant to or not particular design be in the portable stove or lapping device.Yet because compactedness and energy efficiency, in the time of in being applied to portable unit, pyroelectric technology can bring special advantage.Described thermoelectric generator system comprises that thermal source also is possible, the surface of described thermal source such as the surface that comprises radioisotopic radioelement, combustion machine, blast pipe, solar illumination heating, thermal radiation heating, the surface of hot gas heating or the surface of mechanical friction heating.
Can understand and realize other variations according to those skilled in the art that claim of the present invention is implemented in the research of accompanying drawing, disclosure and the accompanying claims to disclosed execution mode.In claims, word " comprises " does not get rid of other elements or step, and indefinite article " " or " a kind of " do not get rid of a plurality of.Some functions of stating in claims can be realized in single processor or other unit.Only the fact of some means of statement does not show the combination profit that can not use these means in the dependent claims that differs from one another.Any Reference numeral should not be construed as the restriction to the claim scope in claims.
Reference numerals list
200 thermo-electric generator systems
202 control modules
204 thermoelectric generators
206 heat-conduction components
208 heaters
210 coolers
212 hot joinings are received the surface
The surface of 214 coolings
216 hot-fluids flow to
218 temperature sensors
Electrical connection between 220 thermoelectric elements and the control unit
Connection between 224 temperature sensors and the control unit
226 processors
228 memories
230 programs
232 electric loadings
234 lead-out terminals
235 resistance
300 pulse generators
400 times
The thermal resistance of 402 Peltiers
404 50 watts of heats by Peltier
406 100 watts of heats by Peltier
The infinitely great load of 408 cross-over connection Peltiers
The Peltier of 410 short circuits
500 thermal resistances (K/W)
502 Celsius temperatures
The hot sidepiece of 504 Peltier temperature or first sidepiece
The cold side portion of 506 Peltier temperature or second sidepiece
508 pairs of data linear fits are straight line 504
510 show the equation of linear fit
600 is the non-essential resistance of unit with ohm
602 is that the external power of unit is divided by being the electric current of unit with the ampere with the watt
603 Celsius temperatures
604 external power
606 electric currents of flowing through Peltier
The hot sidepiece of 608 Peltiers or the temperature of first sidepiece
609 low-temperature workings point
610 illustrate the straight line of low-temperature working point
611 hot operations point
612 illustrate the straight line of hot operation point
700 is the time of unit with the second
702 Celsius temperatures
704 is the electric current of unit with the ampere
706 big current work points
708 little current work points
710 temperature differences
The hot sidepiece of 712 Peltiers or the temperature of first sidepiece
714 electric currents of flowing through Peltier
Claims (10)
1. thermoelectric generator system comprises:
Thermoelectric element (204), this thermoelectric element (204) can change into the temperature difference between the second active surface of the first active surface (212) of described element and described element electricity to generate electrical power from heat energy in described system between the operating period; And
Control unit (202), this control unit (202) are used for controlling during use electrical power that described element generates with consistent with the current power demand that puts on described thermoelectric element,
It is characterized in that, described control unit (202) comprises the device in order to allow thermoelectric element work down in one of two possible working points at the current power demand, described current power demand is less than the maximum of the power of described thermoelectric element, described two possible working points provide identical power, and the combination of electric current and impedance is determined in each working point, and one of described working point has the maximum current of described two possible working points.
2. thermoelectric generator according to claim 1 system, wherein said control unit comprises that current source is used for the described thermoelectric element of current drives, described electric current surpasses in order to reach the required minimum current of current power demand that puts on described thermoelectric element.
3. thermoelectric generator according to claim 1 system, wherein said control unit comprises and is used to change the device of output impedance with the impedance that obtains one of described working point that one of described working point has the electric current and the minimum impedance of the maximum in described two possible working points.
4. thermoelectric generator according to claim 1 system, the temperature sensor (218) that comprises the temperature that is used to measure the described first active surface, wherein said control unit can receive the signal of described temperature sensor, wherein can be based on the electric current of the described thermoelectric element of flowing through from the signal adjustment of described temperature sensor.
5. thermoelectric generator according to claim 1 system, be arranged to by having following parts to use as the solid fuel stove:
Comprise combustion fuel so that the combustion chamber of heat energy to be provided between the operating period at described stove,
Comprise the load (232) of fan, described fan has motor and impeller, and this motor and impeller are configured to force gas to enter described combustion chamber,
The wherein said second active surface is arranged in the cooling blast that receives between operating period of described stove from described fan, and the wherein said first active surface is arranged between the described second active surface and the described combustion chamber.
6. thermoelectric generator according to claim 5 system, wherein said load (232) comprises rechargeable battery.
7. thermoelectric generator according to claim 5 system, described thermoelectric generator system is portable.
8. thermoelectric generator according to claim 2 system comprises the heat conducting element (206) that is used for heat conduction between the described combustion chamber and the described first active surface.
9. thermoelectric generator according to claim 1 system, wherein said control unit comprises one or more processors (226), memory (228) and one or more program (230); Wherein said one or more procedure stores is in described memory and be configured to be carried out by described one or more processors, and described one or more programs comprise:
Be used to determine the instruction of the electrical power output of the described thermoelectric generator system that (100) are required; And
Be used for by controlling the instruction that described electric current to the electric current of one of described working point minimizes (102) described working temperature, one of described working point has the maximum current in described two possible working points.
10. thermoelectric generator according to claim 1 system, wherein said generator system comprise and are used for providing the thermal source (208) of heat energy to the first active surface (212) of described thermoelectric element between the operating period in described thermoelectric generator system.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP10154619.0 | 2010-02-25 | ||
| EP10154619A EP2362456A1 (en) | 2010-02-25 | 2010-02-25 | Thermo-electric generator system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102195535A true CN102195535A (en) | 2011-09-21 |
| CN102195535B CN102195535B (en) | 2016-03-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110043948.1A Expired - Fee Related CN102195535B (en) | 2010-02-25 | 2011-02-22 | Thermo-electric generator system |
| CN2011200454951U Expired - Lifetime CN202750034U (en) | 2010-02-25 | 2011-02-22 | Thermoelectric generator system |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011200454951U Expired - Lifetime CN202750034U (en) | 2010-02-25 | 2011-02-22 | Thermoelectric generator system |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20120305045A1 (en) |
| EP (2) | EP2362456A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP5654620B2 (en) |
| CN (2) | CN102195535B (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2549909C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2011104645A2 (en) |
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| CN105940601A (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2016-09-14 | Kelk株式会社 | Thermoelectric power generation apparatus and thermoelectric power generation method |
| CN107017330A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2017-08-04 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | The TRT of vehicle |
| CN111183579A (en) * | 2017-10-04 | 2020-05-19 | 卡拉甄有限公司 | Thermoelectric element driven by electric pulses |
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| WO2018016073A1 (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2018-01-25 | 富士通株式会社 | Thermoelectric conversion module, sensor module, and information processing system |
| DE102016120667A1 (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2018-05-03 | Hans Heidolph GmbH | Laboratory apparatus, in particular magnetic stirrer |
| EP3339981B1 (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2019-11-06 | The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd | Watch provided with a thermoelectric push button |
| JP6473800B2 (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-02-20 | 株式会社Kelk | Thermoelectric power generation apparatus and thermoelectric power generation method |
| DK180206B1 (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2020-08-17 | Entiffic Aps | Portable heating system |
| MX2022002046A (en) | 2019-08-20 | 2022-04-25 | Calagen Inc | Circuit for producing electrical energy. |
| US11677338B2 (en) | 2019-08-20 | 2023-06-13 | Calagen, Inc. | Producing electrical energy using an etalon |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102195535B (en) | 2016-03-02 |
| JP2013520953A (en) | 2013-06-06 |
| WO2011104645A2 (en) | 2011-09-01 |
| US20120305045A1 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
| EP2539944B1 (en) | 2014-04-30 |
| EP2539944A2 (en) | 2013-01-02 |
| JP5654620B2 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
| EP2362456A1 (en) | 2011-08-31 |
| RU2012140754A (en) | 2014-03-27 |
| WO2011104645A3 (en) | 2012-02-16 |
| RU2549909C2 (en) | 2015-05-10 |
| CN202750034U (en) | 2013-02-20 |
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