A kind of method that keeps long-term cohesive force between special-purpose EVA packaging adhesive film of solar cell and the face glass that makes
Technical field
The present invention relates to EVA glued membrane field, relate in particular to solar cell package EVA glued membrane.
Background technology
Solar cell is the device that solar energy is directly changed into electric energy, is a new and high technology of solar energy development, is a kind of novel special power supply.The principle of generating by solar is to utilize semi-conductive quantum effects such as silicon, directly sunlight is converted to electric energy.The battery sheet directly is exposed in the atmosphere, and its opto-electronic conversion function can very fast decay, for the permanently effective need of work that guarantees solar cell encapsulates the battery sheet.The most common packaging technology is 5 layers of encapsulation, and light transmitting surface is a glass packaging.Usually with transmitance greater than 90% toughened glass, be two-layer ethene-acetate ethylene copolymer (hereinafter referred to as EVA) glued membrane folder battery sheet then, the substrate composite plastic film, polyvinyl fluoride composite membrane (TPT) for example, five layer materials add that behind the high temperature lamination aluminum alloy frame is sealed to form.
The EVA packaging adhesive film is the pith in the photovoltaic module, and it plays protection battery sheet, and the battery sheet, glass combines into an integral body effectively with backboard.The EVA glued membrane is heated to uniform temperature, under molten condition, wherein the crosslinking agent that adds decomposes the generation free radical, cause the intermolecular combination of EVA, make it and crystal silicon cell, glass, TPT backboard produce bonding and curing, three kinds of materials consist of one, and EVA is no longer mobile in the assembly after the curing, and the battery sheet is no longer mobile.Because the solar cell long-term work is in the open-air atmosphere condition, the EVA glued membrane has added necessary antiager makes it can tolerate the erosion of different territorial environments and different weathers with ultraviolet absorber.It is the critical problem that guarantees the solar cell long-time stability that but the EVA glued membrane after solidifying keeps with glass and the permanently effective cohesive force of backboard.Usually in order to quicken to simulate the weather-proof ability of EVA glued membrane at solar module, we adopt temperature 85 degree, and humidity 85 degree (hereinafter referred to as " two 85 tests ") are realized several years even aging result for more time in the short time simulating nature environment.
EVA keeps and the cohesive force problem of glass in order to solve, usually in the EVA resin, add the cohesive force that silane coupler improves EVA glued membrane and face glass, wherein silane coupler gets organic group such as thiazolinyl and EVA copolymerization, and silane oxygen partly can be in the course of processing and glass surface hydroxyl hydrolytic condensation.After but we notice simple interpolation silane coupler in actual applications, the initial adhesion power of EVA glued membrane and glass is more than 100N/cm behind the lamination, decay is very big behind the two 85 hot and humid burn-in tests of process, 500 hours cohesive forces decay to 24N/cm under the condition of temperature 85 degree, humidity 85 degree, and 1000 hours cohesive forces only are 13N/cm.The method of testing of cohesive force is a standard with GB/T 2790-1995 peeling strength test method.Wherein cause initial adhesion power big and the very fast reason of decay is that the EVA glued membrane is through the very strong non-bonding active force (as hydrogen bond action) of formation between high temperature lamination and the glass, but in ageing test, this hydrogen bond action power is dissociated under long-term hot and humid environment gradually, thereby forfeiture is to the cohesive force of glass.If the silane coupler that can make adding effectively with the silicon hydroxyl of glass surface in conjunction with forming chemical bond Si-O-Si, metastable chemical bond Si-O-Si then can effectively keep EVA glued membrane and glass surface cohesive force under hot and humid and strong ultraviolet environments.But under the laminating technology condition, unhydrolysed silane is difficult in the short time and the silicon hydroxyl hydrolytic condensation of glass surface.Therefore needed before lamination silane hydrolyzate, a kind of method is that the glued membrane that will add silane coupler and extrusion modling immerses certain hour in 90 hot water of spending, and the alcoxyl functional group hydrolysis of silane coupler, then glued membrane is taken out dry; But this method can cause the loss of component in the glued membrane.Second method is to add hydrolytic condensation catalyst (for example organic tin salt) before the extrusion modling of EVA glued membrane, can be in the silicon hydroxyl hydrolytic condensation of short time realization with glass surface, the shortcoming of this method is because silane coupler ratio in the EVA glued membrane of adding is very low, is difficult to realize point-to-point effective catalyzing hydrolysis condensation.Also having a kind of method relatively more commonly used is that silane coupler is mixed with rare ethanolic solution and hydrolysis, then this solution evenly is sprayed on the EVA glued membrane surface of extrusion modling, makes EVA glued membrane surface form very thin one deck silane coupler.Wherein a large amount of solvent evaporates can be brought very big potential safety hazard to production operation.
Summary of the invention
In order to address the above problem, the invention provides a kind of method that in advance silane coupler is hydrolyzed, and the technology of direct and EVA master's micelle and the extrusion molding of auxiliary agent batch mixing, this technology can not cause the loss of component in the glued membrane and reduce a large amount of uses of dangerous organic solvent, and can effectively improve behind EVA adhesive film compression technology and the long-term cohesive force of face glass.The process of this prehydrolysis can solve the problem that EVA glued membrane and face glass keep long-term cohesive force.
For reaching above purpose technical scheme of the present invention:
A kind of method that keeps long-term cohesive force between special-purpose EVA packaging adhesive film of solar cell and the face glass that makes comprises the step of step, EVA resin and silane coupled agent composition extrusion modling of silane coupler and EVA mixed with resin and the step of EVA resin and silane coupled agent composition and face glass condensation; Also comprise step before described silane coupler and the EVA mixed with resin step with silane coupler prehydrolysis.
Further, in the described step with silane coupler prehydrolysis, its prehydrolysis:
A. the mol ratio of the water in silane coupler and the solution is 1:3
B. hydrolysis temperature is 40 ℃-60 ℃,
C. reaction time is 20 minutes to 40 minutes,
D. hydrating solution pH value is 3-5.
Further, the above hydrolysis temperature is 45 ℃, and the pH value is 3.5, and described reaction time is 35 minutes.
Further, in the step of above-mentioned described silane coupler and EVA mixed with resin, described mixed method is that silane coupler after the prehydrolysis and EVA resin alloy is crosslinked.
Further, in the described step with silane coupler prehydrolysis, its prehydrolysis:
A. add ethanol in the hydrating solution, the mol ratio of the water in silane coupler and the solution is 1:3, and the water in the solution and the volume ratio of ethanol are 1:3,
B. hydrolysis temperature is 60 ℃-90 ℃,
C. reaction time is 60 minutes to 90 minutes,
D. hydrating solution pH value is 3-5.
Further, the above hydrolysis temperature is 65 ℃, and the pH value is 3.5, and described reaction time is 80 minutes.
Further, in the step of above-mentioned described silane coupler and EVA mixed with resin, described mixed method is that silane coupler after the prehydrolysis and EVA resin alloy is crosslinked.
Further, in the step of above-mentioned described silane coupler and EVA mixed with resin, described mixed method is for to be sprayed at the EVA resin surface with the silane coupler after the prehydrolysis.
Advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect:
A kind of method that keeps long-term cohesive force between special-purpose EVA packaging adhesive film of solar cell and the face glass that makes provided by the invention, silane coupler with silane coupler is carried out prehydrolysis before the EVA resin mixes, make the silane coupler hydrolysis form the silicon hydroxyl, mix extrusion modling with the EVA resin then.The organic group part is combined closely with the EVA resin in the silane coupler under the laminating technology condition, silicon hydroxylic moiety in the silane coupler can with the quick condensation of the hydroxyl of glass surface, the stable Si-O-Si covalent bond under hot and humid and strong ultraviolet environments of formation can effectively guarantee the long-term cohesive force of EVA glued membrane and glass surface.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1. conventional process flow figure.
Fig. 2. a kind of solar cell provided by the invention and face glass keep the process chart of long-term cohesive force.
Fig. 3. a kind of solar cell provided by the invention and face glass keep the prehydrolysis process chart of embodiment 1 in the technology of long-term cohesive force.
Fig. 4. a kind of solar cell provided by the invention and face glass keep laminating technology chemical reaction schematic diagram in the technology of long-term cohesive force.
Fig. 5. a kind of solar cell provided by the invention and face glass keep the prehydrolysis process chart of embodiment 2 in the technology of long-term cohesive force.
Fig. 6. make the infrared spectrogram of EVA glued membrane after the direct blend of the unhydrolysed silane coupler of traditional handicraft.
Fig. 7. a kind of solar cell provided by the invention and face glass keep in the technology of long-term cohesive force the infrared spectrogram of EVA glued membrane after the prehydrolysis technology.
Fig. 8. a kind of solar cell provided by the invention and face glass keep two 85 test data tables in the technology of long-term cohesive force.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, in the traditional handicraft, directly silane coupler and EVA resin are carried out mixed film forming, through with the laminating technology of face glass and TPT backboard after, very fast through its long-term cohesive force decay of " two 85 " burn-in test.A kind of method that makes solar cell and face glass keep cohesive force for a long time provided by the invention is at first carried out prehydrolysis to silane coupler, and then mixes with the EVA resin.
In order to make purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer,, the present invention is carried out describing in detail among the embodiment below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explanation the present invention, and be not used in qualification the present invention.
Embodiment 1.
As shown in Figure 2, a kind of method that keeps long-term cohesive force between special-purpose EVA packaging adhesive film of solar cell and the face glass that makes provided by the invention, comprise silane coupler and EVA mixed with resin step, extrusion modling step and with the step of face glass condensation.
Before silane coupler and EVA mixed with resin step,, and reaction is controlled at hydrolysing step with silane coupler prehydrolysis.As shown in Figure 3, the process of prehydrolysis be with in the silane coupler-Si-OR
1The chemical bond hydrolysis becomes-the Si-OH chemical bond, and its reaction equation is:
RSi(OR
1)
3+3H
2O→RSi(OH)
3+3R
1OH
Wherein R is an organo-functional group, normally vinyl, amino, epoxy radicals, methacryloxypropyl or urea groups; R
1Be hydrolyzable groups, be generally methoxyl group, ethyoxyl, acetoxyl group etc., generate silanol SiOH during these group hydrolysis.
Described step with silane coupler prehydrolysis is to carry out under the acid condition of 3-5 in the pH value, and first-selected pH value is 3.5.Acid reagent can adopt hydrochloric acid or acetic acid.
The mol ratio of the water in described silane coupler and the solution is 1:3, reaction temperature is 40 ℃-60 ℃, so that reaction is controlled at hydrolysing step, reaction time and reaction temperature are inversely proportional to, the low then reaction time of temperature is long relatively, the temperature height then the reaction time short relatively, the reaction time is generally at 20-40 minute, first-selected temperature is 45 ℃, and the time is 35 minutes.
As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, will be through the silane coupler after the said method prehydrolysis and EVA resin and other auxiliary agent blend, and then the process screw rod is extruded the stretching film forming, peroxide under the laminating technology condition in the EVA resin causes copolymerzation with cross-linking, the quick condensation reaction of silicon hydroxyl of silicon hydroxyl in the silane coupler and glass surface forms the Si-O-Si covalence key.
Embodiment 2.
A kind of method that keeps long-term cohesive force between special-purpose EVA packaging adhesive film of solar cell and the face glass that makes provided by the invention, comprise silane coupler and EVA mixed with resin step, extrusion modling step and with the step of face glass condensation.
Before silane coupler and EVA mixed with resin step, with silane coupler prehydrolysis, control is reflected at hydrolysing step.As shown in Figure 5, the process of prehydrolysis be with in the silane coupler-Si-OR
1The chemical bond hydrolysis becomes-the Si-OH chemical bond, and its reaction equation is:
RSi(OR
1)
3+3H
2O→RSi(OH)
3+3R
1OH
Wherein R is an organo-functional group, and normally vinyl, pi-allyl, amino, epoxy radicals, methacryloxypropyl, sulfydryl or urea groups can react with resin, and these reactive groups can combine with the organic substance reaction; R
1Be hydrolyzable groups, be generally methoxyl group, ethyoxyl, acetoxyl group etc., generate silanol SiOH during these group hydrolysis.
Described step with silane coupler prehydrolysis is to carry out under the acid condition of 3-5 in the pH value, and first-selected pH value is 3.5, and sour reagent can adopt volatile acid such as hydrochloric acid, acetic acid.
Add ethanol in the hydrating solution, water volume ratio in ethanol and the solution is 3:1, the mol ratio of the water in silane coupler and the solution is 1:3, reaction temperature is controlled at 50 ℃-80 ℃, and reaction temperature was controlled at 30-90 minute, and reaction temperature and reaction time are inversely proportional to, the reaction temperature height then the reaction time short relatively, the low then reaction time of reaction temperature is long relatively, and first-selected reaction temperature is 65 ℃, and the reaction time is 80 minutes.
As Fig. 4, shown in Figure 5, will be through the silane coupler after the said method prehydrolysis and EVA resin and other auxiliary agent blend, and then the process screw rod is extruded the stretching film forming, perhaps the silane coupler after the above-mentioned prehydrolysis evenly is sprayed at the EVA glued membrane surface of having extruded the stretching film forming through screw rod, under the laminating technology condition, cause copolymerzation with cross-linking by the peroxide in the EVA resin, the quick condensation reaction of silicon hydroxyl of silicon hydroxyl in the silane coupler and glass surface forms the Si-O-Si covalence key.
Prehydrolysis makes that silane coupler in the EVA glued membrane is that form with the silicon hydroxyl exists, as Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 middle infrared spectrum (instrument model: Nicolet 5700 Fourier infrared spectrographs, detect foundation: GB/T 6040-2002 infrared spectrum analysis general rule): no matter be blending technology (Fig. 7 solid line) or spraying coating process (Fig. 7 dotted line), EVA glued membrane behind the hydrolysis process infrared absorption peak of obvious Si-OH occurred at 3209 cm-1 and 1580 cm-1, and does not have not observe (Fig. 6) in the EVA glued membrane infrared spectrum of hydrolysis process.Silicon hydroxyl in the silane coupler under the laminating technology condition can with the quick condensation reaction of silicon hydroxyl of glass surface, and the formation of Si-O-Si covalent bond guarantees the permanently effective cohesive force of EVA glued membrane and glass surface.
Result behind two 85 burn-in tests has also confirmed this point.As shown in Figure 8, through 85 ℃ of excess temperatures, the hydrothermal aging of humidity 85 after 500 hours with the cohesive force of glass at 54N/cm, through 1000 hours, still can reach 50N/cm (detecting instrument: universal tensile testing machine, detection foundation: peeling strength test GB/T 2790-1995) with glassy bond power