CN102191464A - Anticorrosion coating for neodymium-iron-boron rare earth permanent magnet and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Anticorrosion coating for neodymium-iron-boron rare earth permanent magnet and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102191464A CN102191464A CN2010101193427A CN201010119342A CN102191464A CN 102191464 A CN102191464 A CN 102191464A CN 2010101193427 A CN2010101193427 A CN 2010101193427A CN 201010119342 A CN201010119342 A CN 201010119342A CN 102191464 A CN102191464 A CN 102191464A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a coating for a neodymium-iron-boron aluminum-based alloy and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the coating has excellent anticorrosion properties and higher hardness. The coating for the aluminum-based alloy comprises an inner layer and an outermost layer, wherein the inner layer consists of an aluminum-based alloy coating A or B which comprises the component of Al100-x-Mx; and the outermost layer consists of an oxide layer alloy which comprises the component of (Al100-x-Mx)2O3, wherein M is one or more of Cr, Co, Mo, W, Zr, Ti, Nb and Mn elements, and x is more than or equal to 0.05 and is less than or equal to 10, and is average atomic percent. The coating is obtained through treatment by a vapor deposition process or a sputtering process, has the characteristics of higher hardness, strong bonding force, high compactness and the like, and can better protect neodymium-iron-boron magnets from being corroded to the maximum extent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the surface anticorrosion coating of permanent-magnet rare-earth NdFeB alloy, and the method for making this coating for protection against corrosion is provided.
Background technology
Fe-B rare-earth permanent magnet is to have the excellent magnetism energy, is widely used in fields such as electronics, motor, communication! It is easy to get rusty, efflorescence but the characteristics of its corrosion-resistant make, thereby loses efficacy.Need can use at surface coverage one deck coating for protection against corrosion of NdFeB rear-earth magnet generally speaking.Common coating comprises phosphate coating, electro-galvanized layer, electroplated Ni layer and physical vapor deposition (PVD) plating Al layer etc. at present! Wherein PVD plating Al owing to its antiseptic property excellence, flux loss is little and environmental protection comes into one's own, and sees also by He Qi army and Li Wei in Metallic Functional Materials vol8, No.5, " the Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material protection against corrosion researchdevelopment " delivered on 2001.
After PVD plating Al is carried out on the Nd-Fe-B rare-earth permanent magnet surface, though plating Al protective layer has excellent antiseptic property, can stand long salt-fog test and accelerated corrosion (PCT) test, but because Al is the very low metal of a kind of hardness, the softish top layer is easy to be scratched, thereby the generation local corrosion, and then whole neodymium iron boron magnetic body is corroded! In the carrying and use of neodymium iron boron magnetic body, because the mutual collision and the friction of magnet often cause phenomenons such as the top layer is scratched, distortion, thereby plating Al layer is damaged, and does not have the protective effect to Fe-B rare-earth permanent magnet.Therefore, produce and have stronger hardness, can stand the collision in the handling process, opposing, the neodymium iron boron coating that has excellent preservative activity simultaneously again has practical significance and economic worth.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above problems, the object of the present invention is to provide and a kind ofly have excellent protective effect and, corroded in order to prevent neodymium iron boron magnetic body than the coating and the manufacture method thereof of the Fe-B rare-earth permanent magnet of strong hardness.
The present invention adopts the method for evaporation or sputter aluminum base alloy by physical vapor deposition, plates the aluminium base alloy layer of one deck on the surface of Fe-B rare-earth permanent magnet.According to an aspect of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of aluminum base alloy coating with good Anticorrosive Character and harder neodymium iron boron, the component of described aluminum base alloy coating is Al
100-x-M
xWherein, M comprises Cr, Co, Mo, W, Zr, Ti, Nb, one or more elements in the Mn element; 0.05≤x≤10, x is an average atom per-cent.
Preferably, M is Cr and be selected from Co, Mo, W, Zr, Ti, Nb, a kind of in the Mn element.
Preferably, the thickness of described aluminum base alloy coating is respectively 5~30 μ m.
Preferably, described aluminum base alloy coating also comprises an adventitia, and described adventitia is (Al by component
100-x-M
x)
2O
3Constitute, wherein, M comprises Cr, Co, Mo, W, Zr, Ti, Nb, one or more elements in the Mn element; 0.05≤x≤10, x is an average atom per-cent.Oxygen mainly is to introduce in the coating passivating process or coating forms the back owing to oxygenizement is introduced, the formation adventitia, and the thickness of described adventitia is 0.02~0.2 μ m.
Because added Cr and Co, Mo, W, Zr, Ti, Nb, transition metal such as Mn, Ni, the hardness of coating effectively improves, and owing to form the protective layer (Al of one deck densification after the Al oxidation on the top layer
100-xM
x)
2O
3Thereby, strengthened the corrosion resistance characteristic of Nd-Fe-B magnet, thereby reached the purpose of protection magnet.
According to a further aspect in the invention, the invention provides the manufacture method with good Anticorrosive Character and harder neodymium iron boron aluminum base alloy coating, described method comprises the steps:
(1) the Nd-Fe-B magnet is plated pre-treatment, treatment process comprises cleaning, the conventional plating pre-processing technique of chamfering;
(2) melting Al base alloy and make needed shape so that adopt evaporation process or sputtering technology is handled;
(3) adopt evaporation process or sputtering technology that Al base alloy is plated to the surface of Nd-Fe-B magnet, obtain Al base alloy layer; Perhaps Al with add the surface that metal M is splashed to magnet respectively, obtain Al base alloy layer by heat treating method then.
(4) described Al base alloy layer obtains having the Al base alloy layer of adventitia after through top layer Passivation Treatment or top layer oxide treatment.
Wherein, the component of described Al base alloy layer is Al
100-x-M
x, described adventitia is (Al by component
100-x-M
x)
2O
3Constitute; Wherein, M comprises Cr, Co, Mo, W, Zr, Ti, Nb, one or more elements in the Mn element; 0.05≤x≤10, x is an average atom per-cent.The thickness of described Al base alloy layer is respectively 5~30 μ m, and the thickness of described adventitia is 0.02~0.2 μ m.
Preferably, described heat treated temperature is 300~600 ℃, and soaking time was at least 5~10 minutes.
Preferably, the time of described surface passivation processing is 5~30 minutes.
Preferably, the temperature of described top layer oxide treatment is 200~400 ℃,
Preferably, the treatment time of described top layer oxide treatment is 30~60 minutes.
The thickness of coating that the present invention obtains is about 5-30 μ m magnet, can be between magnet and be not damaged in the top layer through tens of time mutual collision frictions, quicken at 5%NaCl under the experiment condition of salt fog, magnet Al alloy layer can withstand 96~144 hours 5% salt fog accelerated tests and not be damaged.Under the experiment condition of 100% humidity, 125 celsius temperatures, can the reach a high temperature PCT experiment of the Al alloy layer of magnet time to rupture occurred 500~1200 hours.The magnet that uses the Al alloy layer is through after colliding for several times, and viewed cut per-cent significantly reduces under 20 power microscopes before finished product packing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is through the sintered nd-fe-b magnet photo in kind behind the PVD plating Al base alloy;
Fig. 2 is through the plating Al magnet photo behind 144 hours the 5%NaCl acceleration salt mist experiment;
Fig. 3 is through 100% humidity, 125 celsius temperatures, the magnet photo after 700 hours the PCT experiment;
Fig. 4 is plating Al layer cross section metallograph.
Embodiment
Come the present invention is further described in detail by following examples, but be not limited in process parameters range among following examples and the embodiment.
Embodiment 1~9
The vacuum melting atomic percent is Al
99.95M
0.05Al base alloy, wherein M is respectively a kind of in Cr, Co, Mo, W, Zr, Ti, Nb, Mn, the Ni element.Alloy is made and equipment institute's matched size and shape.The Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet is cut into needed size and dimension, through washing, rinse and put into vacuum oven after washing, be evacuated down to 10
-3Turn off the vacuum unit behind the Pa, heating electrode makes the evaporation of Al base alloy, after 1 hour, plates the Al base alloy layer of the about 5 μ m of one deck respectively in the Nd-Fe-B magnet surface.Taking out, put into the passivating solution passivation that configures through the magnet of evaporation 5 minutes.The coating outermost layer forms one deck (Al100-xMx) 2O3 thin layer after the passivation, and thickness is about 0.02 μ m.The corrosion resistance characteristic and the surface tear situation of Al base alloy layer correspondence see also table 1.
Embodiment 19~26
The vacuum melting atomic percent is Al
99.95M
0.05Al base alloy, wherein M is respectively a kind of in Cr, Co, Mo, W, Zr, Ti, Nb, Mn, the Ni element.Alloy is made and equipment institute's matched size and shape.The Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet is cut into needed size and dimension, through washing, rinse and put into vacuum oven after washing, be evacuated down to 10
-3Turn off the vacuum unit behind the Pa, heating electrode makes the evaporation of Al base alloy, after 3 hours, plates the Al base alloy layer of the about 30 μ m of one deck respectively in the Nd-Fe-B magnet surface.Taking out, put into the passivating solution passivation that configures through the magnet of evaporation 30 minutes.The coating outermost layer forms one deck (Al after the passivation
100-xM
x)
2O
3Thin layer, thickness are about 0.2 μ m.The corrosion resistance characteristic and the surface tear situation of Al base alloy layer correspondence see also table 1.
Embodiment 27~33
The vacuum melting atomic percent is Al
99.95M
0.05Al base alloy, wherein M is respectively a kind of in Cr, Co, Mo, W, Zr, Ti, Nb, Mn, the Ni element.Alloy is made and equipment institute's matched size and shape.The Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet is cut into needed size and dimension, through washing, rinse and put into vacuum oven after washing, be evacuated down to 10
-3Turn off the vacuum unit behind the Pa, heating electrode makes the evaporation of Al base alloy, after 2 hours, plates the Al base alloy layer of the about 20 μ m of one deck respectively in the Nd-Fe-B magnet surface.Taking out, put into the passivating solution passivation that configures through the magnet of evaporation 20 minutes.The coating outermost layer forms one deck (Al after the passivation
100-xM
x)
2O
3Thin layer, thickness are about 0.1 μ m.The corrosion resistance characteristic of coating correspondence and surface tear situation see also table 1.
Embodiment 34~41
The vacuum melting atomic percent is Al
95M
5Al base alloy, wherein M is respectively a kind of in Cr, Co, Mo, W, Zr, Ti, Nb, Mn, the Ni element.Alloy is made and equipment institute's matched size and shape.The Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet is cut into needed size and dimension, through washing, rinse and put into vacuum oven after washing, be evacuated down to 10
-3Turn off the vacuum unit behind the Pa, heating electrode makes the evaporation of Al base alloy, and after 2 hours, the Nd-Fe-B magnet surface plates the Al base alloy layer of the about 20 μ m of one deck respectively.Taking out, put into the passivating solution passivation that configures through the magnet of evaporation 15 minutes.The coating outermost layer forms one deck (Al after the passivation
100-xM
x)
2O
3Thin layer, thickness are about 0.1 μ m.The corrosion resistance characteristic of coating correspondence and surface tear situation see also table 1.
Embodiment 42~53
The vacuum melting atomic percent is Al
99M
1Al base alloy, wherein M is respectively a kind of alloy in Cr, Co, Mo, W, Zr, Ti, Nb, Mn, the Ni element.Alloy is made and equipment institute's matched size and shape.The Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet is cut into needed size and dimension, through washing, rinse and put into vacuum oven after washing, be evacuated down to 10
-3Turn off the vacuum unit behind the Pa, heating electrode makes the evaporation of Al base alloy, and after 2 hours, the Nd-Fe-B magnet surface plates the Al base alloy layer of the about 20 μ m of one deck respectively.Taking out, put into the passivating solution passivation that configures through the magnet of evaporation 15 minutes.The coating outermost layer forms one deck (Al after the passivation
100-xM
x)
2O
3Thin layer, thickness are 0.1 μ m.The corrosion resistance characteristic of coating correspondence and surface tear situation see also table 1.
Embodiment 54~61
The vacuum melting atomic percent is Al
99Cr
0.5M
0.5Al base alloy, wherein M is respectively a kind of in Co, Mo, W, Zr, Ti, Nb, Mn, the Ni element.Alloy is made and equipment institute's matched size and shape.The Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet is cut into needed size and dimension, through washing, rinse and put into vacuum oven after washing, be evacuated down to 10
-3Turn off the vacuum unit behind the Pa, heating electrode makes the evaporation of Al base alloy, and after 1.5 hours, the Nd-Fe-B magnet surface plates the Al base alloy layer of the about 18 μ m of one deck respectively.Be heated in the air about 200 ℃ taking out through the magnet of evaporation, being placed on, keep carrying out in 30 minutes the top layer passivation.The coating outermost layer forms one deck (Al after the oxidation
100-xM
x)
2O
3Thin layer, thickness are 0.02 μ m.The corrosion resistance characteristic of coating correspondence and surface tear situation see also table 1.
Embodiment 62
The Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet is cut into needed size and dimension, through washing, rinse and put into vacuum oven after washing, be evacuated down to 10
-3Turn off the vacuum unit behind the Pa, adopt the method for sputter, Al with add metal according to Al
99.5Cr
0.5The composition ratio is plated to the surface of Nd-Fe-B magnet respectively.Be controlled at 25 μ m according to equipment different situations thickness of coating.Putting into vacuum oven through the magnet after the sputter, be heated to 300 ℃, be incubated 5 hours, obtain required coating.Coating outermost layer after 400 degrees centigrade of oxide treatment of 60 minutes has the zone of oxidation of about 0.2 μ m thickness, and the composition of zone of oxidation alloy is (Al
100-xM
x)
2O
3The corrosion resistance characteristic of coating correspondence and surface tear situation see also table 1.
Embodiment 63~69
The Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet is cut into needed size and dimension, through washing, rinse and put into vacuum oven after washing, be evacuated down to 10
-3Turn off the vacuum unit behind the Pa, adopt the method for sputter, Al with add metal according to Al
99.8Cr
0.1M
0.1Al base alloy, wherein M is respectively a kind of in Co, Mo, W, Zr, Ti, Nb, Mn, the Ni element, this Al base alloy is plated to the surface of Nd-Fe-B magnet respectively.Be controlled at 10 μ m according to equipment different situations thickness of coating.Putting into vacuum oven through the magnet after the sputter, be heated to 300 ℃ of degree, be incubated 5 hours, obtain required coating.The magnet that obtains is taken out, be placed on and be heated in the air about 300 ℃, keep carrying out in 45 minutes the top layer passivation.Outermost layer after the coating oxidation has the zone of oxidation of about 0.1 μ m thickness, and the composition of zone of oxidation alloy is (Al
100-xM
x)
2O
3The corrosion resistance characteristic and the surface tear situation of Al base alloy layer correspondence see also table 1.
Table 1 thickness is the corrosion resistance characteristic and the surface tear situation of the Al base alloy layer correspondence of 20 μ m
As can be seen from Table 1: the thickness of coating that obtains for the present invention is 20 μ m magnets, 1, quicken under the experiment condition of salt fog at 5%NaCl, and magnet Al alloy layer can withstand 96~144 hours 5% salt fog accelerated tests and not be damaged.2, under the experiment condition of 100% humidity, 125 celsius temperatures, can the reach a high temperature PCT experiment of the Al alloy layer of magnet time to rupture occurred 500~1200 hours.3, the magnet that uses the Al alloy layer is through after colliding for several times, and viewed cut per-cent significantly reduces under 20 power microscopes before finished product packing.This shows under the situation of same use physical gas-phase deposite method, the Corrosion Protection of the magnet coating that plating Al alloy of the present invention is obtained is suitable with the plating coating that pure Al obtained, the Corrosion Protection of Al alloy layer that adds two or more metals is stronger, and the coating hardness that uses Al alloy of the present invention plating to be obtained all strengthens to some extent, thus can effectively prevent to make with use in the situation that cut destroys corrosion resistance nature occurs and take place.
The present invention is illustrated by top embodiment, and still, the present invention is not limited to particular example as described herein and embodiment.Any those of skill in the art are easy to be further improved without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and perfect, therefore the present invention only is subjected to the restriction of the content and the scope of claim of the present invention, and its intention contains all and is included in alternatives and equivalent in the spirit and scope of the invention that is limited by appendix claim.
Claims (12)
1. aluminum base alloy coating with good Anticorrosive Character and harder neodymium iron boron, the component of described aluminum base alloy coating is Al
100-x-M
xWherein, M comprises Cr, Co, Mo, W, Zr, Ti, Nb, one or more elements in the Mn element; 0.05≤x≤10, x is an average atom per-cent.
2. neodymium iron boron aluminum base alloy coating as claimed in claim 1, wherein, M is Cr and be selected from Co, Mo, W, Zr, Ti, Nb, a kind of in the Mn element.
3. neodymium iron boron aluminum base alloy coating as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the thickness of described aluminum base alloy coating is respectively 5~30 μ m.
4. as the arbitrary described neodymium iron boron aluminum base alloy coating of claim 1~3, wherein, described aluminum base alloy coating also comprises an adventitia, and described adventitia is (Al by component
100-x-M
x)
2O
3Constitute, wherein, M comprises Cr, Co, Mo, W, Zr, Ti, Nb, one or more elements in the Mn element; 0.05≤x≤10, x is an average atom per-cent.
5. as the arbitrary described neodymium iron boron aluminum base alloy coating of claim 1~3, wherein, the thickness of described adventitia is 0.02~0.2 μ m.
6. manufacture method with good Anticorrosive Character and harder neodymium iron boron aluminum base alloy coating, described method comprises the steps:
(1) the Nd-Fe-B magnet is plated pre-treatment, treatment process comprises cleaning, the conventional plating pre-processing technique of chamfering;
(2) melting Al base alloy and make needed shape so that adopt evaporation process or sputtering technology is handled;
(3) adopt evaporation process or sputtering technology that Al base alloy is plated to the surface of Nd-Fe-B magnet, obtain Al base alloy layer; Perhaps Al with add the surface that metal M is splashed to magnet respectively, obtain Al base alloy layer by heat treating method then.
(4) described Al base alloy layer obtains having the Al base alloy layer of adventitia after through top layer Passivation Treatment or top layer oxide treatment.
7. manufacture method as claimed in claim 6, wherein, the component of described Al base alloy layer is Al
100-x-M
x, described adventitia is (Al by component
100-x-M
x)
2O
3Constitute; Wherein, M comprises Cr, Co, Mo, W, Zr, Ti, Nb, one or more elements in the Mn element; 0.05≤x≤10, x is an average atom per-cent.
8. manufacture method as claimed in claim 7, wherein, the thickness of described Al base alloy layer is respectively 5~30 μ m, and the thickness of described adventitia is 0.02~0.2 μ m.
9. manufacture method as claimed in claim 6, wherein, described heat treated temperature is 300~600 ℃, soaking time was at least 5~10 minutes.
10. manufacture method as claimed in claim 6, wherein, the time that described surface passivation is handled is 5~30 minutes.
11. manufacture method as claimed in claim 6, wherein, the temperature of described top layer oxide treatment is 200~400 ℃,
12. manufacture method as claimed in claim 6, wherein, the treatment time of described top layer oxide treatment is 30~60 minutes.
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US20180040398A9 (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2018-02-08 | Yantai Shougang Magnetic Materials Inc. | Method Of Preparing A Hard Aluminum Film On The Surface Of A ND-FE-B Magnet |
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CN113257508A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-08-13 | 中钢天源股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing neodymium iron boron with high comprehensive performance |
CN113257508B (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2023-09-01 | 中钢天源股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method of neodymium iron boron |
CN114574806A (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2022-06-03 | 浙江大学 | Rare earth permanent magnet material surface corrosion-resistant coating and preparation method thereof |
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