CN102191399A - Dealloying preparation method capable of greatly reducing the size of a nanoporous metal skeleton - Google Patents
Dealloying preparation method capable of greatly reducing the size of a nanoporous metal skeleton Download PDFInfo
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- CN102191399A CN102191399A CN2011101133581A CN201110113358A CN102191399A CN 102191399 A CN102191399 A CN 102191399A CN 2011101133581 A CN2011101133581 A CN 2011101133581A CN 201110113358 A CN201110113358 A CN 201110113358A CN 102191399 A CN102191399 A CN 102191399A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a dealloying preparation method capable of greatly reducing the size of a nanoporous metal skeleton. The method comprises the following steps: a) cutting an AB(C) alloy ribbons into strips of 2 to 3 cm long, and taking out 4 to 6 strips; b) putting the strips into an electrolyte solution, heating a container with the solution at room temperature, and recording beginning time; c) heating the container to a temperature and keeping the container at the temperature; d) observing bubbles generated by the action between active metals and the electrolyte solution in the container, stopping insulating the container if there is no bubble anymore, taking the strips out from the electrolyte solution, and recording time; e) flushing the strips with anhydrous alcohol first and with deionized water later; f) repeating step a; g) preparing an electrolyte solution, evenly mixing a proper amount of a surfactant into the electrolyte solution, putting the strips into the electrolyte solution, heating a container with the strips at room temperature, and recording beginning time; h) repeating step c and step d; i) cooking the strips obtained after step f, step g and step h in boiling anhydrous alcohol, and standing the strips in the anhydrous alcohol. According to the invention, the size of a nanoporous metal skeleton is significantly reduced, thereby increasing the specific surface area of nanoporous metal. The invention has positive engineering value in application fields like catalysis and filtering where high-standard specific surface areas are required.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of removal alloying preparation method that can reduce the nano porous metal of nano porous metal skeleton size significantly, belong to fields such as catalysis, sensing and heat exchange.
Background technology
Calendar year 2001, the people such as Jonah Erlebacher of Harvard University delivered one piece of paper that is called " Evolution of nanoporosity in dealloying " on " Nature ", and after this nano porous metal and removal alloying technology cause investigator's extensive concern.Nano porous metal has big internal surface area, high porosity and uniform nanoporous, and have excellent properties such as the high thermal conductivity, high conductivity of metallic substance, anticorrosive, antifatigue, have broad application prospects in fields such as catalysis, sensing, stoppers.Nano-porous gold has been used to catalytic performance research, need not porous support with nanoporous Au as catalyzer, can get rid of the additional effect of porous support in catalyzed reaction, and result of study shows that all nanoporous Au has extraordinary CO-CO
2Catalytic performance, the rise that is indicating the catalytic material that a class is new; Nano-porous gold also can be applicable to biosensor, and when this transmitter detected dna molecular, nano-porous gold showed very high detection sensitivity; Nano-porous gold also is applied to the heat exchange field in addition, discovers nano-porous gold having shown than better low temperature thermal conductive of traditional hot exchange material platinum and the specific surface area higher than traditional silver powder in heat exchanging process.
Advantage that the removal alloying legal system is equipped with nano porous metal because it is simple to operation, the gained vesicular structure is easy to control etc. is not studied the person in recent years and is extensive use of.The removal alloying method, also claim the selective corrosion method, be meant under the electropotential between the alloy constituent element differs bigger situation, the active element of the electrochemical properties in the alloy under electrolytical effect optionally dissolving enter electrolytic solution and stay the corrosion process of electrochemical properties than stable element.Constituent element both can be a kind of element in the single phase solid solution alloy, can be again a certain phase in the polyphase alloy.Remaining comparatively inert atoms metal is through the final nano-porous structure that forms co-continuous of the growth of reuniting.The new alloy system for preparing nano porous metal about removal alloying was developed gradually in recent years, such as Ni-Cu, Mn-Cu, Si-Pt, Al-Au, Pd-Ni-P etc., handle by removal alloying these systems, can be prepared into nano porous palladium (Nanoporous Pd, NPPd), nano-porous gold (Nanoporous Au, NPG), (Nanoporous Ag NPS) waits nano porous metal to nano-porous silver.
Nano porous metal has shown excellent application advantage in some fields, the bigger serface that nano-porous structure brought that these application advantage and nano porous metals had has vital the contact.Studies show that porous material skeleton size is more little, the specific surface area of material is big more.Therefore under the set alloy system condition, it is bigger how to reach out for specific surface area, and promptly the nano porous metal that the skeleton size is littler occupies very important effect in the application facet of this functional materials.Nano porous metal skeleton size is subjected to the influence of several factors: 1) alloying constituent, along with the increase of torpescence constituent element in the alloying constituent, residue skeleton size becomes big behind the removal alloying.Along with Ag atomic ratio in the Al-Ag alloy by the variation of 15 at.% to 45 at.%, the variation of 94nm to 228nm appears in the NPS skeleton size that people such as Wang prepare; 2) removal alloying mode studies show that the skeleton size is littler the chemical relatively forms of corrosion of the nano porous metal for preparing by the galvanic corrosion mode.People such as Biener J utilize chemical corrosion and galvanic corrosion to prepare the NPG that the skeleton size is respectively 10nm and 60nm; 3) torpescence constituent element kind, the formation of nano-porous structure is relevant with the spread coefficient of torpescence constituent element, and spread coefficient is big more, and the skeleton size of resulting structures is big more.The nano porous metal of the skeleton size minimum that nowadays makes is nanoporous platinum (Nanoporous Pt, NPPt) (3.4nm), (Nanoporous Cu, NPC) size of Denging is then along with the increase of the spread coefficient of precious metal element and increase for NPG, NPS, nano porous copper.How reducing nano-porous structure skeleton size under the set condition of above-mentioned factor, then is the essential condition that obtains to have the nano porous metal of better performance thereby increase the material specific surface area.
The present invention is that virgin alloy, 90 ± 5 ℃ are temperature of reaction, 25 vol.% H with the Al-Ag alloy in the preparation of nano porous metal
2SO
4For electrolyte solution prepares nano-porous silver, in electrolyte solution, add tensio-active agent first, the adding of proof list surface-active agent can prepare the nano porous metal that the skeleton size significantly reduces, and has proposed concrete operational path simultaneously.The present patent application people adopt nanoporous+removal alloying+tensio-active agent (nanoporous+dealloy+surfactant) as keyword retrieval United States Patent (USP) digest (USPTO), European patent digest (EP-PCT), " Chinese patent Information Network " and " State Intellectual Property Office of the People's Republic of China's patent retrieval " are not found patent family.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide and a kind ofly can significantly reduce nano porous metal skeleton size, thereby improve the removal alloying preparation method of material specific surface area.More particularly, the purpose of this invention is to provide that a kind of to place electrolyte solution to carry out chemical corrosion AB (C) alloy be that removal alloying is handled, significantly reduce nano porous metal skeleton size thereby in electrolyte solution, add proper amount of surfactant, increase the nano porous metal preparation method of material specific surface area.
Thereby the present invention relates to a kind of removal alloying preparation method that nano-porous structure skeleton size increases the material specific surface area that reduces, be achieved by following technique means:
Described AB (C) alloy, it is characterized in that between the alloying element or the alloy constituent element between have difference in Electrode Potential, or a kind of element is wherein arranged is precious metal element, such as alloy systems such as Au-Ag, Ni-Cu, Mn-Cu, Si-Pt, Pd-Ni-P, Al-Au, Al-Ag.
Described electrolyte solution, it is characterized in that can be with more active element or constituent element dissolving in the alloy system, and do not influence the solution of precious metal or other torpescence constituent element element, such as can select dilute alkaline solns such as dilute acid solns such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide according to alloy system.
Described tensio-active agent, it is characterized in that having ion in this material, can be adsorbed on the atoms metal surface by physical adsorption or chemisorption mode, such as organic solvent or wherein several mixing such as oleic acid, oleyl amine, lipid acid, aliphatic amide, acrylamide, mercaptan.
Improve the removal alloying preparation method of nano porous metal preparation efficiency, it is characterized in that having following processing step:
A. it is long AB (C) alloy thin band to be cut into 2-3cm, gets 4-6 bar strip;
B. dispose electrolyte solution, strip is put into electrolyte solution, container began by room temperature heating, start-of-record time simultaneously;
C. container is heated to 90 ± 5 ℃ of insulations;
D. observe the bubble situation of active metal and electrolyte solution reaction in the container, wait not have obvious visible bubble in bubble, stop to be incubated, with alloy thin band by taking out writing time in the electrolyte solution;
E. will wash 3-5 time with raw spirit through the alloy thin band of a, b, c, d step, use deionized water rinsing 3-5 time subsequently;
F. repeating step a;
G. dispose electrolyte solution, the extraction proper amount of surfactant places electrolyte solution and mixes, and strip is put into electrolyte solution, and container began by room temperature heating, start-of-record time simultaneously;
H. repeating step c, d;
I. will in the ebullient raw spirit, boil 30min through the strip of f, g, h step, and place raw spirit to leave standstill 15h strip then.
The mechanism of the inventive method is: removal alloying prepares nano porous metal and relates to the dissolving of active element and the diffusion aggregation of residue inertia constituent element atoms metal, there is some special ion in the tensio-active agent, these ions can be adsorbed on the surface of precious metal, suppress the diffusion of precious metal atom.
The inventive method is applicable to multiple alloy system, and as the removal alloying process of alloy systems such as Au-Ag, Ni-Cu, Mn-Cu, Si-Pt, Pd-Ni-P, Al-Au, Al-Ag, promptly multiple nano porous metal is as the preparation of NPG, NPPd, NPS etc.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 for Al-25 at.% Ag virgin alloy strip and in the electrolyte solution of surfactant-free is arranged the XRD curve behind the removal alloying.As seen Al-25 at.% Ag alloy thin band has all been realized removal alloying process completely in two kinds of electrolyte solutions.
Fig. 2 is Al-25 at.% Ag alloy thin band section SEM photo of gained NPS behind the removal alloying in two kinds of electrolyte solutions.Wherein Fig. 2 a) and b) be the section SEM photo of NPS behind the removal alloying in not adding the electrolyte solution of tensio-active agent, Fig. 2 c) and d) be the SEM photo of NPS behind the removal alloying in the interpolation tensio-active agent.Fig. 2 a) is the SEM photo under amplifying 5000 times, whole as can be seen strip section structure is even, illustrate that the strip section lives through identical removal alloying process, Fig. 2 b) is the SEM photo under amplifying 20000 times, can see uniform three-dimensional successive nano-porous structure, through adding up to such an extent that average skeleton is of a size of 284 ± 74nm; Fig. 2 c) is the SEM photo under amplifying 5000 times, whole as can be seen strip section structure is even, illustrate that the strip section lives through identical removal alloying process equally, Fig. 2 d) is the SEM photo under amplifying 20000 times, can see uniform three-dimensional successive nano-porous structure, through adding up to such an extent that average skeleton is of a size of 159 ± 36nm.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment:
Embodiment one: concrete steps are as follows:
A. it is long Al-25 at.% Ag alloy thin band to be cut into 2-3cm, gets 4-6 bar strip;
B. dispose 25 vol.% H
2SO
4Solution is put into strip the H that configures
2SO
4In the solution, container began by room temperature heating, start-of-record time simultaneously;
C. container is heated to 90 ± 5 ℃ of insulations;
D. observe Al element and H in the container
2SO
4The bubble situation of solution reaction waits not have obvious visible bubble in bubble, stop the insulation, with strip by H
2SO
4Take out writing time in the solution;
E. will wash 3-5 time with raw spirit through the alloy thin band of A, B, C, D step, use deionized water rinsing 3-5 time subsequently;
F. repeating step A;
G. dispose 25 vol.% H
2SO
4Solution 100ml is with 2ml oleic acid (C
17H
33COOH, 90% purity) and 2ml oleyl amine (C
18H
35NH
2, 70% purity) and place 100ml H
2SO
4Mix in the solution, strip is put into above-mentioned electrolyte solution, container began by room temperature heating, start-of-record time simultaneously;
H. repeating step C, D;
I. will in the ebullient raw spirit, boil 30min through the strip of F, G, H step, and place raw spirit to leave standstill 15h strip then.
With two kinds of NPS strips of Al-25 at.%Ag virgin alloy strip in the present embodiment and removal alloying acquisition, (X-ray Diffractomer XRD) carries out material phase analysis, tentatively judges the performance level of removal alloying process by X-ray diffractometer.
Fig. 1 in the visible accompanying drawing of material phase analysis result of two kinds of NPS strips that related Al-25 at.%Ag alloy thin band and removal alloying obtain in the present embodiment.Get Al-25 at.% Ag virgin alloy strip by sosoloid α-Al (Ag) and intermetallic compound Ag according to Fig. 1
2Al two phase composites, through two removal alloying processes in two kinds of electrolyte solutions, only there is single face-centered cubic (f.c.c.) Ag phase in alloy thin band, illustrate and add or do not add tensio-active agent in the electrolyte solution, Al-25 at.% Ag all experiences identical removal alloying process, sosoloid α-Al (Ag) and intermetallic compound Ag in the alloy
2Al in the Al two-phase all is removed, only remaining single Ag phase.
With two kinds of NPS strips that obtain in the present embodiment, (Scanning Electron Microscope SEM) observes section structure, and records the skeleton size of two NPS respectively by scanning electronic microscope.
Fig. 2 in the visible accompanying drawing of NPS strip section structure pattern that obtains in two kinds of electrolyte solutions in the present embodiment.Wherein Fig. 2 a) and b) be at H
2SO
4The section SEM photo of NPS behind the removal alloying in the solution, Fig. 2 a) is the SEM photo under amplifying 5000 times, whole as can be seen strip section structure is even, illustrate that the strip section lives through identical removal alloying process, Fig. 2 b) is the SEM photo under amplifying 20000 times, can see uniform three-dimensional successive nano-porous structure, through adding up to such an extent that average skeleton is of a size of 212nm; Fig. 2 c) and d) be at H
2SO
4+ C
17H
33COOH+C
18H
35NH
2The SEM photo of NPS behind the removal alloying in the solution, Fig. 2 c) is the SEM photo under amplifying 5000 times, whole as can be seen strip section structure is even, illustrate that the strip section lives through identical removal alloying process equally, Fig. 2 d) for the SEM photo under amplifying 20000 times, can see uniform three-dimensional successive nano-porous structure, through adding up to such an extent that average skeleton is of a size of 159nm, with respect to 284nm, the adding of tensio-active agent has significantly reduced the average skeleton size of NPS.
Table 1 has been enumerated the series of parameters of two removal alloying processes, illustrates that more intuitively the adding of tensio-active agent in the electrolyte solution can significantly reduce nano-porous structure skeleton size.
The parameter of table 1. Al-25 at.% Ag alloy thin band removal alloying process in two kinds of electrolyte solutions
| Alloy | Electrolyte solution | Temperature (℃) | Reaction times (h) | The oleic acid oleyl amine | Skeleton size (nm) |
| Al-25 |
25 vol.% H 2SO 4 | 90 ± 5 | 1 | Do not have | 284 ± 74 |
| Al-25 |
25 vol.% H 2SO 4 | 90 ± 5 | 3 | Have | 159 ± 36 |
Claims (7)
1. removal alloying preparation method who reduces nano-porous structure skeleton size significantly is characterized in that this method has following processing step:
A. it is long AB (C) alloy thin band to be cut into 2-3cm, gets 4-6 bar strip;
B. dispose electrolyte solution, strip is put into electrolyte solution, container began by room temperature heating, start-of-record time simultaneously;
C. container is heated to 90 ± 5 ℃ of insulations;
D. observe the bubble situation of active metal and electrolyte solution reaction in the container, wait not have obvious visible bubble in bubble, stop to be incubated, with alloy thin band by taking out writing time in the electrolyte solution;
E. will wash 3-5 time with raw spirit through the alloy thin band of a, b, c, d step, use deionized water rinsing 3-5 time subsequently;
F. repeating step a;
G. dispose electrolyte solution, the extraction proper amount of surfactant places electrolyte solution and mixes, and strip is put into electrolyte solution, and container began by room temperature heating, start-of-record time simultaneously;
H. repeating step c, d;
I. will in the ebullient raw spirit, boil 30min through the strip of f, g, h step, and place raw spirit to leave standstill 15h strip then.
2. reduce the removal alloying preparation method of nano-porous structure skeleton size significantly according to claim 1, it is characterized in that between the alloying element in described AB (C) alloy or have difference in Electrode Potential between the alloy constituent element, or a kind of element is wherein arranged is precious metal element.
3. reduce the removal alloying preparation method of nano-porous structure skeleton size according to claim 1 significantly, it is characterized in that described AB (C) alloy is a kind of in Au-Ag, Ni-Cu, Mn-Cu, Si-Pt, Pd-Ni-P, Al-Au, the Al-Ag alloy system.
4. reduce the removal alloying preparation method of nano-porous structure skeleton size significantly according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described electrolyte solution can dissolve more active element or constituent element in the alloy system, and do not influence the solution of precious metal element or torpescence constituent element.
5. reduce the removal alloying preparation method of nano-porous structure skeleton size significantly according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described electrolyte solution is a kind of in hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, the phosphoric acid dilute solution, perhaps is a kind of in sodium hydroxide, the potassium hydroxide dilute solution.
6. reduce the removal alloying preparation method of nano-porous structure skeleton size according to claim 1 significantly, it is characterized in that having ion in the described tensio-active agent, can be adsorbed on the atoms metal surface by physical adsorption or chemisorption mode.
7. reduce the removal alloying preparation method of nano-porous structure skeleton size according to claim 1 significantly, it is characterized in that described tensio-active agent is one or several in oleic acid, oleyl amine, lipid acid, aliphatic amide, acrylamide, the mercaptan.
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Cited By (9)
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| CN102974345A (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2013-03-20 | 西安交通大学 | Preparation method of noble metal load cerium oxide nano-porous catalytic material |
| CN103924117A (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2014-07-16 | 山东大学 | Nano porous electrochemical drive device and preparation method thereof |
| CN105149607A (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2015-12-16 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Preparation method of nano-porous titanium powder or nano-porous nickel powder |
| CN106591619A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2017-04-26 | 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 | Double-mode porous copper and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN106636717A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-10 | 天津理工大学 | Method for purifying nano-porous metal by evaporation differences |
| CN107012438A (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2017-08-04 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of preparation method of the reinforced porous silver-colored magnesium alloy film of heat endurance |
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| CN115254099A (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2022-11-01 | 山东大学 | Method for preparing silver palladium monatomic catalyst by using casting de-alloying and post-heat treatment method |
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| CN102974345A (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2013-03-20 | 西安交通大学 | Preparation method of noble metal load cerium oxide nano-porous catalytic material |
| CN102974345B (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2014-06-04 | 西安交通大学 | Preparation method of noble metal load cerium oxide nano-porous catalytic material |
| CN103924117A (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2014-07-16 | 山东大学 | Nano porous electrochemical drive device and preparation method thereof |
| CN105149607A (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2015-12-16 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Preparation method of nano-porous titanium powder or nano-porous nickel powder |
| CN106591619A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2017-04-26 | 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 | Double-mode porous copper and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN106636717A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-10 | 天津理工大学 | Method for purifying nano-porous metal by evaporation differences |
| CN107012438A (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2017-08-04 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of preparation method of the reinforced porous silver-colored magnesium alloy film of heat endurance |
| CN112138672A (en) * | 2020-10-17 | 2020-12-29 | 左海珍 | Preparation method of catalyst for preparing low-carbon alcohol from synthesis gas |
| CN114369829A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-04-19 | 浙江花园新能源股份有限公司 | Preparation process of porous copper foil, product and application thereof |
| CN114369829B (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-07-08 | 浙江花园新能源股份有限公司 | Preparation process of porous copper foil, product and application thereof |
| CN115254099A (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2022-11-01 | 山东大学 | Method for preparing silver palladium monatomic catalyst by using casting de-alloying and post-heat treatment method |
| CN115254099B (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2023-12-08 | 山东大学 | Method for preparing silver-palladium monoatomic catalyst by casting dealloying and post heat treatment method |
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Application publication date: 20110921 |