CN102191279A - Method for biological detoxication of pretreated lignocellulose biomass - Google Patents
Method for biological detoxication of pretreated lignocellulose biomass Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for biological detoxication of pretreated lignocellulose biomass, which comprises the following steps: step one, performing pretreatment for preparation of raw materials; and step two, performing biological detoxication and fermentation: inoculating fungi Amorphotheca resinae ZN1 by using PDA as a medium, followed by cultivation at a temperature of 20 to 30 DEG C; performing elution to obtain A. resinae ZN1 spores, inserting the A. resinae ZN1 spores into the pretreated lignocellulose biomass raw materials, and carrying out cultivation until the growing of mycelia, so that a first order seed is obtained; and inserting the first order seed into the raw materials, wherein the water content is 10 to 90%, adjusting the pH of the raw materials to 4 to 7, and then carrying out cultivation for 1 to 7 days at a temperature of 20 to 40 DEG C. The method for biological detoxication of the pretreated lignocellulose biomass provided in the invention has advantages of simple operation and low requirement for equipment. Furthermore, various mainly inhibitors produced during the pretreatment processing can be degraded. Therefore, the continuity of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of high-solid content can be ensured, processing steps can be reduced, and working procedure time can be shorten and working procedure cost can be reduced.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to a kind of with the solid-state best cultivation of fungi, the method that the degraded product that is produced through physics, chemistry or the pretreated lignocellulose biomass of physico-chemical processes is carried out the quick bio detoxification.Pretreated lignocellulose biomass is behind biological detoxication, even under highly filled condition, (causing higher inhibition concentration) without the detoxification meeting, also can normally carry out synchronous saccharification and fermentation operation and produce ethanol, concrete is a kind of method of lignocellulose biomass after the pre-treatment being carried out biological detoxication.
[background technology]
With the lignocellulose biomass is that raw material is produced alcohol fuel, not only can solve the energy dilemma of fossil oil exhaustion, also can alleviate the Greenhouse effect that fossil oil brings.The more important thing is that the lignocellulose biomass great majority are agriculture and forestry organic waste materials, raw material cheapness, wide material sources and renewable.Lignocellulosic materials for fuel ethanol will be passed through operations such as pre-treatment, enzymic hydrolysis, fermentation, separation purification, the production cost of wherein pretreated cost and validity, cellulase and higher ethanol yield etc. all are key factor (Energy for Sustainable Development.2009,13,174-182).Pretreatment process mainly contains chemical method, physics method, physico-chemical processes and biological process at present, and wherein the swollen quick-fried pre-treatment of high temperature dilute acid pretreatment and steam is the most widely used general and the most sophisticated two kinds of pretreatment processs of technology.And the part degraded can take place in lignocellulose in these two kinds of preprocessing process, produces various organic acids, furans and phenolic compound, and compound concentrations increases along with the raising of pre-treatment intensity.These inhibitions are to the activity of cellulase in the enzymolysis process, and zymic growth and fermentation all have the obvious suppression effect in the ethanol fermentation.
(Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation SSF) is the technology that enzymic hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation operation are carried out simultaneously for synchronous saccharification and fermentation.Can avoid high sugared product that the enzymic hydrolysis process the produced retarding effect to enzyme because of it, this technology has been widely used in production of fuel ethanol.In order to reduce the energy consumption of ethanol rectifying, must obtain the ethanol of higher concentration at fermenting process, the solids content in the SSF process also increases so that the sugared concentration of higher Gong fermentation to be provided thereupon.In highly filled SSF, inhibition concentration is also than higher, often causes the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae can't normal growth and fermentation.Therefore, how to remove the inhibition in the lignocellulosic material after the pre-treatment effectively, i.e. " detoxification ", most important to producing high concentration ethanol under the highly filled condition.
At present the method that pretreating raw material is carried out detoxification mainly contains: physics method (vacuum-evaporation etc.); Chemical method (charcoal absorption, ion exchange resin absorption, and precipitation etc.); Biological process (fungal laccase or oxydase, microorganism is directly used) etc.Preceding two kinds of methods are had relatively high expectations to equipment and technology, and cost is also higher.And the condition of biological process detoxification is relatively gentleer, do not have new inhibition to generate, and detoxification efficiency is good.Especially it is the most obvious that fungi is applied in the pretreated hydrolyzed solution detoxification efficiency, Lopez equals to filter out in 2004 Coniochaeta ligniaria, furfural in the hydrolyzed solution and hydroxymethylfurfural (concentration is respectively 20mM and 15mM) can be degraded fully, shortcoming is that the detoxification cycle is long.Which kind of detoxification mode no matter, the major part that adopts all is that the hydrolyzed solution after the enzymic hydrolysis is carried out detoxification at present, this has had a strong impact on the continuity of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation technology.
[summary of the invention]
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of method of lignocellulose biomass after the pre-treatment being carried out biological detoxication is provided.
The invention reside in the fungal strain A.resinae ZN1 that the utilization contriver obtains from occurring in nature screening, the biological detoxification method that the inhibition in the pretreated lignocellulose biomass is degraded fast.Biological detoxification method proposed by the invention, various types of inhibition (acetate that different pretreatment processs are produced not only, formic acid, levulinic acid, furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural, vanillin food grade,1000.000000ine mesh, to the methylol phenyl aldehyde) Degradation is fast arranged, and also the detoxification mode is to carry out in the solid-state lignocellulosic material before enzymic hydrolysis, thus guarantee that highly filled SSF produces normally carrying out continuously of ethanol.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: adopt solid-state best cultivation, with A.resinae ZN1 pretreated lignocellulose biomass is carried out biological detoxication, and produce ethanol with the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of the lignocellulose biomass after this detoxification under highly filled condition, concrete steps are:
A kind of lignocellulose biomass after the pre-treatment is carried out the method for biological detoxication, concrete steps are:
One, the preparation of pretreating raw material
(1) raw material is prepared: with pulverizer the corn lignocellulosic material is crushed to 0.1～20mm, and through washing, baking step, seals preservation, use when treating the pre-treatment experiment;
(2) the swollen quick-fried pre-treatment of steam: at 160～240 ℃, 0.3 under～2.0MPa the condition, directly in steam blasting device the lignocellulosic material of pulverizing oven dry is handled 1～15min with water vapor, the lignocellulosic material after the processing is placed in 4 ℃ of refrigerators and preserves;
(3) dilute acid pretreatment: with the lignocellulosic material after the dilute sulphuric acid preimpregnation pulverizing, stir to place and put into reactor after spending the night and react, dilute acid concentration 0.5～5% (w/w), pretreatment time 1～15min, pretreatment temperature is 160～240 ℃, obtains the different various lignocellulosic materials of pre-treatment intensity; The lignocellulosic material that obtains is positioned in 4 ℃ of refrigerators and preserves for future use;
Two, bacterial classification and bacterium culture medium
(1) kerosene bacterium Amorphotheca resinae ZN1:
Described virus-free strain is Amorphotheca resinae ZN1, and this culture of strains base of preservation is PDA; The dark film section fungi of the strain Ascomycota that A.resinae ZN1 obtains from occurring in nature screening for the contriver is in order to the biological detoxication of lignocellulosic material.A.resinae ZN1 test tube slant preparation (PDA substratum) and culture presevation.
Peel and be cut into the potato 200g of fritter, add the 1L deionized water, boil the back and filter, and add deionized water to 1L with cotton; Add glucose and each 20g of agar in every 1L potato liquid, divide behind the heating for dissolving mixing and install in the test tube, high-temperature sterilization, condition is 110～120 ℃, 15～25min, and the test tube slant is made in cooling, method with Z stroke line is inoculated A.resinae ZN1 on the test tube slant, cultivate in 20～40 ℃ of thermostat containers, be positioned in 4 ℃ of refrigerators after thalli growth is good and preserve, for future use.
(2) Saccharomyces Cerevisiae in S accharomyces cerevisiae DQ1
Described Saccharomyces Cerevisiae in S accharomyces cerevisiae DQ1 is perhaps for utilizing the fermented bacterium of lignocellulose biomass.Saccharomyces cerevisiae DQ1 is the ethanol fermentation bacterial classification of this laboratory mutagenesis screening, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation in order to alcohol fuel, this bacterial classification contains in Chinese common micro-organisms preservation center (CGMCC), preserving number is No.2582, and detailed content is referring to the Chinese invention patent CN 101434913A of the applicant's application.
YPD substratum activation: KH
2PO
42g/L; MgSO
47H
2O
41g/L; (NH
4)
2SO
41g/L; Yeast extract 1g/L; Glucose 60g/L; The domestication substratum: 25% hydrolyzed solution: YPD culture volume/hydrolyzed solution volume=produce at 4: 1 is consistent among nutritive salt composition and the YPD in the hydrolyzed solution; 50% hydrolyzed solution: YPD culture volume/hydrolyzed solution volume=produce at 2: 1 is consistent among nutritive salt composition and the YPD in the hydrolyzed solution.
Three, solid-state biological detoxication and fermentation
(1) first order seed is cultivated
With sterilized water wash-out A.resinae ZN1 spore suspension from the test tube slant, and by counting method of blood cell calculating spore concentration, thereby dilute, making spore concentration is 10
5～10
8Individual/ml, the inoculum size with 3～20% inserts in the lignocellulosic material, and the water content 10～90% of lignocellulosic material is placed in 20～40 ℃ of thermostat containers and cultivated 1～4 day;
To insert solid-state lignocellulose biomass from test tube wash-out spore suspension, solid-state cultivation seed, inoculum size 2～20%, water content 10～90%, temperature are 20～40 ℃, the time is 1～4 day;
(2) biological detoxication and fermentation
Cultured first order seed is linked in the fresh lignocellulosic material, wherein inoculum size is 3～20%, water content is 10～90%, the lignocellulosic material that diluted acid is handled is regulated pH to 4～7 with the sodium hydroxide of 20% (w/w) earlier, be positioned under 20～40 ℃ of conditions and cultivate, different according to lignocellulosic material processing mode and intensity, the time of biological detoxication was at 1～7 day;
Describedly directly first order seed is connect solid-state mode and is linked into and needs in the preprocessing lignocellulose of the detoxification biomass with solid-state, its correlation parameter is: inoculum size 3～20%, and water content 10%～90%, temperature are 20～40 ℃, the time is 1～7 day;
To carry out the 5-35% solid content through the lignocellulosic material of A.resinae ZN1 detoxification, the saccharification that the 5-30FPU/gDM enzyme is lived; Insert the yeast starter liquid of having tamed with 10% inoculum size, at 37 ℃, 150rpm condition bottom fermentation 24-72 hour; 12h saccharification liquid and the dilution of 24h fermented liquid, wherein various inhibitions of high-efficient liquid phase analysis and alcohol concn behind the membrane filtration;
Compared with prior art, positively effect of the present invention is:
The invention belongs to the biological detoxification method of lignocellulose biomass after utilizing fungi to pre-treatment.Relative physics, chemistry or physical chemistry poison-removing method, present method is simple to operate, and is low for equipment requirements, and the main mixing inhibition (acetate, furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural, phenol) that produces in the preprocessing process of degrading.But different with existing biological process detoxification, what present method adopted is that pretreated solid-state lignocellulose biomass is carried out detoxification, rather than the hydrolyzed solution after the enzymic hydrolysis.So not only can avoid the restraining effect of the inhibition of high density, can also guarantee highly filled synchronous saccharification and fermentation continuity, reduce processing step, shorten activity time and cost, thereby realize the industrialization of alcohol fuel cellulase.
[embodiment]
The present invention below is provided a kind of embodiment of lignocellulose biomass after the pre-treatment being carried out the method for biological detoxication.
Embodiment 1
Low solid content shakes a bottle simultaneous saccharification and fermentation after the maize straw process A.resinae ZN1 detoxification treatment that the swollen quick-fried pre-treatment of steam obtains: with sterilized water wash-out A.resinae ZN1 spore from the test tube slant.Spore suspension is joined in the swollen quick-fried pretreated maize straw of steam (10% inoculum size, 60% water content).Be placed in 25 ℃ of thermostat containers and cultivated 3 days, as seed.The swollen quick-fried maize straw of the steam of water content 60% is put into 250ml and is shaken bottle, inserts the seed stalk and handles 5 days (25 ℃) continuously.In shaking bottle, add the citrate buffer solution of pH4.8 and an amount of enzyme liquid, make solids content 10%, enzyme 15FPU/gDM alive.(50 ℃, 200rpm), sampling HPLC detects wherein inhibition concentration to saccharification 12h, and (37 ℃, 150rmp), sampling HPLC detects wherein alcohol concn to continue to insert the yeast fermentation 24h that tames.Under the similarity condition, identical maize straw various inhibition concentration when not having detoxification are respectively: formic acid 3.0g/l; Acetate 3.8g/l; Hydroxymethylfurfural 1.4g/l; Furfural 0.89g/l, through A.resinae ZN1 detoxification, furfural was degraded fully in second day; Hydroxymethylfurfural was degraded fully in the 4th day; The 5th day only remaining acetate, its concentration is 2.1g/l; Alcohol concn is brought up to 12.4g/l after the detoxification by initial 0g/l.
Embodiment 2
Highly filled 5L reactor simultaneous saccharification and fermentation after the maize straw process A.resinae ZN1 detoxification treatment that the swollen quick-fried pre-treatment of steam obtains: cultivate the seed maize straw with embodiment 1 same method.Regulate freshly with deionized water, handling the maize straw obtain with quadrat method, to make water content be 60%.Insert the seed maize straw, handle 4 days (25 ℃) continuously.Maize straw after the detoxification, the YPD nutrient salt solution, and enzyme liquid is put in the 5L reactor final solids content 30%, enzyme 15FPU/gDM alive.And 50 ℃ of temperature are set, and rotating speed 150rpm, saccharification 12h, sampling detects wherein inhibition concentration.And insert the yeast starter (inoculum size 10%) of having tamed immediately, and at 37 ℃, 150rpm condition bottom fermentation 60h, timing sampling detects alcoholic acid and generates.Under the similarity condition, identical maize straw does not pass through A.resinae ZN1 detoxification, and yeast can't be grown.Wherein various inhibition concentration are respectively: acetate 10.21g/l; Hydroxymethylfurfural 2.61g/l; Furfural 1.0g/l.Each inhibition concentration is respectively after the detoxification: acetate 4.1g/l; Furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural are 0g/L.Alcohol concn is 39.63g/l in the SSF end secondary fermentation wine with dregs.
Embodiment 3
Low solid content shakes a bottle simultaneous saccharification and fermentation after the maize straw process A.resinae ZN1 detoxification that dilute acid pretreatment obtains: regulate the maize straw pH that diluted acid is handled with sodium hydroxide solution.Cultivate the seed maize straw with embodiment 1 same method.The dilute acid pretreatment lignocellulosic material of water content 60% is put into 250ml and is shaken bottle, inserts the seed stalk, handles 4 days (25 ℃) continuously.In shaking bottle, add pH and be 4.8 citrate buffer solution and an amount of enzyme liquid, make solids content 10%, the enzyme 15FPU/gDM that lives.(50 ℃, 200rpm), sampling HPLC detects wherein inhibition concentration to saccharification 12h, and continue to insert the yeast of tame and ferment that (37 ℃, 150rmp 24h) takes a sample and detects wherein alcohol concn.Under the similarity condition, various inhibition concentration were not respectively when identical maize straw had detoxification: acetate 2.97g/l; Hydroxymethylfurfural 0.92g/l; Furfural 0.65g/l.Through A.resinae ZN1 detoxification 4 days, furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural all were 0g/l; Acetate 0.7g/l; Alcohol concn is increased to 12.5g/l by the 7g/l that does not have detoxification.
Embodiment 4
Dilute acid pretreatment obtain maize straw through A.resinae ZN1 detoxification treatment after highly filled 5L reactor simultaneous saccharification and fermentation: regulate dilute acid pretreatment maize straw pH with sodium hydroxide solution.Cultivate seed with embodiment 1 same method.And the seed maize straw is joined fresh, and regulate in the dilute acid pretreatment maize straw of pH, in 25 ℃ of thermostat containers, handled 6 days.Maize straw after the detoxification, the YPD nutrient salt solution, and a certain amount of enzyme liquid joins in the 5L reactor.Final solids content 30.0%, enzyme 15FPU/gDM alive, and 50 ℃ of temperature are set, and rotating speed 150rpm, saccharification 12h, sampling detects wherein inhibition concentration.Insert the yeast starter (inoculum size 10%) of having tamed.At 37 ℃, 150rpm, pH5.5 condition bottom fermentation 60h, timing sampling detects alcoholic acid and generates situation.Under the similarity condition, do not pass through the maize straw of A.resinae ZN1 detoxification, yeast can't be grown.Wherein various inhibition concentration are respectively: acetate 11.3g/l; Furfural 2.0g/l; Furfural 2.6g/l; Each inhibition concentration is respectively after the detoxification: acetate 4.8g/l; Hydroxymethylfurfural is 1.5g/l; Furfural is 0; The ethanol maximum concentration is 49g/l.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. one kind is carried out the method for biological detoxication to lignocellulose biomass after the pre-treatment, it is characterized in that concrete steps are:
One, the preparation of pretreating raw material
To be crushed to 0.1～20mm by pulverizer, the lignocellulosic material of washing and oven dry is handled 1～15min respectively, 160～240 ℃ of conditions, 0.3～2.0MPa in steam blasting device; Perhaps react 1～15min after the dilute sulphuric acid preimpregnation with concentration 0.5～5%w/w in the dilute acid pretreatment reactor, temperature is 160～240 ℃;
Two, detoxification and fermentation
PDA culture medium inoculated fungi Amorphotheca resinae ZN1,20～30 ℃ of cultivations are linked into after wash-out A.resinae ZN1 spore and the dilution after the pre-treatment in the lignocellulosic material, have cultivated mycelial growth, as first order seed; Will be cultured first order seed be linked into after the pre-treatment in the lignocellulosic material, regulate raw material pH to 4～7, water content 10～90% is positioned over and cultivated 1～7 day under 20～40 ℃ of conditions; Plain enzyme of lignocellulose incoming fiber behind the biological detoxication and ethanol fermentation bacterial classification carry out the synchronous saccharification and the fermentative production of alcohol fuel.
2. a kind of method of lignocellulose biomass after the pre-treatment being carried out biological detoxication as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 1, described raw material is at 160～240 ℃, and the swollen quick-fried pre-treatment of steam obtains under 0.3～2.0MPa condition; In dilute acid concentration 0.5～5%w/w preimpregnation, pretreatment time 1～15min, pretreatment temperature are the lignocellulose biomass that obtains under 160～240 ℃ of conditions.
3. as claimed in claim 1ly a kind of lignocellulose biomass after the pre-treatment is carried out the method for biological detoxication, it is characterized in that in described step 2, virus-free strain is kerosene bacterium A.resinae ZN1.
4. a kind of method of lignocellulose biomass after the pre-treatment being carried out biological detoxication as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 2, described bacterial classification is the ethanol fermentation yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, perhaps can utilize the fermented bacterium of lignocellulose biomass for other.
5. a kind of method of lignocellulose biomass after the pre-treatment being carried out biological detoxication as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 2, when first order seed is cultivated, to be linked into solid-state lignocellulose biomass from the spore suspension of test tube wash-out, solid-state cultivation seed, the time is 1～4 day.
6. a kind of method of lignocellulose biomass after the pre-treatment being carried out biological detoxication as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 2, describedly directly first order seed is connect solid-state mode and is linked into and needs in the preprocessing lignocellulose of the detoxification biomass with solid-state, the time is 1～7 day.
7. a kind of method of lignocellulose biomass after the pre-treatment being carried out biological detoxication as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 2, described first order seed and biological detoxication process, correlation parameter is: raw material pH 4～6, water content 10～90%, 20～40 ℃ of culture temperature.
8. as claimed in claim 1ly a kind of lignocellulose biomass after the pre-treatment is carried out the method for biological detoxication, it is characterized in that the lignocellulose biomass after the detoxification directly enters in synchronous saccharification and the zymotechnique.
9. a kind of method of lignocellulose biomass after the pre-treatment being carried out biological detoxication as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described lignocellulose is selected from one or more mixtures in maize straw, straw, rice straw, cotton stalk, rape stalk, sweet sorghum stalk, bagasse, wood chip, waste paper, switchgrass or the jatropha curcas seed shell.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103103224A (en) * | 2011-11-10 | 2013-05-15 | 华东理工大学 | Method for producing high-concentration lactic acid by lignocellulose at high temperature |
| CN103255185A (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2013-08-21 | 华东理工大学 | Method for producing microbial oil through lignocellulose simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, and for recycling cellulase |
| CN103734559A (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2014-04-23 | 四川大学 | Detoxification method of Jatropha curcas cake by fermentation |
| CN105780565A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-07-20 | 辽宁石油化工大学 | Lignocellulose raw material dilute acid steam explosion pretreatment method |
| CN106811496A (en) * | 2015-11-28 | 2017-06-09 | 华东理工大学 | A kind of method that foam is eliminated in highly filled lignocellulosic synchronous saccharification with fermentation |
| CN107523591A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2017-12-29 | 华东理工大学 | A kind of method of xylose production xylonic in Efficient Conversion cellulosic ethanol distillation wine with dregs |
| CN111269947A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-06-12 | 吉林大学 | Method for detoxifying acid hydrolysis liquid and preparing cellulosic ethanol |
| CN111690587A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2020-09-22 | 华东理工大学 | Method for centrifugally screening grease yeast strains with high oil content and application thereof |
| CN114561317A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-05-31 | 东莞理工学院 | Application method of degrading bacteria for degrading phenols and lignin |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103103224A (en) * | 2011-11-10 | 2013-05-15 | 华东理工大学 | Method for producing high-concentration lactic acid by lignocellulose at high temperature |
| CN103255185A (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2013-08-21 | 华东理工大学 | Method for producing microbial oil through lignocellulose simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, and for recycling cellulase |
| CN103255185B (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2015-04-22 | 华东理工大学 | Method for producing microbial oil through lignocellulose simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, and for recycling cellulase |
| CN103734559A (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2014-04-23 | 四川大学 | Detoxification method of Jatropha curcas cake by fermentation |
| CN106811496A (en) * | 2015-11-28 | 2017-06-09 | 华东理工大学 | A kind of method that foam is eliminated in highly filled lignocellulosic synchronous saccharification with fermentation |
| CN105780565A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-07-20 | 辽宁石油化工大学 | Lignocellulose raw material dilute acid steam explosion pretreatment method |
| CN107523591A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2017-12-29 | 华东理工大学 | A kind of method of xylose production xylonic in Efficient Conversion cellulosic ethanol distillation wine with dregs |
| CN111690587A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2020-09-22 | 华东理工大学 | Method for centrifugally screening grease yeast strains with high oil content and application thereof |
| CN111690587B (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2022-10-25 | 上海凯赛生物技术股份有限公司 | Method for centrifugally screening grease yeast strains with high oil content and application thereof |
| CN111269947A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-06-12 | 吉林大学 | Method for detoxifying acid hydrolysis liquid and preparing cellulosic ethanol |
| CN114561317A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-05-31 | 东莞理工学院 | Application method of degrading bacteria for degrading phenols and lignin |
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