Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of fluorescence chemical sensor and preparation method thereof and application.
Fluorescence chemical sensor provided by the invention, its structural formula is suc as formula shown in (I):
Wherein, R
1for sulphur or oxygen; R
2for sulphonate salt, salt compounded of iodine, fluorophosphate or fluoroborate.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of above-mentioned fluorescence chemical sensor, comprises the steps:
(1) 4 '-(N, N-lutidine base amido) benzene carries out oxidizing reaction and obtains 4 '-(N, N-lutidine base amido) phenyl aldehyde under the effect of oxygenant;
(2) 4 '-(N, N-lutidine base amido) phenyl aldehydes are reacted compound shown in the formula of obtaining (II) with compound shown in formula (III);
(3) compound shown in formula (II) is reacted with the copper ions inorganic salt and is obtained described fluorescence chemical sensor;
In formula (II) and formula (III), R
1for sulphur or oxygen; R
2for sulphonate salt, salt compounded of iodine, fluorophosphate or fluoroborate.
In above-mentioned preparation method, 4 '-(N, N-lutidine base amido) benzene can be reacted and be obtained by chloromethyl pyridine hydrochloride and aniline; In this reaction, using alkali as sodium hydroxide as catalyzer, doubly, optimum quantity is 2.5 times to the 2-5 that wherein molar weight of sodium hydroxide can be chloromethylpyridine.
In above-mentioned preparation method, the oxygenant of the described oxidizing reaction of step (1) can be phosphorus oxychloride.
In above-mentioned preparation method, the temperature of the described oxidizing reaction of step (1) can be 45 ℃-90 ℃, specifically can be 45 ℃, 65 ℃ or 90 ℃; The time of the described oxidizing reaction of step (1) can be 24 hours-72 hours, specifically can be 24 hours, 48 hours or 72 hours.
In above-mentioned preparation method, the molfraction ratio of compound and 4 ' shown in formula (III) described in step (2)-(N, N-lutidine base amido) phenyl aldehyde can be 1: (2-6), and as 1: 3.
In above-mentioned preparation method, the catalyzer of the described reaction of step (2) can be hexahydropyridine, ammonium acetate, salt of wormwood, triethylamine, quadrol, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide; The quality percentage composition that described catalyzer accounts for compound shown in described formula (III) is 1%-3%, as 1% or 3%.
In above-mentioned preparation method, the solvent of the described reaction of step (2) can be dehydrated alcohol, anhydrous methanol or acetone; The temperature of described reaction can be 80 ℃-90 ℃, as 80 ℃ or 90 ℃; The time of described reaction can be 6 hours-24 hours, as 6 hours, 10 hours or 24 hours; The described copper ions inorganic salt of step (3) can be water-soluble inorganic salt, specifically can be cupric nitrate, cupric chloride, neutralized verdigris, copper sulfate or cupric perchlorate; Shown in described formula (II), the mol ratio of compound and copper ions inorganic salt can be 1: 1.
The present invention also provides the application of above-mentioned fluorescence chemical sensor in detecting cryanide ion; In described application, in the buffered soln of HEPES (4-hydroxyethyl piperazine ethanesulfonic acid), with described fluorescence chemical sensor, cryanide ion is detected, the pH of described buffered soln can be 7.20.
The advantage of fluorescence chemical sensor provided by the present invention is: because the complexation constant of cryanide ion and cupric ion is huge, can seize the cupric ion in described fluorescence chemical sensor, the electron donation of described fluorescence chemical sensor is recovered, its fluorescence is remotivated, UV spectrum generation red shift, make described fluorescence chemical sensor not audient's polyanionic disturb cryanide ion carried out to specific recognition.In addition, because fluorescence chemical sensor provided by the invention has good water-solublely as molecule inner salt, so greatly improved its application prospect in practice.In addition, described fluorescence chemical sensor has instant significantly colour-change to the detection of cryanide ion, is with the naked eye only the observable detected result.Therefore described fluorescence chemical sensor can carry out single-minded, efficient, timely, simple detection to cryanide ion in the aqueous solution.
Embodiment
The experimental technique used in following embodiment if no special instructions, is ordinary method.
In following embodiment, material used, reagent etc., if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels.
The preparation of embodiment 1, fluorescence chemical sensor (structural formula is suc as formula shown in (IV))
(1) take 180mg chloromethyl pyridine hydrochloride and 700mg aniline to reaction flask, sodium hydroxide solution is as solvent, add the hexadecyl brometo de amonio as phase-transfer catalyst, be heated to 45 ℃ of stirring reactions 48 hours, dichloromethane extraction, utilize column chromatography (ethyl acetate/petroleum ether=3: 1) to separate and obtain faint yellow 4 '-(N, N-lutidine base amido) benzene sterling.Slowly drip the 1ml phosphorus oxychloride to dry DMF sealed reaction bottle in ice bath, stir 30 minutes under 0 ℃, then add 4 ' of the above-mentioned preparation of 500mg-(N, N-lutidine base amido) benzene, be heated to 45 ℃ and stir 72 hours.System naturally cools to room temperature after completion of the reaction, adds distilled water to stir 30 minutes, and salt of wormwood is regulated pH value to 10, stir 30 minutes, methylene dichloride and water extract respectively 2 times, finally utilize column chromatography for separation to obtain described 4 '-(N, N-lutidine base amido) phenyl aldehyde;
(2) take 300mg 2-methylbenzothiazole and 300mg 1, the 3-sultone is added in reaction flask, trichloromethane is as solvent, being heated to 80 ℃ stirs 48 hours, have precipitation to generate, after reaction stops, naturally cooling to room temperature, filtration washing obtains flaxen 2-methyl-N-n-propyl sulfonate benzothiazole, and (its structural formula is suc as formula shown in (III), wherein, R
1for S, R
2for the n-propyl sulfonic group);
(3) take 150mg 2-methyl-N-n-propyl sulfonate benzothiazole and 500mg 4 '-(N, N-lutidine base amido) phenyl aldehyde (wherein, 2-methyl-N-n-propyl sulfonate benzothiazole and 4 '-(N, N-lutidine base amido) mol ratio of phenyl aldehyde is 1: 3) with reaction flask in, dehydrated alcohol is as solvent, add 3% hexahydropyridine of the quality percentage composition that accounts for 2-methyl-N-n-propyl sulfonate benzothiazole as catalyzer, be heated to 80 ℃ of stirring reactions 10 hours, there is precipitation to generate, reaction stops rear system and naturally cools to room temperature, the suction filtration precipitation, precipitation is used the ether washing, obtain compound shown in formula (V):
1h NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 2.13 (m, 2H), 2.60-2.63 (t, 2H), (4.92-4.96 t, 2H), 5.02 (s, 4H), 6.85 (d, 2H, J=9.2Hz), 7.31 (dd, 1H, J=4.8Hz), 7.33 (dd, 1H, J=5.2Hz), (7.38 d, 2H), 7.69 (t, 1H, J=14.2Hz), 7.78 (dd, 1H, J=5.2Hz), (7.84 dd, 2H, J=18Hz), 7.88 (dd, 2H, J=9.2Hz), 8.04 (d, 2H, J=18Hz), 8.25 (d, 1H), 8.30 (d, 1H), 8.60 (d, 2H, J=4.8Hz), MS (Maldi): m/z 556.7.
(4) compound shown in 56mg formula (V) is reacted in water with the 18.8mg cupric nitrate and is obtained the fluorescence chemical sensor shown in formula (IV).
The UV spectrum test of compound shown in formula (V) to cupric ion: use HEPES (H
2o, 20mmol/l, pH=7.20) buffered soln prepares respectively the Cu (NO of compound solution shown in the formula (V) of 8 μ mol/l and 100mmol/l
3)
2solution.Get compound solution shown in the above-mentioned formula of 2ml (V) in cuvette, in cuvette, drip gradually above-mentioned Cu (NO
3)
2solution, to balance, detects UV spectrum, as shown in Figure 1.As can be known from Fig. 1, UV spectrum absorbs and reduces along with the increase of cupric ion at the 498nm place, but add, with the cupric ion of compound same molar shown in formula (V), changes afterwards no longer obvious; UV spectrum new absorption peak occurs in the absorption at 386nm place along with the increase of cupric ion, but after adding 1 times of cupric ion, changes no longer obvious.
The fluorescence spectrum test of compound shown in formula (V) to cupric ion: use HEPES (H
2o, 20mmol/l, pH=7.20) buffered soln prepares respectively the Cu (NO of compound solution shown in the formula (V) of 8 μ mol/l and 100mmol/l
3)
2solution.Get compound solution shown in the above-mentioned formula of 2ml (V) in cuvette, and drip gradually above-mentioned Cu (NO in cuvette
3)
2solution, to balance, detects fluorescence spectrum, as shown in Figure 2.As can be known from Fig. 2, along with the amount of cupric ion increases fluorescence, reduce gradually, after the cupric ion added with compound same molar shown in formula (V), its fluorescence is by cancellation fully.
The UV spectrum test of fluorescence chemical sensor shown in formula (IV) to cryanide ion: use HEPES (H
2o, 20mmol/l, pH=7.20) buffered soln prepares respectively the Cu (NO of compound solution shown in the formula (V) of 8 μ mol/l and 100mmol/l
3)
2solution, and the cryanide ion solution of 0.5mol/l.Get fluorescence chemical sensor solution shown in the above-mentioned formula of 2ml (IV) in cuvette, and drip above-mentioned Cu (NO in cuvette
3)
2solution, detect UV spectrum; Continue upwards to state the above-mentioned cryanide ion solution of dropping in system after the titration balance and, to balance, detect UV spectrum, as shown in Figure 3.As can be known from Fig. 3, UV spectrum strengthens along with the increase of cryanide ion at 498nm place absorption peak, but add, with the cryanide ion of 2 times of molar weight Cu ions, changes afterwards no longer obvious; Absorption at the 386nm place reduces along with the increase of cryanide ion, but add, with the cryanide ion of 2 times of molar weights of Cu ion, changes afterwards no longer obvious.
The fluorescence spectrum test of fluorescence chemical sensor shown in formula (IV) to cryanide ion: use HEPES (H
2o, 20mmol/l, pH=7.20) buffered soln prepares respectively the Cu (NO of compound solution shown in the formula (V) of 8 μ mol/l and 100mmol/l
3)
2solution, and the cryanide ion solution of 0.5mol/l.Get fluorescence chemical sensor solution shown in the above-mentioned formula of 2ml (IV) in cuvette, and drip Cu (NO in cuvette
3)
2solution, detect fluorescence spectrum, after the titration balance, continues upwards to state in system to drip above-mentioned cryanide ion solution to balance, detects fluorescence spectrum, as shown in Figure 4.As shown in Figure 4, along with the amount of cryanide ion increases fluorescence, strengthen gradually, after the cryanide ion added with 2 times of molar weights of Cu ion, its fluorescence strengthens no longer obvious.
The UV spectrum test of fluorescence chemical sensor shown in formula (IV) to interfering ion: use HEPES (H
2o, 20mmol/l, pH=7.20) buffered soln prepares respectively compound solution shown in the formula (V) of 8 μ mol/l, the Cu (NO of 100mmol/l
3)
2solution, the cryanide ion solution of 0.5mol/l, and 0.15mol/l contains respectively F
-, Cr
2o
7 2-, PO
4 2-, BO
3 2-, Cl
-, Ac
-, S
2-, MnO
4-, S
2o
8 2-, OH
-, SO
4 2-, CO
3 2-, I
-etc. various solions.Get fluorescence chemical sensor solution shown in the above-mentioned formula of 2ml (IV) in cuvette, in cuvette, drip Cu (NO
3)
2solution, detect UV spectrum.Drip respectively 100 times in the backward above-mentioned system of titration balance to the above-mentioned interfering ion solution of cupric ion molar equivalent, detect UV spectrum.Drip cryanide ion solution to above-mentioned system again after the titration balance, the test UV spectrum, as shown in Figure 5.As shown in Figure 5, the disposable interfering ion that adds 75 times of amounts, comprise F
-, Cl
-, I
-, Ac
-, SO
4 2-, S
2o
8 2-, PO
4 -, S
2-, OH
-, CO
3 2-, BO
3 -deng, on the almost not impact of its UV spectrum; Add cryanide ion after balance, UV spectrum strengthens along with the increase of cryanide ion at 498nm place absorption peak again, but add, with the cryanide ion of 2 times of molar weight Cu ions, changes afterwards no longer obvious; Absorption at the 386nm place reduces along with the increase of cryanide ion, but add, with the cryanide ion of 2 times of molar weights of Cu ion, changes afterwards no longer obvious.
The fluorescence spectrum test of fluorescence chemical sensor shown in formula (IV) to interfering ion: use HEPES (H
2o, 20mmol/l, pH=7.20) buffered soln prepares respectively compound solution shown in the formula (V) of 8 μ mol/l, the Cu (NO of 100mmol/l
3)
2solution, the cryanide ion solution of 0.5mol/l, and 0.15mol/l contains respectively F
-, Cr
2o
7 2-, PO
4 2-, BO
3 2-, Cl
-, Ac
-, S
2-, MnO
4-, S
2o
8 2-, OH
-, SO
4 2-, CO
3 2-, the various interfering ion solution such as I-.Get compound solution shown in the above-mentioned formula of 2ml (V) in cuvette, in cuvette, drip above-mentioned Cu (NO
3)
2solution, detect fluorescence spectrum.Drip respectively 100 times in the backward above-mentioned system of titration balance to the above-mentioned interfering ion solution of cupric ion molar equivalent, detect fluorescence spectrum.Drip cryanide ion solution to above-mentioned system again after the titration balance, the test fluorescence spectrum, as shown in Figure 6.As shown in Figure 6, the disposable interfering ion that adds 75 times of amounts, comprise F
-, Cl
-, I
-, Ac
-, SO
4 2-, S
2o
8 2-, PO
4 -, S
2-, OH
-, CO
3 2-, BO
3 -deng, on the almost not impact of its fluorescence spectrum, add again cryanide ion after balance, along with increasing fluorescence, the amount of cryanide ion strengthens gradually, and after the cryanide ion added with 2 times of molar weights of Cu ion, its fluorescence strengthens no longer obvious.
Fluorescence chemical sensor shown in formula (IV) is to optionally fluorescence spectrum test of cryanide ion: use HEPES (H2O, 20mmol/l, pH=7.20) buffered soln prepares respectively the Cu (NO of compound solution shown in the formula (V) of 8 μ mol/l and 100mmol/l
3)
2solution, and 0.15mol/l contains respectively F
-, Cr
2o
7 2-, PO
4 2-, BO
3 2-, Cl
-, Ac
-, S
2-, MnO
4 -, S
2o
8 2-, OH
-, SO
4 2-, CO
3 2-, the various solions such as I-.Get compound solution shown in the above-mentioned formula of 2ml (V) in cuvette, in cuvette, drip Cu (NO
3)
2solution, detect fluorescence spectrum after the titration balance, then to the disposable above-mentioned various interfering ion solution that add 100 times of cupric ion molar equivalents in cuvette, detect fluorescence spectrum, after balance, continue to drip cryanide ion solution to balance in cuvette, the test fluorescence spectrum, as shown in Figure 7.As shown in Figure 7,11 kinds of negatively charged ion comprise F
-, Cl
-, I
-, Ac
-, SO
4 2-, S
2o
8 2-, PO
4 -, S
2-, OH
-, CO
3 2-, BO
3 -deng, only have cryanide ion to make the fluorescence of system significantly strengthen.
The preparation of embodiment 2, fluorescence chemical sensor (structural formula is suc as formula shown in (VI))
Identical with in embodiment 1 of the preparation method of (1) 4 '-(N, N-lutidine base amido) phenyl aldehyde, wherein, the temperature of oxidizing reaction is 90 ℃, the time of oxidizing reaction is 24 hours.
(2) take 300mg 2-methylbenzothiazole and the 300mg methyl iodide is added in reaction flask, trichloromethane is as solvent, being heated to 80 ℃ stirs 48 hours, there is precipitation to generate, after stopping, reaction naturally cools to room temperature, filtration washing obtain flaxen 2-methyl-N-methylbenzothiazole salt compounded of iodine (its structural formula is suc as formula shown in (III), wherein, R
1for S, R
2for methyl);
(3) take 150mg 2-methyl-N-methylbenzothiazole salt compounded of iodine and 500mg 4 '-(N, N-lutidine base amido) phenyl aldehyde (wherein, 2-methyl-N-methylbenzothiazole salt compounded of iodine and 4 '-(N, N-lutidine base amido) mol ratio of phenyl aldehyde is 1: 3) with reaction flask in, anhydrous methanol is as solvent, add 1% hexahydropyridine of the quality percentage composition that accounts for 2-methyl-N-n-propyl sulfonate benzothiazole as catalyzer, be heated to 90 ℃ of stirring reactions 6 hours, there is precipitation to generate, reaction stops rear system and naturally cools to room temperature, the suction filtration precipitation, precipitation is used the ether washing, obtain compound shown in formula (VII).
(4) compound shown in 56mg formula (VII) is reacted in water with the 18.8mg cupric nitrate and is obtained the fluorescence chemical sensor shown in formula (VI).
The preparation of embodiment 3, fluorescence chemical sensor (structural formula is suc as formula shown in (VIII))
Identical with in embodiment 1 of the preparation method of (1) 4 '-(N, N-lutidine base amido) phenyl aldehyde, wherein, the temperature of oxidizing reaction is 65 ℃, the time of oxidizing reaction is 48 hours.
(2) identical with in embodiment 2 of 2-methyl-N-methylbenzothiazole salt compounded of iodine method.
(3) trans 2-[4 '-(N, N-lutidine base amido) vinylbenzene]-identical as in embodiment 2 of the preparation method of N-ylmethyl benzothiazole salt compounded of iodine.
(4) take 20 times of corresponding sodium tetrafluoroborates of equivalent of product reflux in water and ethanolic soln in (3) and within 24 hours, obtain the compound shown in formula (IX).
(5) compound shown in 54mg formula (VI) is reacted in water with the 18.8mg cupric nitrate and is obtained the fluorescence chemical sensor shown in formula (VIII).
The preparation of embodiment 4, fluorescence chemical sensor (structural formula is suc as formula shown in (X))
Identical with in embodiment 1 of the preparation method of (1) 4 '-(N, N-lutidine base amido) phenyl aldehyde.
(2) identical with in embodiment 2 of 2-methyl-N-methylbenzothiazole salt compounded of iodine method.
(3) trans 2-[4 '-(N, N-lutidine base amido) vinylbenzene]-identical as in embodiment 2 of the preparation method of N-ylmethyl benzothiazole salt compounded of iodine.
(4) take 20 times of corresponding Potassium Hexafluorophosphates of equivalent of product reflux in water and ethanolic soln in (3) and within 24 hours, obtain the compound shown in formula (XI).
(5) compound shown in 60mg formula (XI) is reacted in water with the 18.8mg cupric nitrate and is obtained the fluorescence chemical sensor shown in formula (X).