CN102184730B - Feed-forward active noise barrier - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a feed-forward active noise barrier, which comprises a passive noise barrier and a single-channel feed-forward active control system array. Each single-channel feed-forward active control system forming the array comprises a reference microphone, an error microphone, a secondary sound source and a single-channel controller. The secondary sound sources are arranged on the top of the passive noise barrier. The reference microphones are positioned on one side of a noise source and close to the top of the barrier. The error microphone is positioned on one side of an observation point and close to the top of the barrier. The controller of each single-channel feed-forward active control system is used for controlling the output of the corresponding secondary sound source so as to minimize a square value of sound pressure amplitude at the position of the corresponding error microphone, and adopts a feed-forward single-channel adaptive control algorithm. Each single-channel control system is compact, has low cost and is easy to implement. The problems of high implementing difficulty and high cost when a multi-channel control system is used are solved. Compared with the conventional feedback active noise barrier, the feed-forward active noise barrier has high system stability and a good control effect and does not have a water bed effect due to the adoption of the feed-forward control systems.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of noise barrier, relate in particular to a kind of active acoustic shielding.
Two, background technology
Along with economic growth and social progress, highway communication, track traffic scale increase day by day, and the traffic noise problem is also outstanding day by day.For eliminating traffic noise, protect the people of highway, track both sides, be employed in the way of highway, track both sides construction noise barrier usually.Traditional sound barrier is that passive sound barrier uses sound insulating material to build, and principle is for intercepting the direct sound wave of noise, the mistake because low-frequency noise is prone to from barrier top diffraction, so it is very poor in the low-frequency range noise reduction.The Active noise control using technology is eliminated noise through the principle of " eliminating the noise with sound ", and is effective aspect the low frequency noise reduction, is easy to realize, uses very wide.Can Active noise control using technology be combined with passive sound barrier, the composition active acoustic shielding remedies the shortcoming of passive sound barrier low frequency noise reduction difference through active control section, with the whole anti-acoustic capability of lifting sound barrier.
The patent relevant with active acoustic shielding has active soft boundary acoustic shielding (ZL 200610040518.3) and sound intensity active acoustic shielding (ZL200610040517.9) etc.; The former advance is to optimize error pick-up and lays mode; Obtain better controlling effect than common active soft boundary acoustic shielding; The latter's advance is that error pick-up has adopted sound intensity sensor such as Mike to flow, and optimised cost function is an error pick-up place sound intensity absolute value sum, with sound pressure sensor as error pick-up; Optimised cost function is that the active acoustic shielding of error pick-up place acoustic pressure square sum is compared, and can obtain better to control effect.The multi-channel active control system has all been adopted in above-mentioned two patents and some similar scientific researches, and in practical application the length of sound barrier all more than tens of rice; The control channel of active guidance system need reach up to a hundred; Just can obtain noise reduction preferably, for Multi Channel Controller, along with the increase of port number; Operand will be the geometric series form to be increased, and realizes that difficulty is very big and cost is very high.
Be head it off; The dcs that can use single channel active guidance system array to constitute combines with passive sound barrier; Promptly this control system is made up of a plurality of single channel active guidance systems, and each single channel active guidance system physics is independent, algorithm is independent.There is the scholar that this method has been carried out Primary Study; Point out that the control system that they use promptly is made up of single channel active guidance system array in the academic report like the last Japanese scholar of international acoustics conference (ICA2004) in 2004 in active acoustic shielding; They have used the core of feedback controller as its single channel control system; Each single channel feedback controller is near with the distance of control sound source with the error pick-up that will be connected, and usually is integrated in the barrier top, and this feedback structure is compact; Cost is low, is prone to realize.Yet feedback controller has two shortcomings: (1) error microphone must just can make system stability near secondary sound source, and it is limited therefore to control effect; (2) have water bed effect, promptly must cause the enhancing of other frequency range noise in the noise attentuation of some frequency range, this has also influenced its control effect.Therefore, use its active part control effect of active acoustic shielding of feedback control system to receive respective limits and not good.
In sum, use the active acoustic shielding cost of Multi Channel Controller too high, realize that difficulty is very big, only be used for scientific research and infrastest; Use the active acoustic shielding of single channel reaction type controller array, compact conformation, cost is low, but unstable, and effect is limited.Can use single channel feedforward active controller array to combine, form the feed forward type active acoustic shielding with passive barrier.Feedforward controller is compared with feedback controller, controls effectively, and good stability does not have water bed effect.The single channel feedforward controller has practical application in the better simply occasions of sound field such as pipeline Active Noise Control and transformer Active Noise Control, but the application in active acoustic shielding does not have correlative study at present.Particularly; How each element of single channel feedforward controller array is arranged on passive barrier; Like the spacing of secondary sound source, with reference to the position of microphone and the position of error microphone etc.; Active part could effectively be worked and obtained and control effect preferably, all do not have pertinent literature open, and these concrete system design details is gordian techniquies that can the decision active acoustic shielding effectively work and obtain superperformance.
Three, summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of feed forward type active acoustic shielding, its active controller is a single channel feedforward controller array, compares with the active acoustic shielding that uses Multi Channel Controller; Its cost is low, is prone to realize compact conformation; Compare with the reaction type active acoustic shielding; It is effective, and control system is stable, and does not have water bed effect.
According to the present invention; A kind of feed forward type active acoustic shielding is provided; It comprises passive sound barrier and single channel feedforward active guidance system array, and each single channel feedforward active guidance system of forming array comprises one with reference to microphone, an error microphone, a secondary sound source and a single channel control unit.With reference to microphone is single directional microphone, is positioned at noise source one side and near the barrier top, points to noise source one side, and the reference signal of the sound generating that the reception noise source is sent passes to corresponding controller.Error microphone is positioned at observation station one side and near the barrier top, the error signal of the combination results of the sound that sound that the reception noise source is sent and secondary sound source send passes to corresponding controller.Secondary sound source is installed in the top of passive sound barrier, receives the noise elimination signal that corresponding controller transmits, and sends the sound corresponding with the signal of eliminating the noise.Controller produces the noise elimination signal according to reference signal and error signal, makes the sound pressure amplitude square minimum at its corresponding error microphone place.
The secondary sound source of all single channels feedforward active guidance systems is along the installation that evenly distributes of passive sound barrier, and spacing is d
Cc, d
CcMust come highest frequency corresponding wavelength half the of the effective noise frequency range of control less than desire with active guidance system.
The position of the error microphone of each single channel feedforward active guidance system is corresponding with the position of secondary sound source; The line of the two acoustic centre of source is perpendicular to the projection of passive sound barrier at surface level, and the error microphone of all single channels feedforward active guidance systems secondary sound source corresponding with it is apart from d
CeEquate.
The position of the reference microphone of each single channel feedforward active guidance system is corresponding with the position of secondary sound source; The line of the two acoustic centre of source is perpendicular to the projection of passive sound barrier at surface level, and the reference microphone of all single channels feedforward active guidance systems secondary sound source corresponding with it is apart from d
RcEquate, need make [d with reference to the position of microphone
Ne-(d
Nr+ d
Ce)]/c＞t
0Inequality satisfy, to guarantee the causality of active guidance system, wherein c is the airborne velocity of sound, t
0Be circuit and the algorithm time delay that active guidance system exists, d
NrFor noise source arrives the air line distance with reference to microphone, d
NeBe the air line distance of noise source to error microphone.
The position of the controller of each single channel feedforward active guidance system is corresponding with the position of secondary sound source, is installed near this secondary sound source.The controller of each single channel feedforward active guidance system adopts feedforward single channel adaptive control algorithm.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the active guidance system of (1) active acoustic shielding adopts single channel active guidance system array, and each single channel control system is compact, and cost is low, is prone to realize, avoids the use of the problem that multi-channel control system realizes that difficulty is big and cost is high; (2) the present invention compares with existing reaction type active acoustic shielding, and system stability is good, controls effectively, and does not have water bed effect (promptly must cause the enhancing of other frequency range noise in the noise attentuation of some frequency range).
Four, description of drawings
Understand and embodiment of the present invention for convenient, can illustrate and describe exemplary preferred embodiment, wherein:
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention (side view);
Fig. 2 is structural representation of the present invention (vertical view);
Fig. 3 single channel feedforward active guidance system principle schematic;
Fig. 4 is the noise control design sketch of the embodiment of the invention.
Five, embodiment
Through instance the present invention is elaborated below.
Like Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2, the feed forward type active acoustic shielding comprises passive sound barrier 1 and single channel feedforward active guidance system array 2, and array is made up of a plurality of single channel feedforward active guidance systems 3.Each single channel feedforward active guidance system 3 is by forming with reference to microphone 6, error microphone 7, secondary sound source 8 and single channel control unit 9.In the present embodiment, be electret microphone with reference to microphone 6 with error microphone 7, secondary sound source 8 is a loudspeaker.
Single channel feedforward active guidance system array 2 is installed in passive sound barrier 1 top, in the present embodiment, highly is being h
bPassive sound barrier body 4 tops horizontal stand 5 is installed, secondary sound source 8 evenly distributes on horizontal stand 5 and installs, spacing is d
CcAmong Fig. 1 arrow represent to have between parts connecting line and electric signal streams to, omitted connecting line and horizontal stand 5 among Fig. 2.
The position of the reference microphone 6 of each single channel feedforward active guidance system 3 is corresponding with the position of secondary sound source 8; The line of the two acoustic centre of source is perpendicular to the projection of passive sound barrier 1 at surface level, is positioned at noise source 11 1 sides and near the barrier top with reference to microphone 6.Secondary sound source 8 distances that the reference microphone 6 of all single channel feedforward active guidance systems is corresponding with it equate, are d
RcIn the present embodiment, identical with secondary sound source 8 setting height(from bottom)s with reference to microphone 6.Because corresponding one by one with secondary sound source 8, so also be d with reference to the spacing of microphone 6 with reference to microphone 6
Cc
The position of the error microphone 7 of each single channel feedforward active guidance system 3 is corresponding with the position of secondary sound source 8; The line of the two acoustic centre of source is perpendicular to the projection of passive sound barrier 1 at surface level, and error microphone 7 is positioned at observation station 10 1 sides and near the barrier top.The error microphone 7 of all single channel feedforward active guidance systems secondary sound source 8 distances corresponding with it equate, are d
CeIn the present embodiment, error microphone 7 is identical with secondary sound source 8 setting height(from bottom)s.Because error microphone 7 is corresponding one by one with secondary sound source 8, so the spacing of error microphone 7 also is d
Cc
The position of the controller 9 of each single channel feedforward active guidance system 3 is corresponding with the position of secondary sound source 8, is installed near this secondary sound source 8.In the present embodiment, controller 9 is close to corresponding secondary sound source 8, is installed on the horizontal stand 5.
Adopt single directional microphone with reference to microphone 6, can reduce be reflected in the interference with reference to microphone 6 places of barriers noise.
The controller 9 of each single channel feedforward active guidance system 3 is used to control the output of its corresponding secondary sound source 8, so that the sound pressure amplitude square minimum at its corresponding error microphone 7 places.As shown in Figure 3, the acoustic pressure p at error microphone 7 places
eComprise two parts, the one, the acoustic pressure p that noise source 11 produces
Ne, the 2nd, the acoustic pressure p that secondary sound source 8 produces
Ce, p
Ce=p
Nr.G
Rc.Z
Ce, p wherein
NrBe acoustic pressure,, therefore can think only to comprise the acoustic pressure of noise source 11 in this generation, G owing to being unidirectional microphines with reference to microphone 6 with reference to loudspeaker 6 places
RcFor arrive the transport function of secondary sound source 8 input electrical signals, Z with reference to the acoustic pressure of microphone 6
CeArrive the transport function of the acoustic pressure of error microphone 7 for the input electrical signal of secondary sound source 8.Get p
eMagnitude squared is minimum, as far as single channel system, i.e. and p
eBe 0, by
p
e＝p
ne+p
ce＝p
ne+p
nr.G
rc.Z
ce＝0 (1)
Can get
G
rc＝-p
ne/(p
nr.Z
ce) (2)
Transport function Z
CeRecord p before use through the off-line modeling mode
NeRecord p by error microphone 7
NrBy recording, calculate G by formula (2) with reference to microphone 6
RcValue, and calculate (p
Nr.G
Rc) to drive secondary sound source 8, make error microphone 7 place's sound pressure amplitude square minimums.
The controller 9 of each single channel feedforward active guidance system 3 adopts feedforward single channel adaptive control algorithm, and present embodiment uses all has the feedforward of detailed argumentation single channel adaptive control algorithm on the present textbook.
The cloth of active guidance system is placed with and explicitly calls for, below explanation item by item.
For obtaining noise reduction preferably, d
CcMust control the half the of noise highest frequency corresponding wavelength less than desire, be f like the highest controlled frequency
H, d then
Cc＜c/f
H/ 2, wherein c is the velocity of sound.
Compactness is more practical more the closer to secondary sound source 8 systems with reference to microphone 6, i.e. d
RcShould be as much as possible little, but the necessary causality of considering active guidance system.If noise source 11 is d to the distance with reference to microphone 6
Nr, noise source 11 is d to the distance of error microphone 7
Ne,, must make d for guaranteeing the basic causality of active guidance system
Ne＞d
Nr+ d
CeConsider that control system exists circuit and algorithm time delay t
0, then must make [d
Ne-(d
Nr+ d
Ce)]/c＞t
0, wherein c is the velocity of sound.Satisfying under the situation of above-mentioned condition, making with reference to microphone 6 as far as possible near secondary sound source 8.
Generally confirm d successively
Cc, d
CeAnd d
Rc
The parameter of weighing performance of the present invention is NR, i.e. the ratio of observation station 10 acoustic pressure square in the control front and back Be Controlled zone in
NR＝10log
10[|p
n(r
i)
2|/|p
t(r
i)
2|] (3)
R wherein
iBe the position of observation station coordinate, the Be Controlled zone is the far field of sound barrier, p
nWith p
tBe respectively the acoustic pressure at control anteroposterior view measuring point place.
In the present embodiment, passive barrier is the rectangle perpendicular to ground, height h
b=1.8 meters, length L
b=8 meters, secondary sound source spacing d
Cc=0.33 meter (promptly in theory 516Hz being had noise reduction preferably with the noise of lower frequency), then port number N=8/0.33=24, error microphone and secondary sound source are apart from d
Ce=0.2 meter, with reference to microphone and secondary sound source apart from d
Rc=0.4 meter.Noise source places on the level ground, apart from barrier L
s=4 meters, observation station is apart from barrier L
m=4 meters, height h
m=1.6 meters, noise source 11 belongs to perpendiculars perpendicular to barrier with observation station 10, and through the barrier axis.
Use a high-power audio amplifier as noise source, test signal is selected simple signal and the traffic noise signal of recording respectively for use.At the noise source signal is under the situation of 150Hz simple signal, and the newly-increased noise reduction NR that records active guidance system in observation station is 13dB.Be under the situation of the traffic noise signal recorded at the noise source signal; The newly-increased noise reduction that records is as shown in Figure 4; In the 200Hz-800Hz frequency range; Active guidance system has the newly-increased noise reduction of 1.6dB-5.2dB respectively in each third-octave, and the always newly-increased about 3dB of noise reduction NR does not have water bed effect at high frequency.
Preceding detailed description only provides preferred embodiment, and scope of the present invention, usability or structure are not produced any restriction.The front detailed description of the preferred embodiment is just in order to enable those skilled in the art to realize the preferred embodiments of the present invention.Should be appreciated that under the prerequisite that does not depart from aim of the present invention that accompanying claims limits and scope, can on the function of each ingredient of the present invention and layout, carry out various changes.
Claims (6)
1. feed forward type active acoustic shielding is characterized in that:
Comprise passive sound barrier (1) and single channel feedforward active guidance system array (2);
Each single channel feedforward active guidance system (3) of single channel feedforward active guidance system array (2) comprising: with reference to microphone (6), error microphone (7), secondary sound source (8) and controller (9);
With reference to microphone (6) is single directional microphone, is positioned at noise source one side and near the barrier top, points to noise source one side, and the reference signal of the sound generating that the reception noise source is sent passes to corresponding controller (9);
Error microphone (7) is positioned at observation station one side and near the barrier top, the error signal of the combination results of the sound that sound that the reception noise source is sent and secondary sound source (8) send passes to corresponding controller (9);
Secondary sound source (8) is installed in the top of passive sound barrier (1), receives the noise elimination signal that corresponding controller (9) transmits, and sends the sound corresponding with the signal of eliminating the noise;
Controller (9) produces noise elimination signal, the sound pressure amplitude square minimum that its corresponding error microphone (7) is located according to reference signal and error signal.
2. feed forward type active acoustic shielding as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the secondary sound source (8) of all single channel feedforward active guidance systems (3) is evenly to distribute along passive sound barrier (1) to install, and spacing is d
Cc, d
CcCome highest frequency corresponding wavelength half the of the effective noise frequency range of control with active guidance system less than desire.
3. feed forward type active acoustic shielding as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: the position of the error microphone (7) of each single channel feedforward active guidance system (3) is corresponding with the position of secondary sound source (8); The line of the two acoustic centre of source is perpendicular to the projection of passive sound barrier (1) at surface level, and the error microphone (7) of all single channels feedforward active guidance systems (3) secondary sound source (8) corresponding with it is apart from d
CeEquate.
4. feed forward type active acoustic shielding as claimed in claim 3; It is characterized in that: the position of the reference microphone (6) of each single channel feedforward active guidance system (3) is corresponding with the position of secondary sound source (8); The line of the two acoustic centre of source is perpendicular to the projection of passive sound barrier (1) at surface level, and the reference microphone (6) of all single channels feedforward active guidance systems (3) secondary sound source (8) corresponding with it is apart from d
RcEquate;
Position with reference to microphone (6) need make [d
Ne-(d
Nr+ d
Ce)]/c＞t
0Inequality satisfy, to guarantee the causality of active guidance system, wherein c is the airborne velocity of sound, t
0Be circuit and the algorithm time delay that active guidance system exists, d
NrFor noise source arrives the air line distance with reference to microphone (6), d
NeBe the air line distance of noise source to error microphone (7).
5. feed forward type active acoustic shielding as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the position of the controller (9) of each single channel feedforward active guidance system (3) is corresponding with the position of secondary sound source (8), is installed near this secondary sound source.
6. feed forward type active acoustic shielding as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the controller (9) of each single channel feedforward active guidance system (3) adopts feedforward single channel adaptive control algorithm.
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| CN104918173B (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2018-02-27 | 安徽师范大学 | A kind of directive property secondary sound source design method applied to active acoustic shielding |
| CN104881537A (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2015-09-02 | 中山大学 | Simulating modeling method and system for virtual sound barrier system based on home environment |
| CN105551767A (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2016-05-04 | 江苏方天电力技术有限公司 | Ventilating and noise-reducing apparatus for indoor transformer |
| CN106251855B (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2019-09-27 | 南京大学 | A kind of de-centralized virtual sound screen of for transformer noise reduction |
| CN106639013B (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2019-09-27 | 南京大学 | Mix sound-proof wall |
| CN107767855B (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2021-12-17 | 南京大学 | Active broadband sound insulation device for wall ventilation |
| CN109138591A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2019-01-04 | 国网山西省电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of transformer noise reduction barrier noise at the boundary processing system |
| CN108915546B (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2023-09-08 | 吉林大学 | Active and passive combined noise reduction glass plate and active noise reduction method thereof |
| CN110010118B (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2021-03-09 | 中国船舶科学研究中心（中国船舶重工集团公司第七0二研究所） | Noise active control system integrated in road lighting system |
| CN110838303B (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2022-02-08 | 南京大学 | Voice sound source positioning method using microphone array |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20120815 |