CN102184539B - Image-processing-technology-based plane footprint detection and analysis system and method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an image-processing-technology-based plane footprint detection and analysis system and a method thereof. The system comprises an image processing subsystem used for extracting the footprint depth information of a source plane footprint image, and generating a target plane footprint image which carries the depth information. In such a way, by means of a computer system, the depth information in a restored plane footprint image is further analyzed to show a stress pressure, an abrasive surface, foot rising and falling and the like, reflecting the gait feature and the figure feature of a person, of a footprint; and specific indexes, such as the sex, the stature, the posture, the age, the step gait and the like, of a suspect are obtained by combining the footprint left on-site for performing contrastive analysis, and detecting aided with the functions such as butting, splicing, overlapping, gridding, measuring, feature marking and the like; therefore, the aims of reducing a screening object range and determining the identity of the suspect are fulfilled.

Description

Plane Footprint based on image processing techniques detects analytic system and method thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to the trace detection field of technique of criminal investigation, relate in particular to a kind of Plane Footprint based on image processing techniques and detect analytic system and method thereof.

Background technology

Footprint is that maximum vestige clues is left in the scene of a crime, cities and towns, also is one of common material evidence in spot.Although the discovery rate of footprint is high, exist utilization factor low, be difficult to the directly problem for solving a case and offering help.

The method that existing extraction footprint assistance is solved a case generally includes the gypsum mould method or utilizes the LASER Light Source irradiation to extract tridimensional footprint method etc.Wherein, the tridimensional footprint that the gypsum mould method collects can only carry out hand dipping and empirical analysis usually in check is identified, therefore, exists examination of footprint to identify and is difficult to guarantee quantification and the scientific defective that waits requirement.And Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation extracts the method for tridimensional footprint, although can realize on-site tridimensional footprint information is carried out the application of digital collection and measurement, but need to be by professional equipment, such as CCD camera, stepper motor, optical projection device (containing LASER Light Source) etc. when gathering.Hereat, a lot of criminal investigation units are limit by condition, the footprint great majority that extract in the scene of a crime all are the photograph/image of plane (two dimension), especially to being kept in one's early years the spot plane footprint photograph/image in the clear up a criminal case archives folder not yet, owing to can't directly from the photograph/image of above-mentioned plane, obtain the depth information of footprint, more can't judge the darkest zone of footprint and weight zone, so that very limited to the detection role of case as those plane photos of the spot firsthand information.Can't accomplish as the tridimensional footprint image that Advanced Modes such as utilizing laser scanning obtains, directly to utilize.

Therefore, study a kind of can the detection the Plane Footprint image and analyze the new technology of solving a case to assist, meaning is very great.

Summary of the invention

In view of this, fundamental purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Plane Footprint based on image processing techniques to detect analytic system and method thereof, should can process the Plane Footprint image by this system, therefrom restore the depth information in the described Plane Footprint image, with the weight face that shows footprint, wear surface, work reflection people's such as stopping over gait feature and image characteristics, realize that accurate 3 D stereo footprint image carries out the effect of quantitative test.

Another object of the present invention is by providing a kind of Plane Footprint based on image processing techniques to detect analytic system and method thereof, to the described Plane Footprint image that has obtained depth information, be analyzed in conjunction with the on-the-spot footprint of leaving over, and be aided with the functions such as docking, splicing, overlapping, grid, measurement, character picture and test, further obtain suspect's the specific targets such as sex, height, figure, age, paces attitude.

For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that

A kind of Plane Footprint based on image processing techniques detects analytic system, comprise source Plane Footprint image, also comprise image processing subsystem, be used for described source Plane Footprint image is extracted depth information, and generate the objective plane footprint image that carries depth information.

Wherein, described Plane Footprint detects analytic system and further comprises the auxiliary process subsystem, be used for assisting described image processing subsystem that the source Plane Footprint image of processing procedure is carried out the amalgamation of Plane Footprint image, then generate the objective plane footprint image, and can be analyzed this objective plane footprint image, further manifest weight face, wear surface, gait feature and the image characteristics of stopping over of footprint.

Wherein, described image processing subsystem further comprises 64 central point conversion CEC64 processing modules, every view data intermediate value PEDM processing module, F1 mathematical image model M ATPIC-F1 processing module and E1-pixel center point conversion PIXCC-E1 processing module; Wherein,

Described CEC64 processing module is used for described source Plane Footprint image is processed into two-value data, finds the edge of footprint, determines the information of foot print position, size;

Described PEDM processing module, view data after being used for processing through described CEC64 is carried out convolution algorithm, make it generate 64 parts of two-dimensional image datas, thereby from the view data in footprint zone, obtain 64 grades of gradation datas, and every grade gradation data is stored in the database with the dot matrix arrangement mode;

Described MATPIC-F1 processing module, be used for described 64 parts of two-dimensional image datas are carried out further deconsolidation process by matrix algorithms to source Plane Footprint image, generate treated two-dimensional image data, then every DBMS is further processed, calculate and overlap and repeat maximum dot matrix zones, and from described 64 grades of gradation datas, on average overlapped and repeat maximum zones, further determine the weight face of footprint and the data of footprint surface of contact; And

Described PIXCC-E1 processing module, being used for using the PIXCC-E1 pixel data to carry out amalgamation by the average data that overlap the zone that described MATPIC-F1 processing module obtains processes, after 64 grades of gradation datas that obtain are carried out disposable covering amalgamation, generate the objective plane footprint image.

Wherein, described PIXCC-E1 processing module adopts Kalman filtering algorithm that 64 grades of gradation datas that obtain are carried out amalgamation, with clutter and the noise in the view data of the objective plane footprint image of eliminating final generation.

Wherein, described source Plane Footprint image need convert first the BMP bitmap format to before described image processing subsystem is processed.

Wherein, described objective plane footprint image is the BMP bitmap format.

A kind of Plane Footprint determination method based on image processing techniques, the method comprises the steps:

A, open source Plane Footprint image file, it is loaded on Plane Footprint detects analytic system;

B, utilize the CEC64 processing module that described source Plane Footprint image file is processed into two-value data, find the edge of footprint, determine the information of foot print position, size;

C, then utilize the PEDM processing module that the view data after processing through described CEC64 processing module is carried out convolution algorithm, make it generate 64 parts of two-dimensional image datas, thereby from the view data in footprint zone, obtain 64 grades of gradation datas, and every grade gradation data is stored in the database with the dot matrix arrangement mode;

D, recycling MATPIC-F1 processing module, described 64 parts of two-dimensional image datas are carried out further deconsolidation process by matrix algorithms to source Plane Footprint image, generate treated two-dimensional image data, then every DBMS is further processed, calculate and overlap and repeat maximum dot matrix zones, and from described 64 grades of gradation datas, on average overlapped and repeat maximum zones, with the weight face of definite footprint and the data of footprint surface of contact; And

E, last, utilize the PIXCC-E1 processing module, to use the PIXCC-E1 pixel data to carry out amalgamation by the average data that overlap the zone that described MATPIC-F1 processing module obtains processes, after 64 grades of gradation datas that recycling obtains carry out disposable covering amalgamation, generate the objective plane footprint image.

Wherein, the described source of steps A Plane Footprint image before being loaded on described Plane Footprint detection analytic system, if this image file is extended formatting, must convert first the BMP bitmap format to.

Preferably, before described step B, further comprise:

Source Plane Footprint image to described BMP bitmap format carries out color identification, if its background color is of light color than footprint, then need carry out negative process, is converted into the footprint part than the light-colored feature of image background; Perhaps, described image transitions is become the footprint image part feature darker than background color.

Preferably, after the source Plane Footprint image to described BMP bitmap format carries out the color identifying processing, further comprise described source Plane Footprint image is carried out pretreated step: difference set variable k and setting pretreatment deep level n, then carry out the image processing of step B～step e to above-mentioned source Plane Footprint image; Wherein, N=1,2 or 3.

Preferably, further comprise after the step D: described two-dimensional image data, described 64 grades of gradation datas are painted, so that clearer aberration and the zone of demonstrating.

Adopt Kalman filtering algorithm that 64 grades of gradation datas that obtain are carried out amalgamation in the described step e.

The described objective plane footprint image of step e is the BMP bitmap format.

Described step e further comprises the amalgamation to the incomplete footprint in scene, comprises amalgamation, program automatic splicing and the docking splitting mode of multilayer figure layer.

After the described step e, further comprise the comparative analysis that described objective plane footprint image is comprised one or more modes in contrast, brightness, saturation degree, exposure, pseudo-color analysis, rim detection, the mark mark picture, from described view data, obtain to include the information in Plane Footprint image weight zone.

At last, after processing through above-mentioned comparative analysis, output packet contains the probation report of specific targets of suspect's sex, height, figure, age, paces attitude.

Plane Footprint based on image processing techniques provided by the present invention detects analytic system and method thereof, can the computer system, the Plane Footprint image is processed, restore the depth information in this Plane Footprint image, to show the weight face of footprint, wear surface, work reflection people's such as stopping over gait feature and image characteristics, be analyzed in conjunction with the on-the-spot footprint of leaving over again, and be aided with docking, splicing, overlapping, grid, measure, the functions such as character picture are tested, thereby obtain suspect's sex, height, the figure, age, the specific targets such as paces attitude can reach and dwindle the examination object range, determine the effect of suspect's identity.In addition, by this system the Plane Footprint image is processed, can be reached or approach the effect that the 3 D stereo footprint is carried out quantitative test, also have economy, characteristics easily.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the common spot plane footprint photograph/image synoptic diagram by the shooting of criminal investigation department;

Fig. 2 is for adopting the Plane Footprint photograph/image synoptic diagram after Plane Footprint of the present invention detects analysis system processes;

Fig. 3 A is the image processing subsystem structural representation that Plane Footprint of the present invention detects analytic system;

Fig. 3 B is the present invention detects analysis to the Plane Footprint image treatment scheme synoptic diagram;

Fig. 4 utilizes Plane Footprint of the present invention to detect the method flow diagram that analytic system is processed Plane Footprint;

Fig. 4 a is for adopting Plane Footprint of the present invention to detect the pseudo-color synoptic diagram of processing 256 grades of grey level histograms that obtain of analytic system colour gamut slice gradient;

Fig. 5 is the people's of different sexes footprint characteristics synoptic diagram;

Fig. 6 is the people's of different heights footprint characteristics synoptic diagram;

Fig. 7 is different figures' people's footprint characteristics synoptic diagram;

Fig. 8 is the people's of all ages and classes footprint characteristics synoptic diagram;

Fig. 8 A is the people's of all ages and classes shown in Figure 8 half sole heel balance of force (plane) synoptic diagram;

Fig. 8 B is the people's of all ages and classes shown in Figure 8 half sole heel balance of force (section) synoptic diagram;

Fig. 8 C is the people's of all ages and classes shown in Figure 8 position of stopping over, width, length contrast synoptic diagram;

Fig. 8 D is the people's of all ages and classes shown in Figure 8 heel weight face position, length contrast synoptic diagram;

Fig. 8 E is the people's of all ages and classes shown in Figure 8 shape, length, the width contrast synoptic diagram of arch;

Fig. 8 F is the people's of all ages and classes shown in Figure 8 position, the length contrast synoptic diagram on the inside and outside real limit of ball of foot;

Fig. 8 G is the people's of all ages and classes shown in Figure 8 half sole weight face position, direction, shape contrast synoptic diagram;

Fig. 8 H is that the people's of all ages and classes shown in Figure 8 toe is pressed direction, weight position versus synoptic diagram;

Fig. 8 I is the people's of all ages and classes shown in Figure 8 curvature contrast synoptic diagram of footprint barycenter trajectory line;

Fig. 9 A is youth, the prime of life and person in middle and old age's half sole weight surface Analysis synoptic diagram;

Fig. 9 B is the traverse analytic approach synoptic diagram for all ages and classes section;

Fig. 9 C is the outer real limit analytic approach synoptic diagram for all ages and classes section;

Fig. 9 D is the heel weight surface Analysis synoptic diagram for all ages and classes section;

Fig. 9 E is the mark analysis method of the stopping over synoptic diagram for all ages and classes section;

Fig. 9 F is a pin point, the half sole weight point analysis method synoptic diagram for all ages and classes section;

Figure 10 A is the footprint center line technique of painting synoptic diagram when utilizing system of the present invention that Plane Footprint is analyzed;

Figure 10 B is the sole line drawing method synoptic diagram when utilizing system of the present invention that Plane Footprint is analyzed;

Figure 10 C is the traverse technique of painting synoptic diagram when utilizing system of the present invention that Plane Footprint is analyzed;

Figure 10 D is the barefoot line drawing method synoptic diagram when utilizing system of the present invention that Plane Footprint is analyzed;

Figure 10 E is 30 years old datum line technique of painting synoptic diagram when utilizing system of the present invention that Plane Footprint is analyzed;

Figure 10 F is the heel costa technique of painting synoptic diagram when utilizing system of the present invention that Plane Footprint is analyzed.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiments of the invention Plane Footprint detection analytic system of the present invention and method thereof are described in further detail.

Core concept of the present invention is: source Plane Footprint image is changed (CEC64 by setting up 64 central points, Center Each Convert64) mathematical model of discrete transform and view data processing, then to every view data intermediate value (PEDM, Pic Each Data Mid-value) carrying out convolution algorithm processes, carry out again F1 mathematical image model (MATPIC-F1, F1 Math Pic Model) matrix data extraction algorithm, carry out at last E1-pixel center point conversion (PIXCC-E1, E1 Pixel Center Convert) algorithm, after finally being processed, can clear identification weight face, wear surface, work the target image of gait features such as stopping over, namely restore the target image of footprint depth information.

Fig. 1 is the common spot plane footprint photograph/image synoptic diagram by the shooting of criminal investigation department, as shown in Figure 1, usually this type of footprint photo next door when taking must be put rule (being accurate to millimeter) and is numbered, the usefulness that the ratio that the footprint photo taken or digital image is provided according to this rule in order to the technician is carried out quantitative test, as according to photo or digital image, the features such as the length of footprint, width are analyzed.

And in the well-known 3-D view, comprise X, Y, three axial data messages of Z, in laser scanning imaging system, by generate after the laser scanning take the Z axis data as main grid elevation data, this data comprise abundant depth information.And in daily life, most photograph/image of our contact, basically all be under the irradiation of various light sources lack of standardization (electric torch, emergency light, candle, magnesium lamp, flashlamp etc.), take the photograph/image that obtains by common film camera or digital camera, these photos are complete planes, do not comprise any Z axis data, i.e. depth information.Therefore, we can't directly obtain the depth information of footprint from picture, more can't judge the darkest zone and weight zone.

Fig. 2 is for adopting the Plane Footprint photograph/image synoptic diagram after Plane Footprint of the present invention detects analysis system processes, as shown in Figure 2, after Plane Footprint detection analysis system processes of the present invention, can extract depth information from the Plane Footprint image of source, the objective plane footprint image shown in the figure can clearly show the darkest zone of footprint and weight face/zone.Therefore, we can utilize the footprint depth information that obtains from this image, be equivalent to the effect that tridimensional footprint is used and analyzed.

Analytic system is detected on plane of the present invention, and the computer system by using the mathematics data processing techniques such as discrete probability, Abstract Algebra, convolution fractionation, in conjunction with many gradients gray-scale map chromatographic analysis, finally shows the weight zone of Plane Footprint image.The below further specifies ultimate principle of the present invention and processing procedure.

Fig. 3 A is the image processing subsystem structural representation that Plane Footprint of the present invention detects analytic system, as shown in the figure, the core apparatus of this system is image processing subsystem b, be used for described source Plane Footprint image a is extracted depth information, and generate the objective plane footprint image c that carries depth information.In addition, by described auxiliary process subsystem d, can assist described image processing subsystem b that the source Plane Footprint image in the processing procedure is carried out the amalgamation of Plane Footprint image, then generate objective plane footprint image c, and can be analyzed this objective plane footprint image c, further manifest weight face, wear surface, gait feature and the image characteristics of stopping over of footprint.

Here, described image processing subsystem b further comprises 64 central point conversion (CEC64) processing modules, every view data intermediate value (PEDM) processing module, F1 mathematical image model (MATPIC-F1) processing module and E1-pixel center point conversion (PIXCC-E1) processing module; Wherein,

Described CEC64 processing module is used for described source Plane Footprint image is processed into two-value data, finds the edge of footprint, determines the information of foot print position, size.

Described PEDM processing module, view data after being used for processing through described CEC64 is carried out convolution algorithm, make it generate 64 parts of two-dimensional image datas, thereby from the view data in footprint zone, obtain 64 grades of gradation datas, and every grade gradation data is stored in the database with the dot matrix arrangement mode.

Described MATPIC-F1 processing module, described 64 parts of two-dimensional image datas are carried out further deconsolidation process by matrix algorithms to source Plane Footprint image, generate treated two-dimensional image data, then every DBMS is further processed, calculate and overlap and repeat maximum dot matrix zones, and from described 64 grades of gradation datas, on average overlapped and repeat maximum zones, further determine the weight face of footprint and the data of footprint surface of contact.And

Described PIXCC-E1 processing module, being used for using the PIXCC-E1 pixel data to carry out amalgamation by the average data that overlap the zone that described MATPIC-F1 processing module obtains processes, after 64 grades of gradation datas that obtain are carried out disposable covering amalgamation, generate the objective plane footprint image.

Fig. 3 B is the present invention detects analysis to the Plane Footprint image treatment scheme synoptic diagram; Fig. 4 utilizes Plane Footprint of the present invention to detect the method flow diagram that analytic system is carried out routine processes; Such as Fig. 3 B, shown in Figure 4, this processing procedure comprises the steps:

Step 31, start-up routine, and open source Plane Footprint image file, it is loaded on this Plane Footprint detects analytic system.

Here, if this image is bitmap (bitmap) form, it is written into the worktable drawing area automatically; Otherwise, this image format conversion is become described bitmap format, and then is loaded on the worktable drawing area.

It is worth mentioning that, provide if source images is mode with the original plane photo, then can utilize the mode of scanner or digital camera reproduction photo to be converted to the plane picture file of electronic format.

Step 32～step 33, utilize CEC64 (discrete transform and view data) processing module, the source Plane Footprint image file of described bitmap format is processed into two-value data, to wait for secondary treating.

Its processing procedure is specially: process by CEC64 discrete transform and view data, described image file is processed into two-value data, described two-value data is a kind ofly to only have view data black, white dichromatism according to what light and light field obtained, this image of, white dichromatism black by comparing, can conveniently determine the edge of footprint, thereby can determine the information such as position, size of footprint, be beneficial to image is carried out post-processed.

Described CEC64 discrete transform and view data are processed mathematical model:

$F(u,v)=c\left(u_n\right)c\left(v_n\right)\underset{x=0}{\overset{M-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\underset{y=0}{\overset{N-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}f(x,y)\×\cos \frac{\mathrm{\π}(2x+1)u_n}{2M}\cos \frac{\mathrm{\π}(2x+1)v_n}{2N}$

Wherein, u=0,1 ..., M-1; V=0,1 ..., N-1.

$c\left(u\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{c}\sqrt{\frac{1}{M}}\\ \sqrt{\frac{2}{M}}\end{array}\right.+\underset{x=0}{\overset{N-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\underset{y=0}{\overset{M-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\frac{u=0}{u=\mathrm{1,2},...,M-1}$

$c\left(v\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{c}\sqrt{\frac{1}{N}}\\ \sqrt{\frac{2}{N}}\end{array}\right.+\underset{x=0}{\overset{N-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\underset{y=0}{\overset{M-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\frac{v=0}{v=\mathrm{1,2},...,M-1}$

Wherein: x, y are the spatial domain value; U, v are pixel value; M, N are variable.It is as follows to try to achieve the sampled value conversion formula:

$f(x,y)=\underset{x=0}{\overset{M-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\underset{y=0}{\overset{N-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}c\left(u\right)c\left(v\right)F(u,v)\×\cos \frac{\mathrm{\π}(2x+1)u}{2M}+\cos \frac{\mathrm{\π}(2y+1)v}{2N}+((M-1)-(N-1))$

Here, CEC64 has plurality of discrete cosine transform (DCT, Discrete Cosine Transform) value, and in fact, the DCT value is processed in the CEC64 conversion exactly.The inverse transformation of DCT-I multiply by coefficient with DCT-I exactly The inverse transformation of DCT-IV says DCT-IV be multiply by coefficient

The inverse transformation of DCT-II multiply by coefficient to DCT-II exactly

Vice versa.

Similar with discrete Fourier transform (DFT), the normalization coefficient that changes the front does not change the character of this dct transform.For example, can also multiply by coefficient in the front of DCT-II conversion Like this inverse transformation from form and dct transform similar, and do not need to carry out in addition normalization coefficient.

Step 34～35, utilize the PEDM processing module, view data after processing through described CEC64 processing module is carried out convolution algorithm, described source Plane Footprint image is generated 64 parts of two-dimensional image datas, from the view data in its footprint zone, obtain 64 grades of gradation datas, and every grade gradation data is stored in the database with the dot matrix arrangement mode.

Convolution algorithm when described PEDM image is processed, specific as follows:

If one dimension image formula is:

$X\left(k\right)=\underset{n=0}{\overset{N-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\left(X_n{W}_N^{\mathrm{kn}}\right),0\≤k\≤N-1$

Expanding to two dimension is:

$f(u,v)=\frac{1}{N^2}\underset{x=0}{\overset{N-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\underset{y=0}{\overset{N-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}f(x,y)W_N^{\mathrm{ux}}{W}_N^{\mathrm{vy}},0\≤u,v\≤N-1$

It carries out one dimension FT one time along every row and column, then can obtain corresponding v value:

$f(x,v)=\frac{1}{N}\underset{y=0}{\overset{N-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}f(x,y)W_N^{\mathrm{uy}},$ $F(u,v)=\frac{1}{N}\underset{y=0}{\overset{1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}F(x,y)W_N^{\mathrm{vx}}.$

In addition, since above-mentioned Convolution Formula be ask stochastic variable and the computing formula of density function (PDF).Its definition can be expressed as:

Z (t)=x (t) * y (t)=∫ x (m) y (t-m) dm, known x, the PDF of y, x (t), y (t).Ask now the PDF of z=x+y.We make variable and substitute, and make z=x+y, m=x.Jacobian=1, z so, the m joint density is exactly:

F (z, m)=x (m) y (z-m) * 1 like this, just can be easy to ask the marginal distribution in (z, m) of z, namely

f _Z(z)=∫ x (m) y (z-m) dm ... because this formula and x (t), there is one to one relation in y (t).For convenient, so note ∫ x (m) y (z-m) dm=x (t) * y (t).

Length is the sequence vector u of m and the sequence vector v that length is n, and the sequence vector length of convolution w is (m+n-1),

When m=n,

w(1)＝u(1)*v(1)

w(2)＝u(1)*v(2)+u(2)*v(1)

w(3)＝u(1)*v(3)+u(2)*v(2)+u(3)*v(1)

…

w(n)＝u(1)*v(n)+u(2)*v(n-1)+...+u(n)*v(1)

…

w(2*n-1)＝u(n)*v(n)。

When m ≠ n, should calculate after the high position with the low vector of 0 polishing order, like this, utilize Convolution Formula that image is carried out secondary treating after, generate 64 parts of two-dimensional image datas.

Step 36～37, adopt MATPIC-F1 matrix extraction algorithms that source Plane Footprint image is carried out further deconsolidation process to 64 parts of two-dimensional image datas in the described database, generate treated two-dimensional image data.Here, the effect that described MATPIC-F1 matrix extracts is that every DBMS is processed, calculate and overlap and repeat maximum dot matrix zones, and from 64 DBMSs, on average overlapped and repeat maximum area datas, like this, we namely can be used as the data of footprint weight face and footprint surface of contact by these data, then, also need these data, two-dimensional image data and 64 grades of gradation datas are painted as described, so that clearer aberration and the zone of demonstrating.

Here, described MATPIC-F1 matrix data extraction algorithm is specially:

The responsive table of 8 * 8 contrasts of drafting has represented 64 sensitive difference value, is used for identifying and processing, and as shown in Table 1: X=(r, c) r is the row data, and C is column data.

1.08	1.01	1.16	1.66	2.40	3.43	4.79	6.56
								1.12	1.45	1.32	1.52	2.00	2.71	3.67	4.93
1.16	1.32	2.24	2.59	2.98	3.64	4.60	5.88
								1.66	1.52	2.59	3.77	4.55	5.30	6.28	7.60
2.40	2.00	2.98	4.55	6.15	7.46	8.72	10.17
								3.43	2.70	3.65	5.33	7.46	9.62	11.55	13.50
4.75	3.43	4.60	6.11	8.71	11.56	14.12	17.29
								6.66	4.93	5.88	7.54	10.17	13.51	17.11	21.15

$f\left(r\right)=c_n+\underset{n=1}{\overset{\∞}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}(c_n\cos \frac{\mathrm{\π}(2x+1)}{M-1}+r_n\sin \frac{\mathrm{\π}(2x+1)}{N-1})$

Definition: establish A=(a _Ij) be m * n matrix, B=(b _Ij) be n * p matrix, then the product AB of A and B is a m * p matrix, the element c on the capable j column position of i of this matrix _IjEqual the sum product of corresponding element of the j row of the capable element of the i of A and B. namely

c _ij＝a _i1b _1j+a _i2b _2j+…+a _inb _nj，

i＝1，2，…，m；j＝1，2，…，p.

For example:

$\left(\begin{array}{cccc}{a}_{11}& a_{12}& ...& a_{1n}\\ .& .& & .\\ .& .& & .\\ .& .& & .\\ a_{i1}& a_{i2}& ...& a_{\mathrm{in}}\\ .& .& & .\\ .& .& & .\\ .& .& & .\\ a_{m1}& a_{m2}& ...& a_{\mathrm{mn}}\end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{ccccc}{b}_{11}& ...& b_{1j}& ...& b_{1p}\\ b_{21}& ...& b_{2j}& ...& b_{2p}\\ .& & .& & .\\ .& & .& & .\\ .& & .& & .\\ b_{n1}& ...& b_{\mathrm{np}}& ...& b_{\mathrm{np}}\end{array}\right)=\left(\begin{array}{ccccc}{c}_{11}& ...& c_{1f}& ...& c_{1p}\\ .& & .& & .\\ .& & .& & .\\ .& & .& & .\\ c_{i1}& ...& c_{\mathrm{if}}& ...& c_{\mathrm{ip}}\\ .& & .& & .\\ .& & .& & .\\ .& & .& & .\\ c_{m1}& ...& c_{\mathrm{mj}}& ...& c_{\mathrm{mp}}\end{array}\right)$

$c_{11}=a_{11}{b}_{11}+a_{12}{b}_{21}+...+a_{1n}{b}_{n1}=\underset{k=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{a}_{1k}{b}_{k1}$

Step 38～39, then, the average coincidence area data that will obtain are at last again used the PIXCC-E1 pixel data to carry out amalgamation and are processed.Here, after resulting 64 grades of view data are carried out disposable covering amalgamation, can obtain having the view data of a large amount of clutters and noise, clutter in this view data and noise bring larger impact can for the accuracy of view data, therefore PIXCC-E1 uses Kalman filtering algorithm to realize amalgamation, generate at last target BMP (BitMap) dot chart view data, i.e. the objective plane footprint image of BMP bitmap format.In addition, system of the present invention is also for reality of work, in the situation that can't collect complete Plane Footprint image, also provide the intelligent work pattern of the incomplete footprint in scene being carried out amalgamation: comprise the various ways such as amalgamation, automatic splicing and docking amalgamation that provide multilayer figure layer, incomplete footprint image is pieced together complete Plane Footprint image, and then be further processed.

Described PIXCC-E1 pixel data amalgamation formula, as follows:

$g\left(x\right)y=\underset{k=-1}{\overset{n+1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}f\left(x_k\right)q^3\left[\frac{x-x_k}{h}\right];$

Adopt again Kalman filtering algorithm to realize the decomposition amalgamation function of picture:

E[w(k)]＝0，E[w(k)w ^T(j)]＝Q(k)δ _kj；(Q(k)≥0)

E[w(k)]＝0，E[v(k)v ^T(j)]＝R(k)δ _kj；(R(k)≥0)

E[w(k)v ^T(j)]＝0；

E[x(0)]＝m ₀，E[{x(0)-m ₀}{x(0)-m ₀} ^T]＝Var(x(0))＝P ₀；

E[x(0)w ^T(k)]＝0；E[x(0)v ^T(k)]＝0。

With reference to the accompanying drawings 4, in the routine processes process (being step 32～step 39) that adopts native system:

At first, the bitmap format imagery exploitation above-mentioned steps that is loaded on the worktable drawing area is carried out color identification, if image background is light color, footprint partly is dark, then must carry out negative process, it is processed into: the footprint in the image is dark feature for light color, background; Perhaps, also described image transitions can be become the footprint image part feature darker than background color, but effect is slightly poor.For example, image footprint section processes can be become the more shallow grey of color, background parts in the image is processed into the darker colors such as black, blueness, in any case but, this processing procedure preferred version, preferably will meet such principle: in processing procedure, the form and aspect of background are darker than the color of footprint part in the image, perhaps dark than the footprint part of the brightness of background in the image.

Secondly, select pretreatment mode.Plane Footprint of the present invention detects analytic system and is provided with altogether 3 pre-service patterns, if select pre-service pattern 1, then establishes k=x, N=1; If select pre-service pattern 2, then establish k=x, N=2; Select the pre-service mode 3, k=x then, N=3.Like this, by getting variate-value k and different processing degree of depth grade N, begin above-mentioned pretreated footprint image is carried out the pseudo-color processing of discrete convolution colour gamut slice gradient, the view data of the BMP form after obtaining being disposed.

The below is in conjunction with system of the present invention and method thereof, the processes such as discrete probability processing involved in the present invention, data convolution is done the principle introduction, so that the feasibility of above-mentioned data and image processing method to be described.

1, discrete probability is processed: here, we use discrete probabilistic algorithm that pixel value, color value, Grad, the individual-layer data of the picture under the various states are analyzed.

2, data convolution: convolution is to analyze a kind of important computing in the mathematics.

As establish: f (x), g (x) are two integrable functions on the R, carry out integration:

Can prove, x ∈ (∞ ,+∞) in the scope, above-mentioned integration exists.Like this, along with the different values of x, this integration has just defined a new function h (x), is called the convolution of function f and g, is designated as h (x)=(f*g) (x).Easily checking, (f*g) (x)=(g*f) (x), and (f*g) (x) still is integrable function.That is to say, replace multiplication, L with convolution ¹(R ¹) space is an algebraically, or even Banach algebra.The function f * g that therefore we obtained by convolution is generally smooth than f and g.Special when g be the smooth function with tight support, f is part can amass the time, their convolution f*g also is smooth function.Utilize this character, for integrable function f arbitrarily, can construct simply the smooth function row fs that row approach f, this method is called smoothing or the regularization of function.

The convolution of function f and g is denoted as f ★ g, it be after the upset of one of them function and the translation with the integration of the product of another function, be one to the function of translational movement:

(f*g)(t)＝∫f(τ)g(t-τ)dτ

Its integrating range depends on the field of definition of f and g.

For the function that is defined in discrete domain, Defined is:

$(f*g)\left[m\right]=\underset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}f\left[n\right]g[m-n]$

As mentioned above, so we can be divided into the color value data of different grayscale images multi-stage data and carry out integration again, then can obtain the convolution of color value under the different stage gray scale.Then utilize after the aberration convolutional calculation goes out multiple level under the gray scale, can also further calculate and process these layerings.

Usually be subjected to the impact of light and shade, we can generate multi-layer image, and the discrete probabilistic algorithm that they carry out is repeatedly calculated.After repeatedly calculating, use the method for getting rid of, just can reject most of discarded figure layer.After each figure layer process was calculated, we can obtain occupying a certain color or the pixel value of maximum region.Abandon occupy the minimum figure layer of pixel value after, the zone of occupying maximum pixel and color value of acquisition just can be done further calculating again and processed.

At last, again by one or more processing procedures in comparative selection degree, brightness, saturation degree, exposure, pseudo-color analysis, rim detection and the mark mark picture, can from the view data that finally obtains, obtain the information in the weight zone etc. of Plane Footprint image.After processing through above-mentioned comparative analysis, this system can output packet contains the probation report of specific targets of suspect's sex, height, figure, age, paces attitude, for technician/user's reference.

Here, described pseudo-color the analysis, namely the pseudo-coloured silk of colour gamut slice gradient is processed, and be specifically described as follows: in vector calculus, the gradient of scalar field is a vector field.Certain gradient on is a bit pointed to the fastest-rising direction of scalar field in the scalar field, and the length of gradient is this maximum rate of change.More strictly speaking, from Euclidean space R _nGradient to the function of R is at R _nCertain is linear-apporximation of the best a bit.In this sense, gradient is special circumstances of Jacobi matrix.After image under the multi-stage grey scale carried out layering, can obtain Grad, color dot array data under the different gray level images.

For example, according to calculating, can draw a such as Fig. 4 with following code, obtain 256 grades of histograms under the gray scale:

By last calculating, we can draw on each gray level that maximum pixel counts is 59139.

The color of each figure layer that we will peel off is out regarded a matrix as, and we have carried out special color calculating and comparison to different color matrixes, and the figure layer that will peel off out uses respectively different gradients to carry out the pseudo-coloured silkization demonstration of self-defining 16 colour gamuts.Finally by these figure layers being carried out after XOR processes, can obtain the Plane Footprint image (as shown in Figure 2) of the BMP form after the final processing.

Below for utilizing described footprint image, the present invention carries out the knowwhy of quantitative detecting analysis and briefly introducing of scientific basis.

Human motion organ structure, technical ability and motor point and people's sex, height, body weight, age, paces posture have closely and contact.Be mainly manifested in: the relation of people's sex and locomotor architectural feature and function power; People's height and pin are long, the proportionate relationship of step-length; The relation of people's body weight and half sole, heel weight face width degree and pressure; The relation that people's age and locomotive organ technical ability transform; The relation of people's walking posture and locomotor form and mode of motion, motion process.Scientifically study these mutual relationships, therefrom have been found that the universal law of different sexes, height, body weight, age, paces posture people's walking movement, correct these rule trends that use, just can objectively carry out the analysis of footprint and paces and infer, the field of investigation and people's characteristics are provided for investigation.

The paces analysis is one of application means of paces inspection technology.According to the frequency of occurrences of the paces feature in the footprint, can analyze the personal characteristics such as the sex of inferring the people, height, body weight, age, paces posture.Wherein:

One, sex character analysis

Because people's sex is different, people's the bodily form, physiological structure, technical performance all have obvious difference.Take medium height, medium figure's person between twenty and fifty as example, different sexes people's general features is: the male sex: compare with the women, and stature higher (average 170 centimetres of medium height), shoulder is wider, pelvis is narrower, bone is larger, muscular (accounting for 42%), fat less (accounting for 18%), center of gravity is higher, body weight heavier (male sex on average weighs 2.5 kilograms than the women), action is strong, is conducive to large swing.The women: compare with the male sex, stature lower (average 160 centimetres of medium height), shoulder is narrower, pelvis is larger, and bone is short and small, muscle less (accounting for 36%), fat more (accounting for 28%), body weight is lighter, muscular strength a little less than, pliability is good, dirigibility is stronger, center of gravity is lower, and action is soft, is conducive to the balance support action.

Because of the difference of sex, the reflection on footprint is: the male sex, and general footprint large (long 25 centimetres of the average pin of medium height), stride is grown (normally going on foot average about 78 centimetres), rises and stops over effectively, stares at more, digs vestige.Half sole pressure is inhomogeneous, and footprint four edges are imperfect, and the paracone outside and interior longitudinal arch have more existing palpus limit.The women, general footprint less (long 23 centimetres of the average pin of medium height) then, stride lack (normally going on foot average about 70 centimetres), rises and stops over gently, the traces of scratching more, forward foot in a step pressure is even, and footprint four edges are complete, the many outer pin that rise of city women, it is not far to get rid of soil, roll extrusion in single pin or the both feet.The people's of different sexes footprint characteristics is shown in Fig. 5 (comprising Fig. 5 a, Fig. 5 b).In addition, should also be noted that the characteristics of footwear, the male sex's pin is loose, and heel is lower, and decorative pattern is thicker, and how modest schoolgirl's footwear are, and heel is higher, and decorative pattern is more tiny.

Two, height signature analysis

Height refers to human body natural's stance, by at the bottom of the heel to the height on the crown.People's height and inborn heredity and posteriori nutrition, exercise are closely related.General father and mother's stature is high, and children's stature is also high.Rise the fifties, 1.5 centimetres of the per ten annual growth in stature of the teenager of China; After the external industrial revolution, one centimetre of per ten annual growth in stature.China urban population children are generally high than father and mother now, according to investigation statistics, and the mean height 5-7 that the ratio of taking regular exercise in the junior middle school student or not centimetre.In addition, people's height is different, vertical sleeping different round the clock, generally couches than standing long 1-3 centimetre.According to the investigation of Chinese people open height and northerner's classification of habits, male sex's height, medium individual between 165-175 centimetre, low individual below 165 centimetres, the tall person is more than 175 centimetres.Women's height grade is lower 10 centimetres than the male sex.

The people's of different heights walking feature: because people's height is different.The walking movement characteristics that form are also different.The tall person, stature is higher, and center of gravity is high, and lower limb are longer, and the fortune of the walking step is loose, many double swerves.Low, stature is slower, and center of gravity is low.Lower limb are shorter, walk and transport tight urging of step, and rock many front and back, gets used to large profound step.Different height people's footwork rule is reflected in the feature on the footprint: the tall person: footprint large (foot length is more than 26.0 centimetres), stride long (slowly more than 85 centimetres), heel is outer stopping over greatly partially, the empty length of side in the tiptoe outside, big toe is pressed long (more than 5 centimetres), plays pin and scratches trace more.Medium: footprint length medium (about 25 centimetres of pin length), step-length moderate (about 75 centimetres), custom is walked the normal step, rises and stops over without quick step, slow step characteristics.Low: footprint short (pin is long below 24 centimetres), stride long (piece goes on foot more than 80 centimetres), many treads of stopping over play pin and pedal more, dig trace, and it is far away to get rid of soil.The people's of different heights footprint characteristics is shown in Fig. 6 (Fig. 6 a, Fig. 6 b and Fig. 6 c).

The estimation method of Human Height:

With multiple step-length stature estimation, measure rear 20 centimeters of multiple step that the people stands in into time footprint, vertically stand in measurement people's tiptoe with a ruler before, observe the tiptoe and the scale (length) of supporting to drag of the 4th footprint in multiple step with sight, the root tool is measured people's height and the height grade of leaving over the footprint people again, adds corresponding coefficient.When this coefficient generally was low individual's measurement, low individual footprint added 20 centimetres, and medium footprint adds 30 centimetres, and high individual footprint adds 40 centimetres.When medium individual measures, correspondingly add 5 centimetres, when high individual measures, add less 10 centimetres.

1.1, according to long with single step, pin is long infers height (such as table 1) with the correlationship of height:

The long Correlation coefficient of Stature table of table 1 step-length pin

Height infer minute=0.84 * step-length standard divide+the long standard of 0.12 * pin divides

(1) first long with known single step, or same column criterion is divided on the left of the upper step-length of table, determine that the step-length standard divides.

(2) long with a pin again, the same column criterion in the long left side of the upper pin of tabling look-up is divided, and determines that the long standard of pin divides.

(3) with 0.64 * step-length standard divide+the long standard of 0.12 * pin divides and obtains height and infer minute.

(4) height in the table 1 infers that minute right side with the height numeral of delegation, is exactly the reference data of stature estimation.

(5) coefficient of this table is to infer with the normal step, also can the long or long height of directly looking into of pin of single step.

When using own and paces stature estimation, becoming time group to concentrate, should be specifically noted that pin is large, step-length, rise stop over rapid, pin is little, step-length, its little special circumstances of larger, the high individual pin of loose low individual of stopping over.

1.2, with sole long (refer to the sole foreign minister, lower with), footwear sizes stature estimation.Between sole length and the footwear sizes certain correlationship is arranged.The new footwear sizes of China is take pin length as the basis, take centimetre as unit.Grow up Men's Shoes by No. 23-No. 30, grow up women's shoes by No. 21-No. 25, each centimetre is one number, 0.5 centimetre be No. half, fat or thin type is with (one) (two) (three) (four) (five) expression, and (one) type is the thinnest, and distance differs 7 millimeters between every type, differ 0.35 millimeter between half mould, 40% grade and half sole width that the sole of the foot encloses.

Footwear sizes is consistent with the pin appearance, so, in general, under the condition of known soles length, infer footwear sizes, in the situation of known footwear sizes, stature estimation is to be relatively easy to.But, because the difference of the design of different regions, producer, the sole size produced, and sole kind, structure, the reason such as wear large footwear in wearing, punish underhandly is inferred footwear sizes so that the sole of footprint is long, and then with the footwear sizes stature estimation, should make a concrete analysis of, cannot treat different things as the same.

Infer that so that sole is long the reduction formula of footwear sizes is:

Sole length=footwear sizes+put surplus+interior heterodyne;

Footwear sizes=sole grow-is put surplus-Nei heterodyne;

Put surplus and refer to surplus or the tolerance of footwear sizes intermediate value.Such as No. 25 footwear, the pin length that is applicable between 24.8-25.2 centimetre wears.Put the design standards of surplus, generally be: empty plastic sandals is 0.5 centimetre before and after man, the woman, and always that plastic sandals is 1 centimetre.1 centimetre in rubber overshoes, 1.2 centimetres of women leather shoes, 1.5 centimetres of male leather shoes (element head), 0.8 centimetre of male, women cloth shoes.

Interior heterodyne refers to that long in the sole and sole foreign minister's is poor.The physical length in the sole namely.Add upper of a shoe thickness, add again the forward and backward width that goes out edge (deduct and receive the limit) of (subtracting) sole.

The interior heterodyne of all kinds footwear is generally: plastic bottom footwear, rubber soled shoes, little decorative pattern are 0.5 centimetre-1.5 centimetres, and big-pattern is 1.5-3 centimetre.Leather shoes: flat with 1-2 centimetre, low majority is 3 centimetres with 2-4 centimetre, even 6 centimetres.

The inside and outside appearance of Ms's cemented shoe and half high-heeled shoes etc., even foreign minister is less than interior length.

When footprint formed, general footwear length was than long 1.5 centimetres of the barefoot seal in plane, and long 1 centimetre of the naked footprint in three-dimensional barefoot seal coin plane is worn long 0.5 centimetre of shoeprints plaster cast coin footwear.

1.3, with the long peaceful flushing pin footprint stature estimation of pin.The footprint total length (X1) of people's the long peaceful flushing footmark of actual pin, the middle palm have the correlationship of secret with long (X6) six variablees and height with long (X5), bow with long (X4), the outer sole of the foot with long (X3), the interior sole of the foot with long (X2), the interior palm.Through mathematical statistics, carry out correlation analysis, set up corresponding regression equation, as calculated machine computing has provided relevant tables of data, and the conjugation condition parameter can to footprint and the incomplete footprint of different brackets height, be carried out the deduction of height.Be depicted as the long synoptic diagram of sole such as Fig. 6 d; Fig. 6 e is average six barefoot measuring point synoptic diagram; Table 2, table 3, table 4 are respectively the data table related of height and pin data table related long and barefoot Plane Footprint, different brackets height and the long and barefoot Plane Footprint of pin, and required condition is regulated parameter list.

The data table related of the long and barefoot Plane Footprint of table 2 height and pin

The data table related of the long and barefoot Plane Footprint of table 3 different brackets height and pin

Condition is adjusted parameter

Table: 4 units: centimetre

Three, aspectual character analysis

The figure refers to the proportionate relationship of height and body weight.Standard body weight gangster's class methods of China population figure are:

Height (centimetre)-105=standard body weight (kilogram)

If body weight at standard body weight ± 5% take interior as medium figure, the above 5%-10% of standard body weight be on medium figure, medium figure under being of the following 5%-10% of standard body weight, be higher than standard more than 10% for fat, being lower than standard 10% below is thin.Few 2.5 kilograms than the male sex of women's standard body weight.

1.1, different figures' the people feature of walking

The fat or thin difference of people's body weight affects the flexibility ratio of walking, take the person between twenty and fifty of male sex's medium height as example:

Fat people: fattiness, health is heavy, and the action of walking is slower.

The feature that is reflected on the footprint is: fat people: the short wide broadening of step of stride religion, step angle become large (also have and dwindle).Footprint pressure is heavy, and is plentiful, and evenly, the edge is obvious, and the heel impression is solid, half sole, heel pressure face width, and arch is low, rises to stop over lowly, wipes, chooses, to scratch trace many.The lath: stride is longer, go on foot wide narrower, the step angle dwindle.Footprint pressure is light.Inhomogeneous, the edge is imperfect, half sole, and the heel pressure face is narrow, and arch is high, rises and stops over heavily, pedals, to dig trace many.

1.2, figure's analytical approach

The boundary of distinguishing figure's grade according to forefoot, heel weight face width degree is, half sole weight face width degree accounts for half sole width 1/2 take interior as the lath, 1/2 to 4/5 be medium figure, more than 4/5 is fat people.Heel weight face width degree account for heel width 1/3 for the lath, 1/3 to 1/2 be medium figure, more than 1/2 is fat people, different figures' people's footprint characteristics figure (comprises Fig. 7 a, is used for figure's grade is judged such as Fig. 7, Fig. 7 b is used for inferring body weight).

Can use with half sole weight face reckoning body weight:

Half sole weight face (millimeter) length+wide+coefficient ≈ body weight (jin).Different figures' coefficient is, fat people adds 30. medium figures and adds 20, and the lath adds 10, shown in Fig. 7 b.Also can calculate with reference to the adult men and women's height of China and body weight table, such as table 5.

Table 5 China adult males, girls height and body weight table

92 notes: 1. table is for man's data on. 2.5 kilograms of .2. height units of woman's decreased average centimetre, body weight unit's kilogram.

Four, age character analysis

Age is the time tag of the motion of the laborsaving state of human body.Each locomotor form of people's doctor and technical ability are constantly to change.

The form of human motion organ and function.In time retired, the growth at age is in each different age level, according to the subjective condition of self, carrying out regular motion, development changes, and in each age level, be in again metastable state, be reflected in the footwork feature, find expression in the relative stability of footwork, namely the phasic characteristics of footwork feature collocation relation in the footprint.So the relative stability that footwork changes has kept the regularity that the footwork of each age level changes.Body east according to the possibility at footwork signature analysis age.

1.1, the foundation of Analysis of age

People's walking movement characteristics are reflected in the action of fortune step, and juvenile flexible, young strong, the prime of life is stable, and the middle age is slow, old decline.The Changing Pattern of human motion organ structure, technical ability is:

Juvenile period (8-17 year): physical development stage.Bone is soft, and articular ligament is fragile, the arch of foot poor flexibility, and muscle is undeveloped, does not set up the dynamic stereotype of consolidating, and to positive conversion, the characteristics of motion of walking is poor by passiveness for technical performance.

Nonage (18-28 year): be the stage of reaching maturity.The bone joint mobilization is large, and ligament is solid, and arch of foot elasticity is strong, and is muscular, has set up the dynamic stereotype of consolidating, and motion function is positive, and spring is strong, and the speed of travel is fast.

Period in the prime of life (29-39 year): the characteristics of motion is stable, and technical ability only is lower than nonage.

Middle age (40-50 year): locomotive organ technical ability falls into a decline, and the bone joint mobilization weakens, and muscle is lax gradually, and ligament elasticity weakens, and arch of foot descends, and technical performance is by actively transforming to passiveness, and passive strength increases, and the speed of travel is slower.

Senectitude (more than 50 years old): the decline of physiology technical ability, sclerotin is firmly crisp, and muscular strength descends, anchylosis, technical performance is passive, and the speed of travel is slow.

The people is from teenager to old age, and walking movement organ technical ability is transformed to passive by positive to positive by passiveness again.

The variation of stride: step-length is elongatedly shortened by short again, go on foot widely to be narrowed down by wide, goes on foot the angle and changes from small to big.

The variation of impression, arch of foot is raise by low, reduced by height again, half sole, toe is pressed from inside to outside, and behind forward direction, rear heel pressure is ascending, from inside to outside, by shifting behind the forward direction.

Its variation of stopping over: it is heavy by light change to stop over, and by the low again step-down that uprises, scratch increases by having to without to occurring again, and rising stops over lightens by light change is heavy again, uprises again step-down by low, pedals, digs trace by five to having, and changing from weak to strong dies down again, be gradually varied to stingy, choose trace.The footprint characteristics of all ages and classes, as shown in Figure 8, Fig. 8 (a) is that old age, (b) are young footprint for middle age, (c).

1.2, the Analysis of age method

Analysis of age is a larger problem of difficulty during footwork is analyzed, and is subjected to the impact of many factors, therefore, to the analysis at age, at first to distinguish the stage at age, then comprehensively infer with several different methods, consider again the subjective factor of footprint administration, on the impact of footprint, comprehensively pass judgment on.

1.2.1, distinguish age level:

Under normal condition, distinguish age level, the age characteristics at the general characteristic of Main Basis footprint and impression and each position.

1) distinguish with the weight contrast of heel, half sole and its strength of stopping over, larger its of adult's age stopped over heavier, and it is lighter to play pin; Age is less stops over gentlyer, and it is heavier to play pin.Juvenile rising stopped over gently, and heel, half sole weight are light, and wipe chosen trace more; The youth stops over gently, and it is heavy to play pin, and heel is pressed light, and half sole is pedaled and dug heavily, and the prime of life strength of one's legs amount of rising and falling is approximate, and the heel edge of stopping over is obvious, plays a pin and scratches more, digs trace; Middle age stops over heavily, and it is light to play pin, and the heel ballast plays pin and chooses open-minded trace more; It is very heavy to stop over old age, and it is very light to play pin, and heel has more existing scratch, and the palpus limit appears in own paracone, and the trace of choosing, slit increases.People's forefoot heel vertical beam comparison diagram is shown in Fig. 8 A; Its forefoot heel balance of force sectional view is shown in Fig. 8 B.

2) distinguish with the position of stopping over, trace width, length.Stop over the position with advancing age, shift from inside to outside, the width of the vestige of stopping over is broadened by narrow, and the length of the vestige of stopping over is by short elongated.Teenager just stops over, and the trace of stopping over is narrow and lack; Outside the youth stopped over slightly partially, the trace of stopping over was wide more than 1 centimetre, long about 2 centimetres; Outside the prime of life stopped over partially, it was wide about 1.5 centimetres to stop over, long about 3 centimetres; Outside middle age stopped over more partially, it was wide more than 2 centimetres to stop over, long about 4 centimetres; Old many outer stopping over, it is wide more than 5 centimetres to stop over.Stop over position, width, length characteristic contrast synoptic diagram are shown in Fig. 8 C.

3) distinguish with position, the length of heel weight face.Age is larger, heel weight face, from inside to outside, ascending expansion.Teenager partially in, long about 1 centimetre, young placed in the middle, long about 2 centimetres, wound year slightly partially outside, long about 3 centimetres; Middle age is partially outside lower, long about 4 centimetres; Old not in the know lower, long more than 5 centimetres.The position of heel weight face, length contrast synoptic diagram are shown in Fig. 8 D.

4) with shape, length, the width distinguishing of arch.With advancing age, arch is raise, is reduced by height by low, and the arch forward position is oblique by horizontal change, and outer longitudinal arch is broadened by wide narrowing down again, and shifts forward behind the edge under the arch.Juvenile arch is low, and the forward position is horizontal arcuation, and outer longitudinal arch begins to descend, and rear edge is above the heel forward position; Young arch is high, the forward position anyhow, outer longitudinal arch is narrow, rear edge is in lower end, heel forward position; Prime of life arch begins to descend, and forward position slightly-inclined, outer longitudinal arch youth are slightly wide, and rear edge coincide with the heel forward position; The middle age arch reduces, and the forward position tilts to the outer lower side, and outer longitudinal arch width is medium, and rear edge is above the heel forward position; The coming year, arch was very low, and it is oblique that the forward position is, and outer longitudinal arch surpasses the footprint center line, and rear edge is above the forward position of heel, and spacing is larger.The shape of arch, length, width contrast synoptic diagram are shown in Fig. 8 E.

5) distinguish with position, the length of the inside and outside real flanging of half sole.The position of the inside and outside real flanging of half sole, length are general to match with half sole medial and lateral weight face, and the Ei of larger, outer real flanging of age only, length more moves down also elongated.Juvenile near first, five articulationes metatarsophalangeaes, long about 3 centimetres; Young near first, five articulationes metatarsophalangeaes, about long 4-5 centimetre; The inboard real flanging of prime of life half sole hour, the real flanging in the outside at the 5th articulationes metatarsophalangeae near tuberosity of fifth metatarsal bone, about long 6-7 centimetre; The middle age at the 5th articulationes metatarsophalangeae to tuberosity of fifth metatarsal bone, about long 8-9 centimetre; Old age, down to the heel forward position, length was more than 10 centimetres at the 5th articulationes metatarsophalangeae.The synoptic diagram that the position of the inside and outside real flanging of half sole and length are distinguished is shown in Fig. 8 F.

6) with half sole weight face position, direction, differentiating forms.With advancing age, position, the form of half sole weight face, from inside to outside, by shifting behind the forward direction, the direction of half sole weight face is changed by horizontal outer incline, and the form of half sole weight face is changed to by circle and grows crosswise, and plagioclase shape is until be dihedral.Juvenile half sole weight face is inboard at the first articulationes metatarsophalangeae, is little and circular, and is young near first and second articulationes metatarsophalangeae, mostly is circular and presses; The prime of life is many near the 3rd articulationes metatarsophalangeae, mostly is ellipse and baroclines; Middle age is many at third and fourth, near five articulationes metatarsophalangeaes, mostly is plagioclase shape and presses; Much more old at third and fourth, near five articulationes metatarsophalangeaes and the tuberosity of fifth metatarsal bone, mostly be dihedral.The synoptic diagram of half sole weight face position, direction, differentiating forms is such as Fig. 8 G.

7) press direction, weight position to distinguish with the thumb sole of the foot.Along with whole of the age, the direction that the thumb sole of the foot is pressed is outwards then tilted by the inboard, thumb sole of the foot weight position, by the inboard laterally, by changing behind the forward direction.Juvenile thumb is pressed to inboard inclination, and weight is in front inboard; Young thumb sole of the foot direction forward, weight is in, middle side; The prime of life thumb sole of the foot is slightly outward-dipping, and weight is in the outside; The middle age thumb sole of the foot is outward-dipping, and weight is downside outside; The outside severe of the old thumb sole of the foot tilts, and weight is in the rear outside, and it is not obvious that thumb presses the middle part.The contrast synoptic diagram that the thumb sole of the foot presses direction, weight position to distinguish is shown in Fig. 8 H.

8) distinguish with the barycenter trajectory curve.The central track trace is a comprehensive characteristics of reflection walking movement technical ability.Age is larger, and the heel curvature is less, and the half sole curvature is larger.Juvenile heel curvature is about 160 degree, and the half sole curvature is about 80 degree; Young heel curvature is about 150 degree, and the half sole curvature is about 90 degree; Prime of life heel curvature is about 140 degree, and the half sole curvature is about 100; Middle age heel curvature is about 120 degree, and the half sole curvature is about 110 degree; Old heel half sole curvature is about 120 degree.The barycenter trajectory curve is distinguished the synoptic diagram at age, shown in Fig. 8 I.

1.2.2, calculate the several method at age

1) half sole weight surface analysis

Half sole weight face length degree (centimetre) the 5 ≈ ages (one full year of life) of *.Being per two millimeters is equivalent to one-year-old.Half sole weight surface Analysis synoptic diagram, shown in Fig. 9 A, the a-quadrant represents youth, the B Regional Representative prime of life, C Regional Representative person in middle and old age.

Make in this way, at first will determine the position of weight face, then find out the front and rear side edge of weight face, make a traverse according to the front edge line of weight face, the age level that reflects according to footprint again, the teenager surveys the inboard, and the prime of life surveys middle, and person in middle and old age survey the outside.

The edge, front of weight face, as be subject to indenture or get rid of the very anxious destruction of soil, can deduct toe length to the footprint paracone by edge behind the weight face.The rubber overshoes that generally fit, plastic bottom cloth shoes, the male sex subtracts 5 centimetres, and the women subtracts 4.5 centimetres.This kind method is applicable to 18 to 45 years old abduction step slanted bar impression,

2) traverse analytic approach

With footwear long 31% place or 29.5% long place of pin, namely bump place in half sole the first articulationes metatarsophalangeae makes a traverse, with 30 years old coordinate line, and rear definite half sole weight point position.All weight points more than the traverse are being in 30 years old; Be beyond 30 below the tangent line very.The distance of weight point and traverse, per 1 millimeter quite with one-year-old, on subtract lower adding, this kind method is applicable to the craspedodrome step horizontal stripe pressure in 18-45 year.Traverse analytic approach synoptic diagram is shown in Fig. 9 B.

3) real limit analytic approach outside

The real flanging length in half sole medial and lateral is general consistent with the length of half sole weight face.Each centimetre is equivalent to 5 years old, shown in Fig. 9 C.

But because of the difference of sex and age, per 1 centimetre of the male sex, juvenile 4 years old, blue or green, strong, 5 years old middle age, old 7 years old.Per 1 centimetre of women, juvenile 3 years old, young 4 years old, 5 years old prime of life, 6 years old middle age, old 7 years old.

4) heel weight surface Analysis

Heel weight face mix poison, per 1 millimeter is equivalent to 1 years old.Use the method, determine exactly the front and rear side edge of heel weight face.On probation with barefoot, wear socks, little decorative pattern soft sole.Dry earth is surveyed and is lifted trace, and slice is surveyed on wet soil ground, but will deduct 2 years old.Shown in Fig. 9 D.

5) the mark analysis method of stopping over

Stop over very anxious or step on, knock, the lateral separation of scratch, per 1 millimeter is equivalent to 1 years old.This kind method is applicable to 18-45 year scope.Shown in Fig. 9 E.

6) footprint plays pin point and half sole weight point analysis method

Mainly be to use footprint to play rule between pin point and the half sole weight point, namely go on foot wide, go on foot the angle rule of the impact of half sole weight point carried out.Concrete grammar is:

A) at first on footprint, make accurately walking figure.

B) do a payment to a porter with the walking line parallel by playing the pin point.

C) make a direction line that is parallel to two straight lines by the mid point between above-mentioned two straight lines again.

D) make exactly the traverse of half sole, with direction line joining be the O point.

E) find out exactly half sole weight point F point, then measure the O point to the distance between the F point.When O, F point overlaps, it is 30 years old baseline.When the F point O order inboard the time, the age was less than 30 years old.When the F point the O point when outside greater than 30 years old.The F point whenever departs from the O point with interior or 2 millimeters in addition, the footprint age can in subtract and add 1 years old.The method Blind Test accuracy rate (± 3 years old) is 77.8%.Shown in Fig. 9 F.

Five, use footprint image of the present invention and detect several line drawing methods that analytic system is calculated features such as sex, height, figure, ages.

1, the technique of painting of footprint center line is shown in Figure 10 A.

1) tangent line 1 at inboard half sole of picture and heel edge;

2) tangent line 2 at picture outside half sole and heel edge;

3) straight line of a crosscut half sole of picture gives 2 two lines of line 1 and line in the place, point of contact of half sole, such as line 3 mutually;

4) straight line of a crosscut heel of picture gives 2 two straight lines of line 1 and line to want to cut the place in heel mutually, and namely line 4;

5) click the center line button, according to the middle strokes and dots straight line of line 3 and line 4, this line is exactly center line 5.

2, sole line, shown in Figure 10 B:

1) wear the footwear situation, sole line 6 is that the shoes paracone is to the air line distance of heel.

2) barefoot situation, sole line 6 adds the position of (1～1.5 centimetre) to the air line distance of heel edge position from big toe.

3, traverse, shown in Figure 10 C:

Must finish first the sole line when 1) drawing traverse 7.

2) traverse 7 needs to select the sole type.

3) click traverse 7 buttons, can automatically draw traverse 7 according to formula.

4, barefoot line is such as figure

1) wear the footwear situation, the footwear paracone goes out to subtract 1～1.5 centimeters and draws straight line to the heel edge, i.e. barefoot line 8.

2) barefoot situation, the straight line from tiptoe edge to heel rim, i.e. barefoot line 8.

5,30 years old datum line, shown in Figure 10 E:

Must finish first the sole line when 1) drawing 30 years old line 9.

2) click 30 years old line 9 button, automatically draw the position of 30 years old line.

6, heel costa, shown in Figure 10 F:

The straight line that the upper edge of selecting the outer lateral wearing of heel of a shoe to go out vertically goes out to the heel lower limb is heel costa 10.

The above is preferred embodiment of the present invention only, is not for limiting protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. the Plane Footprint based on image processing techniques detects analytic system, comprise source Plane Footprint image, it is characterized in that, also comprise image processing subsystem, be used for described source Plane Footprint image is extracted depth information, and generate the objective plane footprint image that carries depth information; Described image processing subsystem specifically comprises 64 central point conversion CEC64 processing modules, every view data intermediate value PEDM processing module, F1 mathematical image model M ATPIC-F1 processing module and E1-pixel center point conversion PIXCC-E1 processing module; Wherein,

Described CEC64 processing module is used for described source Plane Footprint image is processed into two-value data, finds the edge of footprint, determines the information of foot print position, size;

Described PEDM processing module, view data after being used for processing through described CEC64 is carried out convolution algorithm, make it generate 64 parts of two-dimensional image datas, thereby from the view data in footprint zone, obtain 64 grades of gradation datas, and every grade gradation data is stored in the database with the dot matrix arrangement mode;

Described MATPIC-F1 processing module, be used for described 64 parts of two-dimensional image datas are carried out further deconsolidation process by matrix algorithms to source Plane Footprint image, generate treated two-dimensional image data, then every DBMS is further processed, calculate and overlap and repeat maximum dot matrix zones, and from described 64 grades of gradation datas, on average overlapped and repeat maximum zones, further determine the weight face of footprint and the data of footprint surface of contact; And

Described PIXCC-E1 processing module, being used for using the PIXCC-E1 pixel data to carry out amalgamation by the average data that overlap the zone that described MATPIC-F1 processing module obtains processes, after 64 grades of gradation datas that obtain are carried out disposable covering amalgamation, generate the objective plane footprint image.

2, the Plane Footprint based on image processing techniques according to claim 1 detects analytic system, it is characterized in that, described Plane Footprint detects analytic system and further comprises the auxiliary process subsystem, be used for assisting described image processing subsystem that the source Plane Footprint image of processing procedure is carried out the amalgamation of Plane Footprint image, then generate the objective plane footprint image, and can be analyzed this objective plane footprint image, further manifest weight face, wear surface, gait feature and the image characteristics of stopping over of footprint.

3, the Plane Footprint based on image processing techniques according to claim 2 detects analytic system, it is characterized in that, described PIXCC-E1 processing module adopts Kalman filtering algorithm that 64 grades of gradation datas that obtain are carried out amalgamation, with clutter and the noise in the view data of the objective plane footprint image of eliminating final generation.

4, according to claim 1 each described Plane Footprint based on image processing techniques detects analytic system～3, it is characterized in that described source Plane Footprint image need convert first the BMP bitmap format to before described image processing subsystem is processed.

5, according to claim 1 each described Plane Footprint based on image processing techniques detects analytic system～2, it is characterized in that described objective plane footprint image is the BMP bitmap format.

6, a kind of Plane Footprint determination method based on image processing techniques is characterized in that the method comprises the steps:

A, open source Plane Footprint image file, it is loaded on Plane Footprint detects analytic system;

B, utilize the CEC64 processing module that described source Plane Footprint image file is processed into two-value data, find the edge of footprint, determine the information of foot print position, size;

C, then utilize the PEDM processing module that the view data after processing through described CEC64 processing module is carried out convolution algorithm, make it generate 64 parts of two-dimensional image datas, thereby from the view data in footprint zone, obtain 64 grades of gradation datas, and every grade gradation data is stored in the database with the dot matrix arrangement mode;

D, recycling MATPIC-F1 processing module, described 64 parts of two-dimensional image datas are carried out further deconsolidation process by matrix algorithms to source Plane Footprint image, generate treated two-dimensional image data, then every DBMS is further processed, calculate and overlap and repeat maximum dot matrix zones, and from described 64 grades of gradation datas, on average overlapped and repeat maximum zones, with the weight face of definite footprint and the data of footprint surface of contact; And

E, last, utilize the PIXCC-E1 processing module, to use the PIXCC-E1 pixel data to carry out amalgamation by the average data that overlap the zone that described MATPIC-F1 processing module obtains processes, after 64 grades of gradation datas that recycling obtains carry out disposable covering amalgamation, generate the objective plane footprint image.

7, the Plane Footprint determination method based on image processing techniques according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, the described source of steps A Plane Footprint image, before being loaded on described Plane Footprint detection analytic system, if this image file is extended formatting, must convert first the BMP bitmap format to.

8, the Plane Footprint determination method based on image processing techniques according to claim 6 is characterized in that, before described step B, further comprises:

Source Plane Footprint image to described BMP bitmap format carries out color identification, if its background color is of light color than footprint, then need carry out negative process, is converted into the footprint part than the light-colored feature of image background; Perhaps, described image transitions is become the footprint image part feature darker than background color.

9, according to claim 6 or 8 described Plane Footprint determination methods based on image processing techniques, it is characterized in that, after the source Plane Footprint image to described BMP bitmap format carries out the color identifying processing, further comprise described source Plane Footprint image carried out pretreated step:

Then set variable k and setting pretreatment deep level n carry out the image processing of step B～step e to above-mentioned source Plane Footprint image respectively; Wherein, N=1,2 or 3.

10, the Plane Footprint determination method based on image processing techniques according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, further comprise after the step D: described two-dimensional image data, described 64 grades of gradation datas are painted, so that clearer aberration and the zone of demonstrating.

11, the Plane Footprint determination method based on image processing techniques according to claim 6 is characterized in that, adopts Kalman filtering algorithm that 64 grades of gradation datas that obtain are carried out amalgamation in the described step e.

12, the Plane Footprint determination method based on image processing techniques according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the described objective plane footprint image of step e is the BMP bitmap format.

13, the Plane Footprint determination method based on image processing techniques according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described step e further comprises the amalgamation to the incomplete footprint in scene, comprises amalgamation, program automatic splicing and the docking splitting mode of multilayer figure layer.

14, the Plane Footprint determination method based on image processing techniques according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, after the described step e, further comprise the comparative analysis that described objective plane footprint image is comprised one or more modes in contrast, brightness, saturation degree, exposure, pseudo-color analysis, rim detection, the mark mark picture, from described view data, obtain to include the information in Plane Footprint image weight zone.

15, the Plane Footprint determination method based on image processing techniques according to claim 14, it is characterized in that, after processing through above-mentioned comparative analysis, output packet contains the probation report of specific targets of suspect's sex, height, figure, age, paces attitude.

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