CN102184085B - Optical binary carry adder - Google Patents
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- CN102184085B CN102184085B CN2011101369537A CN201110136953A CN102184085B CN 102184085 B CN102184085 B CN 102184085B CN 2011101369537 A CN2011101369537 A CN 2011101369537A CN 201110136953 A CN201110136953 A CN 201110136953A CN 102184085 B CN102184085 B CN 102184085B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an optical binary carry adder, which belongs to the technical field of optical adders. The optical binary carry adder is the adder which utilizes a coherent light beam as an information carrier and realizes calculation by utilizing the overlaying property of light and the interference formed by the optical path difference. The optical binary carry adder comprises six optical input elements, two optical output elements, five optical beam splitting slots, five optical beam gathering slots and three gate optical path elements. Compared with the traditional electronic adder, the optical binary carry adder has the advantages of higher calculation speed, lower power consumption and stronger expandability.
Description
Technical field
Optics binary carry totalizer belongs to the technical field of light totalizer.
Background technology
In the existing technology, the realization of totalizer is mainly with the signal carrier of electric signal, binary unit full add musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass (as shown in Figure 1) be input as A, B, Cin, wherein A, B participate in two inputs of calculating, Cin is last one carry; Be output as S, Cout, wherein S is one's own department or unit result of calculation, Cout is for getting into the carry of next bit.Account form is seen table 1:
Table 1
In optical digital calculates, use the carrier of coherent light beam as information.Coherent light beam can be used amplitude A, wavelength X, and polarization direction θ, and phase describes fully its state,
Use the complete fixedly list (λ is identical) of initial phase, and linearly polarized light ↑ (suppose it all is the y direction, promptly θ=90 are spent) with standard amplitude (suppose that A is 1) come expression information 1, do not had light intensity to represent information 0 with (φ all is 0).
In reality, the light beam that the single longitudinal mode polarization laser sends on a certain wave front, is promptly had the character of information 1.Therefore, experimentally, can use the single longitudinal mode polarization laser, have light to be 1, unglazedly be 0, have the switching rate of light between unglazed to be the dominant frequency of this computing element as light source.We utilize the superposability of light and the interference of optical path difference formation to realize calculating several kinds of optical elements below introducing below.
1, optical input element (as shown in Figure 2) light output element (as shown in Figure 3): in the traditional optical design, input signal can be obtained by the beam splitting of same laser instrument aplanatism.And in micronano optical, input and output can be realized by polarization fiber or waveguide, and the input from the upper end flexibly, lower end output.
2, light beam splitting groove (as shown in Figure 4): after each beam splitting, its phase information is constant, and it is original 1/2 that amplitude becomes, promptly originally be ↑ signal, become 1/2 ↑.
3, combiner groove (as shown in Figure 5): computing function is mainly undertaken by the combiner groove, i.e. coherence stack.Because the fluctuation transport property of light, its phase place are to change in the cycle with the wavelength on working direction, thus when wave front moved λ/2 apart from the time, its phase place becomes fully on the contrary, be ↓.If amplitude is identical, a branch of ↑ with ↓ superpose, because interfering, its undulatory property disappears mutually, the light intensity that shows is 0; When the two-beam optical path difference is the integral multiple of λ, the relevant enhancing then appears, and amplitude is 2.Show in the calculating, as shown in the table:
Table 2
Table 3
Therefore can find out, λ/2 odd optical path differences close bundle, provided one's own department or unit result of calculation of two numerical operations on the intensity, but phase place and disunity, with ↑ ↓ symbol representes.
In traditional optical, the beam splitting of light beam and close bundle and mainly realize by semi-transparent semi-reflecting, promptly the optical glass of a slice plated film is divided into two bundles with incident light in transmission and reflection direction; Perhaps the light of two bundles with 90 degree angle incidents is lumped together in projection and reflection direction.In the fiber optics and micronano optical of development in recent years,,, can realize the beam splitting of light beam and close bundle through bifurcated or crossing through the transmission mode of control two-way light in waveguide (light path of optical fiber or etching).This type of device has had comparatively ripe product, and we are mainly through etching SiO on silicon chip at present
2The light beam splitting groove of the light path that the mode of film realizes and combiner groove, promptly " groove " technology can use little processing mode such as electron beam exposure or ion beam etching to realize.
Optical waveguide can be divided into two types, and one type is solid, like optical fiber, and nano wire etc.; One type is hollow, like hollow optic fibre, and groove shape waveguide etc.Consider technological development in the future, then also might use nano wire, 2 D photon crystal etc. so just no longer are confined to " groove " technology as waveguide.Such as forming photonic crystal in the surface etch two-dimensional lattice, wherein reserve waveguide channels, y-type structure just forms beam splitting naturally and closes the device of bundle.Also can use the microprobe operation directly to put nano wire,, also just become the device that bundle is perhaps closed in a beam splitting the nano wire of certain size one-tenth y-type structure adjacent to each other.
The principle of searching to the bottom, beam splitting and to close Shu Qishi be the same thing is because light path is reversible, so they are with a kind of device.
4, doors light path element (as shown in Figure 6).The doors light path element has four ports, and a thicker end is a control end, two perpendicular ports be standard signal 1 ↑ input/output terminal, surplus next port is control output, temporarily gives it up, and can be used as the feedback monitoring if needed.The doors light path element only has response to the light intensity of control input, when the control input has the light time, no matter be ↑ or ↓, its central optical gates all can be opened, and lets 1 ↑ signal of standard amplitude pass through.Therefore, optical gates with irregular ↑ ↓ information of polarization unified for standard amplitude, ↑ signal of polarization, thereby kept 0,1 information.The major function of doors light path element is the shaping of signal phase intensity.
The doors light path element is the most key in this an adder designs device, and its corresponding speed and sensitivity all will influence the arithmetic speed and the error rate of totalizer.In the existing optical device technology, realize that the doors light path design is a challenge all the time.Like the nonlinear effect switch, plasma shutter etc., response speed is very fast, and is identical with light concussion frequency, but the light intensity that needs is very high.And in the micronano optical device, the surface plasma of micro-cavity structure, nano-metal particle etc. can be realized the function of optical switch equally.Not only can keep the advantage of response fast, also can the light intensity of regulation and control be dropped to the magnitude of single photon.Therefore, how using the nanofabrication technique design to realize the optical gates element, keep the sensitivity and stability of operation, is the focus of a nanocomposite optical developing direction all the time.
Existing in the world various optical switch designs (like waveguide, nano wire, metal quantum point or the like) though quality is respectively arranged, have tentatively possessed the blank that realizes this function.Like circular micro-cavity structure, the light of certain pattern is strapped within the microcavity, get into this system when controlling light, cause the kinetic property (like vibrating mode etc.) of structure that subtle change takes place, influence the state of chamber film, thereby picked up signal is exported.In this process, microcavity is in excited state (standard signal supply) all the time, and outside stimulus (control end) changes its chamber mould to reach moment coupling output (result after the integer).The similar miniature pulsed laser of its operational mode; At any time the excited state of population inversion, but do not have suitable pattern output makes its pattern moment reach coupling condition up to outside stimulus occurring; Be able to export a pulse, get into next circulation after energy discharges naturally.In general, such micro-cavity structure is if annulus then is SiO
2Surface etch is if the mushroom dish-type then belongs to the multiexposure, multiple exposure etching and uses the manufacture craft of ion beam modification of surfaces.
The concrete etching that realizes above-mentioned device is processed with a lot of modes, like electron beam exposure, and ion beam etching, photoetching or the like can reach our tens required nm order of magnitude precision requirements.With the 800nm wavelength is example, and the half-wavelength optical path difference requires at 400nm, and its machining precision is 40nm with 10% Error Calculation, even if this lower-cost little processing in enormous quantities of electron beam exposure also can meet the demands basically.The main flow wavelength period is 850nm, 1310nm and 1550nm in the optical communication of widespread use now, and therefore present micro fabrication not only can satisfy the processing request of this wave band, also can further be advanced to visible-range in the future.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to design one is the totalizer (as shown in Figure 7) of information carrier with light.It is based on uses the carrier of coherent light beam as information, makes its computing velocity than conditional electronic totalizer faster, and power consumption is lower, possesses wide extending space simultaneously.This invention breaks through traditional information carrier, has opened up new technical field, for more correlation technique is from now on laid a good foundation.
Optics binary carry totalizer is characterized in that, contains: 6 optical input element (I
1, I
2, I
3, I
4, I
5, I
6), 2 light output element (O
1, O
2), 5 light beam splitting groove (D
1, D
2, D
3, D
4, D
5), 5 combiner groove (C
1, C
2, C
3, C
4, C
5) and 3 doors light path element (S
1, S
2, S
3) form, the distance between said each element is integral multiple or the odd of half wavelength of a wavelength of used coherent light beam, wherein:
Said optical input element, light output element adopt polarization fiber or waveguide;
Said smooth beam splitting groove, combiner groove are a kind of SiO of being etched with
2Film is with beam splitting that realizes light path respectively or the silicon chip that closes bundle;
Said doors light path element is on the surface plasma of circular micro-cavity structure or nano-metal particle, to use nanofabrication technique to realize;
Wherein:
First optical input element I
1With first light beam splitting groove D
1Input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
Second optical input element I
2With second light beam splitting groove D
2Input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
The 3rd optical input element I
3With the 3rd light beam splitting groove D
3Input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
The 4th optical input element I
4With first doors light path element S
1Input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
The 5th optical input element I
5With second doors light path element S
2Input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
The 6th optical input element I
6With the 3rd doors light path element S
3Input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
First light beam splitting groove D
1First output terminal and first combiner groove C
1First input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light, and this first light beam splitting groove D
1Second output terminal and second combiner groove C
2Second input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
Second light beam splitting groove D
2First output terminal and first combiner groove C
1Second input end link to each other, distance is the odd of the half wavelength of coherent light, and this second light beam splitting groove D
2Second output terminal and second combiner groove C
2First input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
The 3rd light beam splitting groove D
3First output terminal and the 3rd combiner groove C
3Second input end link to each other, distance is the odd of the half wavelength of coherent light, and the 3rd light beam splitting groove D
3Second output terminal and the 4th combiner groove C
4First input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
The 4th light beam splitting groove D
4Input end and first doors light path element S
1Output terminal link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light, and the 4th light beam splitting groove D
4An output terminal and said the 3rd combiner groove C
3First input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
The 5th light beam splitting groove D
5Input end and second doors light path element S
2Output terminal link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light, and the 5th light beam splitting groove D
5First output terminal and the 5th combiner groove C
5Second input end link to each other, distance is the odd of the half wavelength of coherent light, and the 5th light beam splitting groove D
5Second output terminal and the 3rd doors light path element S
3Control end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
First combiner groove C
1Output terminal and said first doors light path element S
1Control end link to each other, distance is arbitrarily;
Second combiner groove C
2Output terminal and said the 4th combiner groove C
4Second input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
The 3rd combiner groove C
3Output terminal and said second doors light path element S
2Control end link to each other, distance is arbitrarily;
The 4th combiner groove C
4Output terminal and said the 5th combiner groove C
5First input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
The 5th combiner groove C
5Output terminal and first light output element O
1Link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
The 3rd doors light path element S
3Output terminal and second light output element O
2Link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
Said optics binary carry totalizer is used the carrier of coherent light beam as information, has light to be 1, unglazedly is 0, and light source is the single longitudinal mode polarization laser;
Said smooth beam splitting groove is after each beam splitting, and its phase information is constant, and amplitude becomes original half the;
Said combiner groove carries out coherence stack:
If: the amplitude of two bundle input beams is identical, but phase place is opposite on the longitudinal axis, and then output intensity is 0;
If: the amplitude of two bundle input beams is identical, and optical path difference is the integral multiple of wavelength X, then relevant the enhancing.
The present invention has following characteristics:
1, realized the totalizer of pure optics.In the design of this invention, all elements all are optical elements, have avoided the introducing of any electricity component.
2, the signal switching rate is high, and computing velocity is fast.The repetition frequency of the existing ultrafast laser in the world can reach the GHz scope, and therefore in lab investigation with good conditionsi, this device expection can reach the computing velocity of GHz.From the response time consideration, the pulsewidth of ultrafast laser can reach the 5-20fs magnitude, so the corresponding speed theory of this device can reach the fs magnitude.
3, each element responds speed is fast, highly sensitive, and the computing relay time is short.The doors light path element of most critical is accomplished by surface plasma bulk effect or nonlinear optical effect in the optical element, and therefore its response speed is suitable with light concussion frequency.And signal between element with light velocity propagation, so the Theoretical Calculation of this invention is about 1E-13s time delay.
4, low in energy consumption.Because all elements all are optical elements, so the power consumption almost of whole calculating process is zero.
5, expand space greatly.The calculating owing to can effectively not superpose between the different optical wavelength is so same device can obtain the concurrent operation ability of different wave length.Such as, what carry out here is the calculating of linear polarization single-phase, and chooses different bandwidth between the out of phase, can obtain the ability of concurrent operation equally.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: binary unit full add musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass synoptic diagram in the conditional electronic.
Fig. 2: optical input element.
Fig. 3: light output element.
Fig. 4: light beam splitting groove.
Fig. 5: combiner groove.
Fig. 6: doors light path element.
Fig. 7: the interference that utilizes superposability and the optical path difference of light to form realizes the light path design calculated.
Fig. 8: the calculating process figure of optics binary carry totalizer.
Embodiment
The present invention be with coherent light beam as information carrier, the interference that utilizes superposability and the optical path difference of light to form realizes calculating;
Characteristic of the present invention is again:
It is made up of 6 optical input elements, 2 light output elements, 5 light beam splitting grooves, 5 combiner grooves and 3 doors light path elements;
Distance between the above-described element is integral multiple or the odd of half wavelength of a wavelength of used coherent light beam.
Characteristic of the present invention also is:
Optical input element I
1With light beam splitting groove D
1Input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
Optical input element I
2With light beam splitting groove D
2Input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
Optical input element I
3With light beam splitting groove D
3Input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
Optical input element I
4With doors light path element S
1Input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
Optical input element I
5With doors light path element S
2Input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
Optical input element I
6With doors light path element S
3Input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
Light beam splitting groove D
1Output terminal respectively with combiner groove C
1, C
2Input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light respectively;
Light beam splitting groove D
2Output terminal respectively with combiner groove C
1, C
2Input end link to each other, distance is respectively odd and the integral multiple of a wavelength of the half wavelength of coherent light;
Light beam splitting groove D
2Output terminal respectively with combiner groove C
3, C
4Input end link to each other, distance is respectively odd and the integral multiple of a wavelength of the half wavelength of coherent light;
Light beam splitting groove D
4Input end and doors light path element S
1Output terminal link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light, output terminal and combiner groove C
3Input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
Light beam splitting groove D
5Input end and doors light path element S
2Output terminal link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light, output terminal respectively with combiner groove C
5Input end and doors light path element S
3Control end link to each other, distance is respectively odd and the integral multiple of a wavelength of the half wavelength of coherent light;
Combiner groove C
1Output terminal and doors light path element S
1Control end link to each other, distance is arbitrarily;
Combiner groove C
2Output terminal and combiner groove C
4Input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
Combiner groove C
3Output terminal and doors light path element S
2Control end link to each other, distance is arbitrarily;
Combiner groove C
4Output terminal and combiner groove C
5Input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
Combiner groove C
5Output terminal and light output element O
1Link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
Doors light path element S
3Output terminal and light output element O
2Link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light.
The various optical device that this optics binary carry totalizer is based on above description design on the ripe basis of moulding gradually.
As shown in Figure 8, at first, x
0, y
0, c
0The input after carry out beam splitting respectively, become two the bundle 1/2 ↑.The part that each branch is downward is carried out simple aplanatism and is closed bundle, carries out x earlier
0And y
0Close bundle, again and c
0Closing bundle, its result will become 3/2 ↑.
x
0, y
0The light beam of second half beam splitting that makes progress carry out λ/2 and close bundle, its result is one's own department or unit intensity results, comprised ↑ ↓ polarization.It is used the shaping of doors light path element, the output result be standard amplitude ↑ polarization, again its beam splitting is made its strength retrogression 1/2, so that and c
0First light beam carry out computing.Same this computing uses λ/2 to close bundle, obtain one's own department or unit ↑ ↓ computing, same shaping it.What so far obtain is the operation result at one's own department or unit.
For carry result's intensity is adjusted, need further to calculate.With the beam splitting as a result of the optical gates shaping second time, half is used for shaping again, obtains one's own department or unit operation result s
0Second half with just now 3/2 ↑ carry out λ/2 to close bundle, 3/2 ↑+1/2 ↓=1 ↑, therefore what obtain here is carry operation result c
1
Total reckoner is following:
Table 4
Claims (1)
1. optics binary carry totalizer is characterized in that, contains: 6 optical input element (I
1, I
2, I
3, I
4, I
5, I
6), 2 light output element (O
1, O
2), 5 light beam splitting groove (D
1, D
2, D
3, D
4, D
5), 5 combiner groove (C
1, C
2, C
3, C
4, C
5) and 3 doors light path element (S
1, S
2, S
3) form, the distance between said each element is integral multiple or the odd of half wavelength of a wavelength of used coherent light beam, wherein:
Said optical input element, light output element adopt polarization fiber or waveguide;
Said smooth beam splitting groove, combiner groove are a kind of SiO of being etched with
2Film is with beam splitting that realizes light path respectively or the silicon chip that closes bundle;
Said doors light path element is on the surface plasma of circular micro-cavity structure or nano-metal particle, to use nanofabrication technique to realize;
Wherein:
First optical input element (I
1) and first light beam splitting groove (D
1) input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
Second optical input element (I
2) and second light beam splitting groove (D
2) input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
The 3rd optical input element (I
3) and the 3rd light beam splitting groove (D
3) input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
The 4th optical input element (I
4) and first doors light path element (S
1) input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
The 5th optical input element (I
5) and second doors light path element (S
2) input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
The 6th optical input element (I
6) and the 3rd doors light path element (S
3) input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
First light beam splitting groove (D
1) first output terminal and first combiner groove (C
1) first input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light, and this first light beam splitting groove (D
1) second output terminal and second combiner groove (C
2) second input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
Second light beam splitting groove (D
2) first output terminal and first combiner groove (C
1) second input end link to each other, distance is the odd of the half wavelength of coherent light, and this second light beam splitting groove (D
2) second output terminal and second combiner groove (C
2) first input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
The 3rd light beam splitting groove (D
3) first output terminal and the 3rd combiner groove (C
3) second input end link to each other, distance is the odd of the half wavelength of coherent light, and the 3rd light beam splitting groove (D
3) second output terminal and the 4th combiner groove (C
4) first input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
The 4th light beam splitting groove (D
4) input end and first doors light path element (S
1) output terminal link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light, and the 4th light beam splitting groove (D
4) an output terminal and said the 3rd combiner groove (C
3) first input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
The 5th light beam splitting groove (D
5) input end and second doors light path element (S
2) output terminal link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light, and the 5th light beam splitting groove (D
5) first output terminal and the 5th combiner groove (C
5) second input end link to each other, distance is the odd of the half wavelength of coherent light, and the 5th light beam splitting groove (D
5) second output terminal and the 3rd doors light path element (S
3) control end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
First combiner groove (C
1) output terminal and said first doors light path element (S
1) control end link to each other, distance is arbitrarily;
Second combiner groove (C
2) output terminal and said the 4th combiner groove (C
4) second input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
The 3rd combiner groove (C
3) output terminal and said second doors light path element (S
2) control end link to each other, distance is arbitrarily;
The 4th combiner groove (C
4) output terminal and said the 5th combiner groove (C
5) first input end link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
The 5th combiner groove (C
5) output terminal and first light output element (O
1) link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
The 3rd doors light path element (S
3) output terminal and second light output element (O
2) link to each other, distance is the integral multiple of a wavelength of coherent light;
Said optics binary carry totalizer is used the carrier of coherent light beam as information, has light to be 1, unglazedly is 0, and light source is the single longitudinal mode polarization laser;
Said smooth beam splitting groove is after each beam splitting, and its phase information is constant, and amplitude becomes original half the;
Said combiner groove carries out coherence stack:
If: the amplitude of two bundle input beams is identical, but phase place is opposite on the longitudinal axis, and then output intensity is 0;
If: the amplitude of two bundle input beams is identical, and optical path difference is the integral multiple of wavelength X, then relevant the enhancing.
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| CN102520904B (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2014-07-23 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Binary optical adder based on micro-ring resonators |
| CN105051598B (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2018-05-29 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of optical numerical value full adder, the full adding method of optical numerical value and device |
| RU2662248C1 (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2018-07-25 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Ростовский государственный экономический университет (РИНХ)" | Optical nano-half adder |
| CN107357550B (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2019-12-03 | 清华大学 | A kind of optics binary half-adder and preparation method |
| CN112505977B (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2023-01-10 | 江苏泛锐思智能技术有限公司 | Optical waveguide adder |
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| CN102184085A (en) | 2011-09-14 |
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