CN102182414A - Deep-sea sediment core pressure-maintaining device matched with submarine drilling rig and method for using deep-sea sediment core pressure-maintaining device - Google Patents
Deep-sea sediment core pressure-maintaining device matched with submarine drilling rig and method for using deep-sea sediment core pressure-maintaining device Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种和海底钻机配套的深海沉积物岩心保压装置及其使用方法。它包括上密封盖、金属空心钻杆、取样管、下密封盖；金属空心钻杆内设有取样管，金属空心钻杆通过细牙螺纹与上密封盖和下密封盖连接，上密封盖和下密封盖分别包括充气阀、顶盖、压力壳体、可膨胀气垫、O形圈，压力壳体内设有顶盖、可膨胀气垫，压力壳体与顶盖、可膨胀气垫之间设有O形圈，顶盖上设有充气阀。本发明与水下钻机配套使用，能使深海沉积物从海底提取到海面的过程保持原位压力，并保证甲烷等烃类气体不散失，水合物不融化。本发明适合于使用水下钻机队海洋沉积物的钻探取芯，将能广泛应用于海洋资源勘查，尤其是水合物和深水油气资源。
The invention discloses a deep-sea sediment core pressure maintaining device matched with a seabed drilling rig and an application method thereof. It includes an upper sealing cover, a metal hollow drill pipe, a sampling tube, and a lower sealing cover; the metal hollow drill pipe is provided with a sampling tube, and the metal hollow drill pipe is connected with the upper sealing cover and the lower sealing cover through a fine thread, the upper sealing cover and the lower sealing cover. The lower sealing cover respectively includes an inflation valve, a top cover, a pressure shell, an inflatable air cushion, and an O-ring. The pressure shell is provided with a top cover, an inflatable air cushion, and an O ring is arranged between the pressure shell, the top cover, and the inflatable air cushion. Shaped ring, the top cover is provided with an inflation valve. The invention is matched with an underwater drilling rig, and can maintain in-situ pressure in the process of extracting deep-sea sediments from the seabed to the sea surface, and ensure that methane and other hydrocarbon gases are not lost and hydrates are not melted. The invention is suitable for drilling and coring of marine sediments by underwater drilling rigs, and can be widely used in marine resource exploration, especially hydrate and deep-water oil and gas resources.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种和海底钻机配套的深海沉积物岩心保压装置及其使用方法。The invention relates to a deep-sea sediment core pressure-holding device matched with a seabed drilling rig and an application method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
对海底资源进行钻头取芯是海洋地质勘探的最终手段，也是获取地质储量的唯一手段。钻探取芯也是海洋工程地质调查的重要手段之一。使用大洋钻探船对海底进行钻探是目前海洋资源勘查的主要方式，但这种方式不够经济。海洋钻探船吨位大，消耗高。针对海底水合物资源调查，以及海洋工程地质调查的钻探深度一般进数十米至200米，这类钻探的发展趋势是使用通用型科考船搭载能在海底自主作业水下钻机进行钻探。为了解沉积物中是否有水合物，或者是烃渗漏，通常要求对深海沉积物岩心进行保压，即在岩心从海底提升到海面的过程中，使岩心保持海底压力不变，否则烃类气体会随压力降低而散发。以往的保压技术结构过于复杂，且自身重量大，而作为水下钻机母船的科考船通常吨位较小，甲板空间和吊车承重能力均十分有限。现有的保压技术不适合水下钻机岩心的保压。Drilling cores for seabed resources is the ultimate means of marine geological exploration and the only means of obtaining geological reserves. Drilling and coring is also one of the important means of marine engineering geological survey. Drilling the seabed with ocean drill ships is currently the main method for ocean resource exploration, but this method is not economical enough. Offshore drilling ships have large tonnage and high consumption. For the investigation of seabed hydrate resources and marine engineering geological survey, the drilling depth is generally tens of meters to 200 meters. The development trend of this type of drilling is to use general-purpose scientific research ships to carry underwater drilling rigs that can operate autonomously on the seabed. In order to know whether there is hydrate or hydrocarbon seepage in the sediment, it is usually required to maintain the pressure of the deep-sea sediment core, that is, to keep the seabed pressure of the core constant during the process of lifting the core from the seabed to the sea surface, otherwise the hydrocarbons will Gas will be released as the pressure is reduced. The structure of the previous pressure-holding technology is too complex and its own weight is heavy, while the scientific research ship, which is the mother ship of the underwater drilling rig, usually has a small tonnage, and the deck space and the load-bearing capacity of the crane are very limited. The existing pressure-holding technology is not suitable for the pressure-holding of underwater drilling rig cores.
针对使用水下钻机进行海底资源勘探和工程勘探的需求提出了本发明。The invention is proposed aiming at the requirement of using an underwater drilling rig to carry out seabed resource exploration and engineering exploration.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足，提供一种和海底钻机配套的深海沉积物岩心保压装置及其使用方法。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a deep-sea sediment core pressure maintaining device and its application method matched with the seabed drilling rig.
和海底钻机配套的深海沉积物岩心保压装置包括上密封盖、金属空心钻杆、取样管、下密封盖；金属空心钻杆内设有取样管，金属空心钻杆通过细牙螺纹与上密封盖和下密封盖连接，上密封盖和下密封盖分别包括充气阀、顶盖、压力壳体、可膨胀气垫、O形圈，压力壳体内设有顶盖、可膨胀气垫，压力壳体与顶盖、可膨胀气垫之间设有O形圈，顶盖上设有充气阀。The deep-sea sediment core pressure-holding device matched with the subsea drilling rig includes an upper sealing cover, a metal hollow drill pipe, a sampling tube, and a lower sealing cover; The cover is connected with the lower sealing cover. The upper sealing cover and the lower sealing cover respectively include an inflation valve, a top cover, a pressure shell, an inflatable air cushion, and an O-ring. The pressure shell is provided with a top cover, an inflatable air cushion, and the pressure shell and An O-ring is arranged between the top cover and the expandable air cushion, and an inflation valve is arranged on the top cover.
所述的金属空心钻杆的内径为40～200毫米，壁厚5～20毫米，单节长度2至3米，金属空心钻杆上端为外螺纹、下端为内螺纹。The inner diameter of the metal hollow drill pipe is 40-200 mm, the wall thickness is 5-20 mm, and the length of a single section is 2-3 meters. The upper end of the metal hollow drill pipe is an external thread, and the lower end is an internal thread.
所述的取样管为薄壁管材，其外径、长度与金属空心钻杆的内径匹配，壁厚不超过5毫米。The sampling pipe is a thin-walled pipe, its outer diameter and length match the inner diameter of the metal hollow drill pipe, and its wall thickness is no more than 5 mm.
和海底钻机配套的深海沉积物岩心保压装置的使用方法的步骤如下：The steps of using the deep-sea sediment core pressure-holding device matched with the subsea drilling rig are as follows:
1）根据水深按如下经验公式计算上密封盖和下密封盖所需的预充气体压力，通过专用充气工具，向上密封盖和下密封盖内可膨胀气垫充氮气或空气，可膨胀气垫外顶，经验公式为：Pi/Pb=1.7×103×Pb+0.018，Pi是气垫预充气体的压力，Pb是海底压力，单位均为MPa；1) According to the water depth, calculate the pre-inflated gas pressure required by the upper sealing cover and the lower sealing cover according to the following empirical formula, and use the special inflation tool to fill the expandable air cushion in the upper sealing cover and the lower sealing cover with nitrogen or air, and the outer top of the expandable air cushion , the empirical formula is: P i /P b =1.7×10 3 ×P b +0.018, P i is the pressure of the air cushion pre-inflated body, P b is the seabed pressure, and the unit is MPa;
2）海底钻机从海面到达海底后，上密封盖和下密封盖内可膨胀气垫受海水压缩，体积减至最小，可膨胀气垫贴近上密封盖和下密封盖；2) After the subsea drilling rig reaches the seabed from the sea surface, the expandable air cushions in the upper sealing cover and the lower sealing cover are compressed by the sea water, and the volume is minimized, and the expandable air cushion is close to the upper sealing cover and the lower sealing cover;
3）将充满样品的取样管逐一提升至井口暂放钻探完成后，金属空心钻杆逐一被拔出，每拔出一根，即将一节充满样品的取样管放入其中，并在金属空心钻杆两端拧入上密封盖和下密封盖；3) Lift the sampling tubes filled with samples one by one to the wellhead for temporary release. After the drilling is completed, the metal hollow drill pipes are pulled out one by one. Each time one is pulled out, a section of sampling tubes full of samples is put into it, and the metal hollow drill pipes are put into it. Both ends of the rod are screwed into the upper sealing cover and the lower sealing cover;
4）钻机从海底提升到海面时，容有样品和取样管的金属空心钻杆因海水温度增高，外压降低而膨胀，所形成的压降由上密封盖和下密封盖附设的可膨胀气垫内的压缩氮气或空气平衡，维持内压稳定，实现保压功能。4) When the drilling rig is lifted from the seabed to the sea surface, the metal hollow drill pipe containing samples and sampling pipes expands due to the increase of seawater temperature and the decrease of external pressure, and the pressure drop formed is controlled by the expandable air cushion attached to the upper sealing cover and the lower sealing cover. The compressed nitrogen or air inside is balanced to maintain the stability of the internal pressure and realize the function of maintaining pressure.
本发明与水下钻机配套使用，能使深海沉积物从海底提取到海面的过程保持原位压力，并保证甲烷等烃类气体不散失，水合物不融化。本发明适合于使用水下钻机队海洋沉积物的钻探取芯，将能广泛应用于海洋资源勘查，尤其是水合物和深水油气资源，也适合于大型石油平台选址过程的工程地质勘探钻探取芯。The invention is matched with an underwater drilling rig, and can maintain in-situ pressure in the process of extracting deep-sea sediments from the seabed to the sea surface, and ensure that methane and other hydrocarbon gases are not lost and hydrates are not melted. The invention is suitable for drilling and coring of marine sediments by underwater drilling rigs, and can be widely used in the exploration of marine resources, especially hydrates and deep water oil and gas resources, and is also suitable for engineering geological exploration and drilling in the process of site selection for large oil platforms. core.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为和海底钻机配套的深海沉积物岩心保压方案结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a deep-sea sediment core pressure-holding scheme supporting a seabed drilling rig;
图2为本发明的上密封盖结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the upper sealing cover of the present invention;
图3为本发明的下密封盖结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the lower sealing cover of the present invention;
图中：上密封盖1、金属空心钻杆2、取样管3、下密封盖4、充气阀5、顶盖6、压力壳体7、可膨胀气垫8、O形圈9。。In the figure:
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1、2、3所示，和海底钻机配套的深海沉积物岩心保压装置包括上密封盖1、金属空心钻杆2、取样管3、下密封盖4；金属空心钻杆2内设有取样管3，金属空心钻杆2通过细牙螺纹与上密封盖1和下密封盖4连接，上密封盖和下密封盖分别包括充气阀5、顶盖6、压力壳体7、可膨胀气垫8、O形圈9，压力壳体7内设有顶盖6、可膨胀气垫8，压力壳体7与顶盖6、可膨胀气垫8之间设有O形圈9，顶盖6上设有充气阀5。As shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3, the deep-sea sediment core pressure-holding device matched with the seabed drilling rig includes an
所述的金属空心钻杆2兼做保压筒，金属空心钻杆2的内径为40～200毫米，壁厚5～20毫米，单节长度2至3米，金属空心钻杆2上端为外螺纹、下端为内螺纹。当取样时，金属空心钻杆2逐节相连；取芯完成后，将充满样品的取样管3置入金属空心钻杆2内，金属空心钻杆2通过细牙螺纹与上密封盖1和下密封盖4连接，由O形圈9、上密封盖1和下密封盖4实现保压功能。The metal
所述的取样管3为薄壁管材，其外径、长度与金属空心钻杆(2)的内径匹配，壁厚不超过5毫米。The
和海底钻机配套的深海沉积物岩心保压装置的使用方法的步骤如下：The steps of using the deep-sea sediment core pressure-holding device matched with the subsea drilling rig are as follows:
1）根据水深按如下经验公式计算上密封盖1和下密封盖4所需的预充气体压力，通过专用充气工具，向上密封盖1和下密封盖4内可膨胀气垫8充氮气或空气，可膨胀气垫8外顶，经验公式为：Pi/Pb=1.7×103×Pb+0.018，Pi是气垫预充气体的压力，Pb是海底压力，单位均为MPa；1) According to the water depth, calculate the pre-inflated gas pressure required by the
2）海底钻机从海面到达海底后，上密封盖1和下密封盖4内可膨胀气垫8受海水压缩，体积减至最小，可膨胀气垫8贴近上密封盖1和下密封盖4，外侧有充气阀5，使用前将可膨胀气垫8预充氮气或空气；2) After the subsea drilling rig reaches the seabed from the sea surface, the
3）钻探过程使用绳索取芯技术，将充满样品的取样管3逐一提升至井口暂放钻探完成后，金属空心钻杆2逐一被拔出，每拔出一根，即将一节充满样品的取样管3放入其中，并在金属空心钻杆2两端拧入上密封盖1和下密封盖4，该过程借助程序控制的机械手完成；3) During the drilling process, wireline coring technology is used to lift the
4）钻机从海底提升到海面时，容有样品和取样管3的金属空心钻杆2因海水温度增高，外压降低而膨胀，所形成的压降由上密封盖1和下密封盖4附设的可膨胀气垫8内的压缩氮气或空气平衡，因此能够维持内压稳定，实现保压功能。4) When the drilling rig is lifted from the seabed to the sea surface, the metal
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| WO2020034360A1 (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2020-02-20 | 四川大学 | Constant-temperature and constant-pressure core preservation chamber |
| CN109552730A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-04-02 | 湖南科技大学 | A kind of fast packing box for dividing sample to save suitable for seabottom geology sample |
| CN109552730B (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2023-09-12 | 湖南科技大学 | Quick packaging box suitable for sub-sea geological sample divides appearance to preserve |
| CN111042757A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-21 | 山东大学 | Deep-sea electric drive drilling integrated clamping operation subsea crust sampling device |
| CN111911106A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-11-10 | 盾构及掘进技术国家重点实验室 | Fishing device for taking out shallow drilling core and using method thereof |
| CN112031689A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-12-04 | 中油国家油气钻井装备工程技术研究中心有限公司 | Protective cap storage and release mechanism for submarine drilling rig |
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| CN102182414B (en) | 2013-12-25 |
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