CN102178079B - Compound feed for wild carps - Google Patents
Compound feed for wild carps Download PDFInfo
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- CN102178079B CN102178079B CN2011100901926A CN201110090192A CN102178079B CN 102178079 B CN102178079 B CN 102178079B CN 2011100901926 A CN2011100901926 A CN 2011100901926A CN 201110090192 A CN201110090192 A CN 201110090192A CN 102178079 B CN102178079 B CN 102178079B
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- feed
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a compound feed for wild carps. Breeding experiments indicate that the compound feed for wild carps solves the problem that the artificially cultured wild carps are disadvantageous to natural wild products in terms of color, flavor and figure, namely the artificially cultured wild carps have dark body color, fat body figure and unnatural flavor, and that the compound feed for wild carps can retain the body figure and meat quality (property) of natural wild carps and promote the growth of the carps.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquaculture field, exactly is the mixed feed of a kind of wild carp.
Background technology
Heilongjiang Carp is the important economic indigenous fish species of Heilongjiang river, it is the initial population of carp, tens carp kinds of cultivation all form from wild carp differentiation and seed selection in the world at present, because the anti-adversities such as it is disease-resistant, cold-resistant are very strong, the survival rate of especially surviving the winter is higher, protein content and amino acid content are than other carp high (Yin Hongbin etc., 1999), for the northeast culture fishery provides good variety source.In recent years, wild carp becomes the principal item that the northerner likes the pond culture of food, under field conditions (factors), because good water space and abundant food resource, its body colour, the characteristics such as the bodily form and meat have obvious advantage, but propagate artificially under the condition, the carotenoid component content is few in the feed, in addition in the feed the trace element and some greases, the impact to a certain extent such as antioxidant and antibiotic, the color and luster of wild carp body and local flavor are far away from the wild product, it is dimmed body colour namely to occur, it is fat that the bodily form becomes, lose natural local flavor, reduced the commodity value of cultured fishes and the sales potential in market, brought economic loss to the culturist.So be present problem demanding prompt solution about its appearance characteristics and meat improve.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for propagating artificially under the condition, color and luster, local flavor and the bodily form of wild carp body are far away from the wild product, occur namely that body colour is dimmed, the bodily form becomes fat, loses the problem of natural local flavor, and provides a kind of natural wild carp outward appearance and meat (proterties) of can keeping can promote the mixed feed of growing.
The mixed feed of a kind of wild carp, its each component weight/% is: fish meal 48.62-51.5, fish oil 1.44, corn oil 1.43, Choline Chloride 0.36, vitamin premix 0.9, inorganic salts premix 1.8, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.45, lysine 0.23, methionine 0.35, wheat bran 5.2, inferior powder 31.4-32.6, rapeseed dregs 2.01-3.82, algin 0.25, spirulina 0.4-1.0, DL-carnitine 0.11-0.2, beauty's element red 0.5-1, globulin powder 0.8-2;
Preferred version is: red 0.6, the globulin powder 2 of fish meal 49.58, fish oil 1.44, corn oil 1.43, Choline Chloride 0.36, vitamin premix 0.9, inorganic salts premix 1.8, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.45, lysine 0.23, methionine 0.35, wheat bran 5.2, inferior powder 32.18, rapeseed dregs 2.68, algin 0.25, spirulina 0.4-1, DL-carnitine 0.15, beauty's element;
Weight/the % of another preferred version is: red 0.8, the globulin powder 1.2 of fish meal 50, fish oil 1.44, corn oil 1.43, Choline Chloride 0.36, vitamin premix 0.9, inorganic salts premix 1.8, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.45, lysine 0.23, methionine 0.35, wheat bran 5.2, inferior powder 31., rapeseed dregs 3.05, algin 0.25, spirulina 1, DL-carnitine 0.2, beauty's element;
Weight/the % of another preferred version is: red 1.0, the globulin powder 0.8 of fish meal 51.5, fish oil 1.44, corn oil 1.43, Choline Chloride 0.36, vitamin premix 0.9, inorganic salts premix 1.8, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.45, lysine 0.23, methionine 0.35, wheat bran 5.2, inferior powder 31.47, rapeseed dregs 2.01, algin 0.25, spirulina 0.7, DL-carnitine 0.11, beauty's element;
Weight/the % of another preferred version is: red 0.5, the globulin powder 1.5 of fish meal 48.62, fish oil 1.44, corn oil 1.43, Choline Chloride 0.36, vitamin premix 0.9, inorganic salts premix 1.8, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.45, lysine 0.23, methionine 0.35, wheat bran 5.2, inferior powder 32.6, rapeseed dregs 3.72, algin 0.25, spirulina 0.5, DL-carnitine 0.15, beauty's element;
Described vitamin premix (mg/kg feed): thiamine hydrochloride, 65; Riboflavin, 215; Folic acid, 16; Puridoxine hydrochloride, 42; Niacin, 815; Calcium pantothenate, 285; Inositol, 405; Biotin, 5; Vit E, 358; Vit B
12, 0.12; VitA, 1.1; Vit D
3, 0.06; Vit C, 250;
Described inorganic salts premix (g or mg/kg feed): epsom salt, 1.8g; Ironic citrate, 0.9g; White vitriol, 0.5g; Cupric sulfate pentahydrate, 7mg; Six water alchlors, 2.8mg; KI, 4.5mg; Sodium selenite, 0.3mg; Sulfuric acid monohydrate is violent, 5mg; CoCL2 6H2O, 3mg; Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 7.5g; Potassium chloride, 2.5g.
The mixed feed of a kind of wild carp provided by the invention, pass through raising experiment, the result shows, solved under the condition of propagating artificially, color and luster, local flavor and the bodily form of wild carp body are far away from the wild product, the problem that body colour is dimmed, the bodily form becomes fat, loses natural local flavor namely occurs, can keep natural wild carp outward appearance and meat (proterties) can promote again growth.
The specific embodiment
Mixed feed each component weight/% of embodiment 1 wild carp sees Table 1
Feed formula and the nutritional labeling (%) of table 1 test
Annotate: the 1 rope premix (mg/kg feed) of supporting one's family: thiamine hydrochloride, 65; Riboflavin, 215; Folic acid, 16; Puridoxine hydrochloride, 42; Niacin, 815; Calcium pantothenate, 285; Inositol, 405; Biotin, 5; Vit E, 358; Vit B
12, 0.12; VitA, 1.1; Vit D
3, 0.06; Vit C, 250.
2 inorganic salts premixes (g or mg/kg feed): epsom salt, 1.8g; Ironic citrate, 0.9g; White vitriol, 0.5g; Cupric sulfate pentahydrate, 7mg; Six water alchlors, 2.8mg; KI, 4.5mg; Sodium selenite, 0.3mg; Sulfuric acid monohydrate is violent, 5mg; CoCL2 6H2O, 3mg; Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 7.5g; Potassium chloride, 2.5g.
Embodiment 2 raising experiments
1) the test fish is from the age open country carp fingerling with a collection of artificial incubation.Support temporarily in indoor aquarium before the test, select stalwartness, uniform juvenile fish 1000 tails of specification; Put in the indoor aquarium and tame, the protein content of throwing something and feeding be 35% control group feed as the domestication feed, be satiated with food and throw something and feed, domestication 15d;
2) feeding experiment schedules to last 8w; According to 6 processed group of experimental design, every group of 3 repetitions, before on-test, stop the 1d that throws something and feeds, then select physically fit, the uniform wild carp fingerling of specification (16.81 ± 0.54g), put in a suitable place to breed at random in indoor aquarium, every case is put 30 tail fishes in a suitable place to breed, day rate of throwing something and feeding is the 2.5-4.0% of body weight, appropriately adjusts depending on fish body size, water temperature and the situation of ingesting;
3) throw something and feed every day twice (9:00,17:00), the residual bait of rear collection of throwing something and feeding, weigh, calculate food ration; The duration of test water temperature is 23-30 ℃, and pH is 7.1 ± 0.1, and dissolved oxygen is greater than 5.0mgL
-1, ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.4mgL
-1
The mensuration of embodiment 3 growths and body index
Raise 8w, the 24h that stops eating before the sampling, each repeats to weigh respectively.Calculate average life rate and specific growth rate (SGR) etc.Get in addition 9 tail fishes (every repetition 3 tail fishes) for every group, blot the moisture of fish body surface after, get the white muscle that side line is above, dorsal fin is following, measure its nutritional labeling.Body weight and the body of every group of each replication 10 tail are long, calculate coefficient of condition and dirty body ratio.Specifically be calculated as follows.
Average growth rate (%)=100% * (W
t-W
0)/W
0
Dirty body is than (VI)=internal organ quality (g) * 100/ quality of fishes (g)
Coefficient of condition (CF)=(W/L
3) * 100
I (g) is for taking in the dry weight of feed, W
0(g) and W
t(g) be the gross weight of first last fish body, t (d) is the fate of test, and it is long that W (g) and L (cm) are respectively body weight and the body of every tail fish.
Table 2 feed addictive is on the impact of wild carp growth performance
Annotate: indicate different lowercase persons in the table in the same column and represent group difference significantly (P＜0.05), following table together.
The impact of table 3 DIFFERENT FEED additive enantiomorph index
The mensuration of embodiment 4 fat metabolism indexs
When growth experiment finished, the test fish was got fish 10 tails after hungry one day at random from each feed group, take out anterior intestine (enteron aisle was anterior intestine from first inflection point in the past) and liver pancreas, and-20 ℃ of preservations are to be measured.
The preparation samples weighing of crude enzyme liquid, the high purity water homogenate of 10 times of volumes of adding, hold over night in 4 ℃ of refrigerators, 3000r.min
-1Centrifugal 10min gets supernatant as crude enzyme liquid, 4 ℃ of preservations, to be measured.In 24h, measure complete.
The mensuration of anterior intestine lipase active adopts polyvinyl alcohol olive oil emulsion Hydrolyze method to measure fatty specific activity of enzyme.A lipase is defined as than unit of activity: pH 7.0, in the time of 37 ± 1 ℃ insulation 10min, hydrolyzed fat produces the enzyme amount (biology department of Zhongshan University compile, 1979) of 1 μ g aliphatic acid in every mg zymoprotein.
The mensuration of liver pancreas fatty acid synthetase (FAS) is according to the method for (1985) such as Tian, in containing 1mmolL
-1The pH7.0 of EDTA, 0.1molL
-1KH
2P0
4-K
2HP0
4Carry out in the buffer solution, concentration of substrate is acetyl-CoA 6 μ molL
-1, malonyl CoA12 μ mol.L
-1, NADPH 37.5 μ molL
-1, volume 2mL bathes 5min in 37 ℃ of temperature, adds the 0.05mL supernatant and starts enzyme reaction, changes in the lower continuous monitoring absorbance of 340nm wavelength (1cm optical path), and every the 30s record once, the time is 3min.Calculate per minute absorbance changing value.The active unit of FAS is defined as the enzyme amount (Ug of every gram liver pancreas per minute oxidation 14nmol NADPH
-1).
Table 4 DIFFERENT FEED additive is on the impact of lipid metabolism enzyme
The mensuration of embodiment 5 and body colour index of correlation
During off-test, from every group of test, get 5 fishes, get skin of back and the tail fin at the same position of homonymy.Take by weighing 1g left and right sides sample, with 67mmol/L, the freezing homogenate of pH 6.8 phosphate buffers, the centrifugal 25min of homogenate 8000r/min on refrigerated centrifuge got supernatant as crude enzyme liquid, is used for measuring wherein tyrosinase vigor in 1: 5 ratio.Other gets a part-20 ℃ preservation, is used for measuring its total carotinoid content.
The mensuration of tyrosinase vigor is revised with reference to (1999) methods such as the beautiful front yards of fourth in the mensuration skin of tyrosinase vigor and the tail fin, get 3mg/mL L-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine 0.5mL, the 2mL tyrosinase crude enzyme liquid that adds again 28 ℃ of preheatings, total reaction volume is 2.5mL, measure immediately OD value after the mixing under the room temperature in 721 spectrophotometer 475nm places, survey again absorbance behind the 10min, calculate Δ OD
475=Δ OD
10-Δ OD
0The tyrosinase vigor calculates according to the following equation: tyrosinase vigor (U)=Δ OD
475/ (0.001*V*T) (wherein V sample volume, T is the time).
The mensuration of carotenoid is revised with reference to (2005) methods such as Hui Baidi and is carried out.Accurately take by weighing the bright sample of about 1g in the brown volumetric flask of 25mL.Add the 7.5mL leaching liquor, beyond the Great Wall stopper and rotated jolting 1 minute.Add the 1mL40%KOH methanol solution in volumetric flask with pipette, rotation jolting 1min heats 20min with volumetric flask in 55.5 ℃ of water-baths, connect air condensation device to prevent solvent loss at the capacity bottleneck.The cooling sample allows it place 1 hour in the dark place.Add the 7.5mL n-hexane, rotation jolting 1 minute, with 10% metabisulfite solution constant volume, fierce jolting 1min.Behind dark place placement 1h, upper strata liquid is put into the 1cm cuvette, take n-hexane, acetone mixed liquor as blank (add a cover and prevent the acetone volatilization), under ultraviolet one visible spectrophotometer, scan in 300～800nm wave-length coverage, find out the residing wavelength of maximum absorption band, under this wavelength, measure the light absorption value of respectively organizing extract.
Total carotinoid content (mg/kg)=(AKV)/(EG)
A is absorbance in the formula; K is extension rate; V is extracting liquid volume; E is molar extinction coefficient; G is example weight.
Table 5 DIFFERENT FEED additive is on the impact of wild carp body colour
The mensuration of embodiment 7 white muscle collagens
With agitator tested muscle is rubbed, take by weighing 4g (being accurate to 0.001g) in conical flask.Add the 30mL concentrated sulfuric acid in flask, cover flask and in 105 ℃ of baking ovens, place 16h with surface plate.While hot hydrating solution is placed the 250mL volumetric flask, use repeatedly flush volume bottle of 10mL sulfuric acid, flushing liquor is added in the hydrolysate, be settled to scale with distilled water, mixing.The hydrolysate of pipette, extract certain volume is settled to scale with distilled water in the 250mL volumetric flask.Room temperature is placed, and pipettes this solution of 4.00mL in a tested test tube, adds 2.00mL chlorine ammonia T, shakes up rear in 20min.Add the 2.00mL developer, shake up and with plastic foil test tube is sealed afterwards, rapidly test tube is moved on in 60 ℃ the water-bath and be incubated 20min, then cooling test tube 3min at least places 30min under the room temperature under the running water that flows.Measure absorbance with the 10mm glass cuvette at 580nm ± 2nm place, deduct the absorbance of blank solution, the concentration that from calibration curve, can read hydroxyproline.Carry out simultaneously blank test, water replaces the muscle hydrolysate.
Collagen content=hydroxyproline content * 100/11 (hydroxyproline accounts for 11% in collagen)
Hydroxyproline content % (Wh) in the sample=6.25*C/ (M*V)
C is for to check in corresponding hydroxyproline concentration from calibration curve, μ g/mL
M gets quality, g for taking by weighing sample
V is the volume of liquid draw from the 250mL volumetric flask, mL
The mensuration of muscle amino acid
Method according to GB/T 14965-94 is measured.
Table 6 DIFFERENT FEED additive is on the impact of wild carp meat
Annotate: the unit of white muscle collagen is the % weight in wet base, and amino acid whose unit is the g/100g% weight in wet base
Table 7 DIFFERENT FEED additive is on the impact of wild carp white muscle nutritional labeling
Claims (5)
1. the mixed feed of a wild carp, it is characterized in that its each component weight/% is: fish meal 48.62-51.5, fish oil 1.44, corn oil 1.43, Choline Chloride 0.36, vitamin premix 0.9, inorganic salts premix 1.8, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.45, lysine 0.23, methionine 0.35, wheat bran 5.2, inferior powder 31.4-32.6, rapeseed dregs 2.01-3.82, algin 0.25, spirulina 0.4-1.0, DL-carnitine 0.11-0.2, beauty's element red 0.5-1, globulin powder 0.8-2.
2. the mixed feed of a kind of wild carp according to claim 1 is characterized in that: red 0.6, the globulin powder 2 of fish meal 49.58, fish oil 1.44, corn oil 1.43, Choline Chloride 0.36, vitamin premix 0.9, inorganic salts premix 1.8, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.45, lysine 0.23, methionine 0.35, wheat bran 5.2, inferior powder 32.18, rapeseed dregs 2.68, algin 0.25, spirulina 0.4, DL-carnitine 0.15, beauty's element.
3. the mixed feed of a kind of wild carp according to claim 1 is characterized in that: red 1.0, the globulin powder 0.8 of fish meal 51.5, fish oil 1.44, corn oil 1.43, Choline Chloride 0.36, vitamin premix 0.9, inorganic salts premix 1.8, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.45, lysine 0.23, methionine 0.35, wheat bran 5.2, inferior powder 31.47, rapeseed dregs 2.01, algin 0.25, spirulina 0.7, DL-carnitine 0.11, beauty's element.
4. the mixed feed of a kind of wild carp according to claim 1 is characterized in that: red 0.5, the globulin powder 1.5 of fish meal 48.62, fish oil 1.44, corn oil 1.43, Choline Chloride 0.36, vitamin premix 0.9, inorganic salts premix 1.8, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.45, lysine 0.23, methionine 0.35, wheat bran 5.2, inferior powder 32.6, rapeseed dregs 3.72, algin 0.25, spirulina 0.5, DL-carnitine 0.15, beauty's element.
5. according to claim 1, the mixed feeds of 2,3 or 4 described a kind of wild carps, it is characterized in that: described vitamin premix contains by every kilogram of feed: thiamine hydrochloride, 65mg; Riboflavin, 215 mg; Folic acid, 16 mg; Puridoxine hydrochloride, 42 mg; Niacin, 815 mg; Calcium pantothenate, 285 mg; Inositol, 405 mg; Biotin, 5 mg; Vit E, 358 mg; Vit B
12, 0.12 mg; Vit A, 1.1 mg; Vit D
3, 0.06 mg; Vit C, 250 mg; Described inorganic salts premix contains by every kilogram of feed: epsom salt, 1.8g; Ironic citrate, 0.9g; White vitriol, 0.5g; Cupric sulfate pentahydrate, 7mg; Six water alchlors, 2.8mg; KI, 4.5mg; Sodium selenite, 0.3mg; Manganese sulfate monohydrate, 5mg; CoCL2 6H2O, 3mg; Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 7.5g; Potassium chloride, 2.5g.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102524573B (en) * | 2012-01-06 | 2013-12-18 | 四川农业大学 | Feed additive for jian carp |
| CN102845596A (en) * | 2012-09-03 | 2013-01-02 | 杨高林 | Omnivorous fish feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN104381642B (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2017-08-22 | 南昌大学 | A kind of preparation method of adult fish of cyprinoid feed |
| CN104970268A (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2015-10-14 | 通威股份有限公司 | Fry and fingerling compound feed for leuciscus brandti dybowski |
| CN106665419B (en) * | 2016-11-26 | 2020-09-15 | 全椒县民族水产养殖专业合作社 | Zinc-rich catfish culture method |
| CN107197828A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-09-26 | 四川普莱美生物科技集团有限公司 | A kind of construction method of new osteoporosis model and the raising formula of use |
| CN107751647A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-03-06 | 福建天马科技集团股份有限公司 | A kind of mandarin fish postlarva mixed feed |
| CN107660660A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-02-06 | 福建天马科技集团股份有限公司 | A kind of mandarin fish is into carp compound feed |
| CN107821737A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-03-23 | 福建天马科技集团股份有限公司 | A kind of mandarin fish compound feed for young |
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| CN101991007A (en) * | 2009-08-13 | 2011-03-30 | 河南牧鹤(集团)饲料有限公司 | Low-protein carp feed and processing method |
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Inventor after: Wang Guiqin Inventor after: Zhang Yabin Inventor after: Lu Hongmei Inventor after: Du Xiaoyan Inventor after: Han Yutian Inventor after: Zheng Wei Inventor after: Niu Xiaotian Inventor after: Li Ziping Inventor after: Liu Yanhui Inventor before: Wang Guiqin Inventor before: Zhang Yabin Inventor before: Lu Hongmei Inventor before: Du Xiaoyan Inventor before: Han Yutian Inventor before: Zheng Wei Inventor before: Niu Xiaotian Inventor before: Li Ziping Inventor before: Liu Yanhui |
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Granted publication date: 20130313 Termination date: 20140412 |