CN102175829A - Method for detecting water toxicity by using biologic fish toxicity test - Google Patents
Method for detecting water toxicity by using biologic fish toxicity test Download PDFInfo
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- CN102175829A CN102175829A CN201110022430XA CN201110022430A CN102175829A CN 102175829 A CN102175829 A CN 102175829A CN 201110022430X A CN201110022430X A CN 201110022430XA CN 201110022430 A CN201110022430 A CN 201110022430A CN 102175829 A CN102175829 A CN 102175829A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting water toxicity by using a biologic fish toxicity test. The method comprises the steps of: breeding medakas; preparing Cr6+ solutions at different concentrations; performing the biologic fish toxicity test by taking standard water as a control group and Cr6+ solutions at different concentrations as test groups; detecting death rates of medakas after 24 hours, 48 hours, 78 hours and 96 hours; drawing a standard curve of Cr6+ to the death rate; performing the biologic fish toxicity test by using a water sample to be detected and setting up a standard water control group; detecting the death rates of medakas after 24 hours, 48 hours, 78 hours and 96 hours; substituting the corresponding standard curve; and representing the water toxicity of the water sample with Cr6+ concentration. Through the standard curve of Cr6+ to the death rate, the water toxicity is quantitatively evaluated and the water pollution condition can be judged; the method provides technical supports for sudden water pollution and a water treatment technology of a water plant; and the risk of causing human cancers by exposure of drinking water is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that adopts biological fish toxicity test detection water quality toxicity, the biological fish toxicity test that is specifically related to a kind of quantification detects the method for water quality toxicity.
Background technology
In order to ensure safe drinking water, reduce the threat that ecological deterioration brings to drinking water quality, people often adopt the whole bag of tricks that water quality is estimated, the health risk that causes with effective grasp potable water.
Biological fish toxicity test is one of classical synthetic biological toxicity evaluation method, comprise fish acute toxicity test and be the test that carrier is analyzed its physiological and biochemical index, grasp the pollution situation of water body by the indexs such as behavior, physiology, biochemical characteristics of observing the ichthyism symptom at any time and writing down fish with fish.The fish acute toxicity test is the test that is used for monitoring means the earliest, many noxious materials such as the acid in the water, alkali, salt, the lighter influences fish and breathes, and weight person is rotted fish skin, scale comes off, fin ray breakage, the flesh of fish become from bone, build variation, meat and smell as of rotten fish, and causes fish kills at last.Toxicity test of fishes is simple, be easy to get, directly perceived relatively, be applicable to the burst Pollution incident, existing at present corresponding biological fish toxicity instrument is applied on the early warning and monitoring of water quality.
Conventional biological fish toxicity test generally is that single noxious material is detected, and testing result is to be limited by the biological fish mortality ratio of section sometime, exists certain instability.Toxicant in the water is a lot, and to be that all noxious materials are overall cause water quality toxicity, if all toxicants in the water are carried out single detection, needs not only to determine that toxicant must do test many times, very trouble.Therefore, selecting the method for the overall toxicity of noxious material in a kind of expression water quality that can be accurate, clear and definite is a problem demanding prompt solution.But the sensitivity of pilot fish is not high, how to use it for the safety of drinking water evaluation, is a urgent problem yet.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above-mentioned deficiency, a kind of method of the biological fish toxicity test of employing detection water quality toxicity of detection water quality toxicity that can be quantitative is provided, this method is represented the toxicity that noxious material can produce in the water quality with the concentration of chromium ion, can reflect clearer and more definite, more directly perceived, more accurately that like this noxious material in the water quality to the size of human toxicity injury, more helps our the effective control to water pollution.
The present invention is achieved by the following measures:
The present invention is directed to traditional biological fish experimental technique and can not clearly, clearly reflect the problem of water quality toxicity, adopt toxicant chromium,, can realize the quantitative evaluation of water quality toxicity with the toxicity of chromium ion concentration reflection water quality as the standard poisonous substance.Selecting chromium ion is the reason of standard toxicant: select for use chromium ion as the standard toxicant, reason and the benefit selected are: hexavalent chromium is a kind of in World Health Organization's carcinogenic substance list, in drinking water sanitary standard, belong to the toxicity index, limit value is 0.05mg/L, and the limit value of different brackets is also arranged in water environment quality standard.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of method that adopts biological fish toxicity test detection water quality toxicity is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) selects medaka for the experiment fingerling, in the standard water identical, raise and train with water sample condition of water quality to be measured;
(2) adopt the standard water identical to prepare the Cr of variable concentrations with water sample condition of water quality to be measured
6+Solution;
(3) organize variable concentrations Cr in contrast with standard water
6+Solution carries out biological fish toxicity test simultaneously as test group, checks the mortality ratio of medaka behind 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h;
(4) with Cr
6+Concentration is horizontal ordinate, and mortality ratio is an ordinate, draws Cr
6+Typical curve to mortality ratio;
(5) carry out biological fish toxicity test with water sample to be measured, set up the standard water control group simultaneously, behind 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h, check the mortality ratio of medaka;
(6) with the mortality ratio substitution corresponding standard curve of the medaka of water sample to be measured, with Cr
6+Concentration is represented the water quality toxicity of this water sample.
In the said method, medaka was raised and train 7 days, in test beginning in preceding 1 day fasting.
In the said method, when carrying out the test of biological fish toxicity, medaka at least 10 tails in every group.
In the said method, calculating different Cr
6+When the medaka mortality ratio of concentration or the medaka mortality ratio of water sample to be measured, should deduct the medaka mortality ratio of control group, to guarantee result's accuracy, the error of avoiding natural death to cause.
In the said method, when chromium ion concentration and water sample to be measured being carried out biological fish toxicity test, 3 groups of parallel samples are set in every group of experiment, average.
In the said method, with potassium dichromate preparation chromium ion solution.
In the said method, organize in contrast when carrying out the test of biological fish toxicity with standard water, the mortality ratio of medaka all should guarantee to be lower than 10%, reselects fish and tests if be higher than 10%.
In the said method, the mortality ratio of medaka when raising and train should be lower than 10%, reselects fish and tests if be higher than 10%.
In the said method, when carrying out the test of biological fish toxicity, should guarantee experimental liquid in the condition of water quality (measuring pH, dissolved oxygen DO and temperature) of control group and test group and the experiment container to be tried substrate concentration constant, with death and the environmental relation of getting rid of biological fish, guarantee result's accuracy.
In the said method, described standard water is deionized water or the distilled water that does not have other impurity, and at the trial, conditions such as the temperature of adjustment criteria water, pH, dissolved oxygen DO are consistent itself and water sample to be measured.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: select Cr
6+For the standard toxicant, pass through Cr
6+The curve of mortality ratio is realized quantitative evaluation to water quality toxicity.Can make judgement to the water pollution situation,, reduce because potable water exposes the human carcinogenic risk that causes for the water technology of sudden water pollution and water factory provides support.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is Cr during 24h among the embodiment 1
6+Concentration is to the typical curve of medaka mortality ratio;
Fig. 2 is Cr during 48h among the embodiment 1
6+Concentration is to the typical curve of medaka mortality ratio;
Fig. 3 is Cr during 72h among the embodiment 1
6+Concentration is to the typical curve of medaka mortality ratio;
Fig. 4 is Cr during 96h among the embodiment 1
6+Concentration is to the typical curve of medaka mortality ratio.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment the present invention is further set forth, should be understood that, following explanation only is in order to explain the present invention, its content is not limited that concrete protection domain is seen claim.
Surface water to this city 0.04mg/L decis carries out the toxicity detection, and the condition of water quality of surface water is: pH is 8.07, and temperature is 25 ℃, dissolved oxygen DO 9mg/L, hardness 305 mg/L.
The detection step is:
(1) selective body length is the medaka (Medakafish between 2～3cm, Oryzias latipes), (standard water adopts distilled water or deionized water to prepare to be placed on the standard water with identical condition of water quality, its condition of water quality is consistent with surface water) in raise and train 7d, the mortality ratio that guarantees medaka during raising and train is lower than 10%, if be higher than 10% then change a collection of fish and raise and train again.1d begins fasting before the test;
(2) at Cr
6+Get 6 concentration point in the scope of concentration 0.5-50mg/L and carry out biological fish toxicity test respectively, the chromium ion concentration of these 5 concentration point is respectively 0.5 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 40mg/L, adopts potassium dichromate preparation Cr
6+Solution;
(3) organize variable concentrations Cr in contrast with standard water
6+Solution is as test group, carry out biological fish toxicity test simultaneously, each concentration point is established 3 parallel samples, and every group adds 15 tails experiment fish, check the mortality ratio of medaka behind 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h, duration of test keeps Cr in water quality pH, dissolved oxygen DO, temperature and the experiment container
6+Concentration is constant; During test, keep the mortality ratio of control group to be lower than 10%, test again if be higher than 10%;
(4) with Cr
6+Concentration is horizontal ordinate, and mortality ratio is an ordinate, draws (24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h) Cr under the different time
6+Concentration is to the typical curve of mortality ratio;
(5) water sample to be measured is established 3 parallel samples, each water sample adds 15 tails test fish.The mortality ratio of checking experiment fish behind 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h is with experimental result substitution Cr
6+Concentration is to the typical curve of mortality ratio, and the result is 7.48mg/L Cr for the 24h water quality toxicity
6+Toxic equivalent, 48h water quality toxicity are 8.53 mg/L Cr
6+Toxic equivalent, 72h water quality toxicity are 15.3 mg/L Cr
6+Toxic equivalent, 96h water quality toxicity are 41.84mg/L Cr
6+Toxic equivalent.Like this, just realized with Cr
6+Concentration is represented the water quality toxicity of this water sample, this expression mode is clearer, direct, accurate, the extent of injury that can let us be well understood to water quality toxic material, for the water technology of sudden water pollution and water factory provides support, reduce because potable water exposes the human carcinogenic risk that causes.
The tap water that this city is added 0.0625 mg/L ferric ion carries out the toxicity detection, and the condition of water quality of surface water is: pH is 8.15, and temperature is 25 ℃, dissolved oxygen DO 10mg/L, hardness 298 mg/L.
The detection step is:
(1) selective body length is the medaka (Medakafish between 2～3cm, Oryzias latipes), (standard water adopts distilled water or deionized water to prepare to be placed on the standard water with identical condition of water quality, its condition of water quality is consistent with surface water) in raise and train 7d, the mortality ratio that guarantees medaka during raising and train is lower than 10%, if be higher than 10% then change a collection of fish and raise and train again.1d begins fasting before the test;
(2) at Cr
6+Get 6 concentration point in the scope of concentration 0.5-50mg/L and carry out biological fish toxicity test respectively, the chromium ion concentration of these 5 concentration point is respectively 0.5 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 40mg/L;
(3) organize variable concentrations Cr in contrast with standard water
6+Solution is as test group, carry out biological fish toxicity test simultaneously, each concentration point is established 3 parallel samples, and every group adds 15 tails experiment fish, check the mortality ratio of medaka behind 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h, duration of test keeps Cr in water quality pH, dissolved oxygen DO, temperature and the experiment container
6+Concentration is constant; During test, keep the mortality ratio of control group to be lower than 10%, test again if be higher than 10%;
(4) with Cr
6+Concentration is horizontal ordinate, and mortality ratio is an ordinate, draws (24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h) Cr under the different time
6+Concentration is to the typical curve of mortality ratio;
(5) water sample to be measured is established 3 parallel samples, each water sample adds 15 tails test fish.The mortality ratio of checking experiment fish behind 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h is with experimental result substitution Cr
6+Concentration is to the curve of mortality ratio, and the result is 32.16mg/L Cr for the 24h water quality toxicity
6+Toxic equivalent, 48h water quality toxicity are 39.5 mg/L Cr
6+Toxic equivalent, 72h water quality toxicity are 40.59mg/L Cr
6+Toxic equivalent, 96h water quality toxicity are 41.84mg/L Cr
6+Toxic equivalent.Like this, just realized with Cr
6+Concentration is represented the water quality toxicity of this water sample, this expression mode is clearer, direct, accurate, the extent of injury that can let us be well understood to water quality toxic material, for the water technology of sudden water pollution and water factory provides support, reduce because potable water exposes the human carcinogenic risk that causes.
Embodiment 3
Method according to embodiment 1 is tested, and different is that used medaka is 20 tails during test.
Claims (10)
1. one kind is adopted biological fish toxicity test to detect the method for water quality toxicity, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) selects medaka for the experiment fingerling, in the standard water identical, raise and train with water sample condition of water quality to be measured;
(2) adopt the standard water identical to prepare the Cr of variable concentrations with water sample condition of water quality to be measured
6+Solution;
(3) organize variable concentrations Cr in contrast with standard water
6+Solution carries out biological fish toxicity test simultaneously as test group, checks the mortality ratio of medaka behind 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h;
(4) with Cr
6+Concentration is horizontal ordinate, and mortality ratio is an ordinate, draws Cr
6+Concentration is to the typical curve of mortality ratio;
(5) carry out biological fish toxicity test with water sample to be measured, set up the standard water control group simultaneously, behind 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h, check the mortality ratio of medaka;
(6) with the mortality ratio substitution corresponding standard curve of the medaka of water sample to be measured, with Cr
6+Concentration is represented the water quality toxicity of this water sample.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described standard water is deionized water or distilled water.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: medaka was raised and train 7 days, tested beginning fasting in preceding 1 day.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: when carrying out the test of biological fish toxicity, and medaka at least 10 tails in every group.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: calculating different Cr
6+When the medaka mortality ratio of concentration or the medaka mortality ratio of water sample to be measured, deduct the medaka mortality ratio of control group.
6. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: when chromium ion concentration and water sample to be measured being carried out biological fish toxicity test, 3 groups of parallel samples are set in every group of experiment, average.
7. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: with potassium dichromate preparation chromium ion solution.
8. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: organize in contrast when carrying out the test of biological fish toxicity with standard water, the mortality ratio of medaka is lower than 10%.
9. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the mortality ratio of medaka when raising and train is lower than 10%.
10. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: when carrying out the test of biological fish toxicity, guarantee that the condition of water quality of control group and test group is constant.
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103018419A (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2013-04-03 | 南京大学 | Method for determining risk of toxic pollutants in river water of high content of sand |
| CN104833784A (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2015-08-12 | 山东建筑大学 | Method for determining biotoxicity of water quality based on zebrafish movement velocity change |
| CN104849425A (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2015-08-19 | 山东建筑大学 | Method for determining water quality biotoxicity |
| CN105891436A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-08-24 | 福建医科大学 | Biological testing method for comprehensively evaluating water quality of drinking water |
| CN107817323A (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2018-03-20 | 环境电子株式会社 | Water quality automatic monitoring device |
| CN108254522A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-07-06 | 环境保护部华南环境科学研究所 | A kind of method using Tang's fish monitoring water quality toxicity |
| CN109839289A (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2019-06-04 | 吉林师范大学 | A kind of prior-warning device based on biotic population chunk parsing and water pollution |
| CN110208483A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-09-06 | 上海海洋大学 | A kind of ocean shell-fish Ecology Toxicity test Methods |
| CN110275005A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-09-24 | 上海海洋大学 | A kind of marine fishes Ecology Toxicity test Methods |
| CN111830223A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-27 | 南华大学 | Method for evaluating pollution level of uranium by utilizing daphnia magna |
| CN111830222A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-27 | 南华大学 | Method for evaluating uranium ecotoxicity by using mesomorphic species |
| CN115747343A (en) * | 2022-11-14 | 2023-03-07 | 吉林大学 | Water quality safety diagnosis method based on medaka embryo biomarker |
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Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103018419B (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2015-04-08 | 南京大学 | Method for determining risk of toxic pollutants in river water of high content of sand |
| CN103018419A (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2013-04-03 | 南京大学 | Method for determining risk of toxic pollutants in river water of high content of sand |
| CN104833784A (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2015-08-12 | 山东建筑大学 | Method for determining biotoxicity of water quality based on zebrafish movement velocity change |
| CN104849425A (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2015-08-19 | 山东建筑大学 | Method for determining water quality biotoxicity |
| CN105891436A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-08-24 | 福建医科大学 | Biological testing method for comprehensively evaluating water quality of drinking water |
| CN107817323B (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2020-07-03 | 环境电子株式会社 | Automatic water quality monitoring device |
| CN107817323A (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2018-03-20 | 环境电子株式会社 | Water quality automatic monitoring device |
| CN108254522A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-07-06 | 环境保护部华南环境科学研究所 | A kind of method using Tang's fish monitoring water quality toxicity |
| CN109839289A (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2019-06-04 | 吉林师范大学 | A kind of prior-warning device based on biotic population chunk parsing and water pollution |
| CN109839289B (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2021-07-09 | 吉林师范大学 | Early warning device based on biological population chunk discernment and water pollution |
| CN110208483A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-09-06 | 上海海洋大学 | A kind of ocean shell-fish Ecology Toxicity test Methods |
| CN110275005A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-09-24 | 上海海洋大学 | A kind of marine fishes Ecology Toxicity test Methods |
| CN110208483B (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2021-09-07 | 上海海洋大学 | Method for testing ecological toxicity of marine crustacean water |
| CN111830223A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-27 | 南华大学 | Method for evaluating pollution level of uranium by utilizing daphnia magna |
| CN111830222A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-27 | 南华大学 | Method for evaluating uranium ecotoxicity by using mesomorphic species |
| CN115747343A (en) * | 2022-11-14 | 2023-03-07 | 吉林大学 | Water quality safety diagnosis method based on medaka embryo biomarker |
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Application publication date: 20110907 |