CN102175178A - System and method for measuring diffusion flame frontal surface three-dimensional structure of motion fire source - Google Patents
System and method for measuring diffusion flame frontal surface three-dimensional structure of motion fire source Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and method for measuring a diffusion flame frontal surface three-dimensional structure of a motion fire source. The system comprises a laser, a sheet mirror side lens, a diffusion combustor, a synchronous controller, a voltage-stabilizing and illuminating unit, a controller, an image acquisition card, an image acquisition device, an optical system regulation device, an image optical system and a speed control system, wherein the imaging optical system comprises a right primary reflection lens, a right secondary reflection lens, a light screen, a plane lens, a collimation lens, a left secondary reflection lens and a left primary reflection lens. The method can be used for regulating motion speed of the combustor through a speed control system and regulating diffusion flame so as to obtain the diffusion flame frontal surface of a motion fire source under various motion speeds and combustion strengths. Due to the adoption of the invention, images of the left side and the right side of the flame frontal surface are obtained on a CCD imaging element through the imaging optical system, non-contact measurement can be realized, and a three-dimensional structure of the high-precision flame frontal surface can be obtained through image reconstruction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the flame front field of measuring technique, particularly motion burning things which may cause a fire disaster diffusion flame sharp side three-dimensional structure measuring system and method.
Background technology
Fuel and oxygenant were that flame form separately is called non-premixed combustion flame (non-premixed flame) before burning.Non-premixed combustion flame mainly by between fuel and the oxygenant mutually counterdiffusion carry out, thereby be called diffusion flame (diffusion flame) again.Diffusion flame is a kind of flame form more common in nature and the practical application, flame as candle, the flame that solid fuel such as coal and timber directly burns and produces, the flame that the direct fuel injection burning in rocket engine, aeromotor, gas turbine and the diesel engine produces all belongs to diffusion flame.Wherein, liquid or solid fuel directly the fire that causes of burning just go up modal in a kind of actual life, on time and space out of control diffusion combustion, also be a kind of violation people's wish and life, property, environment and cultural heritage etc. had destructive burning.
At present, the various countries researcher is more extensive to diffusion combustion and flame structure research thereof, from the pyrolysis of the extraction of flame characteristic, solid-state combustible with catch fire, the burning of propagation of flame and material, interface that flame front is interrupted are caught, special fire behavior (strile-back, Hong combustion, fire whirl and raising boils etc.), the numerical simulation of flame structure, the aspects such as fractal structure feature of flame the development that hand propelled the diffusion combustion theoretical system.Yet existing this class research almost all is based on this precondition, causes that promptly the burning things which may cause a fire disaster point of diffusion combustion is static, and this and the stationary combustion source burning sight that causes such as catch fire coincide.But under many actual conditions, burning things which may cause a fire disaster also can take place still be in this class diffusion combustion scene of moving situation, as high-speed moving object (as bullet train, racing car, aircraft and aerospacecraft etc.) the surface burning that causes on fire.Along with the social development and the various vehicles increase, travelling speed is accelerated, and the high-speed moving object surface is on fire, i.e. more extensive, complicacy of the flame that produces of motion burning things which may cause a fire disaster diffusion combustion and polytrope.People still fail clearly to be familiar with essence and the rule of moving burning things which may cause a fire disaster diffusion flame structure, also fail to produce the mathematic(al) mode that can accurately characterize its flame front architectural characteristic but up to now.
The flame structure that motion burning things which may cause a fire disaster diffusion combustion causes is more more complicated than the flame structure that common restricted clearance internal fixation burning things which may cause a fire disaster premixed combustion produces, and only relies on existing common sense, flame front structural model etc. to be not enough to this flame behavior of deep understanding.Simultaneously, flame front three-dimensional structure The Characteristic Study is the basic work of accurately assessing this type flame turbulent flow developing state, catching fire, stop working etc. under the motion burning things which may cause a fire disaster.Yet about the research of non-mixed combustion flame frontal structure under the high-speed motion condition, relevant both at home and abroad document is very rarely seen.Therefore, to Feature Extraction and identifications such as the gray scale of motion burning things which may cause a fire disaster flame front image, colour, spatial texture, geometric configuratioies, just seem very necessary thereby carry out comprehensive, deep research.
Diffusion flame sharp side (flame front) is chemical reaction thin layer that propagate, the shape gauffer in unreacted fuel gas stream normally, and it is to show by the visible light with the solid radiation, and the flame front zone just can be thought in the higher zone of temperature.The diffusion flame sharp side is a kind of by how much performances of the division of high distortion and gauffer, when it is carried out quantitative test, traditional Euclidean geometry seems powerless, carries out visual research by numerical simulation and theoretical derivation fully and also has bigger difficulty.Thereby necessary means are by experiment inquired after the geometric properties and the characteristics of motion thereof of motion burning things which may cause a fire disaster flame front.
In recent years, along with laser, synchronous and development of computer, become the main means of measurement flame front image based on the whole audience method of light scattering principle.But conventional single-lens CCD or single-lens high-speed photography shooting are that single-view is taken owing to what adopt, lack three-dimensional stereopsis, can only be used for the analysis of two-dimentional flame front feature.In order to obtain real three-dimensional flame front feature and moving image, existing method mainly contains three kinds:
(1) the one, adopt a plurality of CCD cameras, take from different perspectives.Its deficiency is to be difficult to accomplish synchronous shooting between each CCD camera, the flame front that obtains can produce the space integral effect that schlieren and common photographic means bring unavoidably, needs complicated calibration process could obtain the three dimensions geometric properties and the movement locus thereof of flame front.
(2) the 2nd, adopt the laser hologram camera technique.The major advantage of this method is directly to write down whole flow fields information in space in the flame front three-dimensional, but existing holographic imaging systems is very complicated, and can note the scattering of flame front surrounding space carbon particle and useless noise signal in the holofilm simultaneously, need carry out complex process could do qualitative analysis to flame front, and can not do quantitative test.
(3) the 3rd, adopt solid speckle method development, particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology of later stage nineties maturation by late 1970s.This method is to take and measure the velocity image of following the particle (trace particle) of flame movement in the burning field of turbulent flow by hardware device, and the application image Processing Algorithm is extracted the trace particle velocity information, shows that the velocity of burning field of turbulent flow distributes.Because the trace particle that adds may produce the burning field of turbulent flow and disturb, and needs further image boundary to extract, thus be used for flame front the three dimensions geometric configuration to obtain accuracy not high.
In a word, because the traditional image acquiring method limitation aspect the sharp side three-dimensional structure demonstration of operation burning things which may cause a fire disaster diffusion flame, press for and make improvements.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the prior art above shortcomings, the invention provides motion burning things which may cause a fire disaster diffusion flame sharp side three-dimensional structure measuring system and method.The present invention can overcome catches fire in traditional flame front structure measurement process that the burning things which may cause a fire disaster point can't move and the uncontrollable defective of its travelling speed; Also can overcome single-lens CCD or single-lens high-speed photography shooting and can't obtain problems such as the three dimensions geometric properties of flame front and movement locus and followability thereof be relatively poor.The present invention can be achieved by the following technical programs.
A kind of motion burning things which may cause a fire disaster diffusion flame sharp side three-dimensional structure measuring system, comprise laser instrument, sheet light face lens, diffusion burner, isochronous controller, voltage stabilizing and illumination power supply, computing machine, image pick-up card, image collecting device, imaging optical system and speed control system, in the light path that described laser instrument sends, be provided with and form described light face lens with 1.0 ~ 3.0mm thickness and 12 ° ~ 20 ° subtended angle sheet light beams, described light face lens are between described laser instrument and diffusion burner, and described laser instrument is successively by described isochronous controller, voltage stabilizing and illumination power supply are connected with described computing machine; Between the flame of described survey diffusion burner and image collecting device, be provided with the described imaging optical system that flame and arranged on left and right sides image to be measured is imaged in simultaneously the image collecting device surface; Image collecting device is connected with computing machine by image pick-up card, receives the formed and arranged on left and right sides flame front of imaging optical system image in real time, and diffusion burner is connected with described speed control system.
In the above-mentioned motion burning things which may cause a fire disaster diffusion flame sharp side three-dimensional structure measuring system, described image pick-up card is connected with the acquisition control device that is used for flame front image acquisition frequency control simultaneously.
In the above-mentioned motion burning things which may cause a fire disaster diffusion flame sharp side three-dimensional structure measuring system, described imaging optical system includes right side primary event eyeglass, right side secondary reflection eyeglass, shadow shield, planar lens, collimation lens, left side secondary reflection eyeglass and left side primary event eyeglass, is provided with in the light path that the flame front that the diffusion burner burning produces sends and forms left light beam and right light beam; In left beam optical path, set gradually described left side primary event eyeglass, left side secondary reflection eyeglass with the light beam changed course; In right beam optical path, also set gradually described right side primary event eyeglass, right side secondary reflection eyeglass with the light beam changed course; Left side primary event eyeglass with beam reflection to left side secondary reflection eyeglass, right side primary event eyeglass with beam reflection to right side secondary reflection eyeglass, the intersection of the left and right two-beam that comes out from left side secondary reflection eyeglass and right side secondary reflection eyeglass, a planar lens is set, a collimation lens that light beam is become directional light is set after the planar lens, collimation lens is coaxial with the image-forming component of image collecting device, is implemented in the image that obtains the flame front and arranged on left and right sides on the image-forming component simultaneously.
In the above-mentioned motion burning things which may cause a fire disaster diffusion flame sharp side three-dimensional structure measuring system, between flame to be measured that diffusion burner burning produces and image collecting device, be provided with a shadow shield, directly do not enter planar lens and collimation lens with the light beam that blocks through changed course.
Above-mentioned motion burning things which may cause a fire disaster diffusion flame sharp side three-dimensional structure measuring system also comprises the optical system regulating device that links to each other with imaging optical system, is used to regulate the angle of right side primary event eyeglass and vertical plane
α, right side secondary reflection eyeglass and vertical plane angle
θ, left side secondary reflection eyeglass and vertical plane angle
γ, left side primary event eyeglass and vertical plane angle
βSize.
Above-mentioned motion burning things which may cause a fire disaster diffusion flame sharp side three-dimensional structure measuring system, but described diffusion burner is fixed on the mechanical movement means of moving linearly or rotating operation, mechanical movement means is connected with speed control system, regulating the movement velocity of diffusion burner, mechanical movement means can be a kind of in linear motion device or the circular motion apparatus.Described light face lens comprise cylindrical mirror and spherical mirror; Described image collector is changed to CCD camera or high-speed camera instrument.
Utilize the motion burning things which may cause a fire disaster diffusion flame sharp side three-dimensional structure measuring method of above-mentioned measuring system, comprising:
Described isochronous controller triggers the laser pulse of laser instrument generation by described light face lens, becomes required sheet light, illuminates whole tested flame front zone; Laser instrument sends one and instructs isochronous controller, by isochronous controller control image collecting device synchronous working;
Start the image acquisition Control Software in the computing machine, earlier the f-number of image collecting device is transferred to maximum, simultaneously the image acquisition Control Software is set in the realtime graphic show state, watch the effect of captured flame front image by image collecting device; According to flame front zonal ray situation, regulate the harvester focal length, cooperate aperture further to determine the time shutter again, until obtaining flame front image clearly;
Utilize the translational speed of speed control system control diffusion burner; Under each speed, isochronous controller triggers laser instrument, image collecting device and image pick-up card, acquisition control device, and the flame front image under the friction speed is measured;
Data acquisition software in the computing machine begins image data, and image collecting device carries out the flame front image taking simultaneously; After image taking finishes, stop data acquisition, some flame front images that collect are carried out cross-correlation analysis,, preserve the flame front image until obtaining distinct image;
After the end of test (EOT), extinguish fire, keep the experimental data of gained, measuring system is returned to original state;
The digital image graph of the flame front and arranged on left and right sides that image collecting device write down is through the Computerized three-dimensional image reconstruction process, the flame two-phase flow solid phase particles group three-dimensional concentration field that energy numerical reconstruction three-dimensional plot comprises, be combined into the flame movement image that time series distributes, can also obtain the 3D velocity field of flame two-phase flow, thereby obtain the three-dimensional structure of flame front.
In the above-mentioned measuring method, by regulating angle
α, angle
θ, angle
γAnd angle
βBetween relation, the flame front image at and arranged on left and right sides diverse location place can be imaged in simultaneously the image-forming component surface of image collecting device.
In the above-mentioned measuring method, control the height and the width of the flame that produces by the aperture of regulating nozzle in the diffusion burner; Adjustment sheet light face lens make the sheet optical thickness in flame front zone reach 1.0 ~ 3.0mm, and subtended angle reaches 12 ° ~ 20 °.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1, simple in measurement system structure of the present invention, parameter stability, flexible and convenient operation, point-to-point speed in the time of can regulating diffusion burner and be positioned on the linear motion device by speed control system, or rotating speed and linear velocity when being positioned on the circular motion apparatus, produce the diffusion flame sharp side of burning things which may cause a fire disaster under various movement velocitys; Diffusion burner among the present invention can be regulated the diffusion flame size that is produced, thereby can present the diffusion flame frontal structure feature under the different combustion intensities; Imaging optical system among the present invention makes when using a CCD camera or high-speed camera instrument that flame front is taken, can obtain the image of flame front left and right sides face on the CCD image-forming component simultaneously, avoid the multi-camera system problem, the problem includes: problems such as poor synchronization, cost height.
2, utilize the imaging optical system among the present invention, the flame front left side that image collecting device write down, the digital image graph of right both sides is through the sub-pix pattern-recognition, reverse projection algorithm is rebuild, Computerized three-dimensional image reconstruction process such as texture mapping, COUNTABLY VALUED is reproduced the flame two-phase flow solid phase particles group three-dimensional concentration field that three-dimensional plot comprises, be combined into the flame movement image that time series distributes, can also obtain the 3D velocity field of flame two-phase flow, thereby obtain the three-dimensional structure of flame front, can be used for studying the transient process of flame, the real flame of realizing shows the visual and real time implementation of measuring, and is the geometric properties on research motion burning things which may cause a fire disaster diffusion flame sharp side, the influence factor of metamorphosis and burn-out condition thereof etc. provide experiment basis.
(3) the present invention belongs to non-contact measurement to the measurement of the non-pre-flame front structure of motion burning things which may cause a fire disaster, there are not disturbance flame front structure and concentration field and velocity fields such as trace particle, instrument probe in the flame front imaging process, the sheet light beam with 1.0 ~ 3.0mm thickness and 12 ° ~ 20 ° of subtended angles that laser instrument produces does not cause interference to it during by flame front to be measured zone, thereby avoid consequent measuring error, measuring accuracy is higher.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of motion burning things which may cause a fire disaster diffusion flame of the present invention sharp side three-dimensional structure measuring system.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of imaging optical system among the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of linear motion device.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of circular motion apparatus.
Label declaration in the accompanying drawing:
The 1-laser instrument; 2-sheet light face lens; The 3-diffusion burner; The 4-isochronous controller;
5-voltage stabilizing and illumination power supply; The 6-computing machine; The 7-acquisition control device; The 8-image pick-up card;
The 9-image collecting device; 10-optical system regulating device; The 11-imaging optical system;
The 12-speed control system; 13-right side primary event eyeglass; 14-right side secondary reflection eyeglass;
The 15-shadow shield; The 16-planar lens; The 17-collimation lens; 18-left side secondary reflection eyeglass;
19-left side primary event eyeglass; The 20-driving wheel; The 21-bend wheel; The 22-travelling belt;
23-solid circles rotating disk; The 24-rotating shaft.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the present invention is further described, but enforcement of the present invention and protection domain are not limited thereto.
As shown in Figure 1, be the structural representation of present embodiment motion burning things which may cause a fire disaster diffusion flame sharp side three-dimensional structure measuring system.Measuring system comprises laser instrument 1, sheet light face lens 2, diffusion burner 3, isochronous controller 4, voltage stabilizing and illumination power supply 5, computing machine 6, acquisition control device 7, image pick-up card 8, image collecting device 9, optical system regulating device 10, imaging optical system 11, speed control system 12.Laser instrument 1 can adopt pulse iridium-neodymium garnet laser 1 (Nd:Yag laser instrument), and Nd:Yag laser instrument 1 is fixed on the floor by bearing.Nd:Yag laser instrument 1 is supplied with the lasing light emitter of this measuring system wide dynamic range, and the flame front zone that produces to tested diffusion burner 3 provides short duration pulsed and sends collimated energy.In the light path that Nd:Yag laser instrument 1 sends, be provided with and form sheet light face lens 2, have certain thickness to provide (1.0 ~ 3.0mm) and the sheet light beam of subtended angle (12 ° ~ 20 °).Sheet light face lens 2 comprise cylindrical mirror and spherical mirror.Laser beam behind the collimation is being dispersed in the region direction of diffusion flame sharp side after by cylindrical mirror, and spherical mirror is used for the thickness of control strip light between 1.0 ~ 3.0mm.Nd:Yag laser instrument 1 is connected with computing machine 6 by isochronous controller 4, voltage stabilizing and illumination power supply 5.Voltage stabilizing and illumination power supply 5 provide voltage-stabilized source for Nd:Yag laser instrument 1 and isochronous controller 4.The work schedule of 9 of Nd:Yag laser instrument 1 and image collecting devices is controlled and coordinated to isochronous controller 4 by the softwares in the computing machine 6, and all parts in the assurance system are according to regular hour sequence coordination operation.When Nd:YAG laser instrument 1 preliminary work, send one and instruct isochronous controller 4, synchronous by isochronous controller 4 control image collecting devices 9.
Between flame front zone that diffusion burner to be measured 3 produces and image collecting device 9, the imaging optical system 11 that flame front to be measured zone and arranged on left and right sides image is imaged in simultaneously image collecting device 9 surfaces is set.Image collecting device 9 is connected with computing machine 6 by image pick-up card 8, receives imaging optical system 11 formed and arranged on left and right sides flame front images in real time.Synchronous for guaranteeing Nd:YAG laser instrument 1 and image collecting device 9, on image pick-up card 8, be connected with an acquisition control device 7(and be used to control flame front image acquisition frequency).Two image frame grabber devices 9 absorb the flame front to be measured zone that two pulse sheet lasers that Nd:YAG laser instrument 1 sends shine respectively, and two width of cloth flame front images are transferred to carry out associated picture in the image collecting device 9 and handle, the and arranged on left and right sides flame front image that obtains after the processing sends the post-processed that computing machine 6 is preserved products for further to.
As shown in Figure 2, be the structural representation of imaging optical system in the present embodiment 11.Imaging optical system 11 includes right side primary event eyeglass 13; Right side secondary reflection eyeglass 14; Shadow shield 15; Planar lens 16; Collimation lens 17; Left side secondary reflection eyeglass 18; Left side primary event eyeglass 19.In the light path that the flame front that diffusion burner 3 burnings produce sends, the reflecting optics group that forms left light beam and right light beam is set; In left beam optical path, set gradually left side primary event eyeglass 19, left side secondary reflection eyeglass 18 with the light beam changed course; In right beam optical path, also set gradually right side primary event eyeglass 13, right side secondary reflection eyeglass 14 with the light beam changed course.In left and right two-beam intersection, a planar lens 16 is set, a collimation lens 17 that light beam is become directional light is set afterwards.Collimation lens 17 must keep coaxial with the image-forming component of image collecting device 9.After the flame light beam that diffusion burner 3 produces reflects through the reflecting optics group, after light beam passes planar lens 16, collimated lens 17 alignments become parallel beam, received by the camera lens of image collecting device 9 at last, on its image-forming component, become the flame front image of two different angles simultaneously, realized on an image-forming component, obtaining simultaneously the image of flame front and arranged on left and right sides.
Imaging optical system 11 is connected with optical system regulating device 10, is used to regulate the angle of right side primary event eyeglass and vertical plane
α, right side secondary reflection eyeglass and vertical plane angle
θ, left side secondary reflection eyeglass and vertical plane angle
γ, left side primary event eyeglass and vertical plane angle
βSize.By regulating angle
α, angle
θ, angle
γAnd angle
βBetween relation, the flame front image at and arranged on left and right sides diverse location place can be imaged in simultaneously the image-forming component surface of image collecting device 9.For the light beam that blocks through changed course does not directly enter planar lens 16 and collimation lens 17, between flame front zone that diffusion burner 3 burnings to be measured produce and image collecting device 9, be provided with a shadow shield 15.
Image collecting device 9 can be a kind of in CCD camera or the high-speed camera instrument.When selecting the CCD camera for use, select cross-correlation pattern for use, the image of the flame front and arranged on left and right sides that former and later two photograph constantly is stored in the different frame storer in the CCD camera, and then be transferred to respectively in the computing machine 6 and go, the time sequencing of two frame flame front images can be clearly known in processing like this.When selecting the high-speed camera instrument for use, before the high power pick-up lens is contained in high-speed camera, aligning regulates camera lens, make it over against the flame front zone that will take, connect the data line of high-speed camera and image pick-up card 8, computing machine 6, start the image acquisition program of 6 li in computing machine, just can realize taking real-time demonstration, shooting and the preservation of flame front image.
But diffusion burner 3 is fixed on the mechanical movement means of moving linearly or rotating operation, mechanical movement means is connected with speed control system 12, point-to-point speed when being positioned on the linear motion device by speed control system 12 adjusting diffusion burners, or rotating speed and linear velocity when being positioned on the circular motion apparatus, can produce the diffusion flame sharp side of burning things which may cause a fire disaster under various movement velocitys.
As shown in Figure 3, be the structural representation of cathetus telecontrol equipment of the present invention.Linear motion device of the present invention comprises driving wheel 20, bend wheel 21, travelling belt 22.Diffusion burner 3 is fixed on the travelling belt 22, regulates the rotating speed of driving wheels 20, can change the point-to-point speed of travelling belt 22 by speed control system 12, thus the speed when regulating the diffusion burner moving linearly.
As shown in Figure 4, be the structural representation of circular motion apparatus among the present invention.Circular motion apparatus of the present invention comprises solid circles rotating disk 23, rotating shaft 24.Diffusion burner 3 is fixed on the solid circles rotating disk 23, regulates the rotating speed of rotating shafts 24, can change the circular motion speed that passes solid circles rotating disk 23 by speed control system 12, thus the speed when regulating diffusion burner and making circular motion.
Embodiment---during burning things which may cause a fire disaster point moving linearly, the measuring method and the step of the diffusion flame frontal structure that burning gases fuel produces.
Present embodiment is at the flame front structure measurement system that is provided, when experiment test diffusion burner 3 is made different rectilinear motion, and the diffusion flame frontal structure that burning gases fuel produces.Concrete experimental procedure is as follows:
Step 1: the preparation before experimentizing: arrange the division of labor properly, experiment operation and the tester preparing experiment that puts in place respectively; Select for use methane as gaseous fuel, the methane gas of proportioning 0.5MPa in diffusion burner 3; Diffusion burner 3 is fixed on the travelling belt 22.Open warning mark, prevent that other people are strayed into the laser work zone by irrelevant testing crew, remove might be by the object of laser-induced combustion or damage, the laboratory technician should wear protective glasses;
Step 2: according to the working specification of flame front measuring system, open the go forward side by side setting of line correlation parameter of computing machine 6, image acquisition Control Software, voltage stabilizing and illumination power supply 5, isochronous controller 4, image pick-up card 8, acquisition control device 7, image collecting device 9, optical system regulating device 10, speed control system 12 successively, open Nd:YAG laser instrument 1 at last.Conscientiously adjust its parameter, the laser pulse that the Nd:YAG laser instrument 1 that isochronous controller 4 is triggered is produced becomes laser into required sheet light by sheet light face lens 2 of being made up of spherical mirror and cylindrical mirror, illuminates whole tested flame front zone.
Step 3: the height of regulating the aperture control flame that produces of nozzle in the diffusion burner 3 is that 0.15m, width are 0.06m.
Step 4: after starting the image acquisition Control Software in the computing machine 6, earlier the f-number of image collecting device 9 is transferred to maximum, simultaneously the image acquisition Control Software is set in the realtime graphic show state, opens the effect that the lens cap of image collecting device 9 is watched captured flame front image.According to flame front zonal ray situation, focus, cooperate aperture further to determine the time shutter again, until obtaining flame front image clearly.The experimenter has write down all kinds of experimental datas such as room temperature in 2 ~ 10min burning time, pressure simultaneously.
Step 5: open the over cap of Nd:Yag laser instrument 1, make it be in running status with software control laser instrument 1, adjustment sheet light face lens make the sheet optical thickness in flame front zone reach 1.0 ~ 3.0mm, and subtended angle reaches 12 ° ~ 20 °.
Step 6: utilize speed control system 12 to regulate the rotating speed of driving wheel 20, to change the point-to-point speed of travelling belt 22, the speed of diffusion burner 3 is respectively 0m/s, 0.5m/s, 1.0m/s, 2.0m/s, 5.0m/s, 10.0m/s, 20.0m/s etc.Under each speed, start isochronous controller 4, Nd:YAG laser instrument 1, image collecting device 9 are triggered according to preset time with image pick-up card 8, acquisition control device 7, respectively the flame front image is measured.
Step 7: the data acquisition software in the computing machine 6 begins image data, and image collecting device 9 carries out the flame front image taking simultaneously.After image taking finishes, stop data acquisition, and read relevant experiment parameter; Some flame front images that collect are carried out cross-correlation analysis, if effect is bad, then regulate and continue image data after the parameter of above-mentioned associated components and take flame front image under this travelling speed again,, preserve the flame front image until obtaining more satisfactory image.
Step 8: after one group of experiment finishes, extinguish fire, keep the experimental data of gained, arrangement experiment place and related experiment instrument, facility, clean out the residual fuel in the diffusion burner 3, each parts of flame front measuring system and each measurement subsystem are returned to original state, repeating step six, seven again, change the speed of diffusion burner 3, carry out next group experiment test.
Step 9: after all experiment finishes to finish, close all experimental instrument and equipments successively according to the working specification of formulating.
The flame front left side that image collecting device write down, the digital image graph of right both sides is through the sub-pix pattern-recognition, reverse projection algorithm is rebuild, Computerized three-dimensional image reconstruction process such as texture mapping, COUNTABLY VALUED is reproduced the flame two-phase flow solid phase particles group three-dimensional concentration field that three-dimensional plot comprises, be combined into the flame movement image that time series distributes, can also obtain the 3D velocity field of flame two-phase flow, thereby obtain the three-dimensional structure of flame front, can be used for studying the transient process of flame, the real flame of realizing shows the visual and real time implementation of measuring, and is the geometric properties on research motion burning things which may cause a fire disaster diffusion flame sharp side, the influence factor of metamorphosis and burn-out condition thereof etc. provide experiment basis.
Claims (10)
1. motion burning things which may cause a fire disaster diffusion flame sharp side three-dimensional structure measuring system, it is characterized in that comprising laser instrument, sheet light face lens, diffusion burner, isochronous controller, voltage stabilizing and illumination power supply, computing machine, image pick-up card, image collecting device, imaging optical system and speed control system, in the light path that described laser instrument sends, be provided with and form described light face lens with 1.0 ~ 3.0mm thickness and 12 ° ~ 20 ° subtended angle sheet light beams, described light face lens are between described laser instrument and diffusion burner, and described laser instrument is successively by described isochronous controller, voltage stabilizing and illumination power supply are connected with described computing machine; Between the flame of described survey diffusion burner and image collecting device, be provided with the described imaging optical system that flame and arranged on left and right sides image to be measured is imaged in simultaneously the image collecting device surface; Image collecting device is connected with computing machine by image pick-up card, receives the formed and arranged on left and right sides flame front of imaging optical system image in real time, and diffusion burner is connected with described speed control system.
2. motion burning things which may cause a fire disaster diffusion flame according to claim 1 sharp side three-dimensional structure measuring system is characterized in that: described image pick-up card is connected with the acquisition control device that is used for flame front image acquisition frequency control simultaneously.
3. motion burning things which may cause a fire disaster diffusion flame according to claim 1 sharp side three-dimensional structure measuring system, it is characterized in that: described imaging optical system includes right side primary event eyeglass, right side secondary reflection eyeglass, shadow shield, planar lens, collimation lens, left side secondary reflection eyeglass and left side primary event eyeglass, is provided with in the light path that the flame front that the diffusion burner burning produces sends and forms left light beam and right light beam; In left beam optical path, set gradually described left side primary event eyeglass, left side secondary reflection eyeglass with the light beam changed course; In right beam optical path, also set gradually described right side primary event eyeglass, right side secondary reflection eyeglass with the light beam changed course; Left side primary event eyeglass with beam reflection to left side secondary reflection eyeglass, right side primary event eyeglass with beam reflection to right side secondary reflection eyeglass, the intersection of the left and right two-beam that comes out from left side secondary reflection eyeglass and right side secondary reflection eyeglass, a planar lens is set, a collimation lens that light beam is become directional light is set after the planar lens, collimation lens is coaxial with the image-forming component of image collecting device, is implemented in the image that obtains the flame front and arranged on left and right sides on the image-forming component simultaneously.
4. motion burning things which may cause a fire disaster diffusion flame according to claim 3 sharp side three-dimensional structure measuring system is characterized in that: be provided with a shadow shield that does not directly enter planar lens and collimation lens through the light beam of changed course in order to block between flame to be measured that diffusion burner burning produces and image collecting device.
5. motion burning things which may cause a fire disaster diffusion flame according to claim 1 sharp side three-dimensional structure measuring system is characterized in that also comprising the optical system regulating device that links to each other with imaging optical system, is used to regulate the angle of right side primary event eyeglass and vertical plane
α, right side secondary reflection eyeglass and vertical plane angle
θ, left side secondary reflection eyeglass and vertical plane angle
γ, left side primary event eyeglass and vertical plane angle
βSize.
6. according to each described motion burning things which may cause a fire disaster diffusion flame sharp side three-dimensional structure measuring system of claim 1 ~ 5, it is characterized in that: but described diffusion burner be fixed on the mechanical movement means of moving linearly or rotating operation, mechanical movement means is connected with speed control system.
7. motion burning things which may cause a fire disaster diffusion flame according to claim 6 sharp side three-dimensional structure measuring system, it is characterized in that: described light face lens comprise cylindrical mirror and spherical mirror; Described image collector is changed to CCD camera or high-speed camera instrument.
8. utilize the motion burning things which may cause a fire disaster diffusion flame sharp side three-dimensional structure measuring method of the described measuring system of claim 1, it is characterized in that comprising:
Described isochronous controller triggers the laser pulse of laser instrument generation by described light face lens, becomes required sheet light, illuminates whole tested flame front zone; Laser instrument sends one and instructs isochronous controller, by isochronous controller control image collecting device synchronous working;
Start the image acquisition Control Software in the computing machine, earlier the f-number of image collecting device is transferred to maximum, simultaneously the image acquisition Control Software is set in the realtime graphic show state, watch the effect of captured flame front image by image collecting device; According to flame front zonal ray situation, regulate the harvester focal length, cooperate aperture further to determine the time shutter again, until obtaining flame front image clearly;
Utilize the translational speed of speed control system control diffusion burner; Under each speed, isochronous controller triggers laser instrument, image collecting device and image pick-up card, acquisition control device, and the flame front image under the friction speed is measured;
Data acquisition software in the computing machine begins image data, and image collecting device carries out the flame front image taking simultaneously; After image taking finishes, stop data acquisition, some flame front images that collect are carried out cross-correlation analysis,, preserve the flame front image until obtaining distinct image;
After the end of test (EOT), extinguish fire, keep the experimental data of gained, measuring system is returned to original state;
The digital image graph of the flame front and arranged on left and right sides that image collecting device write down is through the Computerized three-dimensional image reconstruction process, the flame two-phase flow solid phase particles group three-dimensional concentration field that energy numerical reconstruction three-dimensional plot comprises, be combined into the flame movement image that time series distributes, can also obtain the 3D velocity field of flame two-phase flow, thereby obtain the three-dimensional structure of flame front.
9. measuring method according to claim 8 is characterized in that: by regulating angle
α, angle
θ, angle
γAnd angle
βBetween relation, the flame front image at and arranged on left and right sides diverse location place can be imaged in simultaneously the image-forming component surface of image collecting device.
10. measuring method according to claim 8 is characterized in that height and width by the aperture control flame that produces of regulating nozzle in the diffusion burner; Adjustment sheet light face lens make the sheet optical thickness in flame front zone reach 1.0 ~ 3.0mm, and subtended angle reaches 12 ° ~ 20 °.
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