CN102174645B - Representation method of oil-gas exploration and oil-gas reservoir by taking vital bacterium abnormality and dead bacterium abnormality of methane-oxidizing bacteria as indicators - Google Patents
Representation method of oil-gas exploration and oil-gas reservoir by taking vital bacterium abnormality and dead bacterium abnormality of methane-oxidizing bacteria as indicators Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a representation method of oil-gas exploration and oil-gas reservoir by taking vital bacterium abnormality and dead bacterium abnormality of methane-oxidizing bacteria as indicators, comprising the following steps: collecting a sample above an oil-gas exploration and oil-gas reservoir representation area according to the specific grid degree, the sampling depth and the sampling amount, packaging and saving the sample according to the specific condition; adopting a conventional microorganism counting method to obtain the vital bacterium quantity and the dead bacterium quantity of the methane-oxidizing bacteria in the sample; drawing an equal bacterium line of the vital bacteria and an equal bacterium line of the dead bacteria on a map, a topographic map, a geologic map or a topography-geologic map to obtain the vital bacterium abnormality and the dead bacterium abnormality; comprehensively comparing the vital bacterium abnormality and the dead bacterium abnormality; and estimating and predicting the underground oil-gas resource condition of the oil-gas exploration and oil-gas reservoir representation area, or extracting an exploitation scheme of the oil-gas reservoir according to the characteristics of the vital bacterium abnormality and the dead bacterium abnormality and the differences of the vital bacterium abnormality and the dead bacterium abnormality, and combining the results of geological exploration, geochemical exploration and geophysical exploration.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for a kind of oil-gas exploration and reservoir characterization.
Background technology
Hydrocarbon-bearing pool comprises oil Tibetan, natural gas pool, oil+natural gas pool and gas hydrates.
Oil and natural gas industry is important basic energy resource industry.Current oil and natural gas (containing gas hydrate) exploration and development problem demanding prompt solution is how to improve the benefit of exploration and development; And research and development and use efficient exploration and development method and technique means is the key that addresses the above problem.
Microbial prospecting of oil and gas and reservoir characterization technology are important branch in oil-gas exploration and the reservoir characterization technology, microbiological anomaly feature in its Main Basis exploration areas and/or hydrocarbon-bearing pool top near surface pedosphere and/or the settling and a kind of important technical that hydrocarbon resources dynamic change and Remaining Oil And Gas distribution of resource situation in the developmental state of underground hydrocarbon-bearing pool and the developing of reservoirs are predicted and monitored.In modern oil-gas exploration and reservoir characterization technology, Microbial prospecting of oil and gas and reservoir characterization technology can provide cheapness, effective means and indication for the initial stage exploration; Can predict Favorable exploration area, to reducing exploration risk; Can adjust well location, formulate efficient recovery scheme and reduce cost of winning for laying in middle and later periods hydrocarbon-bearing pool mining area important technical support is provided.
The principle of Microbial prospecting of oil and gas and reservoir characterization technology: the lighter hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon-bearing pool are migrated along the microfissure of complexity vertically upward with microvesicle floating form or continuous vapor phase stream form under the ordering about of hydrocarbon-bearing pool pressure.When the methane migration entered in topsoil and/or the settling, a part of lighter hydrocarbons became the food (carbon source) of obligate lighter hydrocarbons oxidation bacterium in the soil and lighter hydrocarbons oxidation bacterium are occurred unusually; And another part lighter hydrocarbons are adsorbed by the clay mineral in topsoil and/or the settling and are wrapped up by the Secondary Carbonates cementing matter.Therefore, meeting formation is unusual with the obligate lighter hydrocarbons oxidation bacterium that the hydrocarbon-bearing pool of underliing has positive correlation in the topsoil above hydrocarbon-bearing pool and/or the settling.Forefathers have set up Microbiological Oil And Gas Exploration Techniques accordingly.They give birth to the number of viable of methane-oxidizing bacteria in hydrocarbon basin and/or hydrocarbon-bearing pool top topsoil and/or the settling by detection, and carry out the microbial oil gas reservoir exploration take number of viable as index.Forefathers study and also show, the little seepage of lighter hydrocarbons has three characteristics: the one, and ubiquity, i.e. all there is the little seepage of lighter hydrocarbons in the most hydrocarbon-bearing pools of nature, and the former capital can be detected with microbial process; The 2nd, perpendicularity, namely in giving birth to hydrocarbon basin and/or hydrocarbon-bearing pool, lighter hydrocarbons migratory direction during the little seepage of lighter hydrocarbons is vertical generally, therefore the scope of microbiological anomaly roughly corresponding to the oil/water of subterranean oil gas reservoir and or gas/water boundaries, form " top is unusual ", and the variation of microbiological anomaly intensity has reflected the original nonuniformity of oily in the hydrocarbon trap; The 3rd, dynamic, namely along with the raising of Reservoir Development degree, dynamic change can occur in the little seepage intensity of lighter hydrocarbons, and the microbiological anomaly intensity around in the high yield wellblock will constantly reduce.This dynamic change becomes again the basis of the microbial oil gas reservoir characterization technique of remaining oil distribution detection of dynamic in the oil-gas field development.
Because the little seepage at the underground methane of hydrocarbon-bearing pool mining area has dynamic; In developing of reservoirs, the pressure of oil reservoir, gas-bearing formation, air-fuel mixture layer or gas hydrate layer and the variation of methane concentration can directly cause the quantity generation dynamic change of methane-oxidizing bacteria in the soil of hydrocarbon-bearing pool top and/or the settling, therefore forefathers have set up the microbial process of reservoir characterization accordingly.They pass through to detect the number of viable of methane-oxidizing bacteria in different time point hydrocarbon-bearing pools top topsoils and/or the settling, and come hydrocarbon-bearing pool is characterized based on the unusual similarities and differences of the viable bacteria of different time point methane-oxidizing bacterias.
Microbial prospecting of oil and gas and reservoir characterization technology start from USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics).As far back as nineteen thirty-seven, the former Russian scholar has just proposed the Microbial prospecting of oil and gas method, for significant contribution has been made in the discovery in volga-oil field, Ural.In the sixties in last century, the Microbial prospecting of oil and gas method is widely studied and is adopted in states such as USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), the U.S., Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Germany, finds the rate of accuracy reached 50-65% between microbiological anomaly and the drilling well result.After this because lighter hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon-bearing pool are argued to the mode of earth's surface diffusion and the specificity problem of lighter hydrocarbons oxidation bacterium, thereby affected the development of this method; And the research and development that Germany and American scholar still continue this technology, on the basis of fully proving the little seepage theory reliability of lighter hydrocarbons, significantly improved the accuracy of microorganism detection technology and interpretation model, set up method of seismic exploration and the exploration new model that oil gas microorganism detection technology combines, Microbial prospecting of oil and gas and reservoir characterization technology have been become significantly improve oil-gas exploration success ratio, reduction exploration risk, laying adjustment well location, the Novel integrated oil-gas exploration of formulating the high-efficiency mining scheme and the important component part of reservoir characterization technology.
China's Microbial prospecting of oil and gas research starts from the fifties in last century not.Institute of Micro-biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences adopts the method that more than 20 known oil districts and unknown area are explored during 1956-1971, and the result of discovery microbiological prospecting method and the goodness of fit of drilling data have confirmed the operability of method about 65%.During the 1986-2000, in the exploration of 4 cooperation blocks of China's Northern Part of South China Sea and the Bohai Sea, adopt Microbial prospecting of oil and gas (MOST) technology of the U.S. to obtain important oil and gas discovery in the exploration area.China in 2000 begin the microbial prospecting technology of oil ﹠ (MPOG) of equipment Imported From German EMH Company, have obtained preferably effect.2002, Changjiang University and German scholar cooperation jointly connected basin horse nit down warping region in western willow area and two and have carried out Microbial prospecting of oil and gas research, have obtained comparatively ideal exploration effects.2007, the MOST technology entered the land marine facies petroleum exploration domain of China first, and has obtained noticeable achievement.Through years of researches, Changjiang University has set up Microbiological Oil And Gas Exploration Techniques, and has obtained successful Application at China's Ordos Basin, loose distant basin and Bohai gulf basin.Also have a lot of units that the Microbial prospecting of oil and gas method is tested, all obtain more satisfactory effect.
Yet there is obvious defective in existing Microbial prospecting of oil and gas with reservoir characterization method and technology thereof:
(1) time owing to whole processes such as oil gas generation, storage, migration and preservations is to calculate with the time scale in 100,000 years; And in this very long process, the little seepage of the methane in the hydrocarbon-bearing pool is not continuous usually, but interruption-pulsed.When the microfissure in location, exploration area was in tensile state, the flux of the little seepage of methane was just larger, and the viable bacteria of methane-oxidizing bacteria is unusual just stronger in topsoil and/or the settling above it; And when the microfissure in location, exploration area was in squeezed state, the flux of the little seepage of methane was just less, above it in topsoil and/or the settling viable bacteria of methane-oxidizing bacteria unusual just a little less than.That is to say, when prior art only adopts the viable bacteria of methane-oxidizing bacteria unusually to carry out oil-gas exploration as the microbiological prospecting index, not only might can't find the location that those microfissures in the exploration area the are in squeezed state potential target of oil-gas exploration (and be actually), and can't be evaluated in the whole processes such as oil gas generation, storage, migration and preservation, the methane total flux of tiny leakage is high in which location in the exploration area, and which location is low.
(2) because prior art only can obtain unusual this microbiological prospecting index of the viable bacteria of methane-oxidizing bacteria from the topsoil of exploration area and/or settling, therefore that prior art can't be used for inquiring into the tiny leakage of exploration areas methane is historical and develop.
(3) for being in now the exploration areas such as extreme environment (desert, Gobi desert and saltings etc.) and Deep Water Basins, the number of viable of the methane-oxidizing bacteria in its topsoil and/or the settling may be considerably less now; Yet some location of this exploration areas is in period of history (from the time scale of a century to thousand year), and the number of viable of its methane-oxidizing bacteria may be a lot, but the methane-oxidizing bacteria overwhelming majority who remains now is dead bacterium.As seen, for the exploration areas that is in now extreme environment, only adopt the number of viable of methane-oxidizing bacteria obviously to have limitation as the Microbial prospecting of oil and gas index, even prior art is not proved effective in these areas.
(4) in the time of need to be different two of same hydrocarbon-bearing pool mining area point sampling and to sample in the number of viable of methane-oxidizing bacteria carry out systems measurement.Cause on the one hand the sampling remarkable increase of cost of the inevitable outcome of this requirement, especially to the sign of marine oil gas reservoir, its cost increases can be more remarkable; Cause on the other hand existing microbial oil gas reservoir characterizing method and technology thereof in fact can't implement immediately in a lot of hydrocarbon-bearing pool mining areas, because the work of microorganism reservoir characterization had not been carried out in now most of hydrocarbon-bearing pools, be exactly to carry out immediately now the work of microorganism reservoir characterization, also can only obtain now the number of viable of (time point) hydrocarbon-bearing pool top methane-oxidizing bacteria, can not provide the microorganism characterization result of this hydrocarbon-bearing pool at once, and must wait for that one not short period is (at least more than half a year; If the time is too short, be difficult to reflect that methane-oxidizing bacteria is in the difference on the number of viable between two time points) after, just can draw significant reservoir characterization result when carrying out again for the second time sampling and obtaining the number of viable of methane-oxidizing bacteria.
(5) current mining of hydrocarbon-bearing pool and the situation before the hydrocarbon-bearing pool exploitation can't be compared, thereby restricted us the relation between Remaining Oil And Gas stock number and the produced quantity is assessed, be unfavorable for laying the adjustment well and formulating efficient recovery scheme in middle and later periods hydrocarbon-bearing pool mining area.
(6) laying of grid degree, sampling depth, sampling quantity and sample packaging and the sample storage condition of sampling point are lacked the concrete scheme that is fit to oil-gas exploration and reservoir characterization zone.
Summary of the invention
Order of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of new oil-gas exploration and the microbial process of reservoir characterization are provided, i.e. number of viable and dead bacterium quantity by detecting simultaneously methane-oxidizing bacteria in exploration areas and/or hydrocarbon-bearing pool top topsoil and/or the settling, and by dead bacterium unusually and dead bacterium is unusual carries out Microbial prospecting of oil and gas and reservoir characterization work with the similarities and differences of viable bacteria between unusually.
In order to realize above-mentioned technical purpose, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The method of a kind of oil-gas exploration and reservoir characterization, realize in the following way: measure the dead bacterium of methane-oxidizing bacteria in exploration areas and/or the reservoir characterization district or measure simultaneously viable bacteria and the dead bacterium of methane-oxidizing bacteria, obtain the dead bacterium quantity of methane-oxidizing bacteria or obtain simultaneously the number of viable of methane-oxidizing bacteria and bacterium quantity extremely.
In aforesaid method, according to the dead bacterium quantity of methane-oxidizing bacteria or obtain simultaneously number of viable and the dead bacterium quantity of methane-oxidizing bacteria, obtain dead bacterium unusual, or it is unusual to obtain simultaneously the unusual and dead bacterium of viable bacteria of methane-oxidizing bacteria.
Dead bacterium by selected methane-oxidizing bacteria is unusual, or the unusual and dead bacterium of viable bacteria of selecting simultaneously methane-oxidizing bacteria is unusual, or the similarities and differences between unusual take the unusual and dead bacterium of the viable bacteria of methane-oxidizing bacteria are carried out oil and gas resource evaluation and prediction as the index of Microbial prospecting of oil and gas to exploration areas.
Be the index of microorganism reservoir characterization take the similarities and differences of the unusual and dead bacterium of the viable bacteria of methane-oxidizing bacteria between unusually, the dynamic change of hydrocarbon resources in the hydrocarbon-bearing pool recovery process is estimated and predicted.
The method of above-mentioned oil-gas exploration and reservoir characterization specifically comprises the steps:
1, according to the accuracy requirement of thickness, exploration areas or hydrocarbon-bearing pool top soil and/or sedimental feature, oil-gas exploration and the reservoir characterization of the space size of oil generation gas basin, trap structure or hydrocarbon-bearing pool, hydrocarbon source rock, in the exploration of above oil generation gas basin or hydrocarbon-bearing pool, selecting or the sign zone, lay sampling point by specific grid degree.Studies show that, the grid degree of the method is from 10 m * 10 m to 2000 m * 2000 m.
2, according to biotic population feature and mankind's activity situation in oil generation gas basin or hydrocarbon-bearing pool top soil and/or sedimental feature, soil and/or the settling, determine specific sampling depth.Studies show that, the sampling depth of the method is from 10 cm to 200 cm.
3, according to biotic population feature and mankind's activity situation in oil generation gas basin or hydrocarbon-bearing pool top soil and/or sedimental feature, soil and/or the settling, determine specific sampling quantity.Studies show that, the sampling quantity of the method is from 20 g to 2000 g.
4, in selected oil-gas exploration and reservoir characterization zone, according to specific grid degree, sampling depth and sampling quantity system acquisition soil and/or sediment sample; Pack sample and rapidly sample is carried out freezing preservation with solid sterilizing bag.Studies show that, the freezing storage temperature of the sample of the method is from-10 ℃ to-30 ℃.
5, adopt the number of viable of methane-oxidizing bacteria in flat band method, most probable number method (MPN), bacterium bottle method or the fluorescence quantitative PCR method working sample; Adopt the dead bacterium quantity of methane-oxidizing bacteria in the fluorescence quantitative PCR method working sample.
6, the viable bacteria data of the methane-oxidizing bacteria that obtains and the longitude and latitude data of dead bacterium data and sampling point are plotted on map, topographic map, geologic map or the landform-geologic map in selected exploration areas or reservoir characterization district in the lump, and with bacterium lines such as these data draftings, thereby the unusual and dead bacterium of viable bacteria that obtains methane-oxidizing bacteria is unusual.
7, in conjunction with the number of viable of methane-oxidizing bacteria and dead bacterium quantity, the unusual feature of the unusual and dead bacterium of the viable bacteria of multianalysis methane-oxidizing bacteria, and both similarities and differences are carried out the contrast of following aspect:
(1) number, position and the variation thereof at unusual center;
(2) unusual form and variation thereof;
(3) unusual size and variation thereof;
(4) unusual intensity and variation thereof;
(5) relation and variation thereof between different unusual;
(6) the unusual and now relation between the producing well and variation thereof.
8, according to methane-oxidizing bacteria the feature that dead bacterium is unusual, viable bacteria is unusual and dead bacterium is unusual and the similarities and differences of the unusual and dead bacterium of viable bacteria between unusually, and in conjunction with geological prospecting, geochemical prospecting and geophysical survey result, the underground oil and gas resource situation in exploration areas or reservoir characterization district is made the recovery scheme of estimating and predicting or propose hydrocarbon-bearing pool.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) considered the space size of oil generation gas basin, trap structure and hydrocarbon-bearing pool, the thickness of hydrocarbon source rock, the accuracy requirement of exploration areas or hydrocarbon-bearing pool top topsoil and/or sedimental feature and oil-gas exploration and reservoir characterization is on the impact of sampling point grid degree, propose specifiable lattice degree of the present invention for from 10 m * 10 m to 2000 m * 2000 m, avoided the randomness of prior art on the sampling grid degree.
(2) biotic population feature and mankind's activity situation have been considered in oil generation gas basin or hydrocarbon-bearing pool top topsoil and/or sedimental feature, soil and/or the settling to the impact of sampling depth, proposing the particular sample degree of depth of the present invention is from 10 cm to 200 cm, avoid the randomness of prior art on sampling depth, and guaranteed effectively to get rid of surface factor to the interference of Microbial prospecting of oil and gas and reservoir characterization method.
(3) biotic population feature and mankind's activity situation have been considered in oil generation gas basin or hydrocarbon-bearing pool top soil and/or sedimental feature, soil and/or the settling to the impact of sampling quantity, proposing particular sample amount of the present invention is from 20 g to 2000 g, avoided the randomness of prior art on sampling quantity, both guaranteed the counting precision of methane-oxidizing bacteria, and can improve again sample tests efficient, reduce cost.
(4) sample packaging and store method have been considered to the impact of follow-up methane-oxidizing bacteria counting, also rapidly sample being carried out freezing (10 ℃ to-30 ℃) proposition is packed sample with solid sterilizing bag after preserves, avoided the randomness of prior art to sample packaging and store method, not only evaded pollution that external environment may cause institute's collected specimens and the crossed contamination between the sample, and guaranteed that sample does not affect the counting precision of methane-oxidizing bacteria because of the change of its ambient conditions.
(5) according to the preservation situation of methane-oxidizing bacteria in soil and/or the settling, propose viable bacteria and the dead bacterium of methane-oxidizing bacteria in each sample are counted simultaneously; And prior art is only counted the viable bacteria of methane-oxidizing bacteria in the sample, and related to the dead bacterium of methane-oxidizing bacteria in the sample is not counted.
(6) prior art because of the number of viable that only adopts methane-oxidizing bacteria as the Microbial prospecting of oil and gas index, therefore not only might can't find the location that those microfissures in the exploration area the are in squeezed state potential target of oil-gas exploration (and be actually), and the methane total flux that can't assess tiny leakage in the exploration area is high in which location, and which location is low; And the present invention is unusual because of the unusual and dead bacterium of the viable bacteria that can obtain simultaneously methane-oxidizing bacteria, broken through the restriction bottleneck of prior art, both can effectively explore the location that those microfissures in the exploration area are in squeezed state, also can assess the spatial distribution characteristic of methane total flux in the exploration area of tiny leakage.Prior art is because analyzing by the sample to single acquisition, therefore it is unusual only to obtain the viable bacteria of methane-oxidizing bacteria; Obviously, can't carry out the microorganism sign to hydrocarbon-bearing pool based on these data; And the present invention is unusual because of the unusual and dead bacterium of viable bacteria that can obtain simultaneously methane-oxidizing bacteria from the sample of single acquisition, therefore just can carry out the microorganism sign to hydrocarbon-bearing pool based on the unusual similarities and differences of the unusual and dead bacterium of viable bacteria, broken through the restriction bottleneck of prior art, provide more efficient, convenient and technique means timely for middle and later periods hydrocarbon-bearing pool mining area lay to adjust well location and formulates recovery scheme, and the microorganism that has significantly reduced hydrocarbon-bearing pool characterize cost.
(7) from topsoil and/or settling, only can obtain the number of viable of methane-oxidizing bacteria because of prior art, therefore can't be used for inquiring into the tiny leakage history of exploration areas methane and developing; And number of viable and the dead bacterium quantity of the present invention because obtaining simultaneously methane-oxidizing bacteria, therefore can be used for inquiring into the tiny leakage history of exploration areas methane and developing.The current mining of hydrocarbon-bearing pool and the situation before the hydrocarbon-bearing pool exploitation can't be done contrast because of prior art, thereby restricted us the relation between Remaining Oil And Gas stock number and the produced quantity be assessed; And the viable bacteria unusual and dead bacterium unusual (wherein the dead bacterium of methane-oxidizing bacteria unusually can reflect hydrocarbon-bearing pool situation before exploitation) of the present invention because from the sample of single acquisition, obtaining simultaneously methane-oxidizing bacteria, therefore also can assess the Remaining Oil And Gas stock number of hydrocarbon-bearing pool and the relation between the produced quantity based on the unusual similarities and differences of the unusual and dead bacterium of viable bacteria, this is conducive in time, reasonably formulate layout scheme and the high-efficiency mining scheme of adjusting well in middle and later periods hydrocarbon-bearing pool mining area.
(8) from topsoil and/or settling, only can obtain the number of viable of methane-oxidizing bacteria because of prior art, therefore prior art is not suitable for for the exploration areas that is in now extreme environment; And number of viable and the dead bacterium quantity of the present invention because obtaining simultaneously methane-oxidizing bacteria, therefore can be used for oil-gas exploration is carried out in the exploration area that also is in extreme environment now.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the viable bacteria of the oil-gas exploration that relates to of embodiment 1 and reservoir characterization zone methane-oxidizing bacteria is schemed unusually;
Wherein, it is unusual that 1-1,1-2,1-3 and 1-4 represent 4 viable bacterias according to the delineation of methane-oxidizing bacteria number of viable; W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6, W7 and W8 are 8 producing wells that now recovering the oil.
Fig. 2 is that the dead bacterium of the oil-gas exploration that relates to of embodiment 1 and reservoir characterization zone methane-oxidizing bacteria is schemed unusually;
Wherein, it is unusual that 2-1,2-2,2-3 and 2-4 represent 4 dead bacterium according to the dead bacterium quantity delineation of methane-oxidizing bacteria; W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6, W7 and W8 are 8 producing wells that now recovering the oil.
Fig. 3 is that the viable bacteria of the reservoir characterization zone methane-oxidizing bacteria that relates to of embodiment 2 is schemed unusually;
Wherein, it is unusual that 3-1,3-2,3-3 and 3-4 represent 4 viable bacterias according to the delineation of methane-oxidizing bacteria number of viable.
Fig. 4 is that the dead bacterium of the reservoir characterization zone methane-oxidizing bacteria that relates to of embodiment 2 is schemed unusually;
Wherein, it is unusual that 4-1 and 4-2 represent 2 dead bacterium according to the dead bacterium quantity delineation of methane-oxidizing bacteria.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Embodiment 1 related zone is an oil gas Tibetan area (as depicted in figs. 1 and 2) of developing, and both can carry out Microbial prospecting of oil and gas, also can carry out reservoir characterization.The method comprises following concrete steps:
1, according to the accuracy requirement of thickness, exploration areas or hydrocarbon-bearing pool top soil and/or sedimental feature, oil-gas exploration and the reservoir characterization of the space size of oil generation gas basin, trap structure and hydrocarbon-bearing pool, hydrocarbon source rock, in selected exploration or sign zone, selected grid degree is 150 m ~ 250 m * 150 m ~ 250 m (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).
2, according to biotic population feature and mankind's activity situation in oil generation gas basin and hydrocarbon-bearing pool top soil and/or sedimental feature, soil and/or the settling, definite sampling depth is from 30 cm ~ 50 cm (table 1).
3, according to biotic population feature and mankind's activity situation in oil generation gas basin and hydrocarbon-bearing pool top soil and/or sedimental feature, soil and/or the settling, definite sampling quantity is 100 g ~ 500 g.
4, in selected oil-gas exploration and reservoir characterization zone, according to specific grid degree, sampling depth and sampling quantity system acquisition soil and/or sediment sample; Pack sample and sample is placed-15 ℃ refrigerator carry out freezing preservation rapidly with solid sterilizing bag.
5, adopt number of viable and the dead bacterium quantity (table 1) of methane-oxidizing bacteria in the fluorescence quantitative PCR method while working sample.
6, the viable bacteria data of the methane-oxidizing bacteria that obtains and the longitude and latitude data of dead bacterium data and sampling point are plotted on the map in selected exploration areas or reservoir characterization district in the lump, and with bacterium lines such as these data draftings, thereby obtain the viable bacteria unusual (Fig. 1) of methane-oxidizing bacteria and dead bacterium unusually (Fig. 2).
7, in conjunction with the number of viable and dead bacterium quantity (table 1) of methane-oxidizing bacteria, the viable bacteria of multianalysis methane-oxidizing bacteria unusual (Fig. 1) and dead bacterium be the feature of (Fig. 2) unusually, and both similarities and differences are carried out the contrast of following aspect:
(1) number, position and the variation thereof at unusual center;
(2) unusual form and variation thereof;
(3) unusual size and variation thereof;
(4) unusual intensity and variation thereof;
(5) relation and variation thereof between different unusual;
(6) the unusual and now relation between the producing well and variation thereof.
8, according to the unusual feature of the unusual and dead bacterium of the viable bacteria of methane-oxidizing bacteria and the similarities and differences between the two, and in conjunction with geological prospecting, geochemical prospecting and geophysical survey result, the following decision recommendation relevant with oil-gas exploration and reservoir characterization proposed for the underground oil and gas resource situation in exploration areas or reservoir characterization district:
(1) adopting number of viable is that index can be irised out 4 main abnormal (Fig. 1) in the exploration area, and wherein unusual 1-1 is for being with bicentric north-south unusual; Unusual 1-2 and unusual 1-3 are and are with bicentric East West unusual; Unusual 1-4 is that monocentric subcircular is unusual.
(2) adopting dead bacterium quantity is that index can be irised out 4 main unusual (Fig. 2) in the exploration area, wherein unusual 2-1 and unusually 2-4 to be monocentric subcircular unusual; Unusual 2-2 is for being with bicentric East West unusual; Unusual 2-3 is and is with bicentric north-south unusual.
(3) find after the unusual and dead bacterium of viable bacteria is compared research unusually: unusual 2-1 (Fig. 2) has bicentric unusual 1-1 (Fig. 1) because the oil recovery of producing well W1 is transformed into this unusually, the laying that shows producing well W1 has obviously departed from unusual 2-1, should be laid in this unusual central position therefore suggestion is following for this unusual producing well.Unusual 2-2 (Fig. 2) weakens this unusual center, right side because of the oil recovery of producing well W2 and W3, and on this unusual center, left side impact little (the unusual 1-2 among Fig. 1), the center, left side also keeps its original high unusually (the unusual 1-2 among Fig. 1), therefore the following position that should be laid in center, close unusually left side for this unusual producing well of suggestion.Unusual 2-3 (Fig. 2) makes this unusual long axis direction that deflection occur because of the oil recovery of producing well W4 ~ W8, change transmeridional unusual 1-3 (Fig. 1) into from the north-south, and this unusual southern center almost disappears (Fig. 1), should be laid near this unusual northern central position (Fig. 2) for this unusual producing well therefore suggestion is following.Unusual 2-4 (Fig. 2) is newfound microorganism intense anomaly, may represent new oil gas drilling target, and existing producing well is on substantially not impact of unusual 2-4 (Fig. 2), therefore should be laid near this unusual central position (Fig. 2) for this unusual producing well future.
Embodiment 2
Embodiment 2 related exploration areas are unknown exploration areas (as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4), but have carried out geological prospecting and seismic prospecting research.A kind of novel method of Microbial prospecting of oil and gas, the method comprise following concrete steps:
1, according to the size of oil generation gas basin and trap structure, thickness, topsoil and/or the sedimental feature of hydrocarbon source rock and the requirement of exploration order ground and surveying accuracy, in the survey area of selecting above oil generation gas basin, selected grid degree is 150 m ~ 250 m * 150 m ~ 250 m (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4).
2, according to biotic population feature and mankind's activity situation in oil generation gas basin top soil and/or sedimental feature, soil and/or the settling, determine that specific sampling depth is 20 cm ~ 70 cm (table 2).
3, according to biotic population feature and mankind's activity situation in oil generation gas basin top soil and/or sedimental feature, soil and/or the settling, definite sampling quantity is 100 g ~ 2000 g.
4, in selected exploration areas, according to selected grid degree, sampling depth and sampling quantity system acquisition soil and/or sediment sample; Pack sample and sample is placed-15 ℃ refrigerator carry out freezing preservation rapidly with solid sterilizing bag.
5, adopt number of viable and the dead bacterium quantity (table 2) of methane-oxidizing bacteria in the fluorescence quantitative PCR method while working sample.
6, the viable bacteria data of the methane-oxidizing bacteria that obtains and the longitude and latitude data of dead bacterium data and sampling point are plotted on the map of exploration areas in the lump, and these data the bacterium line such as are depicted as, thereby obtain the viable bacteria unusual (Fig. 3) of methane-oxidizing bacteria and dead bacterium unusually (Fig. 4).
7, in conjunction with the number of viable of methane-oxidizing bacteria and dead bacterium quantity (table 2), the viable bacteria of multianalysis methane-oxidizing bacteria unusual (Fig. 3) and dead bacterium be the feature of (Fig. 4) unusually, and both similarities and differences are compared.
8, according to the unusual and dead bacterium of the viable bacteria of methane-oxidizing bacteria unusual feature and the similarities and differences between the two (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), and in conjunction with geological prospecting, geochemical prospecting and geophysical survey result, the underground oil and gas resource situation of the exploration area of embodiment one is made following evaluation and prediction:
(1) adopting number of viable is that index can be irised out 4 unusual (Fig. 3) in the exploration area, i.e. unusual 3-1, unusual 3-2, unusual 3-3 and unusually 3-4, and it is unusual that they are monocentric subcircular; Wherein other is unusually high for the strength ratio of unusual 3-1.
(2) adopting dead bacterium quantity is that index also can be irised out 2 unusual (Fig. 4) in the exploration area, i.e. unusual 4-1 and unusually 4-2, and it is unusual that they are monocentric subcircular; Wherein the unusual 4-2 of the strength ratio of unusual 4-1 is high a lot.
(3) consider dead bacterium quantity and number of viable, dead bacterium is unusual and viable bacteria is unusual spatial distribution and geological prospecting result, can make following prediction, namely unusual 4-1 is likely new oil gas drilling target.
The analytical results of the number of viable of methane-oxidizing bacteria and dead bacterium quantity in the oil-gas exploration that table 1 relates to for embodiment 1 and the reservoir characterization district sample.
The analytical results of the number of viable of methane-oxidizing bacteria and dead bacterium quantity in the exploration areas sample that table 2 relates to for embodiment 2.
Table 1
| Sample number | Sampling depth (cm) | Number of viable (10 7Individual/the g sample) | Dead bacterium quantity (10 7Individual/the g sample) |
| B1 | 50 | 10400 | 20800 |
| B2 | 50 | 9950 | 65000 |
| B3 | 30 | 19350 | 5450 |
| B4 | 30 | 194000 | 4575000 |
| B5 | 50 | 1540000 | 1685000 |
| B6 | 50 | 1555000 | 1135000 |
| B7 | 50 | 2030000 | 1085000 |
| B8 | 50 | 695000 | 1325000 |
| B9 | 30 | 1 | 1465000 |
| B10 | 30 | 985000 | 1945000 |
| B11 | 50 | 11150 | 19800 |
| B12 | 30 | 8950 | 15700 |
| B13 | 50 | 15950 | 32850 |
| B14 | 30 | 15000 | 16500 |
| B15 | 30 | 915000 | 1025000 |
| B16 | 30 | 1430000 | 1100000 |
| B17 | 50 | 1130000 | 233500 |
| B18 | 50 | 231000 | 237500 |
| B19 | 50 | 1220000 | 204000 |
| B20 | 50 | 860000 | 287000 |
| B21 | 30 | 378500 | 9200000 |
| B22 | 50 | 2555000 | 4185000 |
| B23 | 30 | 225000 | 113500 |
| B24 | 50 | 55500 | 113500 |
| B25 | 50 | 570 | 1000 |
| B26 | 50 | 27500 | 22950 |
| B27 | 50 | 18250 | 33650 |
| B28 | 50 | 17450 | 21000 |
| B29 | 30 | 24400 | 11750 |
| B30 | 50 | 322000 | 305000 |
| B31 | 50 | 280000 | 249500 |
| B32 | 50 | 103500 | 118500 |
| B33 | 30 | 61000 | 91000 |
| B34 | 30 | 424 | 1035 |
| B35 | 50 | 28200 | 101500 |
| B36 | 50 | 23150 | 20850 |
| B37 | 50 | 18250 | 13400 |
| B38 | 50 | 22250 | 28050 |
| B39 | 30 | 13550 | 21250 |
| B40 | 50 | 1190000 | 1530000 |
| B41 | 50 | 935000 | 1430000 |
| B42 | 50 | 292000 | 372500 |
| B43 | 50 | 277500 | 331000 |
| B44 | 50 | 256000 | 249000 |
| B45 | 50 | 45950 | 319000 |
| B46 | 50 | 6900000 | 10500000 |
| B47 | 50 | 2995000 | 9200000 |
| B48 | 50 | 123500 | 429000 |
| B49 | 50 | 52500 | 137000 |
| B50 | 50 | 620 | 476 |
| B51 | 50 | 19250 | 18950 |
| B52 | 30 | 20900 | 28550 |
| B53 | 50 | 19150 | 22700 |
| B54 | 50 | 11150 | 17550 |
| B55 | 30 | 261000 | 1355000 |
| B56 | 50 | 515000 | 1870000 |
| B57 | 50 | 900000 | 1170000 |
| B58 | 50 | 286500 | 460500 |
| B59 | 30 | 250500 | 315500 |
| B60 | 50 | 200500 | 421500 |
| B61 | 50 | 427500 | 393500 |
| B62 | 30 | 2565000 | 9900000 |
| B63 | 30 | 1745000 | 660000 |
| B64 | 50 | 159500 | 468500 |
| B65 | 50 | 54000 | 3545 |
| B66 | 50 | 520 | 2500 |
| B67 | 30 | 17250 | 20250 |
| B68 | 30 | 22300 | 70500 |
| B69 | 30 | 24050 | 24400 |
| B70 | 50 | 27850 | 11000 |
| B71 | 50 | 770000 | 1470000 |
| B72 | 50 | 615000 | 2110000 |
| B73 | 30 | 9550 | 93000 |
| B74 | 50 | 345500 | 139000 |
| B75 | 50 | 378000 | 451500 |
| B76 | 50 | 315500 | 365500 |
| B77 | 30 | 353000 | 378000 |
| B78 | 50 | 8950000 | 9200000 |
| B79 | 30 | 1790000 | 620000 |
| B80 | 30 | 244500 | 98500 |
| B81 | 50 | 8850 | 6600 |
| B82 | 50 | 425 | 384 |
| B83 | 30 | 10100 | 8750 |
| B84 | 30 | 20600 | 31550 |
| B85 | 50 | 22950 | 54000 |
Table 2
| Period | Sampling depth (cm) | Number of viable (10 10Individual/the g sample) | Dead bacterium quantity (10 10Individual/the g sample) |
| X1 | 70 | 13900 | 14150 |
| X2 | 70 | 44 | 183000 |
| X3 | 30 | 62 | 69 |
| X4 | 50 | 3 | 3 |
| X5 | 50 | 25 | 26 |
| X6 | 50 | 11 | 16 |
| X7 | 30 | 37 | 38 |
| X8 | 30 | 46 | 16 |
| X9 | 30 | 22 | 21 |
| X10 | 30 | 1440 | 1510 |
| X11 | 30 | 1735 | 1830 |
| X12 | 20 | 255 | 276 |
| X13 | 30 | 329 | 685 |
| X14 | 50 | 775 | 1195 |
| X15 | 50 | 835 | 1220 |
| X16 | 50 | 1885 | 2670 |
| X17 | 50 | 10300 | 10400 |
| X18 | 50 | 7 | 376 |
| X19 | 50 | 243 | 253 |
| X20 | 30 | 3 | 3 |
| X21 | 30 | 9 | 16 |
| X22 | 50 | 8 | 16 |
| X23 | 50 | 26 | 28 |
| X24 | 50 | 28 | 20 |
| X25 | 50 | 30 | 25 |
| X26 | 50 | 620 | 990 |
| X27 | 50 | 1495 | 2115 |
| X28 | 50 | 560 | 620 |
| X29 | 50 | 100 | 122 |
| X30 | 30 | 494 | 725 |
| X31 | 50 | 555 | 775 |
| X32 | 50 | 540 | 995 |
| X33 | 50 | 4370 | 6100 |
| X34 | 50 | 12 | 136 |
| X35 | 50 | 1740 | 2095 |
| X36 | 50 | 6 | 7 |
| X37 | 50 | 2 | 3 |
| X38 | 50 | 15 | 22 |
| X39 | 50 | 23 | 27 |
| X40 | 30 | 27 | 15 |
| X41 | 30 | 90 | 27 |
| X42 | 50 | 610 | 970 |
| X43 | 50 | 2200 | 1870 |
| X44 | 50 | 675 | 396 |
| X45 | 50 | 289 | 685 |
| X46 | 50 | 439 | 755 |
| X47 | 50 | 705 | 1450 |
| X48 | 50 | 4035 | 510 |
| X49 | 50 | 5050 | 4610 |
| X50 | 50 | 685 | 69 |
| X51 | 50 | 6 | 6 |
| X52 | 50 | 22 | 28 |
| X53 | 50 | 5 | 14 |
| X54 | 50 | 14 | 22 |
| X55 | 50 | 15 | 21 |
| X56 | 50 | 1040 | 1375 |
| X57 | 30 | 945 | 1450 |
| X58 | 30 | 670 | 825 |
| X59 | 30 | 478 | 520 |
| X60 | 30 | 327 | 745 |
Claims (4)
1. the method for an oil-gas exploration and reservoir characterization, it is characterized in that realizing in the following way: measure the dead bacterium of methane-oxidizing bacteria in exploration areas and/or the reservoir characterization district or measure simultaneously viable bacteria and the dead bacterium of methane-oxidizing bacteria, obtain the dead bacterium quantity of methane-oxidizing bacteria or obtain simultaneously the number of viable of methane-oxidizing bacteria and bacterium quantity extremely;
The method of described oil-gas exploration and reservoir characterization may further comprise the steps:
(1) in the exploration of selecting above oil generation gas basin or hydrocarbon-bearing pool or the sign zone, lay sampling point by the grid degree of delimiting, the size of described grid degree is 10 m * 10 m ~ 2000 m * 2000 m;
(2) determine that the degree of depth of sampling is 10 ~ 200 cm;
(3) determine that sampling quantity is 20 ~ 2000 g;
(4) number of viable of methane-oxidizing bacteria and dead bacterium quantity in the employing fluorescence quantitative PCR method working sample;
(5) the viable bacteria data of the methane-oxidizing bacteria that obtains and the longitude and latitude data of dead bacterium data and sampling point are plotted on map, topographic map, geologic map or the terrain and geologic map in selected exploration areas or reservoir characterization district in the lump, and with bacterium lines such as these data draftings, thereby the unusual and dead bacterium of viable bacteria that obtains methane-oxidizing bacteria is unusual;
(6) according to the feature that dead bacterium is unusual, viable bacteria is unusual and dead bacterium is unusual of methane-oxidizing bacteria and the unusual and dead bacterium of the viable bacteria similarities and differences between unusually, and in conjunction with geological prospecting, geochemical prospecting and geophysical survey result, the underground oil and gas resource situation in exploration areas or reservoir characterization district is made evaluation and prediction;
Wherein, step (3) gained sample also carries out freezing preservation with sample rapidly with the bag packaging through sterilization, and the freezing storage temperature of sample is that-10 ° of C are to-30 ° of C.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, according to the dead bacterium quantity of methane-oxidizing bacteria or obtain simultaneously number of viable and the dead bacterium quantity of methane-oxidizing bacteria, obtains dead bacterium unusual, or it is unusual to obtain simultaneously the unusual and dead bacterium of viable bacteria of methane-oxidizing bacteria.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, dead bacterium by selected methane-oxidizing bacteria is unusual, or the unusual and dead bacterium of viable bacteria of selecting simultaneously methane-oxidizing bacteria is unusual, or the similarities and differences between unusual take the unusual and dead bacterium of the viable bacteria of methane-oxidizing bacteria are carried out oil and gas resource evaluation and prediction as the index of Microbial prospecting of oil and gas to exploration areas.
4. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the index take the similarities and differences of the unusual and dead bacterium of the viable bacteria of methane-oxidizing bacteria between unusually as the microorganism reservoir characterization is estimated and predicted the dynamic change of hydrocarbon resources in the hydrocarbon-bearing pool recovery process.
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| CN104975090B (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2018-07-20 | 广州安能特化学科技有限公司 | A kind of automated detection method of butane oxidation bacterium abundance |
| CN106480167B (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2020-01-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for exploring oil gas by using microorganisms |
| CN107574122B (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2020-05-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Oil gas microorganism recovery solution, oil gas microorganism sample recovery method and application |
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