CN102174220A - Application of rare earth hydroxide as flame-retardant synergist in high molecular materials - Google Patents
Application of rare earth hydroxide as flame-retardant synergist in high molecular materials Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to application of rare earth hydroxide as flame-retardant synergist in high molecular materials, characterized in that: the rare earth hydroxide as flame-retardant synergist in an ultrafine particle form of the micron order and below is added to the high molecular materials; the high molecular materials comprise polyolefine, polyester or phenyl polymer; the rare earth hydroxide accounts for 0.5-5wt.% of the system by weight; a halogen-free flame retardant accounts for 14.5-45wt.% of the system by weight; and the high molecular materials account for 50-85wt.% of the system by weight. The rare earth hydroxide has the advantages of obviously improving the flame-retardant effect of the high molecular materials, elevating the flame-retardant grades of the high molecular materials, and being suitable for flame retardance of polyolefine, polyester or phenyl polymer high molecular materials.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rare-earth hydroxide as the application of retardant synergist in macromolecular material, belong to the flame retardant type polymeric material field.
Background technology
Because macromolecular material has unique character such as energy-conservation, light weight, good processability, be widely used in the every field of national economy.But inflammable because of most of macromolecular materials, combustionvelocity is very fast, thermal value is very high, smoke-producing amount is big and discharge poisonous gas, and the people's life and property caused serious threat.At present both at home and abroad to the fire-retardant main employing interpolation fire retardant of macromolecular material, fire retardant is that a class can stop polymer materials to ignite or suppresses the auxiliary agent of propagation of flame, adopting fire retardant material is to prevent and reduce one of strategic measure of fire, is the major action that is related to " environment and the mankind ".Fire retardant mainly contains Halogen system and Halogen system, and the burning of Halogen system fire retardant the time discharges a large amount of flue gases and poisonous or corrosive gas, causes " secondary pollution " and depletion of the ozone layer easily and is eliminated gradually.The Halogen system is a kind of environment friendly flame retardant, mainly comprises expansion type flame retardant and inorganic combustion inhibitor.Expansion type flame retardant is to be the composite flame-retardant agent of core element with phosphorus nitrogen, main composition partly is acid source (dewatering agent), carbon source (carbon forming agent) and source of the gas (whipping agent), expansion type flame retardant is in the development phase, and existing expansion type flame-retarding system ubiquity that addition is big, flame retarding efficiency is low, moisture absorption is serious, three components of fire retardant are too disperseed and is difficult to problem such as synergy.Inorganic combustion inhibitor comprises that with aluminium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide be the aluminum-magnesium series of representative, inorganic phosphorus system, antimony system and boron system, tin system, inorganic silicon and the molybdenum class of phosphoric acid salt, because the inorganic combustion inhibitor major part is a packing type, have in macromolecular material that consistency is poor, addition is big, be difficult to disperse, and influences problems such as the physical and mechanical properties of material and processing characteristics.
The valence electron structure of rare earth element uniqueness makes it have the effect of many uniquenesses, rare earth compound concentrates on olefinic polymerization/multipolymer catalyzer in the application of field of polymer technology at present, the thermo-stabilizer of polyvinyl chloride, filling-modified polymkeric substance and preparation rare earth functional materials, few about rare earth compound at the report aspect the high molecular fire retardant, people such as Zhang Yan (Liaoning chemical industry of chemical engineering institute of Institutes Of Technology Of Nanjing, 2002,31 (8): 339-) studied the cooperative flame retardant effect of rare-earth oxide and ammonium polyphosphate flame retardant, think the no obvious fire retardation of rare-earth oxide itself, but have synergy with ammonium polyphosphate.In addition, people such as the Hu Yuan of China Science ﹠ Technology University (patent of invention, 200910144734.6) with lanthanum orthophosphate, Cerium monophosphate as retardant synergist, not only improved the flame retarding efficiency of nitrogen-phosphorus expansion fire retardant, and reduced the disadvantageous effect of fire retardant the matrix mechanical property.
Fire-retardantization is one of important content of polymer modification, various countries have formulated the fire-retardant rules of relevant material in succession, flame retardant properties to macromolecular material proposes more and more higher requirement, even becoming the necessary performance of macromolecular material in some fields, fire retardant efficient, cleaning is the development trend of high molecular fire retardant.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to have drawback at have the halogen-free flame retardants that adds now in macromolecular material, particularly the problem of flame retarding efficiency provides a kind of rare-earth hydroxide as the application of retardant synergist in macromolecular material.
Rare earth is the superior resources of China, and the new purposes of exploitation rare earth is the rare-earth trade urgent problem.Rare-earth hydroxide itself is nontoxic, and the poisonous or corrosive gases and the smog that can not generate during burning have sufficient raw, and manufacturing process is simple, and is cheap, therefore is convenient to promote and have the market competitiveness.In recent years; it is possible that improve and the maturation of chemical synthesis process changes into the material ultra micron; the adding of ultra micron rare-earth hydroxide, one side can reduce the add-on of fire retardant, can reduce the influence to the base material physical and mechanical properties that is caused because of the fire retardant adding on the other hand.In addition, rare-earth hydroxide has enough thermostabilitys, and dehydration temperaturre can not decomposed under by the processing temperature of ignition resistant substrate between 250～400 ℃, meets the requirement of fire retardant.The present invention is applied to flame retardant area just at the flame-retarding characteristic that rare-earth hydroxide had with rare-earth hydroxide, opens up rare earth compound in the high molecular fire retardant Application for Field.
The objective of the invention is to realize in the following manner:
Rare-earth hydroxide is added in the macromolecular material with the form of micron order and the ultrafine particle below the micron order as retardant synergist, and it is 0.5-5wt.% that rare-earth hydroxide accounts for system weight per-cent; It is 14.5-45wt.% that halogen-free flame retardants accounts for system weight per-cent; The weight percent that macromolecular material accounts for system is 50-85wt.%; Wherein: rare-earth hydroxide is selected one or more in the following rare-earth hydroxide for use: 1. single rare earth oxyhydroxide, lanthanum hydroxide, praseodymium hydroxide, yttrium hydroxide, neodymium hydroxide Neodymium trihydroxide; 2. mixed rare earth hydroxide, lanthanum rich mischmetal is or/and cerium-rich mischmetal; 3. composite rare earth hydroxide, two or more single rare earth oxyhydroxide are compound; 4. rare earth compound, the mixture of one or more in lanthanum trioxide, cerium oxide, Praseodymium trioxide, Neodymium trioxide, yttrium oxide, lanthanum orthophosphate, Cerium monophosphate or the stearic acid lanthanum and single rare earth oxyhydroxide or mixed rare earth hydroxide; 5. the rare-earth hydroxide of phosphoric acid surface modification.
The rare-earth hydroxide of described phosphoric acid surface modification, used concentration of phosphoric acid are 1%-85wt.%.
Described macromolecular material is a kind of in polyolefine, polyester or the phenyl polymer.
Described halogen-free flame retardants comprises inorganic combustion inhibitor and expansion type flame retardant two big classes, wherein inorganic combustion inhibitor comprises aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, weisspiessglanz, stannic oxide, molybdenum oxide, zinc borate, red phosphorus, ammonium molybdate, zirconium white and zirconium hydroxide, and expansion type flame retardant comprises that ammonium polyphosphate, trimeric cyanamide and salt thereof, ammonium phosphate, Secondary ammonium phosphate, primary ammonium phosphate, ammonium pyrophosphate, zinc phosphate, phosphorus-nitrogen are that simple substance expansion type flame retardant and phosphorus-nitrogen are mixed expanded fire retardant.
Advantage of the present invention is: with the expansion type flame-retarding system is example, by prior art, it is only can reach the V2 rank at 25% o'clock that expansion type flame retardant accounts for system total mass per-cent, can not reach the UL-94V-0 rank, and adopt the expansion type flame retardant that contains the rare-earth hydroxide retardant synergist of the present invention to come polypropylene flame redardant, owing to contain retardant synergist in the system, it is can reach the UL-94V0 rank at 20～24% o'clock that expansion type flame retardant accounts for system total mass per-cent, has obviously reduced the consumption of fire retardant.That is to say, only need add and account for system total mass per-cent 1-5% rare-earth hydroxide, just can obviously improve flame retardant effect, promoted fire-retardant rank, the effect of performance " rare earth monosodium glutamate ".In addition, because all rare-earth hydroxide particles are tiny, these ultra microns just can be distributed in the polymer base material equably, under the prerequisite that does not influence the Material Physics mechanical property, effectively improve flame retarding efficiency.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the X-ray diffractogram of used lanthanum hydroxide among the embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the high-resolution electron microscopy figure of used lanthanum hydroxide among the embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the high-resolution electron microscopy figure that handles lanthanum hydroxide among the embodiment 5 with phosphoric acid;
Fig. 4 is the thermogravimetric curve of used lanthanum hydroxide among the embodiment.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
At first ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and tetramethylolmethane (PER) are pressed mass ratio mixing in 2: 1, form the mixture of APP and PER, take by weighing mass ratio and account for the APP of system total mass 23% and the mixture of PER, take by weighing mass ratio again and account for 2% lanthanum hydroxide, put into stirrer and stir, obtain containing the expandable flame retardant system of lanthanum hydroxide retardant synergist.Weighing mass percent then accounts for the polypropylene (PP) of system total mass 70% and 5% maleic anhydride inoculated polypropylene (MAPP), itself and the expansion flame-retardant material that contains retardant synergist handled 4-20h in 80 ℃ of baking ovens after, at 170 ℃ it is carried out mixing, pelletizing and granulation through twin screw extruder, obtain the polypropylene flame redardant particle.At last the polypropylene flame redardant particle is joined in the plastic-injection moulding machine, at 190 ℃ of standard battens of producing 130mm * 13mm * 3mm and 130mm * 6.5mm * 3mm.Select 130mm * 13mm * 3mm batten for use, press ASTM D635-77 standard, carry out the test of UL-94 vertical combustion on CZF-3 type horizontal vertical burning determinator, sample can reach the UL-94V-0 rank; Select 130mm * 6.5mm * 3mm batten for use, press ASTM D2863-77 standard, test on HC-2 type limiting oxygen index determination instrument, its limiting oxygen index(LOI) value reaches 30.5.
As a comparison, with the expanding flame-proof material that do not contain lanthanum hydroxide synergy fire retardant as check sample, wherein the mixture of APP and PER accounts for 25% of system total mass, other each components are identical with the interpolation lanthanum hydroxide with content, preparation technology and testing method, the T1+T2 value of five samples of UL-94 vertical combustion test is all between 20 to 30 seconds, and have serious drip phenomenon, vertical combustion does not reach the UL-94V-0 rank.The limiting oxygen index(LOI) value of limiting oxygen index determination instrument test is only for being 27.
Embodiment 2:
According to adding identical proportioning and the technology of single rare earth oxyhydroxide, relatively add the influence of mixed rare earth hydroxide to polypropylene fire retardant system flame retardant properties with embodiment 1.Test result shows, the system of interpolation mixed rare earth hydroxide not only vertical combustion can reach the UL-94V-0 rank, and the more un-added check sample of limiting oxygen index(LOI) value obviously improves, reach 30.5, the check sample that does not more add retardant synergist exceeds 3.5 units, it is more difficult that illustrative material is lighted the check sample that complexity more do not add retardant synergist, and the system incendiary is dangerous to be reduced.
Embodiment 3:
After being the accurate weighing of ratio in 3: 2 according to lanthanum hydroxide and lanthanum orthophosphate weight percent,, be made into the mixture of lanthanum hydroxide and lanthanum orthophosphate with the two thorough mixing.Adopt with embodiment 1 and add identical proportioning and the technology of single rare earth oxyhydroxide, mass ratio being accounted for 2% lanthanum hydroxide replaces with the lanthanum hydroxide that present embodiment was made into and the mixture of lanthanum orthophosphate, join and measure flame retardant properties in the system, the vertical combustion of system also can reach the UL-94V-0 rank, the limiting oxygen index(LOI) value reaches 31.5, the check sample that does not more add retardant synergist exceeds 4.5 units, and flame retardant effect is remarkable.
Embodiment 4:
Lanthanum hydroxide and cerous hydroxide are mixed according to 1: 1 weight percent, form compound rare-earth hydroxide.Adopt with embodiment 1 and add identical proportioning and the technology of single rare earth oxyhydroxide, mass ratio being accounted for 2% lanthanum hydroxide replaces with the composite rare earth hydroxide that present embodiment was made into, join and measure flame retardant properties in the system, the vertical combustion of system also can reach the UL-94V-0 rank, the limiting oxygen index(LOI) value reaches 30.5, and the check sample that does not more add retardant synergist exceeds 3.5 units.
Embodiment 5:
Lanthanum hydroxide was handled 75 minutes at 90 ℃ with 10% phosphoric acid, then after filtration, clean, oven dry, obtain the lanthanum hydroxide handled with phosphoric acid after pulverizing.Adopt with embodiment 1 and add identical proportioning and the technology of single rare earth oxyhydroxide, mass ratio is accounted for the rare-earth hydroxide replacement that 2% lanthanum hydroxide was handled with present embodiment phosphoric acid, join and measure flame retardant properties in the system, vertical combustion all can reach the UL-94V-0 rank, but the limiting oxygen index(LOI) value is low slightly, is 29.
Embodiment 6:
Adopt proportioning and the technology identical with embodiment 1, take by weighing mass ratio respectively and account for 0,0.5,1,2,3,5% lanthanum hydroxide, test the influence of different additions to flame retardant properties, test result sees Table 1.
The lanthanum hydroxide that adds different content from test result as can be seen is different to the flame retardant properties influence, addition all can not improve flame retardant properties very little or too much, the lanthanum hydroxide of interpolation 1-2wt.% not only vertical combustion grade reaches the V0 level, and oxygen index also reaches 29-30.5, and the check sample that does not add retardant synergist has improved 2 to 3.5 units.Comprehensive vertical combustion and oxygen index result, the optimum addition of lanthanum hydroxide is 1wt.%.
If with used ammonium polyphosphate among the embodiment 1,2,3,4,5,6 replace to trimeric cyanamide and salt thereof, ammonium phosphate, Secondary ammonium phosphate, primary ammonium phosphate, ammonium pyrophosphate, zinc phosphate, phosphorus-nitrogen is that simple substance expansion type flame retardant, phosphorus-nitrogen are one or more in mixed expanded fire retardant, aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, weisspiessglanz, stannic oxide, molybdenum oxide, zinc borate, red phosphorus, ammonium molybdate, zirconium white or the zirconium hydroxide, polypropylene is replaced in polyolefine, polyester or the phenyl polymer one or more, also can obtain to embodiment in similar flame retardance results.
Claims (4)
1. a rare-earth hydroxide is as the application of retardant synergist in macromolecular material, it is characterized in that: rare-earth hydroxide is added in the macromolecular material with the form of micron order and the ultrafine particle below the micron order as retardant synergist, described macromolecular material comprises polyolefine, polyester or phenyl polymer, and it is 0.5-5wt.% that rare-earth hydroxide accounts for system weight per-cent; It is 14.5-45wt.% that halogen-free flame retardants accounts for system weight per-cent; The weight percent that macromolecular material accounts for system is 50-85wt.%; Wherein: rare-earth hydroxide is selected one or more in the following rare-earth hydroxide for use: 1. single rare earth oxyhydroxide, lanthanum hydroxide, praseodymium hydroxide, yttrium hydroxide, neodymium hydroxide Neodymium trihydroxide; 2. mixed rare earth hydroxide, lanthanum rich mischmetal is or/and cerium-rich mischmetal; 3. composite rare earth hydroxide, two or more single rare earth oxyhydroxide are compound; 4. rare earth compound, the mixture of one or more in lanthanum trioxide, cerium oxide, Praseodymium trioxide, Neodymium trioxide, yttrium oxide, lanthanum orthophosphate, Cerium monophosphate or the stearic acid lanthanum and single rare earth oxyhydroxide or mixed rare earth hydroxide; 5. the rare-earth hydroxide of phosphoric acid surface modification.
2. rare-earth hydroxide according to claim 1 is characterized in that as the application of retardant synergist in macromolecular material: the rare-earth hydroxide of described phosphoric acid surface modification, used concentration of phosphoric acid are 1%-85wt.%.
3. rare-earth hydroxide according to claim 1 is as the application of retardant synergist in macromolecular material, it is characterized in that: described halogen-free flame retardants comprises inorganic combustion inhibitor and expansion type flame retardant two big classes, wherein inorganic combustion inhibitor comprises aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, weisspiessglanz, stannic oxide, molybdenum oxide, zinc borate, red phosphorus, ammonium molybdate, zirconium white and zirconium hydroxide, expansion type flame retardant comprises ammonium polyphosphate, trimeric cyanamide and salt thereof, ammonium phosphate, Secondary ammonium phosphate, primary ammonium phosphate, ammonium pyrophosphate, zinc phosphate, phosphorus-nitrogen is that simple substance expansion type flame retardant and phosphorus-nitrogen are mixed expanded fire retardant.
4. rare-earth hydroxide according to claim 1 is characterized in that as the application of retardant synergist in macromolecular material: described macromolecular material is a kind of in polyolefine, polyester or the phenyl polymer.
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105037287A (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2015-11-11 | 广东华南精细化工研究院有限公司 | Melamine polyphosphoric acid rare earth metal salt, synthetic method and application |
| CN106916396A (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2017-07-04 | 安徽国登管业科技有限公司 | PVC power pipes and preparation method thereof |
| CN110079008A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-08-02 | 池州市锐强新材料有限公司 | A kind of halogen-free intumescent flame-retardant special breathable membrane material and preparation method thereof |
| CN111073057A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-28 | 广州市白云化工实业有限公司 | Heat-resistant additive, silicone rubber material and preparation method of silicone rubber material |
| CN113444335A (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2021-09-28 | 东莞金熙特高分子材料实业有限公司 | Flame-retardant HIPS material |
| CN113637254A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2021-11-12 | 包头稀土研究院 | Preparation method of polyolefin composition and application of piperazine compound |
| CN114197077A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-18 | 厦门稀土材料研究所 | Rare earth flame-retardant nylon fiber and preparation method thereof |
| CN114585671A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2022-06-03 | 特莱巴赫工业有限公司 | Heat stabilizer for polyester |
| CN114656828A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-06-24 | 青岛爱尔家佳新材料股份有限公司 | Flame-retardant polyurea for new energy battery box and preparation method thereof |
| CN115850943A (en) * | 2022-12-14 | 2023-03-28 | 上海中镭新材料科技有限公司 | Flame-retardant mineral-filled PC/ABS composition |
| CN115975309A (en) * | 2023-02-01 | 2023-04-18 | 包头稀土研究院 | Flame-retardant composition, preparation method and application thereof, PVC resin composition and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105037287A (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2015-11-11 | 广东华南精细化工研究院有限公司 | Melamine polyphosphoric acid rare earth metal salt, synthetic method and application |
| CN106916396A (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2017-07-04 | 安徽国登管业科技有限公司 | PVC power pipes and preparation method thereof |
| CN110079008A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-08-02 | 池州市锐强新材料有限公司 | A kind of halogen-free intumescent flame-retardant special breathable membrane material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN113637254B (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2023-03-03 | 包头稀土研究院 | Preparation method of polyolefin composition and application of piperazine compound |
| CN113637254A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2021-11-12 | 包头稀土研究院 | Preparation method of polyolefin composition and application of piperazine compound |
| CN114197077A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-18 | 厦门稀土材料研究所 | Rare earth flame-retardant nylon fiber and preparation method thereof |
| CN114197077B (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2023-07-11 | 厦门稀土材料研究所 | Rare earth flame-retardant nylon fiber and preparation method thereof |
| CN114656828A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-06-24 | 青岛爱尔家佳新材料股份有限公司 | Flame-retardant polyurea for new energy battery box and preparation method thereof |
| CN114656828B (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-11-22 | 青岛爱尔家佳新材料股份有限公司 | Flame-retardant polyurea for new energy battery box and preparation method thereof |
| CN115850943A (en) * | 2022-12-14 | 2023-03-28 | 上海中镭新材料科技有限公司 | Flame-retardant mineral-filled PC/ABS composition |
| CN115975309A (en) * | 2023-02-01 | 2023-04-18 | 包头稀土研究院 | Flame-retardant composition, preparation method and application thereof, PVC resin composition and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20110907 |