CN102173485A - Method for treating ship ballast water by injecting oxygen active particles in transmission pipe - Google Patents
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- CN102173485A CN102173485A CN 201010602305 CN201010602305A CN102173485A CN 102173485 A CN102173485 A CN 102173485A CN 201010602305 CN201010602305 CN 201010602305 CN 201010602305 A CN201010602305 A CN 201010602305A CN 102173485 A CN102173485 A CN 102173485A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for treating ship ballast water by injecting oxygen active particles in a transmission pipe and belongs to the technical fields of plasma physics and marine environmental protection application. The method is characterized in that oxygen is ionized and dissociated in a strong ionization electric field to form oxygen active particles (O2+, O(1D), O(3P) and O3), and the concentration of the oxygen active particles reaches 100 mg/L to 400 mg/L; the oxygen active particles react with the ballast water to generate a HO2- initiator with a reaction rate constant of 2.2*106 L/mol.s, and the concentration of the HO2- initiator reaches 40 mg/L to 300 mg/L; the oxygen active particles react with the ballast water under the action of the HO2- initiator to generate hydroxyl radicals (.OH), and the concentration of the hydroxyl radicals reaches 0.4 mg/L to 160 mg/L; and the efficiency of killing aquatic organisms and pathogens in the ballast water reaches 96% to 100%. The invention has the benefit and advantage of solving the problems of ballast water treatment and providing the simple and high-efficiency ballast water treatment method which does not need catalysts, absorbents or reducers and does not cause any adverse effect on the environment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plasma physics and marine environmental protection applied technical field, relate to a kind of in conveying pipe the oxygen activity particle inject the Treatment of Ships'Ballast Water method.
Background technology
The disaster that external harmful organism invasion spreads through sex intercourse and causes is regarded as four one of threats greatly that the ocean faces by Global Environment Facility's tissue (GEF).The water ballast of boats and ships discharging is to cause the main approach that harmful organism is propagated between geographical sexual isolation water body.About 10,000,000,000 tons of the water ballast that annual global boats and ships carry, the ballast water yield that 100,000 tons of freighters of a load-carrying carry can reach ten thousand tons of 5-6, and average every cubic metre of water ballast has 1.1 hundred million of the animals and plants of swimming, bacterium 10
3Hundred million, virus 10
4Hundred million, the biology that every day, carried in water ballast in the whole world has the 3000-4000 kind, and 300,000,000 of survival dinoflagellate cysts are only just arranged in a water ballast tank, and 22500/cm is arranged in the settling of the bilge
3The plant plankton spore.Up to the present, confirmed that the living species about 500 kinds is water-borne by ballast for cruising.Compare with the natural marine eco-environment, ballast water for ship is the ecosystem under a kind of particular surroundings, often has extremely strong vitality and competitive power through the biology of water ballast domestication and survival.In a single day they be discharged in the nature ocean environment, just may produce uncontrollable " avalanche type " breeding, endemic species caused great impact, even cause local species extinction, causes a series of environmental disasters.The fact shows that ballast water for ship is to cause ocean species diversity destructive one of the main reasons in the global range, also is one of swift and violent important channel of propagating of big area of causing harmful parasite and pathogenic agent.Invasive species brings massive losses to global economy, and according to incompletely statistics, this loss is annual with nearly 10,000,000,000 dollars speed increase.The external harmful organism invasion scale that ballast water for ship causes is still enlarging, and therefore, the IMO of International Maritime Organizaton seeks effective ballast water tackling method to whole world urgent appeal.And all there are many problems in existing ballast water treatment equipment and method:
1) power consumption is high " to change the method for water ballast at the boat deep-sea ", and operation, working time are long;
2) facility that not only adds in the heavy corrosion cabin for the method that guarantees the killing microorganisms superchlorination more can produce carcinogenic organic chloride, and can there be safety problems such as leakage, blast in the liquid chlorine of depositing several tons aboard ship;
3) present adoptable method all exists safety and energy consumption big as change to handle in boat or handle at destination port on the bank, or local government invests a few mouthful maintenance problems such as management are set.Therefore, it is extremely urgent to develop a kind of method of simple, effective online improvement water ballast.
The improvement of ballast water for ship should be followed the requirement of senior (advanced person) oxidation technology (AOT or AOP), solves the problem of environmental pollution the governance process from the source, makes every effort to realize zero pollution, zero waste discharge.For this reason, adopting green strong oxidizer hydroxyl radical free radical (OH) is first-selected method, OH (E
0=2.80V) oxidation capacity with fluorine is suitable, is one of the strongest chemical substance of offensiveness, and dissimilar chemical reactions almost can take place with all biomacromolecule, organism and inorganicss in it.Hydroxyl radical free radical has the extremely strong characteristic of killing the ocean biological invasion, can kill the ocean biological invasion in the water ballast course of conveying.
The main production method of hydroxyl radical free radical has photocatalytic method (UV+TiO
2), optical radiation (UV), Fe
2+(Feton) reaction, UV (UV-light)+O
3(ozone), UV+H
2O
2(hydrogen peroxide), ultrasonic wave are decomposed and synergy etc., have been effectively applied to remove organic in the sewage, noxious pollutant and aspects such as underground water, drinking water treatment.But the problem that above-mentioned hydroxyl free base generation method exists: concentration and generation that (1) produces OH are little, can only experimentize among a small circle and applied research; Need add a large amount of medicaments and catalyzer such as H when (2) processing hydroxyl radical free radical
2O
2, O
3, TiO
2, Fe
2+(molysite) is with H mostly
2O
2, O
3As reactive agent, there is the high and use H of treatment cost
2O
2Security problems; (3) chemical reaction rate constant is lower than 3L/mols, finishes chemical time at 20min-90min; (4) need add bulky equipment such as efficient bubble column reactor, rotary packed bed reactor, fluidized bed photo catalysis reactor, impact flow reactor in the application process, so that strengthen biochemical reaction rate and improve processing efficiency; (5) because uviolizing (UV) penetrance ability is poor, need add huge ultraviolet radiation apparatus, be difficult to be applied to administer on the large ship water ballast.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of in conveying pipe the oxygen activity particle inject the Treatment of Ships'Ballast Water method.Present method has been followed internationalization educational circles research forward position " Green Chemistry " principle, adopts crude substance O
2Be raw material, under green environment close friend's normal temperature and pressure and catalyst-free condition, utilize the extreme physical means of atmospheric pressure electric field discharge, O
2(8.4eV 12.5eV) generates O to dissociative ionization
2 +, O (
1D), O (
3P), O
3The isoreactivity particle injects water ballast conveying pipe, the O in the oxygen activity particle with the high oxygen concentration active particle that is generated by gas liquid mixer
2 +Generating high initial reaction rate constant with the water reaction is 2.2 * 10
6The hydroperoxyl radical IONS OF H O of L/mol.s
2 -Initiator, the O in the oxygen activity particle
2 +, O
3With initiator HO
2 -Carry out the active particle group of plasma reaction generation, kill harmful hydrobiont and pathogenic agent in the water ballast, while degradable organic pollutant matter, purifier vessel ship ballast water based on OH; This equipment is simple, efficient, without catalyzer, absorption agent and reductive agent, does not produce the byproduct of any secondary pollution, environment is not produced the ballast water processing of any negative impact.
Technical solution technical scheme that problem adopts of the present invention is:
The oxygen activity particle generator utilizes the extreme physical means of high-frequency and high-voltage power supply highfield discharge, airborne oxygen ionization is generated the O of low discharge high density
2 +, O (
1D), O (
3P), O
3On the oxygen activity particle, inject the water ballast conveying pipe or transport main pipe line, O in the oxygen activity particle
2 +Generate high density (100mg/L～400mg/L), high initial reaction rate constant (2.2 * 10 by water ballast generation plasma chemical reaction in gas liquid mixer and the pipeline
6L/mol.s) HO
2 -Initiator, O
2 +, O
3Deng oxygen activity particle and initiator HO
2 -Reaction generates high density hydroxyl radical free radical OH, and (0.4mg/L～160mg/L), the water ballast that reinjects transports harmful hydrobiont and the pathogenic agent of killing in the main pipe line wherein, oxidation, pollution degradation material.
At the water ballast conveying pipe or transport in the main pipe line and to inject the oxygen activity particle, generate high density HO with the water reaction
2 -The detailed process that initiator produces the hydroxyl free based sols then is as follows:
1. the oxygen activity particle of oxygen activity particle generator is produced
Oxygen activity gas ions generator of the present invention adopts dielectric impedance highfield ionic discharge method O
2Make the oxygen activity particle that concentration reaches 100mg/L～400mg/L.Set up reduced electric field intensity in 0.5mm between discharge electrode and earthing pole～0.01mm discharging gap at 200Td～400Td scope internal ionization discharge electric field, electronics obtains average energy and reaches 6eV～9eV from electric field, the useful energy (8.4eV～12.5eV) will be deposited on O that wherein most of electron institute has
2On, be enough to oxygen (O
2) dissociate, be ionized into the high density active particle, and the difference orientation is synthesized oxygen activity particle [O under the electric pulse field parameter regulation and control
2 +, O (
3P), O (
1D), O
3].Produce oxygen activity particle plasma reaction pattern shown in A among Fig. 5, its plasma reaction formula:
Provide [O for injecting the water ballast conveying pipe
2 +, O (
3P), O (
1D), O
3] the oxygen activity particle concentration reaches 100mg/L～400mg/L.
2. initiator HO
2 -Produce
As O in the oxygen activity particle of A generation among Fig. 5
2 +In the gas-liquid dissolver, react generation HO with water
2 -Initiator; H
2O
2With HO
2 -Be in a kind of balanced reaction state, form initiator HO
2 -Concentration reach 40mg/L～300mg/L.Its plasma chemical reaction formula:
3. the producing of OH solution in the water ballast conveying pipe
Inject the O of water ballast conveying pipe
2 +, O
3Deng oxygen activity particle and HO
2 -Initiator carries out the high density active particle group of plasma chemical reaction generation based on OH.The plasma reaction pattern that forms OH in the water ballast conveying pipe shown in B among Fig. 5, its plasma reaction formula:
Oxygen activity particle O
2 +, O
3At HO
2 -Following and the water ballast reaction generation hydroxyl radical free radical OH of initiator effect, its concentration reaches 40mg/L～160mg/L.
The biochemical reaction rate constant of hydrobiont and pathogenic agent is 10 in the deadly water ballast of hydroxyl radical free radical OH
7L/mols～10
10L/mols, lethal time is 1s～10s.Do not adding under any chemical agent condition, in the long water ballast conveying pipe of 4m～20m, inject deadly hydrobiont of oxygen activity particle and pathogenic agent efficient and reach 96%～100%, thereby kill hydrobiont and pathogenic agent in the water ballast quickly and efficiently, reach the discharge of ballast water standard of national International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulation.
Effect of the present invention and benefit are: concentration height and generation that (1) produces OH are big; (2) equipment that adopts present method to develop is simple, efficient, without catalyzer, absorption agent and reductive agent; (3) do not produce the byproduct of any secondary pollution, environment is not produced any negative impact; (4) in the water ballast course of conveying, finish ballast water treatment.The present invention can be widely used in the ballast for cruising water treatment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is in the discharge of ballast water process, and oxygen activity particle injection water ballast transports main pipe line and kills harmful hydrobiont of water and pathogenic agent schema.
Fig. 2 is in the water ballast loading process, and oxygen activity particle injection water ballast transports main pipe line and kills harmful hydrobiont of water and pathogenic agent schema.
Fig. 3 is that the discharge of ballast water process transports the schema that main total pipeline is killed water evil hydrobiont and pathogenic agent to OH solution injection water ballast.
Fig. 4 is that water ballast injection ballast tank process transports the schema that the seawater total pipeline is killed water evil hydrobiont and pathogenic agent to the injection of OH solution.
Fig. 5 is the plasma chemical reaction model diagram that produces OH.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of oxygen activity particle generator.
Among the figure: 1. ballast tank, 2. water ballast, 3. valve, 4. pump, 5. under meter, 6. gas-liquid dissolver, 7. conveying pipe effluxes water ballast after 8. purifying, 9. the ocean, 10. oxygen, 11. oxygen activity particle generators, 12. high-frequency and high-voltage power supplies, 13. the oxygen activity particle, 14. are used to produce the water ballast of OH solution, and 15. water ballasts transport total pipeline, 16.OH solution, 17. purify back seawater, 18. seawater, 19. strainer, 20. are used to produce the seawater of OH solution, 21. earthing poles, 22. cooling liqs or gas inlet, 23. discharge plate, 24. partitions, 25. dielectric layers, 26. oxygen intake, 27. shells.
A. be the plasma chemical reaction pattern that the oxygen activity particle produces.
B. be the OH chemical reaction template.
Embodiment
Be described in detail specific embodiments of the invention below in conjunction with technical scheme and accompanying drawing.
Of the present invention a kind of in conveying pipe the oxygen activity particle inject the Treatment of Ships'Ballast Water method, can realize by following four kinds of modes: (1) is in the process of discharge of ballast water, oxygen activity particle injection water ballast transports main pipe line generation hydroxyl radical free radical and carries out the ballast for cruising water treatment, as shown in Figure 1; (2) in the process of loading water ballast, oxygen activity particle injection water ballast transports main pipe line generation hydroxyl radical free radical and carries out the ballast for cruising water treatment, as shown in Figure 2; (3) in the process of discharge of ballast water, the oxygen activity particle injects and to transport the bypass line that main line takes out 1/4～1/20 water ballast from water ballast and make hydroxyl radical free radical (OH) solution, refill water ballast again and transport and carry out the ballast for cruising water treatment in the main line, as shown in Figure 3; (4) in loading the process of water ballast, the oxygen activity particle injects and transports the bypass duct that main line takes out 1/4～1/20 water ballast from water ballast and make OH solution, refills water ballast again and transports and carry out the ballast for cruising water treatment in the main line, as shown in Figure 4.Be described in detail as follows:
High-frequency and high-voltage power supply 12 applies high-frequency high-voltage to oxygen activity particle generator 11, and forming strength of electric field is the highfield ionic discharge of 200～400Td, oxygen 10 ionization, disassociation is generated the [O of low discharge high density
2 +, O (
1D), O (
3P), O
3] to wait oxygen activity particle 13, its concentration be 100mg/L～400mg/L; Gas liquid mixer 6 injection water ballasts transport main pipe line 15 in the oxygen activity particle 13 then, accompanying drawing 1 is to inject oxygen activity particle 13 to transport main pipe line 15 to water ballast in the process of discharge of ballast water, and accompanying drawing 2 is to inject oxygen activity particle 13 to transport main pipe line 15 to water ballast in the water ballast process of loading.O in the oxygen activity particle 13
2 +With water ballast 2 plasma chemical reactions taking place generates high densitys (100mg/L～400mg/L), high initial reaction rate constant (2.2 * 10
6L/mol.s) hydroperoxyl radical ionic initiator HO
2 -O in the oxygen activity particle 13
2 +, O
3Deng with initiator HO
2 -Reaction generates high density hydroxyl radical free radical OH, and its concentration is 0.4mg/L～160mg/L, and the biochemical reaction rate constant of hydrobiont and pathogenic agent is 10 in the deadly water ballast of hydroxyl radical free radical OH
7L/mols～10
10L/mols, lethal time is 1s～10s.Do not adding under any chemical agent condition, in the long water ballast conveying pipe of 4m～20m, injecting deadly hydrobiont of oxygen activity particle and pathogenic agent efficient and reach 96%～100%.Oxygen activity particle 13 can also inject from the bypass line 7 of water ballast and make OH solution 16 in addition, refilling water ballast again transports and carries out the ballast for cruising water treatment in the main line 15, accompanying drawing 3 is in the process of discharge of ballast water, inject oxygen activity particle 13 to water ballast conveying pipe 7 OH solution 16, refill again and make water ballast and transport main pipe line 15, accompanying drawing 4 is to inject oxygen activity particle 13 to water ballast conveying pipe 7 OH solution 16 in the water ballast process of loading, refills to make water ballast and transport main pipe line 15 again.Described water ballast conveying pipe 7 is to transport from water ballast to take out 1/4～1/20 water ballast the main line 15.In the water ballast conveying pipe concentration of oxygen activity particle can be according to water ballast in the biomass of hydrobiont and pathogenic agent adjust.
Gordian technique of the present invention is newly to develop to produce high density [O
2 +, O (
1D), O (
3P), O
3] waiting the oxygen activity particle generator 5 of oxygen activity particle 13, its structure is as shown in Figure 6.It is made up of parts such as discharge plate 21, earthing pole 23, dielectric layer 25 and partitions 24.Discharge plate 21 is to be that dielectric layer 25 sintering of (330 μ m) form as thin as a wafer by middle metallizing material and skin, and also available stainless steel sheet is processed into discharge plate 21, and pastes dielectric layer 25 in discharge one side; Earthing pole 23 is to be processed into the cavity plate with titanium or stainless steel, and regulate and control the temperature of plasma process reactor at cooling liqs or oxygen intake 26 input refrigerants, also can spray the thin dielectric layer 25 of smelting one deck on the earthing pole surface, dielectric substance is ultramicrofine pure Al
2O
3Powder.
According to method of the present invention, " 250 tons of/hour ballast for cruising water treatment equipments " of development " educated imperial number " in the big shipping management company limited in sea, Dalian and carried out real ship industrial test, and test result is shown in table 1, table 2.
1) Bacteria Detection result in the deadly water ballast of hydroxyl radical free radical
Efflux in the ballast water for ship main line, e. coli concentration is 1.1 * 10
4Individual/mL, enterococcus bacteria concentration is 0.87 * 10
4Individual/mL, bacteria total amount is 1.8 * 10
4Individual/mL; The oxygen activity particle injects the water ballast conveying pipe and makes OH solution, and the water ballast that reinjects transports main pipe line, and its OH strength of solution is 0.40mg/L.Reach sample in the main line somewhere, its corresponding lethal time is 6.0s; Handling the back intestinal bacteria is 59cfu/100mL, and enterococcus bacteria is 31cfu/100mL/mL, and total plate count is 198.00cfu/100mL, lethality rate 100.00%, 24 hour (2 days) and all do not have orthogenesis after (5 days) in 120 hours.
The deadly data of table 1. bacterium in the ballast water treatment cabin
Annotate: total plate count comprises anaerobic bacterium and peculiar bacterium, and according to the IMO requirement, this test only detects intestinal bacteria and the enterococcus bacteria in the anaerobic bacterium.
2) plant plankton detected result in the deadly water ballast of hydroxyl radical free radical
The deadly data of table 2. plant plankton in the ballast water treatment cabin
Effluxing that ballast water for ship transports in the main line greater than 50 μ m plant plankton content is 3 * 10
2Individual/mL, the oxygen activity particle injects the water ballast conveying pipe and makes OH solution, and the water ballast that reinjects transports main pipe line, and its OH strength of solution is 0.40mg/L.In the sampling of main line somewhere, its corresponding lethal time is 6.0s, detects 0/mL of plant plankton alive after the processing, and lethality rate does not all have orthogenesis after 100.00%, 24 hour and 120 hours.Efflux that 10～50 μ m plant plankton content are 5 * 10 in the ballast water for ship main line
3Individual/mL, the oxygen activity particle injects the water ballast conveying pipe and makes OH solution, and the water ballast that reinjects transports main pipe line, and its OH strength of solution is 0.40mg/L.In the sampling of main line somewhere, its corresponding lethal time is 6.0s, detects 6/mL of plant plankton alive after the processing, and lethality rate does not all have orthogenesis after 99.88%, 24 hour and 120 hours.
In sum, efflux in the ballast water for ship main line plant plankton concentration 3 * 10 of long＞50 μ m of body
2Individual/mL, the plant plankton concentration 5 * 10 of long 10～50 μ m of body
3Individual/mL, bacterial concentration is 1.8 * 10
4Individual/mL; Inject 0.40mg/L hydroxyl free based sols, lethal time 6.0s; The plant plankton of handling in the water ballast of back is that 3/mL, total plate count are 198cfu/100mL; Lethality rate reaches 100.00%, and does not all have orthogenesis after 24 hours and 120 hours; Detected result has reached the emission standard of the G8-D2 of International Maritime Organizaton.
Claims (5)
- One kind in water pipe the oxygen activity particle inject Treatment of Ships'Ballast Water method, i.e. oxygen activity particle (O 2 +, O ( 1D), O ( 3P), O 3) inject the water ballast conveying pipe or transport main pipe line, be implemented in hydrobiont and the pathogenic agent killed in the water ballast transport process in the water ballast, it is characterized in that:A) oxygen ionization in the dense ionization electric field, disassociation form oxygen activity particle (O 2 +, O ( 1D), O ( 3P), O 3), its concentration reaches 100mg/L～400mg/L;B) oxygen activity particle and water ballast reaction formation reaction rate constant is 2.2 * 10 6Hydroperoxyl radical ion (the HO of L/mols 2 -) initiator, its concentration reaches 40mg/L～300mg/L;C) the oxygen activity particle is at HO 2 -Following and the water ballast reaction generation hydroxyl radical free radical (OH) of initiator effect, its concentration reaches 0.4mg/L～160mg/L;D) do not adding under any chemical agent condition, in the long water ballast conveying pipe of 4m～20m, injecting deadly hydrobiont of oxygen activity particle and pathogenic agent efficient and reach 96%～100%;E) the biochemical reaction rate constant of hydrobiont and pathogenic agent is 10 in the deadly water ballast 7L/mols～10 10L/mols, lethal time is 1s～10s.
- 2. according to claim 1 a kind of in water pipe the oxygen activity particle inject the Treatment of Ships'Ballast Water method, it is characterized in that: water ballast is from the process of ballast tank discharging or injection ballast tank, and the oxygen activity particle directly injects water ballast by the gas-liquid dissolver and transports main pipe line deadly wherein hydrobiont and pathogenic agent.
- 3. according to claim 1 a kind of in water pipe the oxygen activity particle inject the Treatment of Ships'Ballast Water method, it is characterized in that: transport from water ballast and take out 1/4～1/20 water ballast the main line and be divided into 2～20 branch roads, every road water ballast contacts with the oxygen activity particle by 1 gas-liquid dissolver, makes OH solution.
- According to claim 1,3 described a kind of in water pipe the oxygen activity particle inject the Treatment of Ships'Ballast Water method, it is characterized in that: the concentration that each branch road is produced is the OH solution of 40～160mg/L, refills water ballast again and transports in the main line.
- 5. according to claim 1 a kind of in water pipe the oxygen activity particle inject the Treatment of Ships'Ballast Water method, it is characterized in that: the concentration of oxygen activity particle can be adjusted according to the biomass of hydrobiont in the water ballast and pathogenic agent in the described discharge of ballast water pipeline.
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|---|---|---|---|
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010106023051A CN102173485B (en) | 2010-12-14 | 2010-12-14 | Method for treating ship ballast water by injecting oxygen active particles in transmission pipe |
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| CN102173485A true CN102173485A (en) | 2011-09-07 |
| CN102173485B CN102173485B (en) | 2012-07-25 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103058349A (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2013-04-24 | 张钰博 | Advanced oxidation treatment device and method for controlling red tide plankton invasion on offshore culture zone |
| CN103922510A (en) * | 2014-04-27 | 2014-07-16 | 大连海事大学 | Emergency treatment device for prevention and control of invasion of marine non-indigenous organisms in ballast water of entering-ships |
| CN103979661A (en) * | 2014-05-13 | 2014-08-13 | 大连海事大学 | Residual oxidant neutralization device and method used for ballast water discharging process |
| CN107777848A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-03-09 | 慈溪市卫诚环保科技有限公司 | A kind of waters administering method |
| CN113242840A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2021-08-10 | Abb瑞士股份有限公司 | Water treatment apparatus and water treatment method |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103058349A (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2013-04-24 | 张钰博 | Advanced oxidation treatment device and method for controlling red tide plankton invasion on offshore culture zone |
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| CN103979661A (en) * | 2014-05-13 | 2014-08-13 | 大连海事大学 | Residual oxidant neutralization device and method used for ballast water discharging process |
| CN107777848A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-03-09 | 慈溪市卫诚环保科技有限公司 | A kind of waters administering method |
| CN113242840A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2021-08-10 | Abb瑞士股份有限公司 | Water treatment apparatus and water treatment method |
| US20220081326A1 (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2022-03-17 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Water Treatment Apparatus And Method For Treatment Of Water |
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