CN102172604B - 一种餐厨有机废弃物资源化生物处理方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种餐厨有机废弃物资源化生物处理方法，第一步餐厨垃圾在来料储存槽内通过输送带进入异物分拣系统，把餐厨垃圾分拣出有机垃圾、有机垃圾废水和无机垃圾；第二步所述分拣出的有机垃圾通过输送带输送到高温生物处理系统，由热水储热设备输入60℃-80℃的温度，将有机高分子物质分解成低分子物质，生成含水率小于等于10％的肥料；第三步所述有机垃圾废水送入餐厨有机废水生物质能处理体统，拌入秸秆生物质，使含水率达到50％-60％，加入高温菌种，生成生物质能燃料，所述生物质能燃料提供给生物质能炉供热或者作为太阳能供热系统的补充热源；第四步所述生成的肥料送入分筛、混配系统进行分筛、混配配置成成品入库。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种有机废物的生物处理方法，尤其涉及一种餐厨有机废弃物资源化生物处理方法。
背景技术
餐厨垃圾集中处理已成为我国目前各地方政府很重视的项目，由于中华饮食文化的与众不同，我国各地的餐厨有机废弃物的含水率均很高，一般均大于80％，而且餐厨有机废弃物的废水含份复杂，要将该废水处理至达标排放很困难，到目前为止，在餐厨垃圾集中处理中，对有机废水目前采用的一般处理方法：1、将餐厨垃圾中分离出来的废水，不加处理，直接排入城市生活废水下水道。其缺点是：不符合环保要求的，是国家禁止的排放形式；2、将餐厨垃圾中分离出来的废水，再采用油、水分离方法，分离出的油作为工业油脂原材料或再加工成生物柴油作为燃料，分离出的废水再进行处理，而后向城市生活废水下水道排放。其缺点是：生物柴油提炼投资大、生产成本高，且燃料只能供自用，难以进入油品销售管道；同时，废水处理也难以达到国家环保监测标准规定的排放要求；3、将餐厨垃圾不经固液分离，采用厌氧发酵方法，制取沼气作为燃料，沼渣作为有机肥料。其缺点是：厌氧发酵时间长，由于发酵温度低于60℃，有害菌、虫难以杀灭，不易达到“无害化处理”要求，处理过程中易产生二次污染；产生的沼气只易供自身供热用，难以进入销售管道进行销售，沼渣作为有机肥料的话，其品质也很低，大部分采用送填埋场进行填埋，易对环境和地下水造成严重污染。
发明内容
本发明未解决现有技术存在的问题，提供一种餐厨有机废弃物资源化生物处理方法。
为了实现上述的技术目的，本发明的餐厨有机废弃物资源化生物处理方法包括以下步骤：
第一步餐厨垃圾在来料储存槽内通过输送带进入异物分拣系统，把餐厨垃圾分拣出有机垃圾、有机垃圾废水和无机垃圾；
第二步所述分拣出的有机垃圾通过输送带输送到高温生物处理系统，由热水储热设备输入60℃-80℃的温度，将有机高分子物质分解成低分子物质，生成含水率小于等于10％的肥料营养素和肥料；
第三步所述有机垃圾废水送入餐厨有机废水生物质能处理体统，拌入秸秆生物质，使含水率达到50％-60％，加入高温菌种，生成生物质能燃料，所述生物质能燃料提供给生物质能炉供热或者作为太阳能供热系统的补充热源；
第四步所述第二步生成的肥料营养素和肥料送入分筛、混配系统进行分筛、混配配置成成品入库。
上述热水储热设备由生物质能炉供热和供热系统热水供热输送。
本发明的有益效果是：1、餐厨有机废弃物是餐饮、厨余有机废弃物，其含水率≥80％，餐厨有机废弃物经本发明生物处理后的产出物的含水率≤10％；2、用生物质高温生物处理方法能将餐厨有机废水避免二次污染的完善处理和资源化利用，使餐厨有机废弃物达到无剩余的无害化、资源化处理；3、使餐厨有机废弃物集中处理站或处理厂没有有机污水的排放，在集中处理过程中避免了有机污水对环境造成的二次污染；4、节约了为废水处理而投入的巨大投资，以及为废水排放投入的资金和常年保持的运转成本。
附图说明
附图是本发明的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作出进一步说明：本发明的餐厨有机废弃物资源化生物处理方法包括以下步骤：
第一步餐厨垃圾在来料储存槽内通过输送带进入异物分拣系统，把餐厨垃圾分拣出有机垃圾、有机垃圾废水和无机垃圾；分拣出的无机垃圾另行处理。
第二步所述分拣出的有机垃圾通过输送带输送到高温生物处理系统，由热水储热设备输入60℃-80℃的温度，将有机高分子物质分解成低分子物质，生成含水率小于等于10％的肥料营养素和饲料；所述热水储热设备由太阳能、生物质能炉供热系统供热或其他系统供热热水供热输送。
第三步所述有机垃圾废水送入餐厨有机废水生物质能处理体统，拌入秸秆生物质，使含水率达到50％-60％，加入高温菌种，生成生物质能燃料，所述生物质能燃料提供给生物质能炉供热或者作为太阳能供热系统的补充热源。
第四步所述第二步生成的肥料、饲料送入分筛、混配系统进行分筛、混配配置成成品入库。
一般秸秆、稻草等生物质的热值在1000-2000大卡/公斤，餐厨有机废水中由于含有有机物质和油，餐厨有机废弃物含油量约3％左右，餐厨有机废水的含油量约达2％左右，油的热值大于8000大卡/公斤，将秸秆、稻草等生物质和含油的有机废水混合，通过高温生物处理，将其中的有机物质降解成低分子物质，产出的是高热值的生物质能燃料，其热值可达3000-4000大卡/公斤，相当于城市生活煤气的热值，由于有机物质被降解，因此燃烧时没有有害气体排放，这是清洁能源。将产出物直接作为生物质能燃料，也可制成圆柱形、长方形等各种形状，作为便于存放、便于运输的高热值生物质能燃料。生物质能炉用高热值生物质能燃料，这是低碳的清洁能源，生产的热能供餐厨有机废弃物高温生物处理工艺，作为太阳能供热的补充能源，也可作为直接能源使用。生物质能燃料存放、运输、使用方便，可以进入燃料销售系统进行销售，尤其适合广大农村地区的应用。
Claims (2)
1.一种餐厨有机废弃物无剩余资源化生物处理方法，该处理方法包括以下步骤：
第一步、餐厨垃圾在来料储存槽内通过输送带进入异物分拣系统，把餐厨垃圾分拣出有机垃圾、有机垃圾废水和无机垃圾；
第二步、所述分拣出的有机垃圾通过输送带输送到高温生物处理系统，由热水储热设备输入60℃-80℃的温度，将有机高分子物质分解成低分子物质，生成含水率小于等于10％的肥料营养素和饲料；
第三步、所述有机垃圾废水送入餐厨有机废水生物质能处理体统，拌入秸秆生物质，使含水率达到50％-60％，加入高温菌种，生成生物质能燃料，所述生物质能燃料的热值为3000-4000大卡/公斤，所述生物质能燃料提供给生物质能炉供热或者作为太阳能供热系统的补充热源；
第四步、所述第二步生成的肥料营养素和饲料送入分筛、混配系统进行分筛、混配配置成成品入库。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种餐厨有机废弃物无剩余资源化生物处理方法，其特征在于：所述热水储热设备由生物质能炉供热和供热系统热水供热输送。
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Address after: 100010, room 3, building 3, West well road, Badachu hi tech park, Beijing, Shijingshan District, China. 2177A Patentee after: RUIHAO (BEIJING) ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING GROUP CO., LTD. Address before: 100010, room 3, building 3, West well road, Badachu hi tech park, Beijing, Shijingshan District, China. 2177A Patentee before: RUIHAO (BEIJING) ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING CO., LTD. |
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