CN102165526B - 用于硬盘驱动器内基于分配的可靠性度量选择性地保留读取信号片段的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于硬盘驱动器内基于分配的可靠性度量选择性地保留读取信号片段的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN102165526B
CN102165526B CN200880131286XA CN200880131286A CN102165526B CN 102165526 B CN102165526 B CN 102165526B CN 200880131286X A CN200880131286X A CN 200880131286XA CN 200880131286 A CN200880131286 A CN 200880131286A CN 102165526 B CN102165526 B CN 102165526B
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刘靖峰
杨少华
宋宏伟
李元兴
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Avago Technologies International Sales Pte Ltd
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Abstract

方法和装置被提供用于改进硬盘驱动器内的物理重新读取操作。所公开的方法和装置选择性地保留硬盘驱动器内的数据。在迭代读取通道中通过以下步骤来读取信号:为读取信号内多个片段中的每一个片段都分配一个可靠性度量;对多次的读取操作重复分配步骤;并基于分配的可靠性度量来选择性地保留片段。读取信号可以通过将传感器在存储介质上定位而获得。可靠性度量可以基于给定片段的软位元判决、对数似然比或噪声估计。

Description

用于硬盘驱动器内基于分配的可靠性度量选择性地保留读取信号片段的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及用于硬盘驱动器内重试操作的技术,并且更具体地涉及用于此类硬盘驱动器内物理重新读取操作的技术。 
背景技术
在存储系统中,随着磁道和扇区的间距越来越近以及随着由主轴电机产生的转速的提高,在读取存储介质时发生错误的可能性明显增大。存储系统采用多种不同的技术来消除或者减少在从存储介质中读取数据时可能发生的此类错误。存储系统中的大多数错误检测和校验技术都是使用冗余信息和专用硬件。例如低密度奇偶校验码(LDPC)的错误校验码经常被用于检测和纠正此类错误。LDPC码是基于奇偶校验矩阵H的分组码,例如可参见R.G.Gallagher的“Low-Density Parity-Check Code”IEEE Trans.Inform.Theory、vol.IT-8、21-28(1962年1月)。 
在读取操作期间遇到错误时,通常要进行重试操作,由此可以从缓冲区或者从存储介质自身(或者从两者)中重新读取信号。在从存储介质中执行重新读取操作时,操作状态可能会有改变,例如通过重新定位传感器来获得不同的信号。重新读取操作通常要一直持续,直到出错的数据得以从存储介质中被正确地读取或者直到已经执行了预定次数的重试操作为止。 
在一种现有的重试技术中,“即时”(on the fly)软通道检测器执行初始的读取操作。如果“即时”检测器遇到错误,那么第二软通道检测器即可处理缓存的样本以执行电子重试,该电子重试与“即时”检测器相比通常要使用附加的迭代。如果电子重试失败,那么就启动物理的重新读取操作,由此将传感器重新定位在目标区域上以获 得新的信号。 
需要改进硬盘驱动器内的物理重新读取操作。也需要用于硬盘驱动器内选择性数据保留解码的改进的方法和装置。 
发明内容
通常,方法和装置被提供用于改进硬盘驱动器内的物理重新读取操作。根据本发明的一种应用,所公开的方法和装置选择性地保留硬盘驱动器内的数据。在迭代读取通道中通过以下步骤来读取信号:为读取信号内多个片段中的每一片段都分配一个可靠性度量;对多次的读取操作重复分配步骤;并基于分配的可靠性度量来选择性地保留片段。例如,读取信号可以通过将转换器在存储介质上定位而获得。 
可靠性度量例如可以基于与给定片段相关联的软位元判决、与给定片段相关联的对数似然比或给定片段的噪声估计。噪声估计例如可以通过从片段中减去参考信号而获得。 
通过参考以下的详细说明和附图可以得到对本发明更加完整的理解以及本发明进一步的特征和优点。 
附图说明
图1是基于示范性常规LDPC码的迭代硬盘驱动器的示意性方块图;以及 
图2是加入了本发明特征的基于示范性LDPC的迭代硬盘驱动器200的示意性方块图。 
具体实施方式
本发明提供了用于硬盘驱动器内物理重新读取操作的改进技术。根据本发明的一方面,在物理重新读取操作期间,硬盘驱动器可以从多次读取操作中选择性地保留最为可靠的信号片段。在一个示范性实施例中,分配给每一段的可靠性度量识别最可靠的信号片段。 
图1是基于示范性常规LDPC码的迭代硬盘驱动器100的示意 性方块图。如图1中所示,模拟前端110生成均衡样本Y。例如,该均衡样本Y可以在有限脉冲响应(FIR)滤波之后获得。关于常规迭代解码技术的详细介绍,例如可以参见E.Yeo等人的“VLSI Architectures for Iterative Decoders in Magnetic Recording Channels.”IEEE Trans、on Magnetics、Vol.37、No.2、2001年3月,通过引用将其并入本文。 
经常被称作“即时”(on the fly)检测器的第一软通道检测器120处理被称作YNew的均衡样本,并为每个Y样本生成形式为软位元判决(例如对数似然比(LLR))的一系列可靠性信息。LLR值被写入存储器140并由LPDC解码器160以已知的迭代方式进行处理,从而生成存储在存储器180内的硬判决。通常,硬位元判决是基于LLR值的符号而获得的。类似地,LLR值的幅值就提供了判决的可靠性指示。 
如前所述,如果即时检测失败,那么第二软通道检测器130将处理从存储器125获得的缓存的Y样本以执行电子重试操作。与由第一软通道检测器120在即时检测期间采用的操作相比,电子重试操作通常在第二软通道检测器130和LPDC解码器160之间包括了更多次的迭代。如图1中所示,LPDC解码器160将解码信息存储在外部存储器150中,外部存储器150在电子重试操作期间由第二软通道检测器130使用。 
如果电子重试操作失败,那么硬盘驱动器100将执行物理重新读取操作。在物理重新读取操作期间,磁头或传感器(未示出)被重新定位在目标区域上以再次从存储介质中读取信号。尽管常规的物理重新读取技术从存储介质中读取全新的信号,但本发明却是基于可靠性度量而选择性地保留部分信号。 
物理重新读取期间的选择性数据保留
根据本发明的一方面,在物理重新读取操作期间,硬盘驱动器可以从多次读取操作中选择性地保留最为可靠的信号片段。在一个示 范性实施例中,可靠性度量被用于识别最为可靠的信号片段。可靠性度量可以被分配给用于多次读取操作的每一个信号片段,并且通过比较每一片段的可靠性度量值来选择最为可靠的信号片段。用这种方式,本发明基于分配给每一片段的信号质量或可靠性数值来选择性地保留信号片段。例如,一个信号片段可以包括Y信号中的N个样本,例如N等于32或16个样本。根据一种示范性的硬盘格式,每段的样本数量处于5000的数量级。 
图2是加入了本发明特征的基于示范性LDPC的迭代硬盘驱动器200的示意性方块图。模拟前端210、软通道检测器220、230、存储器240、250和LPDC解码器260以类似于上述图1中的对应元件的方式操作。如图2中所示,迭代硬盘驱动器200还包括由选择电路280生成的选择信号控制的多路复用器270。选择信号基于分配给片段的可靠性度量来确定多路复用器270是选择新信号Ynew还是选择从Y存储器225中读取的保留信号Yold。 
通常,选择信号基于分配给每个片段的可靠性度量来选择新信号片段Ynew或者选择保留的信号片段Yold以存储在Y存储器225内用于后续使用。在一个示范性实施例中,每一次重新读取操作之后并且对于重新读取信号中的每一个片段,新信号Ynew或保留信号Yold都被存储在Y存储器225内,并将对应的可靠性度量分配给选中的片段。用这种方式,本发明基于分配的可靠性度量选择性地保留信号片段。 
尽管本发明被示出为使用了LDPC解码技术,但是本发明也可以应用于硬盘驱动器中以迭代方式处理软(可靠性)信息的涡轮码(turbo code)和其他的迭代码,这对于本领域普通技术人员来说是明显的。 
如图2中所示,LPDC解码器260还生成了参考信号。通常,参考信号是基于信号样本内噪声的可靠性指示。在一个示范性实施例中,参考信号是由LPDC解码器260生成的硬判决与部分响应目标的卷积。 
示范性的可靠性度量
如上所述,分配给每一个片段的可靠性数值提供了对应片段的可靠性指示。如前所述,软通道检测器220、230基于选择信号处理均衡样本Ynew或Yold并为每一个Y样本生成形式为软位元判决(例如LLR)的一系列可靠性信息。在一个示范性实施例中,分配给每一个片段的可靠性数值可以基于与该片段中的每一个样本相关联的软位元判决或LLR。例如,对于每一个片段Si的可靠性数值RSi可以表示如下: 
RSi=∑abs(软位元判决)或∑abs(LLR), 
其中该和值是给定片段内的样本之和。通常,在基于软位元判决或LLR时,可靠性数值RSi越大,该片段就越可靠。 
在进一步的变形中,每一个片段Si的可靠性数值RSi可以基于由LPDC解码器260生成的参考信号,如下所示: 
RSi=∑abs(Y-参考信号) 
其中该和值同样是给定片段内的样本之和,而可靠性数值RSi越大,该片段就越不可靠(因为噪声越大就表示信号越不可靠)。 
如前所述,在每一次重新读取操作之后并且对于重新读取信号中的每一片段,新信号Ynew或保留信号Yold被存储在Y存储器225内,并将对应的可靠性度量被分配给选中的片段。用这种方式,本发明基于分配的可靠性度量选择性地保留信号片段。存储在Y存储器225内的最终信号组可以包括在不同的重试尝试中读取的片段。在每一次读取操作之后,迭代硬盘驱动器200都基于存储在Y存储器225内存储的信号片段的最终集合来检测并解码信号。 
结论
尽管已经参照数字逻辑方块图介绍了本发明的示范性实施例,但对于本领域技术人员来说明显的是,可以在数字领域内将各种功能实现为软件程序的处理步骤,通过电路元件或状态机以硬件实现,或 者通过将软件和硬件相结合来实现。这样的软件可以被应用于例如数字信号处理器、微控制器或通用计算机中。这样的硬件和软件可以在集成电路内实施的电路中实现。 
因此,本发明的功能可以用方法或实践这些方法的装置的形式实现。本发明的一种或多种应用可以用例如存储在存储介质内、由机器载入和/或执行、或者在某种传输介质上传输的程序代码的形式实现,其中在由机器例如计算机载入并执行程序代码时,机器就变成用于实践本发明的装置。在通用处理器上实施时,程序代码片段与处理器相结合以提供操作类似于特定逻辑电路的设备。本发明也可以在集成电路、数字信号处理器、微处理器和微控制器之一或多者中实施。 
多个相同的管芯通常以重复的图案被成形在晶片表面上。每一个管芯都包括本文中所述的装置,并且可以包括其他结构或电路。从晶片切割或划片单个管芯,然后将管芯封装为集成电路。本领域技术人员应该了解如何划片晶片和封装管芯以生产集成电路。由此制得的集成电路被视为本发明的一部分。 
应该理解本文中图示并介绍的实施例和变形仅仅是为了说明本发明的原理,并且本领域技术人员可以实施各种变形而并不背离本发明的保护范围和实质。 

Claims (20)

1.一种用于在迭代读取通道中读取信号的方法,包括:
获得初始读取信号,所述读取信号具有多个片段;
为所述多个片段中的每一个片段分配可靠性度量;
在检测到错误时重复所述获取和分配步骤;以及
基于所述分配的可靠性度量来选择性地保留来自两个或更多个所述初始读取信号和一个或多个重复的物理读取操作的片段。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中通过传感器在存储介质上的定位通过物理读取操作来获得所述读取信号。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述可靠性度量被分配给多次读取操作的每一个片段,所述多次读取操作生成对应于每一个初始读取片段的一组片段,并且通过比较对应片段组中的每一个片段的可靠性度量值来选择每一组片段中的更可靠的信号片段。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述可靠性度量基于与给定片段相关联的软位元判决。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述可靠性度量基于与给定片段相关联的对数似然比。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述可靠性度量基于给定片段的噪声估计。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中通过从所述片段中减去参考信号来获得所述噪声估计。
8.一种迭代读取通道,包括:
选择电路,用于在读取信号中选择一个或多个片段,所述一个或多个片段中的每一个片段都具有分配的可靠性度量,其中针对初始读取操作和一个或多个重复的物理读取操作获取所述读取信号;以及
耦合至存储器的多路复用器,用于根据所述分配的可靠性度量来选择性地保留来自两个或更多个所述初始读取操作和所述一个或多个重复的物理读取操作的一个或多个片段。
9.如权利要求8所述的迭代读取通道,其中通过传感器在存储介质上的定位通过所述一个或多个重复的物理读取操作来获得所述读取信号。
10.如权利要求8所述的迭代读取通道,其中所述可靠性度量被分配给多次读取操作的每一个片段,所述多次读取操作生成对应于每一个初始读取片段的一组片段,并且通过比较对应片段组中的每一个片段的可靠性度量值来选择每一组片段中的更可靠的信号片段。
11.如权利要求8所述的迭代读取通道,其中所述可靠性度量基于与给定片段相关联的软位元判决。
12.如权利要求8所述的迭代读取通道,其中所述可靠性度量基于与给定片段相关联的对数似然比。
13.如权利要求8所述的迭代读取通道,其中所述可靠性度量基于给定片段的噪声估计。
14.如权利要求13所述的迭代读取通道,其中通过从所述片段中减去参考信号来获得所述噪声估计。
15.一种用于在迭代读取通道中读取信号的方法,包括:
为读取信号内的多个片段中的每一个片段分配可靠性度量;
对多次读取操作重复所述分配步骤;以及
基于所述分配的可靠性度量来选择性地保留来自两个或更多个初始读取操作和一个或多个重复的物理读取操作的片段。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中通过传感器在存储介质上的定位通过所述一个或多个重复的物理读取操作来获得所述读取信号。
17.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述可靠性度量基于与给定片段相关联的软位元判决。
18.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述可靠性度量基于与给定片段相关联的对数似然比。
19.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述可靠性度量基于给定片段的噪声估计。
20.如权利要求19所述的方法,其中通过从所述片段中减去参考信号来获得所述噪声估计。
CN200880131286XA 2008-09-30 2008-12-23 用于硬盘驱动器内基于分配的可靠性度量选择性地保留读取信号片段的方法和装置 Active CN102165526B (zh)

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