CN102164000B - Blind signal separation using spreading codes - Google Patents

Abstract

A communication device for separating source signals provided by M signal sources includes an antenna array comprising N antenna elements for receiving at least N different summations of the M source signals. A code despreader is connected to the N antenna elements for decoding the at least N different summations of the M source signals. Each one of the N different summations includes k codes for providing k different summations of the M source signals associated therewith. A blind signal separation processor forms a mixing matrix comprising at least kN different summations of the M source signals, and separates desired source signals from the mixing matrix. The mixing matrix has a rank equal up to kN.

Description

Use the Blind Signal Separation of spreading codes

The present invention is that the application number of submitting to State Intellectual Property Office on September 23rd, 2005 is 200580031998.0 (PCT/US2005/034061), is entitled as dividing an application of " Blind Signal Separation of using spreading codes ".

Technical field

The present invention is relevant signal processing field, more especially about using Blind Signal Separation (BSS) technology with desired source signals and source signal hybrid separation.

Background technology

Blind Signal Separation relates to reply source signal from composite signal, and wherein this composite signal comprises the mixture of source signal.This is separated into " blindly " be usually by with signal, the relevant limited information of effect that signal source and conduction channel are positioned on the signal is carried out.

One example is that the individual in the dinner party can being familiar with when all sound combinations separate in monophone sound and the room " cocktail party " effect.Separate in blind source can be applied to mobile phone and personal radio communication device especially, wherein coexists as many frequency bands in the same frequency spectrum usually by numerous radiofrequency launcher confusions.Altogether the problem of channels transmit device is expected and is only understood along with low-power year after year, as the unauthorized wireless technical development at blue bud and other networkings, people field and even worse.

Three are generally used blind signal separation technology to be principal component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA) and singular value decomposition (SVD).Principal component analysis relates to first and second square statistical value of source signal, and is used to the signal-to-jamming ratio of source signal when very high.In addition, independent component analysis is used and relates to principal component analysis processing source signal the 3rd and the 4th square statistical value afterwards.Alternative is that it serves as that separate source signal on the basis with the source signal mixture that singular value decomposition can be used to its characteristic value.

The blind signal separation technology that no matter is employed why, and several sensors are the different source signal mixtures that are used to receive from each signal source.The unique source signal mixture that adds up of each sensor output source signal.Usually, receiver and do not know channel coefficients and original source signal.Unique the adding up of signal is to be used to assemble hybrid matrix.Suitably blind signal separation technology then is applied to hybrid matrix so that desired source signals is separated with the source signal mixture.

As an example, U.S. Patent number the 6th, 799,170 disclose the use independent component analysis separates the independent source signal with the source signal mixture.Several sensor reception sources signal mixtures should have be made the data vector and create data set and processor is taked the sample of source signal mixture at any time and store various kinds.Each sensor is the unique source signal mixture that adds up of output source signal.The independent component analysis module is carried out the independent component analysis of this data vector with the independent source signal in the source signal mixture and other Signal Separation.

Sensor is separated from one another by spatiality, and this processor is only created data set for each sensor produces a data vector.' 170 patent case also discloses sensor and counts N and be equal to or greater than the source and count M, and just N 〉=M can assemble data set.One problem of this enforcement is that sensor is counted N also to be increased when the M increase is counted in the source.Small-sized portable communication equipment is counted N to a large amount of sensors and is had a little available volume, is problem in the communicator outside to the user and install this sensor.

U.S. Patent number the 6th, 931,362 disclose the other method of using the Blind Signal Separation separation signal.Revealed blind signal separation technology forms to have can minimize because of victim emitter and Gauss and disturbs the hybrid matrix pen of the mean square deviation that is caused to adapt to the hybrid matrix of array weight.This hybrid weight is that the maximum signal interference adds interference ratio.As ' 170 patent case, sensor is also separated from one another by spatiality, and sensor is counted N and is equal to or greater than the source and counts M to assemble hybrid matrix.Moreover each sensor provides singly to input to and produces the hybrid matrix of a large amount of areas to portable communication equipment.

Summary of the invention

Consider above-mentioned background, the object of the invention provides a communicator, comprises can blind signal separation technology reception sources signal mixtures to make the small size antenna array that desired source signals can be separated.

According to this and other purpose of the present invention, characteristic and advantage are to provide by communicator to separate M the source signal that signal source provided, and this communicator is to comprise to receive the aerial array that this M source signal difference adds up.One receiver or receiver assembly are connected to this aerial array, and a blind signal separation processor is connected to this receiver to form hybrid matrix.This hybrid matrix is to comprise this M the source signal difference that is received by this aerial array to add up.This blind signal separation processor then separates desired source signals with this hybrid matrix.

Except usage space separate sensor for this hybrid matrix provide that M source signal difference add up, the small size antenna array can replacedly use.At portable communication equipment, because aerial array provides and inputs to this hybrid matrix more than one and still keep closely, so blind signal separation technology can be used.

Particularly, signal segmentation can be used to further assemble hybrid matrix and needn't add the additional antenna element in aerial array.Aerial array can comprise N antenna element receive M source signal at least N difference add up.Coding contract frequently device can be connected to this N antenna element with decode M source signal at least N difference add up.Each person that adds up comprises k coding to provide therewith a M source signal k difference that links to add up this N difference.

Receiver assembly be connected to this coding contract frequently device with receive M source signal at least kN difference add up.Blind signal separation processor is to be connected to receiver assembly to comprise M source signal kN hybrid matrix that difference adds up at least with formation, and desired source signals is separated with this hybrid matrix.This hybrid matrix can have the order that equals kN.

The antenna element number of packages can selectedly make coded number be multiplied by the antenna element number of packages to equal source signal number, just kN=M.Alternative is that coded number is multiplied by the antenna element number of packages can be greater than source signal number, just kN＞M.Another configuration is when the hybrid matrix order equals K, K＜kN wherein, and then blind signal separation processor separates K of M source signal with this hybrid matrix.

N antenna element can comprise N associated antenna element.This N associated antenna element can comprise N active antenna element makes this aerial array be formed phased array.Alternative is that this N associated antenna element can comprise at least one active antenna element, and N-1 passive antenna element makes this aerial array be formed switched beam antenna at the most.

When M source signal difference of reception adds up, be there are differences between field pattern and wave beam.In one example, aerial array can form at least N antenna beam receive M source signal at least N difference add up, each antenna beam is to have maximum gain to put downward 3db point, can provide the signal refusal in being about at least one direction of arriving signal.In another example, aerial array can form at least one antenna patterns illustrated and receive a M source signal N difference and one of add up at least, this at least one antenna patterns illustrated essence does not have maximum gain and puts downward 3db point, thereby soon the arriving signal either direction there is no generation signal refusal.

M source signal respectively is accumulated as linearity.Blind signal separation processor can principal component analysis, and one of them separates desired source signals for the basis with hybrid matrix at least for independent component analysis and singular value decomposition.

One of I and Q embodiment strengthened relating to receive additional signal and add up and use and the array deflection that needn't add the additional antenna element to hybrid matrix.The array deflection relates to the antenna patterns illustrated in controlling party parallactic angle and/or the elevation direction.

Another reinforcement to I and Q embodiment relates to Path selection.Path selection is performed and the institute's active signal that is used to assemble hybrid matrix is added up all produced related (first and second square) and/or statistics (the 3rd and the 4th square) is independent.Antenna beam is formed by selectivity and makes incoming signal be able to be selected the source signal that provides in the hybrid matrix by selectivity newly to add up to replace and do not produced related and/or statistics independently adds up.

The relevant a kind of operation communication device of another feature of the present invention is used for the method for an above-mentioned separation M source signal that signal source provided.

Description of drawings

The 1st figure is according to operational aspects typical block diagram of the present invention, and wherein communicator is expection and the unexpected signal that receives from its each signal source.

The 2nd figure is the more detailed diagram of communicator shown in the 1st figure.

The 3rd figure creates the linear distinct methods explanation that independently adds up of source signal according to the present invention for hybrid matrix.

The 4th figure is the aerial array block diagram that is configured to be used as switched beam antenna according to the present invention.

The 5th figure is the aerial array block diagram that is configured to be used as phased array according to the present invention.

The 6th figure is the aerial array block diagram that is configured the polarity antenna element according to the present invention.

The 7th figure is the three dimension figure that describe to use according to the present invention three polarity.

The 8th figure can be for foundation the present invention comprises that blind signal separation provides that unlike signal adds up is associated and the communicator block diagram of unconnected antenna element.

The 9th figure is the communicator block diagram that array that foundation the present invention provides unlike signal to add up for blind signal separation is biased as fundamental operation.

The 10th figure has the alternative switched beam antenna block diagram that changes the elevation-angle controller at the antenna patterns illustrated elevation angle according to the present invention.

The 11st figure describes the antenna patterns illustrated in the azimuth direction and follows to be illustrated with the antenna of responding elevation-angle controller shown in the 9th figure with the elevation direction rotation.

The 12nd figure be according to the present invention have can elevation direction rotable antenna field pattern the antenna element block diagram that is formed on the radio frequency suppression circle in the ground.

The 13rd figure is that the Path selection that foundation the present invention provides unlike signal to add up for blind signal separation is the communicator block diagram of fundamental operation.

The 14th figure is that the spreading codes that foundation the present invention provides additional signal to add up for blind signal separation is the communicator block diagram of fundamental operation.

To be foundation the present invention be the communicator block diagram that blind signal separation provides homophase that additional signal adds up and quadrature signal component to be fundamental operation to the 15th figure.

The 16th figure is connected to more detailed diagram of the homophase of antenna element and quadrature module shown in the 15th figure.

The 17th figure is to be the multi-input multi-output system block diagram of fundamental operation with the field pattern diversity according to the present invention.

The 18th figure is the Fu Liye converts communications system block diagram that proposes intersymbol interference according to the present invention.

The 19th figure is that wherein conveyer is the power level that changes each layering spatial flow with time-sharing basis according to communication system block diagram of the present invention.

The 20th figure is that wherein the wave field pattern is to be used to support many conveyers to be sent to identical access point according to communication system block diagram of the present invention.

The 21st figure is according to receiver optimization process of the present invention and power consumption block diagram.

The 22nd figure coordinates receiver block diagram shown in the 21st figure of its operation and conveyer.

The 23rd figure transmits the wavy field pattern profile diagram of the known sequential of receiver according to the present invention.

The 24th figure is a line when of the present invention, and wherein symbol period is to have 12 parameters (12 chips just), and reformed parameter is fixed by 4 chips.

The 25th figure is according to the receiver block diagram that is used for several space independent channels of the present invention.

The 26th figure is according to receiver decoding chain block diagram of the present invention.

The the 27th to 30 figure is the node A among respectively corresponding the 26th figure, B, and the amplitude of D and E illustrates frequency.

Embodiment

After this present invention's more detailed reference now shows that the accompanying drawing of preferred embodiment of the present invention does explanation.Yet the present invention can specialize by many different types, and should be not limited to come construction at this explanation embodiment.Certainly, these embodiment are provided that this announcement can thoroughly be reached is complete, and can pass on the scope of the invention to give skilled artisan fully.Sheet and similar digitized representation like in full, and main mark is used to indicate the like in the alternate embodiment.

In the telecommunication network, have the source signal that is used for specific communication devices by expection, and have the source signal that is used to operate in other communicators in the same frequency band by expection.Also have interference source, it can make the signal that is not used to communicate by letter but is also received by communicator.

In order to facilitate decoding source signals, Blind Signal Separation is used to separate the signal that is received by communicator.As above-mentioned, " blind " speech relate in theory signal can not need learn signal essence or because of the conversion that reciprocation took place between signal and communication channel can the separated fact.During actual enforcement, any obtainable knowledge can be developed usually.In this example, Signal Separation is a half-blindness.

Three are generally used blind signal separation technology to be principal component analysis, independent component analysis and singular value decomposition.As long as but signal is independent in some measurement characteristics, and linear each other independent if its signal adds up, then one or more these blind signal separation technologies can be used to independence or desired source signals are separated with this source signal mixture.But be somebody's turn to do the first, second, third or the 4th square Several combination that measurement characteristics is generally signal.

But the principal component analysis whitened signal is used first and second square, and with the characteristic spin data group that is associated.If the signal-to-jamming ratio of source signal is very high, then signal separation process can stop in principal component analysis.

If the signal-to-jamming ratio of source signal is very low, then can to relate to the statistical attribute of the 3rd and the 4th square of source signal be that the separation source signal is come on the basis to independent component analysis.Because source signal is Gauss (Gaussian), so its 3rd and the 4th square is to decide on first and second square.As substituting of independent component analysis and principal component analysis, singular value decomposition can its characteristic value be separated source signal for the basis with this source signal mixture.

Typical scenario is depicted in the 1st figure, wherein several signal source 20 transfer source signals 22.Source signal 22 be associated with each signal source 20 the antenna beam that produced 24 be that the basis is transmitted in a direction.Several signal sources 20 comprise first 20 (1) to M signal source 20 of signal source (M).Similarly, each source signal is enclosed with reference to 20 (1)-20 (M), and the respective antenna wave beam is enclosed with reference to 24 (1)-24 (M).More direct enforcement is used in the telecommunication network with omnidirectional antenna field pattern or directive antenna field pattern pattern usually.

Be used for source signal 22 linear combinations (mixing) of aerial array 32 receptions of communicator 30 from signal source 20.Aerial array 32 is to comprise several antenna elements 34, and each antenna element provides the source signal 22 at least one linear combinations (mixing) from signal source 20.Antenna element 34 comprises first 34 (1) to N antenna element 34 of antenna element (N).

Received signals source 22 (1)-22 (M) is formed hybrid matrix 36 at first.Communicator 30 uses blind signal separation technology to decide the separation matrix 38 of the source signal in the separable hybrid matrix.This separated signal is represented by reference number 39.

Communicator 30 by sampling be received source signal gathering or in conjunction with and need not learn that its characteristic unites the signal source mixture that acquisition is received by aerial array 32.The output of each antenna element 34 and channel impulse response, the propagation path between the output of output of signal source 20 just and antenna element 34 add that addition Gauss is molded as adding up of signal source 22 after disturbing convolution.

The communicator 30 of the source signal that a separable M signal source 20 (1)-20 (M) is provided is more gone through referring now to the 2nd figure.Aerial array 34 comprises to receive and reaches M source signal N N antenna element 34 (1)-34 (N) that difference adds up at least.Aerial array 32 is not limited to any customized configuration.Aerial array 32 can comprise one or more antenna elements 34.For example will be in the back person of coming into question more, antenna element 34 can be configured to make aerial array 32 to be formed phased array or switched beam antenna.

Transceiver 40 be connected to downstream aerial array 32 with reception reach M source signal 22 at least N difference add up.Processor 42 is positioned at the downstream of transceiver 40.Even processor 42 is described to separate with transceiver 40, processor also can be contained in the transceiver 40.It is to be used to assemble hybrid matrix 36 that M source signal 22 differences that received by transceiver 40 add up.Hybrid matrix 36 is then handled by the one or more blind signal separation modules 44,46 and 48 in the processor 42.

The blind signal separation module comprises a principal component analysis module 44, one independent component analysis modules 46 and a singular value decomposition module 48.These modules 44,46 and 48 can be configured to the part of blind signal separation processor 49.First and second square that the source signal difference that can be received principal component analysis module 44 adds up is that operate on the basis, and the 3rd and the 4th square that independent component analysis module 46 can same signal is that operate on the basis.The characteristic value that the source signal difference that can be received singular value decomposition module 48 adds up is that Signal Separation is carried out on the basis.

The processing of being carried out by principal component analysis module 44 that is associated at first can add up at the source signal difference and determine to open beginning separation matrix 38 (1), and independent component analysis module 46 then can determine to strengthen the source signal that separation matrix 38 (2) separates in the hybrid matrix 36.If signal is decomposed module 48 by monodrome and separates, then separation matrix 38 (3) is also added up by the source signal difference that is received that decision separates in the hybrid matrix 36.

At each separation matrix 38 (1)-38 (3), separated signal is represented by reference number 39.The separated signal 39 then signal analysis of acknowledge(ment) signal analysis module 50 decides useful and what signal of what signal for disturbing son.Using interdependent processing module 52 is the signal output of handling from signal analysis module 50.

Determine that the useful decision of what signal is not to relate to last decoded signal always.For example, this application may need identification to disturb son and it is added up and capture from being received the source signal difference, and then presents this and be lowered signal to the wave mode decoder.In this example, useful signal is the final rejectee of end.

The information that is fed to principal component analysis module 44 is signal x _jUnique adding up.Suppose N linear hybrid thing x of M isolated component ₁..., x _NBe observed to:

x ₁(t)＝a ₁₁s ₁(t)+...a _1ks _k(t)+...a _1Ms _M(t)

x _j(t)＝a _j1s ₁(t)+...a _jks _k(t)+...a _jMs _M(t)

x _N(t)＝a _N1s ₁(t)+...a _Nks _k(t)+...a _NMs _M(t)

Usually, transceiver 40 and do not know channel coefficients a _JkAnd primary signal s _kThe matrix mark of last prescription formula can reducedly be written as x=As, and wherein A is a hybrid matrix.Statistical model x=As also is known as the independent component analysis model.It is reverse that conventional art attempts finding out channel: s=A ^-1X.

Independent component analysis module 46 decision separation matrix W, and y=W (As)=Wx.Vector y is the s subclass of the unknown order of tolerance change.If all signals are all inseparable, then how general pattern can be y=W (As)+WN=Wx+WN, and wherein additional N item is for because of discerning the residual interference in source.

The independent component analysis model is productive model, and it means it and illustrates that how observed data are by mixed components s _kProcessing produce.Isolated component is the parameter of hiding, and meaning it can not be by Direct observation.Simultaneously, hybrid matrix A is assumed to be the unknown.All observed persons are random vector x, and A and s are to be that the basis is estimated with x.

The starting point of independent component analysis is hypothesis component s _kFor adding up independent.Moreover, suppose isolated component s _kHaving Gauss at the most one of distributes.Signal with Gauss's assignment constraint is because the 3rd square of gaussian signal is 0, and the 4th square can not be differentiated between gaussian signal.In order to simplify, unknown hybrid matrix A is assumed to be square.Therefore, the isolated component number equals observed mixture for several.Yet this hypothesis can be loosened sometimes.As long as signal s _kBut independent for statistics in some measurement characteristics, then separation matrix W can be determined.

How many signals the decision of the order of hybrid matrix A has can be actual separated.For example, the hybrid matrix with 4 orders mean 4 source signals can be separated.In theory, the order of hybrid matrix A should equal signal source M number at least.Order is bigger, and signal that can be separated the more.When source M number increased, then required antenna element N number also increased.Be discussed in the background paragraph ' 170 and ' 362 patent case and all disclose antenna element N number and be equal to or greater than signal number M, N 〉=M just, otherwise the technology of non-Blind Signal Separation will be used to separation signal.

Create the linear industry standard that independently adds up of signal and be to use the individual unconnected sensor of N, just sensor at least one wavelength that is isolated from each other.This wavelength is the frequency of operation based on communicator 30.Unconnected on N the sensor space, but be associated on polarity and the angle.N unconnected sensor provides linear independent signal to add up, and wherein each sensor provides the single inlet that enters hybrid matrix A.

The linear distinct methods that independently adds up of source signal illustrates or elaboration will be discussed with reference to the 3rd figure at first for hybrid matrix A creates.After the A brief introduction, each method will more be discussed in detail as follows.The unconnected sensor of piece 100 expressions, wherein each sensor provides the single input to hybrid matrix A.Piece 102 expression associated antenna arrays, wherein this array provides many inputs to assemble hybrid matrix A.Piece 104 is also represented aerial array, and wherein the part of this antenna element is associated, and this antenna element has the opposed polarity that can assemble hybrid matrix A.Can be combined in the piece 106 with the hybrid matrix A in the further assembly piece 116 by piece 100,102 and 104 sensors that proposed and aerial array various combination.

Key diagram second paragraph proposes to strengthen to the antenna configurations that is provided in first paragraph.This adds to force source signal line to add or substitute to add up to be collected further assembles hybrid matrix A.Piece 108 relates to the antenna patterns illustrated elevation angle and is changed the additional array deflection that adds up of reception sources signal.Any one all can be used to combination in the piece 116 in the array deflection piece 108.

In the piece 110, Path selection is performed and the institute's active signal that is used to assemble hybrid matrix A is added up all be associated (first and second square) and/or to add up (the 3rd and the 4th square) independent.That is to say that incoming signal is selected the reception sources signal newly to add up by selectivity and is not associated and/or adds up independently and add up to replace.Piece 110 can any one be presented by the combination in piece 106 and the piece 108. Piece 108 and 110 can directly be fed to hybrid matrix piece 116.

Key diagram the 3rd paragraph proposes signal segmentation with the hybrid matrix in the further assembly piece 116.For example, piece 112 uses spreading codes to cut apart different cumulative signals.If cumulative signal has k spreading codes, then specific cumulative signal can processedly provide k relevant therewith cumulative signal.But the output of spreading codes combined block 106,108 and 110 is applied in.Piece 114 should the difference cumulative signal be divided into homophase (I) and quadrature (Q) component is further assembled hybrid matrix A.Therefore I and Q component be as 2 multipliers that are used to lose matrix, but and the output of combined block 106,108,110 and 112 be applied in.

The last selection of key diagram is the hybrid matrix A that is formed in the piece 116.Shown in key diagram, hybrid matrix A is can above-mentioned arbitrary to be assembled the source signal difference for the basis and is added up.Antenna array configuration advantage in first paragraph is that the small size antenna array can be formed and assembles hybrid matrix A.Antenna array configuration advantage in second and third paragraph is a N antenna element, and wherein N counts M less than source signal, can be used to M assembly hybrid matrix or source signal adds up.

Consider to be discussed at the antenna configurations in the key diagram, comprise N associated antenna element with receive M source signal at least the aerial array that adds up of N difference will come into question, wherein individual to reach M individual greater than 1 for N.Among one embodiment, shown in the 4th figure, aerial array is a switched beam antenna 140.

Switched beam antenna 140 can produce several antenna patterns illustrated that comprise directive antenna field pattern and omnidirectional antenna field pattern.Switched beam antenna 140 can comprise an active antenna element 142 and an a pair of passive antenna element 144.Initiatively and passive antenna element 142,144 look expection is used and different.With reference to No. the 11/065th, 752, U.S. patent application case so that more go through switched-beam antenna array.This patent application case is assigned to the present assignee of the present invention, and its content is merged in its main body at this and does reference.

Each passive antenna element 144 comprises first 144a and second 144b.First 144a of passive antenna element 144 is connected to ground 146 via reactive load 148.Reaction load 148 is a variable reactance, and it can be by using reactive volt-ampere hour, and transmission line or exchange are changed into inductance from electric capacity.By changing reactive load 148, radiation pattern can be changed.Because two passive antenna elements 144 are arranged, can form four different antennae field patterns.The triantennary field pattern can be used to received signal x _jUnique adding up.The 4th field pattern is other linear combinations of three, so it not can be used as the inlet among the hybrid matrix A.Therefore, because three antenna elements are used signal x _jThree unique adding up be to be transfused to hybrid matrix A.The advantage of switched beam antenna is by using three element 142 and 144, and the hybrid matrix of order 3 can be supported.

Shown in the 5th figure, among another embodiment, aerial array comprises N the initiatively antenna element that is associated that makes aerial array be formed phased array 160.Phased array 160 comprises several initiatively antenna elements 162, and is coupled to several weight control components 164 of this active antenna element.Amplitude and/or phase place that weight control component 164 can be adjusted received signals form the combination wave beam.

Dispenser/combiner 166 and controller 168 are connected to weight control component 164.With reference to No. the 6th, 473,036, United States Patent (USP) case so that more go through active array 160.This application case is assigned to the present assignee of the present invention, and its content is merged in its main body at this and does reference.

Active member 162 quantity are supported the hybrid matrix A with identical order.The conventional method that is separated the unconnected antenna element that surpasses a wavelength with use is compared, even M source number equals active member N number, M=N just is because active member 162 is associated by space and polarity, so active array 100 is very tight.

Among another embodiment, the hybrid matrix order can be K, and wherein K＜N can separate K of M source signal blind signal separation processor 49 with hybrid matrix.More go through as following, N also can be greater than M.

In switched beam antenna 140 and the phased array 160, its respective antenna element 142,144 and 162 s' distance is to be set to facilitate favourable back-to-front ratio.This is to be the unexpected signal of refusal (back convergence just) and to strengthen expection signal (convergence just) because of the orthodox use of these antenna array.

Yet in order to build hybrid matrix, target is to create unlike signal to add up.It is sub and still separated that in fact useful signal in the application's case can be lower than interference forever.Because this premeditated notable difference, the distance between aerial array is not required to be particular separation.

Antenna element can by further or before and after more close together with orthodox ' bad ' than producing field pattern, and still quite be applicable to hybrid matrix.In fact, this field pattern separates in the application very superior usually in the Blind Source source.This reason is to use good front and back than needing the trace signals direction to keep directed interference in directed expection signal of front end and/or rear end.By making the field pattern of apparatus all directions otherness, but still need obviously gain and do not have this signal tracing.

Antenna beam can be defined to have from maximum gain and put downward 3db point and provide signal near the refusal of the signal at least one direction.Similarly, antenna patterns illustrated can be defined that essence has no way of that maximum gain is put downward 3db point and and no signal near the refusal of the signal in any direction.

In many application, the specific range between this deviation element can reduce the entire antenna array sizes greatly.Other alleviate the tracking problem but its actual desired increases interelement distance, but it are unconnected to increase some degree additional signal in using.

Among another embodiment, shown in the 6th figure, aerial array 180 is to comprise to be used to receive M source signal N N antenna element that difference adds up at least.At least two 182a in N antenna element, 182b is associated, and is used to receive at least two that a M source signal N difference add up and has opposed polarity, and N and M are greater than 1.Other antenna elements 184a in the array 180,184b can by with antenna element 182a, 182b is associated.Even polarized antenna element 184a, 184b another to being described, these elements still have identical polar in addition.Moreover these elements are each other also by unconnected.

Antenna element 182a, the opposed polarity of 182b can be orthogonal.In another configuration, antenna element 182a, 182b comprise 3 differences that a three element 182c supports three polarity to receive M source signal to add up.

Below discuss is to support to use polarization to assemble hybrid matrix A.Three different polarization antenna element 182a, 182b can receive trilinear and independent signal adds up.X shown in the 7th figure, the definition of y and z axle and relation will be used.For example, below relation exists:

x＝Scos(θ)sin(φ)

y＝Ssin(θ)sin(φ)

z＝Scos(φ)

Simplify the hypothesis signal and have linear polarization, signal is linear independent, and respectively has the trilinear antenna element on the normal axis.For example, antenna element 182a is positioned on the x axle, and antenna element 182b is positioned on the y axle, and antenna element 182c is positioned on the z axle.

Place trilinear antenna element 182a, 182b, 182c are on normal axis by each, and mathematics is simplified.In the actual disposition, antenna element 182a, 182b, 182c are not required to be complete quadrature, and it also need not be satisfied with common ground.Removing of this hypothesis makes common conclusions invalid, and changes the example below the not enough generation of order.

Be applied in to give a definition, wherein numeric suffix relates to signal 1,2, and 3:

S ₁, S ₂, S ₃: the signal of incident antenna element;

θ ₁, θ ₂, θ ₃: the X of signal, E territory, Y plane angle;

φ ₁, φ ₂, φ ₃: the Z axle E territory angle of signal;

X _x, X _y, X _z: the signal of the incident antenna element dot-product that adds up.

Therefore, component of a vector is:

Take the dot-product of each antenna element and signal, (XY=x ₁x ₂+ y ₁y ₂+ z ₁z ₂) relative E territory component in element can determine to be added up.These values are used to create hybrid matrix:

$\left[\begin{array}{c}{X}_x\\ Y_y\\ Z_z\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}\cos \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\right)& \cos \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\right)& \cos \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_3\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\right)\\ \sin \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\right)& \sin \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\right)& \sin \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_3\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\right)\\ \cos \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\right)& \cos \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\right)& \cos \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\right)\end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{c}{S}_1\\ S_2\\ {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="HSA00000456293500011.png,HSA00000456293500021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3\end{array}\right]$

Wherein:

$\det \left[\begin{array}{c}{X}_x\\ Y_y\\ Z_z\end{array}\right]=$

$\cos \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\right)+\cos \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_3\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\right)+\cos \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_3\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\right)$

$-\cos \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_3\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\right)-\cos \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_3\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\right)-\cos \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\right)$

$=\cos \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\right)+\cos \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_3\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\right)+\sin \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_3\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\right)$

$-\sin \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_3\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\right)-\cos \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_3\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\right)-\sin \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\right)$

$=\cos \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\right)-\sin \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\right)$

$+\cos \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_3\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\right)-\sin \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_3\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\right)$

$+\sin \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_3\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\right)-\cos \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_3\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\right)$

$=\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\right)[\cos \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\right)-\sin \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\right)]$

$+\cos \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\right)[\cos \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_3\right)-\sin \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_3\right)]$

$+\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\right)[\sin \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_3\right)-\cos \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_3\right)]$

$=\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\right)\sin ({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2-{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1)$

$+\cos \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\right)\sin ({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_3-{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2)$

$+\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\right)\cos \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\right)\sin \left({\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\right)\sin ({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1-{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_3)$

The not enough situation of order will come into question now.When decision equals 0, hybrid matrix order deficiency.This betides in the following example:

1)θ ₁＝θ ₂＝θ ₃

' x ' and ' y ' element receives the identical contribution from all three signals.

2)

Any combination of table entry to the not enough example of another order adds 180 degree.These betide signal and are not fully made up when independently adding up by antenna element.

3) all add up individually and per 1 or 2 are not equal to 0, but:

sin(φ ₁)sin(φ ₂)cos(φ ₃)sin(θ ₂-θ ₁)

+cos(φ ₁)sin(φ ₂)sin(φ ₃)sin(θ ₃-θ ₂)

+sin(φ ₁)cos(φ ₂)sin(φ ₃)sin(θ ₁-θ ₃)＝0

This means the little separation solid axle between signal, polarizations no better than, from the signal that is calibrated of array offside, or to two elements produce identical energy position standard some other very can not occurrent signal incidents.

As above-mentioned, key diagram first paragraph proposes antenna configurations.The above-mentioned antenna configurations that comprises unconnected sensor, can be provided with various different configuration combinations M source signal by cumulative signal to hybrid matrix.

With reference now to the 8th figure,, the communicator 200 of a separable M source signal that signal source provided will come into question.Aerial array 202 comprises can receive M source signal N N antenna element that difference adds up at least, and N and M are greater than 1.

N antenna element comprises can receive one of at least N at least one antenna element 204 that difference adds up of M source signal, and can receive the related antenna element 206 of two-phase at least that M source signal at least two a N difference adds up.The related antenna element 206 of this two-phase is by unconnected with antenna element 204.Aerial array can comprise the additional antenna element in the various combinations, and wherein this element is associated, unconnected and polarization.

Receiver 210 be connected to aerial array 202 be used to receive M source signal at least N difference add up.Blind signal separation processor 212 is connected to receiver and comprises M source signal N hybrid matrix 214 that difference adds up at least with formation.This hybrid matrix has and equals to reach N at least order, and blind signal separation processor 212 separates desired source signals 216 with hybrid matrix A.

Key diagram second paragraph proposes being provided in the reinforcement of the antenna configurations in first paragraph.This reinforcement is to make the source signal linearity add or substitute to add up to be collected further to assemble hybrid matrix A.

One reinforcement relates to can receive the array deflection that additional signal adds up and needn't add the additional antenna element to hybrid matrix A use.The array deflection relates to the antenna patterns illustrated in controlling party parallactic angle and/or the elevation direction.

The communicator 240 that the source signal that can use aerial array that M signal source provided separates is done discussion referring now to the 9th figure.Aerial array 242 comprises N antenna element 244, can produce N the initial antenna patterns illustrated that N difference being used to receive M source signal adds up.Aerial array 242 also comprises can select an elevation-angle controller 246, adds up and be received to produce at least one additional difference that at least one additional antenna field pattern makes M source signal in alternative this N the initial antenna patterns illustrated elevation angle of one of them at least that changes.

N the difference that receiver 248 is connected to aerial array 242 and uses N initial antenna patterns illustrated to receive M source signal adds up, and at least one additional difference of also using at least one additional antenna field pattern to receive M source signal adds up.

Blind signal separation processor 250 is connected to receiver 248 and comprises M the source signal hybrid matrix 252 that N difference adds up and at least one additional difference of M source signal adds up at least with formation.This hybrid matrix is to have the order that equals to reach N at least to add at least one additional different cumulative numbers that use the additional antenna field pattern to receive M source signal.Processor 250 can separate expection signal 254 with hybrid matrix.

Usually, provide and be applicable to that any antenna array means that the signal that increases the hybrid matrix order adds up all can use deflection mechanism.This deflection will produce two differences and mixing array available signal at each antenna array means.Therefore the twice multiplicative effect that has this technology of use.

If the array deflection is split into K the zones of different that links with antenna, each K the regional inlet that 2 independent deflection zones all can be provided and enter hybrid matrix.For example, if aerial array can provide M K the different deflections zone of adding up and have voluntarily, then the signal cumulative number in the hybrid matrix can be 2*K*N.

In order to describe with reference to the 10th figure, wherein the switched beam antenna shown in the 4th figure 100 ' be modified makes the antenna beam can be by the elevation angle that tilts up or down.Particularly, passive antenna element 104 ' each first 104a ' via reactive load 108 ' be connected to ground 106 '.Passive antenna element 104 ' each second 104b ' also via reactive load 108 ' be connected to ground 106 '.Passive antenna element 104 ' on reactance have the effect that increases or shorten this passive antenna element.Inductive load increase capacity load and shorten passive antenna element 104 ' electronic length.

Antenna beam is to make progress and the downward-sloping elevation angle according to imaginary loading 108 ' first 104a ' and imaginary loading 118 ' second 104b ' quilt.Shown in the 11st figure, by adjusting this ratio, antenna patterns illustrated can point to 97 or downward 99.When the antenna field type elevation angle was adjusted the reception mixed signal, at least one additional order can be added into hybrid matrix A.Use array deflection then needn't increase antenna element N number, and more signals can be received to hybrid matrix A.

This particular implementation has each by 2 different deflections zones of reactance 118 ' control.The field pattern generation ability of array is 3 independent field patterns, and the signal cumulative number that therefore can be used to create hybrid matrix is 12 (2*2*3).

No. the 11/065th, 752, the above-mentioned United States Patent (USP) case of reference, how its more detailed announcement adjusts the antenna beam elevation angle.Array deflection technology can be applied to any above-mentioned aerial array embodiment, or any other aerial array of the mutual effect sensitivity of delivering personally over the ground.

Shown in the 12nd figure, another embodiment of elevation-angle controller suppresses coil 270 with the may command radio frequency on the ground 272 that is coupled to antenna element 274.Skilled artisan can be understood easily, and the antenna patterns illustrated that links with antenna element 274 suppresses coil 270 by the control radio frequency and moved by the elevation angle.

With the Path selection is that a basis separable M signal source provides the communicator 300 of supporting signal to discuss with reference to the 13rd figure.This is the reinforcement to being provided in the antenna configurations in key diagram first paragraph and above-mentioned array being partial to.Communicator 300 comprises an aerial array 302, comprises to be formed for receiving M source signal N element 304 of the antenna beam of N at least that adds up of N difference at least, and N and M are greater than 2.

Controller 306 is connected to aerial array and forms N antenna beam at least with selectivity.Receiver assembly 308 be connected to aerial array 302 with receive M source signal at least N difference add up.Blind signal separation processor 310 is connected to receiver assembly 308 and comprises with formation and reach M source signal N hybrid matrix 312 that difference adds up at least.

M the source signal difference that also determine blind signal separation processor 310 adds up and is associated or adds up independent, and if not, then form with controller 306 co-operate and can receive the new different different beams that add up of M source signal and replace and be not associated in the hybrid matrix 312 or add up independently M different adding up of source signal.Desired source signals 31 4 is then separated with hybrid matrix 312.

Rake (rake) receiver is a kind of wireless receiver that is designed to calculate the multichannel fading effect.It comes tuning each multichannel component to reach this by using each some independent receiver that is postponed slightly.It can be inserted by most of wireless access networking type.Found to modulate the special advantage of spreading codes type.It selects the ability in specific incoming signal path to make it can be used as a device that changes the path that is fed to blind signal separation.

Skilled artisan can be understood easily, forms N antenna beam as above-mentioned selectivity and can be applied to all wireless access networkings.At code division multiple access (CDMA) system, receiver assembly 308 comprises N Rake receiver 316.Each Rake receiver 316 comprises and can add up and select k rake of k different multichannel components to refer at being connected so far the M that each antenna element received a source signal difference.In this configuration, blind signal separation processor 310 is connected to N Rake receiver 316 and forms hybrid matrix 312.Hybrid matrix 312 comprises and reaches M source signal kN at least different multichannel components adding up of N difference at least, and this hybrid matrix has and equals to reach kN order.

Particularly, when the code division multiple access wave mode was transmitted, it met with usually from the multipath of source to destination.Rake receiver 316 is designed to catch some these indivedual examples especially and its combination is used for more strong signal decoding.When primary signal was transmitted along each path, its characteristic was to revise by the path unique trait.In some situation, received signals be associated and/or the correction of statistical property must be enough to make it can be regarded as separation signal stream with big.Revising Rake receiver 316 can be used to capture and respectively be corrected stream and it is presented unique inlet of hybrid matrix 312 when doing.Though this device that increases order is not can get forever, when its most probable was required, it was obtained in high multipath environment easily.

As with reference to the 13rd figure debater of institute, though Rake receiver 316 can be developed different paths, the conventional method persons that are applied to any modulation technique form for wave beam more.Because forming, wave beam is used to expect signal environment and expection signal refusal, so this is different from Rake receiver 316.Yet this difference is rejected signal can be actual in be used for another version of receiver by expection.Yet receiver assembly 308 must the detecting same signals some these these unique bang path versions are so that build hybrid matrix 312 to abundant order.

The signal segmentation that hybrid matrix A can be further assembled in the 3rd paragraph proposition of key diagram.In one method, cumulative signal uses spreading codes to cut apart.In the other method, cumulative signal uses I and Q module to cut apart.

Use the signal segmentation of spreading codes to discuss referring now to the 14th figure.Being described communicator 400 is to comprise an aerial array 402, comprises to be formed for receiving M source signal N N antenna element 404 that difference adds up at least.Coding contract frequently device 406 be connected to N antenna element 404 with decode this M source signal at least N difference add up.N difference adds up k the coding that can provide a M source signal k difference linking therewith to add up respectively is provided.

Receiver assembly 408 be connected to coding contract frequently device 406 with receive M source signal at least kN difference add up.Blind signal separation processor 410 is connected to receiver assembly 408 and forms and comprise M source signal kN hybrid matrix 412 that difference adds up at least.Hybrid matrix 412 is to have to equal to reach kN order.Blind signal separation processor 410 can separate desired source signals 414 with hybrid matrix 412.

Modulation on received signals is decided, and above-mentioned signal segmentation can be used to increase the order of hybrid matrix A and can not increase antenna element number of packages N.CDM A IS-95, CDMA2000 and WCDMA are the spreading codes spectrum communication exemplary system that spreading codes is used.Thread commonly used is a unique code by with each signal processing expanding data on bigger frequency band.

Identical spreading codes added up with received signals (expection signal, unexpected signal and unknown disturbances source) handle.This makes the expection signal be got back to its original bandwidth by construction again, and disturbs son to be unfolded on wideband.

Above-listed CDMA implements in fact to have the many signal flows that use same frequency band simultaneously.Each signal flow uses in theory the coding with every other person's quadrature.If this condition is satisfied in the decoder place, then it means the only useful signal exhibition of will being separated frequently.If this K signal encoding that add up is used to Xie Zhanpin, the final received signals x that adds up then _kWith major part by increasing amplitude s _kItem reaches change or forms than low value k-1 item.

Usually there is some to be associated between the CDMA signals, so interference signal is rebuilt with expection signal degree ground.This is usually because of due to delay that each signal experienced and signal multichannel take place.Some unexpected signal, particularly the code division multiple access person is with added value.This increase not can as the expection signal obviously, but it still can increase whole interference values and reduce signal-to-jamming ratio.

Separate the own pattern of spread spectrum signal equation and signal and satisfy the blind signal separation criterion.In fact, imposed on the known signal that communicator 400 is received individually, then can be obtained to satisfy adding up individually of independent component analysis model requirement as if one of spreading codes.

Therefore, have and the as many mouth of listing in that is used for hybrid matrix of known coded, each produces linear independent significantly value to suppose it certainly.Under the correct environment, this will increase hybrid matrix to the value greater than coded number.For example, N antenna element and M coding can provide the NM rectangular array.

In order to describe, 3 codings are known by hypothesis, and this 3 known coded signal keeps its orthogonality.Coding contracts frequently in the device 406, hybrid matrix A have each because of antenna stream in each stream is separated exhibition frequently by this 3 known coded after last 3 row and under 3 be listed as.0 value is not because the orthogonality of coding at the diagonal angle.Hurdle inlet 4,5 and 6 is to be used for generally example of identical index unknown signaling.

$\left[\begin{array}{c}{x}_1\\ x_2\\ x_3\\ x_4\\ x_5\\ x_6\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{cccccc}{a}_{11}& 0& 0& a_{14}& a_{15}& a_{16}\\ 0& a_{22}& 0& a_{24}& a_{25}& a_{26}\\ 0& 0& a_{33}& a_{34}& a_{35}& a_{36}\\ a_{41}& 0& 0& a_{44}& a_{45}& a_{46}\\ 0& a_{52}& 0& a_{54}& a_{55}& a_{56}\\ 0& 0& a_{63}& a_{64}& a_{65}& a_{66}\end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{c}{s}_1\\ s_2\\ s_3\\ s_4\\ s_5\\ s_6\end{array}\right]$

The signal of corresponding hurdle inlet 4,5 and 6 can be other path releases of known coded, or other cell element signals of known coded.Simultaneously, a signal can be Gauss and another signal makes its similar single gaussian signal for obeying central limit theorem, as the CDMA signals group of 4 channels of amortizing.That is to say that the sufficient quantity of nonrandom signal will add up to gaussian signal.Disturb son to can be a gaussian signal at the most of non-Gaussian signal source or networking the unknown.

The exhibition of separating frequently coding is contracted after the known coded in the device 406 frequently, and it is 6 hybrid matrix 412 that blind signal separation processor 410 can receive order.Because 3 codings are known, 6 order is to become last 3 factors and derived with 2 antenna elements.

6 signals are applied to blind signal separation processor 410, and the hybrid matrix 412 that wherein has order and be 6 is formed.Blind signal separation processor 410 can be only from channel: the received signals decision separation matrix W that x=As revises.In the described example, 6 signals are separable.

Blind signal separation processor 410 can be selected decoded signal.For example, interference signal can be landed, and all versions of expection signal are all selected.Selected signal is applied to the demodulator module and comes demodulation.Demodulator uses change technology such as knowing of same signal multichannel version capable of being combined.

In the general example, in order to simplify, more than be shown as 0 in fact not can be nonzero value in diagonal values.When the characteristic that is associated between signal of being encoded was imperfect, this will be for more there being use-case.This can represent the additional interference of each separated signal.Yet as previous demonstration, rank of matrix is to be enough to separate these signals, will obviously be reduced so it is worth after blind signal separation.This causes disturbing reduction, and signal-to-jamming ratio increases, and the pointed channel capacity of shannon law increases.

With reference now to the 15 figure,, increases hybrid matrix A order and do not increase antenna element number of packages N additive method and will be received mixed signal and be separated into I and Q component.The I of relevant radiofrequency signal and Q component are the identical but component of separated 90 degree of phase place of amplitude.

Communicator 500 comprises an aerial array 502, comprises to receive M source signal N N antenna element 504 that difference adds up at least.Each I and Q module 506 are positioned at each antenna element 504 downstream, and each N the difference person of adding up who is used to separate a received M source signal is I and Q component group.

Receiver assembly 508 is positioned at each I and Q module 506 downstreams so that receive M source signal N I of N at least and Q component group that difference adds up at least.Blind signal separation processor 510 is to be positioned at receiver assembly 508 downstreams to comprise M source signal 2N hybrid matrix 512 that difference adds up at least with formation.Each I and Q component group provide 2 inputs to hybrid matrix 512.Hybrid matrix 512 has the order that equals 2N, and blind signal separation processor 510 can separate desired source signals 514 with hybrid matrix 512.

One of each I in antenna element 502 downstreams and Q module 506 are depicted in the 16th figure.The mixed signal that is received in antenna element 502 places is cut apart by a pair of blender 520.I and Q component produce for another frequency range by two synchronous detector conversion intermediate frequency (IF) signals that same reference signal 90 degree phase differences are applied to usually.Simultaneously, I and Q signal can be preserved the phase information that is contained in the intermediate-freuqncy signal, facilitate the signal with positive frequency different with the signal with negative frequency by this.

Being received mixed signal by separation is I and Q component, and the hybrid matrix size increases the factor 2.As long as I and Q component are by with the different pieces of information stream encryption, the mixed signal that then is received in any antenna element can be split into two different mixed signals.

In the different coding example, the modulation person's character must the analyzed I of deciding and Q whether satisfy linear requirement.For example, show that when Gauss's least displacement keying (GMSK) coding was suitably used filtering, it can be linear by hypothesis, and when being processed in the receiver, it is as if bi Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) coding at global mobile communication system (GSM).In case bi Phase Shift Keying satisfies the blind signal separation requirement, then illustrated I and Q handle and can be used.

I and Q component can be used for assembling hybrid matrix A by any above-mentioned aerial array embodiment.When I and Q were used, hybrid matrix A can be assembled as if 2 times of antenna element numbers of packages are used.Another example can be used by 2 antenna elements unconnected with not waiting polarization (the 2*2 factor) (2 factors), and with the combination of I and Q component (the 2*2*2 factor) 8 independent mixed signal is added up to be able to be produced.

This mechanism also can be created more signals by aerial array deflection technology and add up.These add up, and each also is separated into I and Q component in regular turn.

Another feature of the present invention is relevant can to develop the multiplexing many inputs of same radio channel and many output (MIMO) antenna technologies.The receiver treatment technology of interference eliminated can minimize required antenna number by development field pattern diversity, increases signal transmission intensity and corresponding data speed but not use antenna diversity to reach.

Aerial array has one in its receiver path can change weight.When these weights were changed, the reception antenna field pattern was corrected.By using the technology of the good proof of similar these Blind Signal Separation, the expection signal can be captured from comprising from some receiver datas of the signal of son that disturb.

Shown in the 17th figure, no matter how field pattern is formed, and it is possible substituting the antenna diversities of importing and exporting in the reception structure of implementing more with the field pattern diversity more.K field pattern number equals N antenna element number of packages in theory.Yet K field pattern can be had the L antenna element by generation, and it is lower than the required N of a prior art antenna element.Similarly both deposited the many inputs of aerial array and many output is implemented, it is just equal in all can be by the example of K receiver field pattern identification that M and K only are transmitted M space channel in all.Only be used for fixing conveyer and receiver example because this is generally, minimize so need exceed the quata receiver field pattern or conveyer field pattern are reached K or M spatial gain.The multi-user detects treatment technology and is used to data channel is isolated from receiver system.The method of all above-mentioned construction hybrid matrix can be taken as this and implement part.

The relevant intersymbol interference of another feature of the present invention (ISI).The configuration that restricted passage the 18th figure that uses Fu Liye to change to reduce intersymbol interference is provided proposes.Following is added to and improves the Fu Liye conversion method that reduces intersymbol interference on the transmission equipment side: the Viterbi coding, repeat/intert and piece is redundant staggeredly is added in transmission equipment side.On the receiver side, following piece is added: Blind Signal Separation is disturbed and to be removed, and the piece deinterleave goes repetition/go to intert and the Viterbi decoding.

" Viterbi coding " has can overcome the powerful redundant of data decode process errors.Coding alternative version as turbine coding also can be used." repeat or intert " can facilitate source data rate and be transmitted data block coupling between data rate." piece is staggered " can maximize and can improve the suitable decoding probability that the transfer channel situation is replied arriving at the source data randomization in regular turn.This can be in can be with data flow before the Viterbi decoder that effective Random assignment error is replied far beyond the piece error, by distribute this piece error introduce because of as the piece error that seriously declines and caused." Blind Signal Separation disturbs and to remove ' can before being converted to time domain, reduce signal and be the expection signal.

Supposing that final frequency-region signal has may not be the known statistical property of the people having the same aspiration and interest, then handling the non-people having the same aspiration and interest, to distribute the best approach of (PAR position standard) be to add non-linear matches device (being used for waiting changes to stride the signal level of frequency) in Fast Fourier Transform conversion output place, and the interpolation reverse conversion is changed the input in reverse Fast Fourier Transform.

In addition, this signal is modulated and be aggregated into transmitted frequency in ideal situation usually, so be added into modulator, to upconverter and to down-converter, demodulator can be finished this image.The boundary that is transmitted between wave mode is to have noncontinuity.This can alleviate in a number of ways.One can be added boundary belt between wave mode, and wherein curve is to be interpolated the frequency component that is produced to minimize between wave mode.The method of all above-mentioned construction hybrid matrix all can be taken as the some of this enforcement.

The relevant field pattern diversity of supporting sheaf space communication of another feature of the present invention.With reference now to the 19th figure,, in the preferred embodiment, conveyer changes the power level of each minute sheaf space with time-sharing basis.This stream thereby arrive at the receiver place of each power level of tool, it provides the suitable difference of received signals to assemble the matrix that is applicable to blind signal separation.Because all power adjustment all are achieved in the conveyer place, so the L at receiver place antenna element number of packages is 1, and the receiver place does not need field pattern to produce hardware or software assembly.

The method also proposes prior art, wherein arrives at angle difference between signal to creating the field pattern profile of enough resoluting signals.

Among another embodiment, has non-obvious interference from the expection conveyer.If have single should interferences, then itself and change expect that difference will be enough to make blind signal separation to separate all signals between the conveyer wavefront.Obviously disturb son more than one if having, then rank of matrix may be not enough.System effectiveness can change by the additional field pattern of creating the receiver place to be improved.Though this departs from preferred embodiment, the dawn, it obviously lacked field pattern and the less enforcement that involves the receiver place before still needing.

Among another embodiment, several data flow are added up to be transmitted via the single antenna element via a power amplifier together.On the time-sharing basis, changed in the mode that is applicable to the Blind Signal Separation decoding of receiver place by the relative power position standard between cumulative signal.The method advantage is that each signal flow in the composite signal is the identical bang path effect of experience, and it means the relative signal relation and can be maintained between conveyer and the receiver.This provides the receiver place very powerful decoding situation.

This notion is mensurable, and wherein some signals add up individually and can transmit via the different antennae element.The strong signal separation can gain with multichannel diversity gain and/or spatial content and obtain.To go up in order advancing a theory to fixing peak value average signal power than message, can be kept the mode of approximate constant power position standard by cumulative signal power and adjust.The method of all above-mentioned construction hybrid matrix all can be taken as the some of this enforcement.

The relevant wave field patterns of supporting many while conveyers of another feature of the present invention.With reference now to the 20th figure,, several devices that are sent to access point are its radio frequency field patterns of modulation.Expection access point and unexpected access point are transmitted reception the accurate version in different capacity position of signal.This provides Blind Signal Separation separation signal information needed.

This modulation can be transmitted as the power simple as change.This can reach by independent field pattern profile, thus isotropic directivity, by the branch sector or even the beam forming field pattern all can be used.As the sight line that changes transmission beam aperture sight line also can be used.

Most effectual way is to have to use the conveyer that is calibrated time slot.This time point can be by the inside clock pulse in the operative installations, or upwards sets to the generalized time mark that access point transmitted synchronously.If signal arrives at when receiver and does not calibrate, then the ability drop of Blind Signal Separation separation signal.Calibration can postpone to adjust by distance or the Measuring Time of decision to device.Time point shifts to an earlier date or delay technology then can use by access device.

Suppose that the change of signal receiving gain is that they are Blind Signal Separation installing access point and other example interference uses of target, then calibrating suitable receiver may change.If no whole networking coordinate expects that then receiver should be calibrated.If have whole networking coordinate, then measurement may show that the best approach is to make signal be easier to remove to disturb son, and still provides abundant calibration to be located away from expection receiver place.

If have other signal sources of not using the accurate modulation technique in radio-frequency power position, then orthodox signal refusal technology can be used.Alternative is that receiver can use field pattern or other devices to increase the suitable rank of matrix of Blind Signal Separation.Even latter's device is used, also can be reduced the expenditure that is implemented in access point receiver place greatly by the degree of derivational matrix information.The method of all above-mentioned construction hybrid matrix all can be taken as the some of this enforcement.

Another feature of the present invention is the relevant Blind Signal Separation radio frequency decoding of adjusting optimization process and power consumption.Do not need the number of signals of the separated useful stream of decoding to be lowered.Usually, the decoding matrix order can determine separated significant signal number, and all the other signals are regarded as disturbing.In this value must comprise in the minimum with decoded signal.May higher minimum value need reduce interference components, signal-to-jamming ratio be facilitated to accept decode error rate.

The 21st figure is that the receiver of describing only to operate is implemented.The 22nd figure closes for the superset of the 21st figure, and also comprises data and the data of selectivity from receiver to conveyer from conveyer to receiver.

If select filled matrix to surpass the required order of operation, then aerial array control can reduce the selection number that is used.May be better from some selection that can obtain group than other persons, and optimal selection can be facilitated low rank of matrix.This group can be selected signal relatively by inspecting from various selections and other, by trial and error pricing technology (selecting k result as relatively being used and not being used), or follows the trail of by situation and outcome history and to decide.Employed where method or method combination can also suppose effectively that known conditions and history evidence are that the basis is decided.

When the known significant signal scope that is positioned at from some sources of device, as betide and contain in the overlapping region, then highest powered signal can be by expection from obvious different directions.This selection should the selected difference of the significant signal in these directions that provides.

About coding, the decision of error correction coding can be allowed the error rate in the primitive solution code stream.Because the initial error rate is also filled the subclass function of selecting for matrix, so these have the displacement relation between setting.Feedback between encoder and decoder and control loop can be used to select best setting mutually.

If receiver is found and is not in (as the line voltage power) in the power limited situation, then decoder can increase its rank of matrix.This can be used to some purposes.Higher rank can reduce interference, and it reduces signal-to-jamming ratio, and it reduces error rate in regular turn.Be lowered interference and can be used to increase transmit data rate, reduce the error correction coding or improve whole link reliability.

Transfer matrix is filled to bear to receiver and also can be reduced burden on the conveyer, and it can be probed into this and whether have control loop between the two.On the contrary, the device of use battery can be attempted transferring the possession of the order creation and increase to more powerful feeding mechanism.

Set by changing time point, the most powerful operation is to need decoding matrix to be calculated at each symbol again.Yet the people having the same aspiration and interest time usually surpasses symbolic number, make only need measure a little than this people having the same aspiration and interest time be fast speed.Reduce the decoding matrix decision power and processor expenditure take place to save.It is to be used to determine decoding matrix to have the numerous quilt of multifrequency to calculate that supervision takes place to change to the matrix of another generation from one again.In the broadband system, subchannel has indivedual people having the same aspiration and interest times usually.Each subchannel can have its self-decoding matrix and measurement of correlation speed.This eliminates the needs that calculate a very big decoding matrix with the fastest desired rate again.Usually, the measurement of subsolution sign indicating number matrix adds up meeting less than using a big person.

Transmit about field pattern, if field pattern is created in the source, then receiver can be adjusted its matrix filling reception and select to provide sufficient rank of matrix.Receiver can be based upon its value its transmission characteristic information that is transmitted the device notice, is received stream and decoded DATA REASONING, or sets with the transfer in source.Transfer the possession of in the example, the resource limit in source also can be considered, so anyly can suppose that per capita higher burden is so that unload another.

Relevant matrix technical solution, decoding matrix can not calculate to change usually from one steps on the as many as next one.Therefore, preceding value can be taken as the seed of solution iteration decision, and it is less than the processor density from zero decision.When matrix big can begin the time, iterative decoding solution is even determined when unknown state very fast usually.This is for solving big order, filling up matrix fully.

Usually, more than all combinations are visual available components, revise the bits of coded standard, suitably equipment and influence other factors of reasonable operation.The method of all above-mentioned construction hybrid matrix all can be taken as the some of this enforcement.

Another feature of the present invention is supported the effective coverage and is contained.At the field pattern transmission, basic conception is to use the fan that divided at framework address place to contain field pattern.Be used the actual sector number and be with capacity requirement and the relevant cost factor and different.Actual enforcement may be changed into any big quantity from single sector.The azimuth or the elevation angle or azimuth or elevation plane can be segmented again in sector itself.Using the vital interest that divides fan is that it alleviates the need for equipment of following the trail of link other end place according to beam-forming method.Keeping a sector coverage area is to be reduced for orthodox exchange situation to another.

The field pattern that prior art produces receiver and is applicable to blind signal separation changes.Relatively, there is suitable Blind Signal Separation decoder environment to small part in the conveyer operation technique.During some was implemented, it means receiver needn't produce any wave field pattern.During other were implemented, it meant wave field pattern number and is obviously reduced.

One embodiment is used for a transmission point.The situation that whether other transmission sources are also operated in the zone is not known in this embodiment proposition.With reference to the 23rd figure, transmit the field pattern profile and in the known sequential of receiver, be made into wave.

The change that transmits in the field pattern is timed to meet transmission symbol branch.Except the aperture sight line move, the field pattern profile is changed and is maintained fixed at time slot.Therefore, average area and not obvious change will not dealt with and there is the prediction trace message.

Receiver will experience because of changing the transmission wavefront power level that profile produced and change.The Blind Signal Separation matrix will be assembled each signal flow difference at different relative gain values place.

If be received signal of interest all from the one or more conveyers that use wave signal to send, then receiver only adopts sample therebetween in each field pattern change, and uses final data to come aggregate matrix to be used for Blind Signal Separation.

If have the conveyer mixing of using the wave signal transmission and do not use its other persons, then receiver can use orthodox signal separation techniques to explain them.For example, can be used as the method that wave beam forms and the multi-user detects.Yet the Blind Signal Separation method is more powerful usually.During enforcement, receiver can be carried out the field pattern distortion and produce enough additional field pattern to be increased the Blind Signal Separation rank of matrix more than the separated number of signals.

For example, implement at the Blind Signal Separation decoder, if three profiles of tool three signals are transmitted the device transmission and have two other signals to be received, then receiver must produce at least two profiles to interference separated from one another.This is less than three required profiles, so the burden of the enforcement on the receiver is lowered forever when not producing its oneself's group as if conveyer.

If conveyer just transmits single current along single path, then the field pattern set of contours need not be rotated or be different.This is to be changed with respect to every other received signals because of the signal that is detected in the receiver place.Therefore, conveyer can use simple power to change whole field pattern and need not change the profile external form.As long as other streams are added up in the receiver place, even fixed amplitude, Blind Signal Separation all can be separated it.This is to operate due to the required change because of the power high frequency vibration source provides it.If other streams are received more than one, produce ability unless receiver itself uses other separators or has its self-wave field pattern, otherwise as if its list that can be used as Blind Signal Separation divide into groups to disturb son.

Field pattern conveyer in the receiving mode will come into question now.Because the blind signal separation of many field patterns profile is the excellent process of Signal Separation, also can be used to produce the multiple collector value so be used to produce transmit field pattern constructed.When transmitting by support, it is the blind signal separation expenditure that the Blind Signal Separation reception only has cost factor.

User's equipment receiver feeds back to conveyer and will come into question now.Though be not strict needs, can be used to improve whole link from the feedback information of user's equipment receiver and operate.For example, receiver can determine in the field pattern profile each to change the degree that useful data is provided.This information is to be fed to conveyer.Conveyer then can be adjusted it and operate and improve link, uses less power, or other communication link are produced less interference.Some adjustment can be: how many each field patterns has change (just changing from M to N profile) during being used what sequence and symbol transmission process.The profile of every symbol changes adjustment must be transferred into receiver in the hope of best efficiency.

Second embodiment relates to many transmission point of known use said method.The operation of the receiver of many conveyers address is identical with the unit location basically.This difference is that field pattern that each conveyer produces can be counted in the receiver place and does Blind Signal Separation.

Yet more powerful operation can obtain by receiving from the relevant coordinated information that passes a parameter in networking.For example, the rank of matrix of stipulating required field pattern number in regular turn can be adjusted.In the time can obtaining, it is that whenever this information is adjusted that the field pattern of receiver produces.The wide RRM in networking can use to be fed to the information of user's equipment sets up the type use of wide field, networking, points to power level and time point.The method of all above-mentioned construction hybrid matrix all can be taken as the some of this enforcement.

Another feature of the present invention is that relevant Blind Signal Separation and field pattern fluctuate and assist CDMA signals to separate.Calculation comes effective separation signal, x at Blind Signal Separation _iReceived signal must be to assemble the signal that is received in the antenna place with the relative different weights factor that each signal links.This can be achieved in conveyer, receiver or both positions.No matter whether this weighted factor is changed in the transmission end or receiving terminal, its all can every chip or contiguous chip set change.Basic demand is to assemble signal by every symbol adjustment at least if any separated signal as many.

The 24th figure displaying symbol is changed the example of 12 (12 chip) frequencies.Be changed parameter and be fixed for 4 chips.Every symbol three parameter metaphors three unlike signals can be separated with this gathering received signals.

If conveyer just transmits single current along single path, then the field pattern set of contours need not be rotated or be different.This is to be changed with respect to every other received signals because of the signal that is detected in the receiver place.Therefore, conveyer can use simple power to change whole field pattern and need not change the profile external form.As long as other streams are added up in the receiver place, even fixed amplitude, Blind Signal Separation all can be separated it.This is to operate due to the required change because of power high frequency vibroseis provides it.If other streams are received more than one, produce ability unless receiver itself uses other separators or has its self-wave field pattern, otherwise as if its list that can be used as Blind Signal Separation divide into groups to disturb son.

Though be not strict needs, can be used to improve whole link from the feedback information of user's equipment receiver and operate.For example, receiver can determine in the field pattern profile each to change the degree that useful data is provided.This information is to be fed to conveyer.Conveyer then can be adjusted it and operate and improve link, uses less power, or other communication link are produced less interference.Though many change power profile methods are arranged, some adjustment can be what sequence that each field pattern is used; What have change during the symbol transmission process; And how to modulate and dither power to each link.The profile of every symbol changes adjustment must be transferred into receiver in the hope of best efficiency.

The actual power amplifier is that the best is used for its linear operation scope.Big peak value has been arranged to the average power ratio, the opereating specification of linear operation be lowered and produce power amplifier be lowered the linear dynamic control range, and the reduction operating distance between conveyer and receiver.When power was passing a parameter of being used, this considered and can alleviate by Several Methods.

These methods comprise when an above radiator during by the power supply of identical amplifier, and Blind Signal Separation changes can be by with all signal powers with keep fixing mode synchronization.That is to say that some transmits to increase by other and reduces payment.If power is by with near the modulation of the value of spreading rate, then excess power can by with storage unit and sensed than the chainlet wavelength-division from absorbing.Excess power can be transferred to spread loads.

Two or three dimension field patterns can be created by some transmission and receiving antenna device, comprise delay and the power level of adjusting phased array antenna; The parasitic antenna element of the commutative load of tool; The power planes load that produces the field pattern deflection changes; The machinery of element or reflector moves; And any combinations thereof.The method of all above-mentioned construction hybrid matrix all can be taken as the some of this enforcement.

The relevant single collector that is used for many spaces independent channel of another feature of the present invention.The switched parasitic antenna can be coupled to provide many spaces independent channel to the Base-Band Processing structure with the high-speed figure transducer and to down-converter.Many spaces independent channel disturbs amplifier (LNA) by using single hanging down, blender, and local oscillator (LO), low pass filter (LPF) and simulation digital converter (ADC) provide.

Can many methods handle with many spaces independent channel that this technology was obtained.Example can comprise people having the same aspiration and interest combination, and Blind Signal Separation or multiple-input and multiple-output receive to be handled.

This system principle is to be illustrated following and to link the 25th figure.Preferred embodiment comprises switches the single antenna array that component enters inductor and capacitor.The band pass filter restriction is presented to low frequency band and the total radio-frequency power that disturbs amplifier.The low amplifier that disturbs not is only for being used for the low interference amplifier of received signals.This radiofrequency signal of the downward harmony of blender and local oscillator is to intermediate frequency or base band direct current.Arbitrary enforcement can be compatible with back-end processing.

Antenna exchange, optional local oscillator exchange and de-multiplexer exchange all drive by identical numerical digit sequence generator, and N signaling channel can be gone out from N antenna diversity pattern is manufactured.This produces from blender to the single channel radio frequency output that is presented to low pass filter and simulation digital converter.

But there is not illustrated simulation digital converter is and the identical numerical digit sequence generator of driven antenna pattern that optional local oscillator and de-multiplexer are synchronous.Consider to have the signal of carrier frequency Fc and modulation frequency range B, de-multiplexer can be used as the downsampling operation with the pulse that is used for the pulse shape.At the array of a tool N element, the sample frequency of simulation digital converter is 2*N*B at least.Because every N sample only one be presented to base for the demodulator in processor link, so N be necessity.It is required that 2*B satisfies the Nyquist sampling thheorem.Therefore, the signal frequency range that this system received is also by the restriction of device exchange velocity.

But the parallel demodulator circuit of each N in de-multiplexer alternate sample and the BBP.The sample dispensing scheme must be a continuous dispensing not in group.For example, if there are three antenna diversities to select (left side, the right side and omnirange), then N=3.Come self simulation digital converter numbering 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 sample will be assigned with as 1,4,7,10 to first demodulators link; 2,5,8,11 to second demodulator link; And 3,6,9,12 to the 3rd demodulators link.

As above-mentioned, demodulator can be people having the same aspiration and interest combination, Blind Signal Separation or any two common multiple-input and multiple-output demodulation techniques.This can be N illustration of single demodulator circuit or expects a combination of N space independent channel.People having the same aspiration and interest combination can be soft decision weighting or rigid decision is handled.Some implement restriction be come into question as follows.It comprises signal-to-jamming ratio (SNR) considers Annoyance Index, impedance matching and received signals power.

If you suppose that aerial array has the frequency range that is matched to received signals, then signal-to-jamming ratio is kept identical in the band.Yet, to compare down with traditional array, signal energy has been lowered N in the band ²The factor.

Because the low amplifier that disturbs is for first active component in the signal path after the aerial array, so when switching array began with the PIN diode, Annoyance Index was not an important consideration.Because each channel is to receive the 1/N signal power after the de-multiplexer, so low interference amplifier gain requires to be increased 10log ₁₀N keeps the compared signal amplitude of blender output place.

The interelement exchange of different antennae can be introduced impedance matching property and be changed.This is not to have forever as being connected directly to radio-frequency path " initiatively " the antenna embodiment of antenna element.Other " parasitism " antenna element only influences radio-frequency path.

Can with some multiple-input and multiple-output and the compatible alternate embodiment of other parallel path transfer schemes, be to integrate tuning local oscillator to be different carrier frequencies and to be exchanged for different antennae array diversity mode.This can reach synchronized with each other or independent.It still must take place simultaneously, but each state (array pattern is to carrier frequency) need not kept homophase.

This can be and receives the 802.11g+ wave mode, and wherein two regular 802.11g wave modes are transmitted in the useful enforcement on the two parallel ripples that do not coexist.In this example, you are going up and reaching between the carrier frequency down in the different field patterns on local oscillator, alternately different antennae array diversity mode alternately.

Blender can be set downward conversion radio frequency wave mode to intermediate frequency or to the base band direct current.This changes some simulation digital converter sampling request.Premeditated assumed name and other technology can be carried out intermediate frequency and still can reply the expected information content down in sampling.

The method is also considered to receive and the dual use of antenna of transmitting function.Receive application at some satellite, do not need transmitting function.At receiving and transmitting not is time division duplex system (as WLAN, WiMAX, WCDMA-TDD, TD-SCDMA etc.) simultaneously or double frequency duplex system (as GSM/GPRS) when non-, and when transfer mode can be considered when independent, reception antenna can be by the multiplex (MUX).At full duplex system (as CDMA2000 or WCDMA-FDD), transmitting function can be finished by stand-alone antenna.Any of these air interface all can use any demodulator techniques of energizing (people having the same aspiration and interest combination, Blind Signal Separation, multiple-input and multiple-output).

The relevant Blind Signal Separation that is applied to the CDMA receiver processing of another feature of the present invention.The aerial array that fully separates between antenna element is applicable to presents the decoding link.Can obtain literature survey and point out that this is the skilled artisan person of being believed usually.

Other documents are called as single antenna interference eliminated (SAIC) technology.These use Blind Signal Separation person to modulate to be associated and or add up independent I and Q component is created order 2 matrixes.Therefore, these decoders separable disturb son and expection signal.If have two to disturb son, then both the deposit receipt antenna interference cancellation techniques is not variable.It is called this for using " virtual " second antenna.

Prior art can independently add up by both depositing the technique device picked up signal, and improves by not presenting the additive method of being probed in document.Though I and Q device may be implemented in some wireless access networking, it may not be suitable for the code division multiple access coding.The method of all above-mentioned construction hybrid matrix all can be taken as the some of this enforcement.

Can and make it similar with rank of matrix though these technology increase independent component analysis, independent component analysis be used also acquisition expection signal, and it can not guarantee.So only the technology of Xiang Shuing still need be used to select suitably decoding link.For example, if its excessive unfavorable processed signal adds up, then you must withdraw from the independent component analysis processing.

Among second embodiment, the different coding link uses shown in the 26th figure.Node A place, the sets of signals example is shown in the 27th figure.Go alone and disturb son, but identical independent variable can be applied to son and the increase ranks of matrix of disturbing more by simple displaying.Disturb the bottom to be disturbed son to surmount, and the expection CDMA signals is positioned at below the interference bottom by narrow frequency.

As B node place among the 28th figure, disturb son to be captured." selector " be whether decision is interference really by the acquisition signal.If noiseless son occurs, it is selected then not have any signal.If signal has the expection characteristics of signals, then it is not selected.If one or more interference are selected, then it is presented to " reverser " (C node).Whether independent component analysis acquisition can reverse or non-return received signals, promptly need determine each signal must be reversed and mate this received signals.

Interference with correct amplitude symbol is presented to the negative input of adder at D node place.Skilled artisan is understood certainly and should be substituted, but implements more feasible on an equal basis.For example, pure adder can be used to this stage, and reverser only is used in signal by with the acquisition of non-return wave mode the time.The delay version of original received signals (A node) is presented in another adder input.This length of delay equals ICS, select and " reverser " handle caused delay.Skilled artisan is understood certainly and should be substituted, but implements more feasible on an equal basis.For example, delay and adder functional block can replace up to the smallest blocks that minimizes till being implemented by the conversion and two signals that add up.

D node place among the 29th figure disturbs son to be removed.E node place among the 30th figure, Rake (Rake) receiver this signal frequently that contracted is ridden and is presented to baseband decoder now.The collected signal of the further details antenna structure of this embodiment can obtain via selection according to the embodiment that technology had both been deposited in previous discussion reinforcement.

Should understand structure shown in the 26th figure only for implementing a general introduction method of the present invention.Handle and to select the prior art in different paths to implement also can be used before or after the position, but not make suitably the time " selector " present no any signal.Necessary and the processing delay of displacement, implementation cost, whole operation robustness and certain degree designer select relevant.Disturb the basic conception of son must remain in all variations of identical invention from the signal flow acquisition before only presenting to Rake receiver.

Disturb son though previous explanation has been shown to remove fully, should be appreciated that not to be that all disturb son all can be removed.Yet, suppose that the Rake decoder can deal with the modified signal group, any interference removes that can to provide than prior art usually be excellent improved potency.

CDMA signals itself has more Gaussian characteristics than its frequency version that contracts, and allows independent component analysis more be difficult to detecting.Yet, because signal is still kept some statistical significances, so the plurality of data that links with the expection signal removes also feasible.Disturb son to remove common highly significant once more, and all gain is become restriction Rake decoder.Alternative is that all decoding processing can be further strengthened by using the processing increment method.Whether can by more detailed inspection be comprised or get rid of, and/or be removed the decoded signal integrity that number of signals can be incremented ground increase or minimizing and measured improvement or worsen the result if meaning signal.

One key point of present embodiment is that independent component analysis is used on the signal that it may identification, and on the CDMA signals of the Rake that is difficult to identification and/or acquisition during not being used to before handling.

The relevant mixing Minimum Mean Square Error matrix pen separation weight that is used for via the blind signal processing of field pattern of another feature of the present invention.Refer again to United States Patent (USP) the 6th, 931, No. 362, wherein many sensors are for providing linear independent cumulative signal required.' 362 patent case is merged in reference at this.Except many sensors, above-mentioned aerial array also can be used, and ' 362 patent case is handled after disclosing and still can be used.Skilled artisan can be remembered the many corrections of the present invention and other embodiment, has the interests of teaching of being presented in above-mentioned explanation and relevant drawings.Therefore, should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiment that is disclosed, and revise and embodiment is expected and is contained in the claim scope.

Claims (32)

1. communicator, described communicator comprises:

Aerial array comprises N antenna module, and the difference of N at least that is used to receive M source signal adds up, and N is less than M;

The coding device frequently that contracts, be connected with a described N antenna module, the described difference of N at least of a described M source signal of being used to decode adds up, and each during a described N difference adds up adds up and comprises a plurality of codings, adds up with the additional difference that described M the source signal that links therewith is provided;

Receiver assembly contracts frequently with described coding that device is connected, and is used to receive the described additional difference that the described difference of N at least of a described M source signal adds up and adds up; And

Blind signal separation processor, be connected with described receiver assembly, be used to form hybrid matrix, described hybrid matrix comprises that the described additional difference that the described difference of N at least of a described M source signal adds up adds up, and the desired source signals that described blind signal separation processor is used for a described M source signal is provided is separated with described hybrid matrix.

2. communicator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, each during a described N difference adds up adds up and comprises k coding, is used to provide k additional difference of a described M source signal to add up; Wherein, the described additional difference that is received by the described receiver assembly difference of kN at least that comprises a described M source signal that adds up adds up; And wherein, described hybrid matrix has and equals kN at the most order.

3. communicator according to claim 2 is characterized in that kN=M.

4. communicator according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the described order of described hybrid matrix is K, and wherein K＜kN, and described blind signal separation processor separates K source signal in the described M source signal with described hybrid matrix.

5. communicator according to claim 2 is characterized in that kN＞M.

6. communicator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, a described N antenna module comprises N associated antenna assembly.

7. communicator according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described N associated antenna assembly comprises N active antenna, makes described aerial array form phased array.

8. communicator according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described N associated antenna assembly comprises at least one active antenna and N-1 passive antenna element at the most, makes described aerial array form switched beam antenna.

9. communicator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, at least 2 antenna modules in the described N antenna module are associated and have opposed polarity.

10. communicator according to claim 9 is characterized in that described opposed polarity is orthogonal.

11. communicator according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described communicator further comprises elevation-angle controller, be used for the described N of the selectively changing antenna beam elevation angle of one of them at least, to produce at least one additional antenna wave beam, make at least one additional difference of a described M source signal add up and be received; Wherein described at least one additional difference of the described M of a decoder decode source signal adds up, and per 1 additional difference adds up and comprises that k coding adds up with k the difference that described M the source signal that links therewith is provided; The described at least one additional kN difference that wherein said receiver assembly also uses described at least one additional antenna wave beam to receive a described M source signal adds up; Reach wherein said blind signal separation processor and form described hybrid matrix, add up with a described at least one additional kN difference that comprises a described M source signal.

12. communicator according to claim 11, it is characterized in that, the described elevation angle of the described N of a described elevation-angle controller selectively changing antenna patterns illustrated, N the additional difference that makes N additional antenna field pattern be produced to be used to receive a described M source signal adds up, and described mixed moment rank of matrix equals 2kN now.

13. communicator according to claim 11, it is characterized in that, described elevation-angle controller is split into P zone of described relatively N antenna module, per 1 zone is changed the described elevation angle of a described N antenna patterns illustrated by independent control, N the additional difference that makes N additional antenna field pattern be produced to be used to receive a described M source signal adds up, and described mixed moment rank of matrix equals 2kPN now.

14. communicator according to claim 11 is characterized in that, described aerial array comprises ground; And a wherein said N antenna module comprises:

The active antenna on contiguous described ground;

A plurality of passive antenna element on contiguous described ground, per 1 passive antenna element comprises:

The first half and corresponding Lower Half;

Top variable reactance load connects the described first half to described ground, to be used to change the antenna patterns illustrated azimuth;

Described elevation-angle controller comprises the corresponding bottom variable reactance load that is used for per 1 passive antenna element connecting described Lower Half to described ground, and by adjust the variable reactance load of described bottom at least one of them so that a described N antenna patterns illustrated move at elevation direction.

15. communicator according to claim 11 is characterized in that, described aerial array comprises in abutting connection with the ground of a described N antenna module; And wherein said elevation-angle controller comprises the controlled radio frequency inhibition coil with the coupling of described ground, and suppresses coil so that a described N antenna beam moves in elevation direction by controlling described radio frequency.

16. communicator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described aerial array forms N antenna beam at least; And further comprise controller, described controller is connected with described aerial array, forms the described antenna beam of N at least with selectivity, and N and M are greater than 2; And whether wherein said blind signal separation processor also determines this difference of a described M source signal to add up to be associated or adds up independent, and if this difference of a described M source signal adds up unconnected or does not add up independent, then with described controller co-operate being formed for receiving the new different different beams that add up of a described M source signal, this difference unconnected or independently described M the source signal of statistics adds up in the described hybrid matrix to replace.

17. communicator according to claim 16, it is characterized in that, described receiver assembly comprises N Rake receiver, per 1 Rake receiver comprises that P rake refers to, be used to produce P the different multichannel components that per 1 difference that described N difference of a described M source signal add up adds up, a described M source signal is by the antenna module reception that connects described correspondence so far; And wherein said blind signal separation processor is connected to a described N Rake receiver to form described hybrid matrix, the described difference of N at least of a described M source signal that comprises described hybrid matrix adds up reaches kPN different multichannel components at least, and described hybrid matrix has and equals to reach kPN order.

18. communicator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that one of them serves as that separate described desired source signals on the basis with described hybrid matrix to described blind signal separation processor at least with principal component analysis PCA, independent component analysis ICA and singular value decomposition SVD.

19. one kind is used for the operation communication device to separate the method for M the multiple source signals that signal source was provided, described communicator comprises aerial array, the decoder that is connected with described aerial array, the receiver assembly that is connected with described decoder and the blind signal separation processor that is connected with described receiver assembly, and described method comprises:

The difference of N at least that receives a described M source signal at described aerial array place adds up, and described aerial array comprises N antenna module, and N is less than M;

The described difference of N at least with the described M of a described decoder decode source signal adds up, and each difference that a described N difference adds up adds up and comprises a plurality of codings, adds up with the additional difference that described M the source signal that links therewith is provided;

The described additional difference that the described difference of N at least of a described M source signal is added up adds up and offers described receiver assembly; And

Handle based on the following step by described blind signal separation processor:

Form hybrid matrix, described hybrid matrix comprises that the described additional difference that the described difference of N at least of a described M source signal adds up adds up; And

Desired source signals is separated with described hybrid matrix.

20. method according to claim 19 is characterized in that, each during a described N difference adds up adds up and comprises k coding, is used to provide k additional difference of a described M source signal to add up; Wherein, the described additional difference that is received by the described receiver assembly difference of kN at least that receives a described M source signal that adds up adds up; And wherein, described hybrid matrix has and equals kN at the most order.

21. method according to claim 20 is characterized in that, kN=M.

22. method according to claim 20 is characterized in that, the described order of described hybrid matrix is K, and wherein K＜kN, and described blind signal separation processor separates K source signal in the described M source signal with described hybrid matrix.

23. method according to claim 20 is characterized in that, kN＞M.

24. method according to claim 19 is characterized in that, a described N antenna module comprises N associated antenna assembly.

25. method according to claim 24 is characterized in that, described N associated antenna assembly comprises N active antenna, makes described aerial array form phased array.

26. method according to claim 24 is characterized in that, described N associated antenna assembly comprises at least one active antenna and N-1 passive antenna element at the most, makes described aerial array form switched beam antenna.

27. method according to claim 19 is characterized in that, at least 2 antenna modules in the described N antenna module are associated and have opposed polarity.

28. method according to claim 20, it is characterized in that, described communicator further comprises elevation-angle controller, be used for the described N of the selectively changing antenna beam elevation angle of one of them at least, to produce at least one additional antenna wave beam, make at least one additional difference of a described M source signal add up and be received; Described at least one additional difference of the described M of a wherein said decoder decode source signal adds up, and per 1 additional difference adds up and comprises that k coding adds up with k the difference that described M the source signal that links therewith is provided; The described at least one additional kN difference that wherein said receiver assembly also uses described at least one additional antenna wave beam to receive a described M source signal adds up; Reach wherein said blind signal separation processor and form described hybrid matrix, add up with a described at least one additional kN difference that comprises a described M source signal.

29. method according to claim 28, it is characterized in that, the described elevation angle of the described N of a described elevation-angle controller selectively changing antenna patterns illustrated, N the additional difference that makes N additional antenna field pattern be produced to be used to receive a described M source signal adds up, and described mixed moment rank of matrix equals 2kN now.

30. method according to claim 19 is characterized in that, described aerial array forms N antenna beam at least; Described communicator further comprises controller, and described controller is connected with described aerial array, forms the described antenna beam of N at least with selectivity, and N and M are greater than 2; And whether wherein said blind signal separation processor also determines this difference of a described M source signal to add up to be associated or adds up independent, and if this difference of a described M source signal adds up unconnected or does not add up independent, then with described controller co-operate being formed for receiving the new different different beams that add up of a described M source signal, this difference unconnected or independently described M the source signal of statistics adds up in the described hybrid matrix to replace.

31. method according to claim 30, it is characterized in that, described receiver assembly comprises N Rake receiver, per 1 Rake receiver comprises that P rake refers to, be used to produce each P that adds up the different multichannel components that described N difference of a described M source signal adds up, a described M source signal is by the antenna module reception that connects described correspondence so far; And wherein said blind signal separation processor is connected to a described N Rake receiver to form described hybrid matrix, the described difference of N at least of a described M source signal that comprises described hybrid matrix adds up reaches kPN different multichannel components at least, and described hybrid matrix has and equals to reach kPN order.

32. method according to claim 19 is characterized in that, one of them serves as that separate described desired source signals on the basis with described hybrid matrix to described blind signal separation processor at least with principal component analysis PCA, independent component analysis ICA and singular value decomposition SVD.

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