CN102162965B - Super lens tuning method - Google Patents
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- CN102162965B CN102162965B CN2011100992893A CN201110099289A CN102162965B CN 102162965 B CN102162965 B CN 102162965B CN 2011100992893 A CN2011100992893 A CN 2011100992893A CN 201110099289 A CN201110099289 A CN 201110099289A CN 102162965 B CN102162965 B CN 102162965B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a super lens tuning method. The method comprises the following steps: (1) fabricating a super lens; (2) placing a target object in a position close to the surface of the super lens; and (3) tuning the super lens by use of peripheral equipment to obtain the clear image of the target object of the step (2). The super lens tuning method can real-timely adjust the dielectric constant of a metal material in a metal layer film and the dielectric constant of a dielectric material in a dielectric layer film of the super lens by applying the external electric field, temperature, light intensity or magnetic field and the like on the super lens and real-timely adjusting the intensity of the external electric field, temperature, light intensity or magnetic field through the peripheral equipment, thereby achieving the real-time turning of the super lens. Therefore, the super lens can be located in the optimal focusing position to obtain the best imaging effect of the target object.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used in a kind of super lens and the tuning methods thereof in micro-nano imaging, bio-imaging, nanoimprinting technology and other nanocomposite optical field, specifically, relate to a kind of super lens and tuning methods thereof.
Background technology
Recently, caused people's extensive concern based on the super lens technology of metal-dielectric combined material, reason is that super lens can break through the traditional optical diffraction limit, to the object imaging of sub-wavelength magnitude or amplify.Early stage super lens mainly is to the imaging of object equal proportion on function, therefore can be used for nano-photoetching etc.; In recent years; The super lens technology further develops, and can the object of sub-wavelength be amplified, and its application is extended to fields such as biological dna molecular imaging.Can mainly be hyperbolic lens to the super lens that object amplifies, on design concept, the hyperbolic dispersion characteristics that the utilization of this kind lens is level and smooth make it can support the ripple of very large spatial frequency to lose and have identical phase velocity simultaneously.Hyperbolic lens can be integrated in traditional microscope, makes it can enlarge the ability of diffraction limit, and is opening up a new world in the micro-imaging field in real time.
The resolution of conventional optical imaging system is limited by diffraction limit owing to intrinsic character own; Therefore, it is HFS because its decay and can not be projected the far field rapidly in the scope of marching into the arena that the spatial information less than the object of half wavelength that comprises in the object holds.Although near-field scanning optical microscope can be broken through this restriction near the evanescent field of object through collecting very, the very important near field disturbance slow and that the scanning needle point brings of its sweep speed has hindered near-field scanning optical microscope aspect real time imagery and the application of biosystem.2000, what the theoretical scholar J.B.Pendry of Britain's light proposed can realize that the super lens of real time imagery is the first step towards the real time imagery that overcomes diffraction limit near field range; More great breakthrough is along with the appearance of optics hyperbolic lens notion.2006; Zubin Jacob has proposed the notion of hyperbolic lens (Hyperlens) first; The layer structure that he utilizes metal and dielectric material to replace lets evanescent wave revert to picture in the far-field region, and does not need again the exit end of lens just to be handled and can directly be observed.This optical device based on ultra material of dielectric layer that this design replaces on curved-surface structure and metal level has obtained strong optically anisotropic character; Can support the very keying wave of large space frequency like this; Owing to its cylindrical structural, make ripple its lateral wave anergy in the process of outwards propagating access compression and make it simultaneously along radial propagation.Therefore, the detail section of the high-frequency information that is comprised in the object will be exaggerated through this hyperbolic structure, can be transferred to the far field when making it greater than diffraction limit.But the hyperbolic lens of above all experiment proof all is limited in the amplification of one dimension and the wavelength of ultraviolet, however in the imaging applications of many reality, more situation be can be in visible range real-time two-dimensional imaging.2010; The Zhang Xiang team of Univ California-Berkeley has proposed to realize the ball-type hyperbolic super lens structure of two-dimensional real-time imaging; It can be broken through diffraction limit and can realize two-dimentional real time imagery at visible-range; Do not need the restoration and reconstruction of optical scanning or imaging, evanescent wave is transformed into keying wave, in far-field range, generate the picture that amplifies.The ability of its two-dimensional real-time imaging be the optical scanning probe microscope and or cell in the real time imagery of biomolecular science opened up new main road.
Through the research in surplus ten years, the theoretical research of super lens imaging technique and experimental study were all to develop into a new stage.Yet; In order to make the real practicability of this technology; Also have a lot of crucial problem in science to need to solve, wherein, the most key problem is exactly how to carry out tuning in real time to the imaging of super lens; Make it under the immovable situation of structural parameters, be operated in different wave bands, thereby carry out clear, high-resolution perfect imaging.Especially, the formation method of super lens commonly used can't be realized clear, high-resolution perfect imaging to the object that dynamically moves.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters:Technical matters to be solved by this invention is: the tuning methods that a kind of super lens is provided; When utilizing this super lens imaging; Can be under the immovable situation of super lens structural parameters; Tuning in real time to super lens, be operated in different wave bands, object is carried out clear, high-resolution perfect imaging.
Technical scheme:For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: the tuning methods of super lens may further comprise the steps: the first step: make super lens; Second step: the near surface that object is placed on super lens; The 3rd step: it is tuning to utilize external unit that super lens is carried out, make object in second step appear clearly as.
Further, in described the 3rd step, external unit is attemperating unit and temperature control heating plate, and the temperature control heating plate is placed on the bottom of super lens, and attemperating unit is connected through lead with the temperature control heating plate; Attemperating unit heats up and cooling through regulating, the metal in the change metal level film and the specific inductive capacity of the dielectric material in the dielectric layer film, the imaging effect of tuning super lens.
Further, in described the 3rd step, external unit is the power supply that electric current and voltage amplitude can be regulated, and connects the metal level film in power supply and the super lens with plain conductor, makes that metal level film, lead and the power supply in the super lens constitutes a closed circuit; Through regulating the voltage amplitude size of the electric signal in the input metal level film, control the temperature of super lens, change the specific inductive capacity of the dielectric material in the dielectric layer film, the imaging effect of tuning super lens.
Further; In described the 3rd step, the add light source of external unit for regulating is through adding the surface of light source irradiation super lens; The heat that utilizes light to produce heats super lens; Control simultaneously adds the intensity of light source irradiation, the metal in the change metal level film and the specific inductive capacity of the dielectric material in the dielectric layer film, and then the imaging effect of tuning super lens.
Further, in described the 3rd step, external unit is an electric signal source, connects the metal level film in electric signal source and the super lens with plain conductor, makes that metal level film, lead and the electric signal source in the super lens constitutes a closed circuit; Through regulating the voltage swing of the electric signal in the input metal level film, the metal in the change metal level film and the specific inductive capacity of the dielectric material in the dielectric layer film, the imaging effect of tuning super lens.
Further; In described the 3rd step; External unit is placed on super lens in the magnetic field for can regulate the magnet of magnetic field intensity, through changing the intensity in the magnetic field that magnet produces; The metal in the control metal level film and the specific inductive capacity of the dielectric material in the dielectric layer film, the imaging effect of tuning super lens.
Beneficial effect:Compared with prior art, technical scheme of the present invention has following advantage:
1. under the immovable situation of super lens structural parameters, tuning in real time to super lens, be operated in different wave bands, the static target thing is carried out perfect clearly imaging.The formation method of super lens is at present: the object that utilizes single wavelength light source irradiation super lens surface; Opposite side imaging at super lens; Imaging definition is only relevant with the structural parameters of super lens, and the super lens structural parameters are fixing, in imaging process, can't change.Therefore this method does not have tuber function, so imaging definition can't be regulated.In addition, analyze from the principle of super lens, super lens itself also is the function that does not possess tuning focus.The tuning methods of the super lens that the present technique scheme proposes; Through utilizing external unit; Super lens is applied the influence of factors such as extra electric field, temperature, light intensity or magnetic field; And the intensity in real-time regulated extra electric field, temperature, light intensity or magnetic field, come metal and the specific inductive capacity of the dielectric material in the dielectric layer film in the metal level film of real-time regulated super lens with this, and then realize super lens is carried out tuning in real time; Make the focal position of super lens be positioned at the optimum position, make the static target thing obtain best imaging effect.
2. tuning methods provided by the invention can utilize the light source of multi-wavelength that object is carried out perfect clearly imaging.The formation method of super lens can not be realized tuning in real time to effective light path of super lens at present.Like this, can only form images to object, adopt traditional formation method and super lens, promptly can't form images clearly object if change the wavelength of light source with single wavelength.And the method that the present technique scheme provides can realize tuning in real time to effective light path of super lens.Like this; In imaging process; Through the intensity in real-time regulated extra electric field, temperature, light intensity or magnetic field, come metal and the specific inductive capacity of the dielectric material in the dielectric layer film in the metal level film of real-time regulated super lens with this, effective light path of super lens is changed; With the light source of different wave length be tuned in its best effective light path scope, be positioned at the optimum position and obtain best imaging effect.
3. tuning methods provided by the invention can carry out perfect clearly imaging to the moving target thing.The moving target thing is because in dynamic changing process, so its imaging focal position is dynamic change.The formation method of super lens can not be realized tuning in real time to super lens at present.Like this,, adopt traditional formation method and super lens, can't form images clearly object for the moving target thing.And the method that the present technique scheme provides can realize tuning in real time to super lens.Like this; For the moving target thing, in imaging process, through the intensity in real-time regulated extra electric field, temperature, light intensity or magnetic field; Come metal and the specific inductive capacity of the dielectric material in the dielectric layer film in the metal level film of real-time regulated super lens with this; Make the diverse location of the focal position of super lens according to the moving target thing, real time altering makes the moving target thing obtain best imaging effect.
4. realize that tuning methods provided by the invention is various informative.Because the metal in the metal level film and the specific inductive capacity of the dielectric material in the dielectric layer film can be regulated through thermo-optic effect, electrooptical effect or magneto-optic effect; And the implementation of every kind of effect also is various, so the tuning methods of present technique scheme can be realized through multiple device.For example, lens are heated, utilize thermo-optic effect to regulate metal and the specific inductive capacity of the dielectric material in the dielectric layer film in the metal level film through attemperating unit and temperature control heating plate; Through the power supply that electric current and voltage amplitude can be regulated, regulate the voltage amplitude that gets in the metal level film, utilize electrooptical effect to regulate the specific inductive capacity of the dielectric material in the dielectric layer film; Through the surface that adds the light source irradiation super lens that can regulate, utilize thermo-optic effect to regulate metal and the specific inductive capacity of the dielectric material in the dielectric layer film in the metal level film; Through being connected of electric signal source and metal level film, utilize thermo-optic effect to regulate metal and the specific inductive capacity of the dielectric material in the dielectric layer film in the metal level film; Through producing the device in magnetic field, utilize magneto-optic effect to regulate metal and the specific inductive capacity of the dielectric material in the dielectric layer film in the metal level film.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure cut-open view of the plate shaped super lens that uses among the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structure cut-open view of the cylindrical super lens that uses among the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the semisphere super lens that uses among the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the dispersion curve synoptic diagram that satisfies the super lens image-forming condition.
Fig. 5 is the dispersion curve synoptic diagram that does not satisfy the super lens image-forming condition.
Have among the figure: metal level film 1, dielectric layer film 2.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing technical scheme of the present invention is done further to describe.
The tuning methods of a kind of super lens of the present invention may further comprise the steps: the first step: make super lens.
In this step, like Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3, super lens alternately is made up of metal level film 1 and dielectric layer film 2.Dielectric layer film 2 is processed by the dielectric material with optical transparence, and preferably by silicon dioxide, perhaps the alumina medium material is processed.
Second step: the near surface that object is placed on super lens.
In this step, object is the object that moves, perhaps static object.
The 3rd step: it is tuning to utilize external unit that super lens is carried out, make object in second step appear clearly as.
In this step; Because the present technique scheme is to utilize high-order nonlinear effects such as thermo-optic effect, electrooptical effect, magneto-optic effect to regulate metal and the specific inductive capacity of the dielectric material in the dielectric layer film 2 in the metal level films 1; Realization is to the adjusting of super lens imaging and focusing, so external unit can have various ways.Because the implementation of every kind of effect also is various, so the tuning methods of present technique scheme can be realized through multiple different device.
The metal in the employing thermo-optic effect adjusting metal level film 1 and the specific inductive capacity of the dielectric material in the dielectric layer film 2, external unit can be attemperating unit and temperature control heating plate.The temperature control heating plate is placed on the bottom of super lens, and attemperating unit is connected through lead with the temperature control heating plate, form a closed circuit.Attemperating unit heats up and cooling through regulating, change in the metal level film 1 in metal and the specific inductive capacity of the dielectric material in the dielectric layer film 2, the imaging effect of tuning super lens.External unit can be an electric signal source.Connect the metal level film 1 in electric signal source and the super lens with plain conductor, make that metal level film 1, lead and the electric signal source in the super lens constitutes a closed circuit.Through regulating the size of current that electric signal source flows out, control the temperature of super lens, utilize thermo-optic effect to change metal and the specific inductive capacity of the dielectric material in the dielectric layer film 2 in the metal level film 1, the imaging effect of tuning super lens.External unit can also be intensity can regulate add light source.Through adding the surface of light source irradiation super lens; The heat that utilizes light to produce heats super lens; Control simultaneously adds the intensity of light source irradiation, the metal in the change metal level film 1 and the specific inductive capacity of the dielectric material in the dielectric layer film 2, and then the imaging effect of tuning super lens.
Adopt electrooptical effect to regulate the specific inductive capacity of the dielectric material in the dielectric layer film 2, external unit can be the power supply that electric current and voltage amplitude can be regulated.Connect the metal level film 1 in power supply and the super lens with plain conductor, make that metal level film 1, lead and the power supply in the super lens constitutes a closed circuit.Through regulating the voltage amplitude size of the electric signal in the input metal level film 1, change the specific inductive capacity of the dielectric material in the dielectric layer film 2, the imaging effect of tuning super lens.
The metal in the employing magneto-optic effect adjusting metal level film 1 and the specific inductive capacity of the dielectric material in the dielectric layer film 2, external unit can be the adjustable magnet of magnetic field intensity.Super lens is placed in the magnetic field, through changing the intensity and the magnetic direction in the magnetic field that magnet produces, the metal in the control metal level film 1 and the specific inductive capacity of the dielectric material in the dielectric layer film 2, the imaging effect of tuning super lens.
Below discuss through the metal in the change metal level film 1 and the specific inductive capacity of the dielectric material in the dielectric layer film 2, the principle of the imaging effect of tuning super lens.
We are that example is explained with the cylindrical super lens of Fig. 2.According to EFFECTIVE MEDIUM THEORY, want to realize the perfection imaging of super lens, its effective dielectric constant must satisfy formula (1) and formula (2):
In formula (1) and formula (2); The thickness of
expression dielectric layer film 2; The thickness of
expression metal level film 1; The specific inductive capacity of
expression dielectric layer film 2; The specific inductive capacity of
expression metal level film 1;
expression effective dielectric constant radially,
expression effective dielectric constant tangentially.The diffraction limit that overcomes super lens realizes the far field imaging, must satisfy dispersion relation:
Metal is a chromatic dispersion material, and its specific inductive capacity and incident wavelength satisfy the metal material dispersive model:
When utilizing the LASER Light Source irradiation metallic film surface of high power density; The high electron density of moment and temperature increase the specific inductive capacity of meeting appreciable impact metal suddenly; The specific inductive capacity that is metal can change along with the change of ambient temperature; Thereby utilize this thermal effect of metal material to change the working temperature of super lens, thereby the adjusting that reaches dielectric constant of metal makes it can satisfy dispersion relation.Equally can also be through choosing suitable dielectric material; And utilize its hot light, electric light, magneto-optic or other high-order nonlinear effects to regulate its specific inductive capacity; Make it can satisfy dispersion relation; Let super lens under the immovable situation of structural parameters, be operated in different wave bands, thereby realize object is carried out clear, high-resolution real time imagery.
Use the tuning methods of present technique scheme, tuning in real time to super lens under the immovable situation of super lens structural parameters, be operated in different wave bands, can be to the static target thing, the object that perhaps moves carries out perfect clearly imaging.The tuning methods of the super lens that the present technique scheme proposes; Through utilizing external unit; Super lens is applied the influence of factors such as extra electric field, temperature, light intensity or magnetic field, and the intensity in real-time regulated extra electric field, temperature, light intensity or magnetic field, come metal and the specific inductive capacity of the dielectric material in the dielectric layer film in the metal level film of real-time regulated super lens with this; And then realize super lens is carried out tuning in real time; Make the focal position of super lens be positioned at the optimum position, and this focal position can real time altering, make object obtain best imaging effect.
The protection core of present technique scheme is to use external unit; Utilize thermo-optic effect, electrooptical effect, magneto-optic effect or this area of super lens to know other high-order nonlinear effect; Specific inductive capacity to metal in the metal level film in the super lens and the dielectric material in the dielectric layer film is regulated, to obtain best focal position and best imaging effect.Only change the concrete external unit of mentioning in the present technique scheme; But still utilize the thermo-optic effect, electrooptical effect, magneto-optic effect of super lens or other high-order nonlinear effect; Specific inductive capacity to metal in the metal level film in the super lens and the dielectric material in the dielectric layer film is regulated, and still belongs to the protection domain of present technique scheme.
Claims (8)
1. the tuning methods of a super lens is characterized in that, this tuning methods may further comprise the steps:
The first step: make super lens;
Second step: the near surface that object is placed on super lens;
The 3rd step: utilize external unit to carry out tuning to super lens; Wherein utilize these high-order nonlinear effects of thermo-optic effect, electrooptical effect, magneto-optic effect to regulate metal and the specific inductive capacity of dielectric layer film (2) medium material in metal level films (1); Realization is tuning to the super lens imaging focal length, make object in second step appear clearly as;
In the described first step, super lens alternately is made up of metal level film (1) and dielectric layer film (2);
Described dielectric layer film (2) is to be processed by the dielectric material with optical transparence.
2. according to the tuning methods of the described super lens of claim 1, it is characterized in that described dielectric material is a silicon dioxide, perhaps aluminium oxide.
3. according to the tuning methods of the described super lens of claim 1, it is characterized in that in described second step, object is the object that moves, perhaps static object.
4. according to the tuning methods of the described super lens of claim 1; It is characterized in that in described the 3rd step, external unit is attemperating unit and temperature control heating plate; The temperature control heating plate is placed on the bottom of super lens, and attemperating unit is connected through lead with the temperature control heating plate; Attemperating unit heats up and cooling through regulating, the metal in the change metal level film (1) and the specific inductive capacity of the dielectric material in the dielectric layer film (2), the imaging effect of tuning super lens.
5. according to the tuning methods of the described super lens of claim 1; It is characterized in that; In described the 3rd step; External unit is the power supply that electric current and voltage amplitude can be regulated, and connects the metal level film (1) in power supply and the super lens with plain conductor, makes that metal level film (1), lead and the power supply in the super lens constitutes a closed circuit; Through regulating the voltage amplitude size of the electric signal in the input metal level film (1), control the temperature of super lens, change the specific inductive capacity of the dielectric material in the dielectric layer film (2), the imaging effect of tuning super lens.
6. according to the tuning methods of the described super lens of claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described the 3rd step; The add light source of external unit for regulating; Through adding the surface of light source irradiation super lens, the heat that utilizes light to produce heats super lens, and control simultaneously adds the intensity of light source irradiation; The metal in the change metal level film (1) and the specific inductive capacity of the dielectric material in the dielectric layer film (2), and then the imaging effect of tuning super lens.
7. according to the tuning methods of the described super lens of claim 1; It is characterized in that; In described the 3rd step; External unit is an electric signal source, connects the metal level film (1) in electric signal source and the super lens with plain conductor, makes that metal level film (1), lead and the electric signal source in the super lens constitutes a closed circuit; Through regulating the voltage swing of the electric signal in the input metal level film (1), the metal in the change metal level film (1) and the specific inductive capacity of the dielectric material in the dielectric layer film (2), the imaging effect of tuning super lens.
8. according to the tuning methods of the described super lens of claim 1; It is characterized in that in described the 3rd step, external unit is for can regulate the magnet of magnetic field intensity; Super lens is placed in the magnetic field; Through changing the intensity in the magnetic field that magnet produces, the metal in the control metal level film (1) and the specific inductive capacity of the dielectric material in the dielectric layer film (2), the imaging effect of tuning super lens.
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| CN102798990A (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2012-11-28 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | Metamaterial and chromatic dispersion topology phase change method thereof |
| CN105158923A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-16 | 盐城师范学院 | Magnetic superlens structure with adjustable wavelength and imaging method thereof |
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