CN102158882B - Two-channel data detection and protocol analysis meter based on 6LowPAN and method - Google Patents

Two-channel data detection and protocol analysis meter based on 6LowPAN and method Download PDF

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CN102158882B
CN102158882B CN201110140443.7A CN201110140443A CN102158882B CN 102158882 B CN102158882 B CN 102158882B CN 201110140443 A CN201110140443 A CN 201110140443A CN 102158882 B CN102158882 B CN 102158882B
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frame
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CN102158882A (en
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谢昊飞
王平
沈杰
陈庆华
陆楠
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Chongqing University of Post and Telecommunications
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Abstract

The invention provides a two-channel data detection and protocol analysis meter based on 6LowPAN and a method and relates to the technical field of wireless sensor network. The analysis meter comprises a wireless data acquisition module, an upper computer decoding analysis part, a wireless RF (radio frequency) transceiver 1 and a wireless RF (radio frequency) transceiver 2. The method comprises the following steps: continuously monitoring if wireless data message exists in the channel; to the data message, packaging the message header and the channel signal by a main controller and sending to the upper computer; using an upper computer data processing module to confirm the frame type according to a frame type subsection in a frame control field of MAC (media access control) layer message header of the received data message; if being 6LowPAN packet, analyzing the protocol message header of the 6LowPAN packet layer by layer according to a protocol rule of a 6LowPAN protocol model; and performing analytic statistics and displaying on a man-machine interface.

Description

Two-channel data detection and protocol analyzer and method based on 6LowPAN
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless sensor networks, in particular to data detection and protocol analysis of a 6LowPAN (IPv 6 over LR _ WPAN, 6LowPAN for short).
Background
With the rapid development of wireless communication technology in the field of industrial control, an industrial wireless communication technology oriented to information interaction between devices is generated. In the development and testing of wireless sensor technology, data detection and protocol analysis between devices in a wireless sensor network are required.
There are many communication network protocol analysis devices, which mainly analyze protocols and provide specific data support for reliability and stability of network systems. However, the current protocol analyzer has more defects. First, as most commonly used, sniffers mainly monitor network status and data flow, and are single channel monitoring, lacking detection for wireless sensor networks. Secondly, the existing protocol for the wireless sensor network mainly aims at the single protocol ZigBee for detection and analysis, and the expandability is lacked. Thirdly, the penetration of the IPv6 technology in the wireless sensor network detects and analyzes the 6LowPAN, which realizes IPv6 communication based on ieee802.15.4, of the new wireless sensor network technology, and new data detection and protocol analysis are required to provide reliable data support for 6LowPAN development and research. Therefore, conventional analyzers cannot meet the requirements of new technologies, and data detection and protocol analysis technologies need to be updated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a two-channel data detection and protocol analyzer (hereinafter referred to as "analyzer") based on 6 LowPAN. The analyzer is a multifunctional analyzer based on a USB interface. The analyzer can be self-configured with two channels, simultaneously detect the wireless sensor network data messages and decode and analyze the protocol data messages. The method supports the compatibility of ZigBee protocol analysis and the extensible detection and decoding analysis of WIA-PA and ISA100.11a messages.
The data detection and protocol analyzer comprises two parts: the wireless data acquisition module part and the upper computer decoding and analyzing part. The wireless data acquisition module consists of a main controller, a 2.4GHz wireless radio frequency receiver module 1, a 2.4GHz wireless radio frequency receiver module 2, a USB interface module and a power supply management module. The upper computer decoding and analyzing part comprises a system setting module, a data processing module and a human-computer interface, a main controller carries out bus operation through two serial peripheral equipment interfaces of a synchronous serial port controller to respectively control the wireless RF receiver 1 and the wireless RF transceiver 2, continuously monitors whether a channel has a wireless data message or not through continuous polling, stores an effective data message in a data cache of each wireless RF transceiver, encapsulates a message header and a channel number for the data message and uploads the data message to the upper computer; the upper computer decoding analysis part data analysis module performs decoding analysis on the detected data packet, transmits the analyzed data message to the data display module after analyzing according to the protocol type, and the system setting part issues a command through the serial port to modify a channel for receiving the data message. The polling continuous monitoring channel whether has wireless data messages specifically comprises the steps of carrying out polling scanning on 16 original channel sequence tables through two wireless radio frequency receivers, and when each channel is scanned, automatically switching to the next adjacent channel number according to the original channel sequence table when no data message exists in the maximum time value of monitoring the data of each channel. The decoding analysis of the detected data packet is specifically that the upper computer data processing module determines the frame type according to the frame type sub-segment in the frame control domain of the MAC layer packet header of the received data packet. If the received MAC layer message header is an MAC command frame and a beacon frame, the data packet is a WIA-PA or ZigBee data packet; if the message header is a data frame, the data frame is a data packet of one of 6LowPAN, ISA100.11a, WIA-PA and ZigBee, and protocol rules of a 6LowPAN protocol model are preferentially adopted for layer-by-layer analysis.
The invention also provides a two-channel data detection and protocol analysis method based on 6LowPAN, which is characterized in that a main controller of a wireless data acquisition part carries out bus operation through two serial peripheral equipment interfaces of a synchronous serial port controller, respectively controls a wireless RF receiver 1 and a wireless RF transceiver 2, continuously monitors whether a channel has a wireless data message through continuous polling, stores an effective data message in a data cache of each wireless RF transceiver, encapsulates a message header and a channel number for the data message and uploads the data message to an upper computer; the upper computer decoding analysis part data analysis module performs decoding analysis on the detected data packet, transmits the analyzed data message to the data display module after analyzing according to the protocol type, and the system setting part issues a command through the serial port to modify a channel for receiving the data message.
The protocol analyzer provided by the invention is independent of a wireless sensor network system, can simultaneously carry out data monitoring and protocol analysis of two channels, can also adjust the two channels to simultaneously detect one channel, reduces the packet loss rate, can carry out detection and protocol decoding analysis on 6LowPAN, and is compatible with ZigBee protocol analysis and extensible WIA-PA and ISA100.11a protocol decoding analysis.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a portion of a wireless data acquisition module;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a decoding and analyzing part of the upper computer;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of serial port data reception;
fig. 66 LowPAN resolution flowchart.
Reference numbers in fig. 1: a is a main controller, B is a 2.4GHz wireless RF transceiver 1, C is a 2.4GHz wireless RF transceiver 2, D is a USB interface, and E is an upper computer decoding analysis part.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further analyzed in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of an analyzer. The device comprises two parts: the wireless data acquisition module and the upper computer decode and analyze part. The wireless data acquisition part comprises a main controller, a 2.4GHz wireless radio frequency transceiver 1, a 2.4GHz wireless radio frequency transceiver 2, a USB interface module and a power management module. The upper computer decoding and analyzing part comprises a system setting module, a data processing module and a human-computer interface.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a wireless data acquisition module. The main controller adopts a latest released Cortex-M0 kernel of a microprocessor chip ARM company, and is an existing ARM processor with the minimum energy consumption in the market. The wireless radio frequency receiver adopts a UZ2400 module, the UZ2400 module works in a frequency band of 2.4GHz and has 16 channels, and the radio frequency receiver is a radio frequency module which accords with an IEEE802.15.4 standard protocol. At this time, the Cortex-M0 processor polls the data in the read buffer (FIFO) and the Cortex-M0 processor processes the data message through the UZ2400 radio frequency receiver 1 and the UZ2400 radio frequency receiver 2 respectively controlled by the serial peripheral interface (SPI 0 and SPI 1) buses.
The 2.4GHz wireless radio frequency transceiver 1 and the 2.4GHz wireless radio frequency transceiver 2 are arranged to ensure that the detection of data messages of two channels is carried out simultaneously, and the radio frequency receiving device which works in the frequency band of 2.4GHz and is distributed from 2.405GHz to 2.480GHz and has 16 channels in total is supported. The core of the wireless data acquisition module part of the main controller carries out bus operation through two Serial Peripheral Interfaces (SPI) of a synchronous serial port controller (SSP), and the main controller is used as a host mode, and the wireless radio frequency receiver is used as a slave mode, and respectively controls the wireless radio frequency transceivers 1 and 2 to work. The main controller sets a register of the wireless data module through the bus, and continuously monitors whether the two channels have wireless data messages or not by continuously polling the two wireless radio frequency transceivers.
The main controller converts the serial port into the USB, and communication between the wireless acquisition module and the upper computer is achieved. And the power management module provides power supply for the whole analyzer through a serial port-to-USB interface circuit.
The wireless data message is filtered by a baseband to store the effective data message in a data cache (FIFO) of the wireless radio frequency receiver, and the main controller reads the effective data message in the FIFO through bus operation, identifies the message length of the read message and detects whether the message is a complete data message. And sending the complete message to an upper computer decoding and analyzing part.
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing a decoding analysis part of the upper computer. The upper computer is composed of a data processing module, a system setting module and a human-computer interface, judges received messages, identifies the data messages of which protocol is, decodes and analyzes the data messages of the protocol stack layer by layer to obtain data message information of source addresses, destination addresses, frame types, loads of each layer of the protocol and the like of the data messages of the protocol stack, provides data diagram display, can monitor and analyze the data messages in real time or afterwards, provides detailed data, and provides reliable support for research and application.
Fig. 4 shows a two-channel data detection and protocol analyzer workflow diagram. The channel switching process is described in detail by taking the default two channels as 0x0B and 0x0C, respectively. After the power is on, the main controller Cortex-M0 processor is initialized, and the registers of the wireless radio frequency receivers 1 and 2 are written through a serial peripheral equipment interface (SPI) of the Cortex-M0 processor, so that data acquisition configuration is completed. A polling scan was performed on a sequence list of 16 original channels (shown as hexadecimal values from ch11 (0B) to ch26 (1A), 0B =11,0C =12.. 10= 16.. 19=25,1A = 26) by two wireless radio frequency receivers. When each channel is scanned, when no data message exists in the maximum time value (the monitoring time threshold set by the system) for monitoring each channel data, the channel is automatically switched to the next adjacent channel number 0x0D and 0x0E according to the original channel sequence table 0x0B-0x1A to continue monitoring the air wireless data.
The data message is filtered by a base band of a radio frequency receiver and then sent into a receiving data buffer (RXFIFO), and meanwhile, a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) carries out validity check on the data message. A receiving data buffer (RXFIFO) of each radio frequency receiver comprises two receiving data buffers consisting of 144-byte (RXFIFO _0 and RXFIFO _ 1) for storing upcoming data messages, and when a Cortex-M0 processor reads data in one of the RXFIFOs, the other RXFIFO continues to receive and store the upcoming data messages, so that the data packet loss rate can be effectively reduced. The wireless data detection module automatically adds the received signal strength indication and the link quality indication value to the back of a data message each time the data message is received. The Cortex-M0 processor reads out the data in the receive data buffer (RXFIFO) by constantly polling the read wireless RF transceiver. According to the length value of the message, after the main controller reads a complete data message, a message validity message header (such as 0x66 and 0 xAB) is packaged before the message so as to facilitate the upper computer to recognize and judge the data validity, and then the data validity is uploaded to the upper computer through a serial port to perform decoding analysis of a protocol. The data format transmitted by the controller to the upper computer is as follows:
note: 0x represents hexadecimal; a byte, is a byte, and is composed of 8 bits.
Wherein, the start bit, which indicates the header of the captured packet, occupies 2 bytes, and takes the value of 0x66,0 xAB.
Channel number — the channel number representing the captured data, occupies 1 byte, and has a value range: 0x0B-0x1A (i.e., 11-26 decimal).
PPDU-is a physical layer protocol data unit. Wherein, the frame length is represented by the lower 7 bits of one byte, and the value thereof represents the length of the physical frame load, so that the length of the physical frame load can not exceed 127 bytes; payload, i.e., Payload, is variable in length, and its size is determined by the packet length.
LQI-is a link quality indicator that characterizes the strength and quality of received packets. The LQI occupies 1 byte, and the value range thereof is as follows: 0x00-0 xFF.
RSSI-is a received signal strength indication that is used to determine the quality of the link and whether to increase the broadcast transmission strength. RSSI takes 1 byte.
As shown in FIG. 6, the structure diagram of the decoding analysis of the upper computer of the present invention is composed of three functional modules of data processing, system setting and human-computer interface. The following respectively describes these three functional modules in detail:
the data processing part comprises a data receiving module, a data decoding and analyzing module, a data storage module and a data display module.
The data receiving module receives a data message uploaded by the wireless data acquisition module through a serial port and transmits the data message to the data analysis module; the data analysis module carries out decoding analysis on the detected data packets, wherein the decoding analysis comprises channel numbers, data length, protocol types, link quality indicated values, strength values of signal packets, receiving time stamps and statistics on the number of the detected data packets, and the statistics is sent to the data display module to be displayed in a table form after being analyzed according to the protocol types, so that visual data analysis results are provided. The system setting part comprises a channel configuration module and a data type diagnosis module. The channel configuration module issues commands through the serial port to modify the channel for receiving the data message. Wherein,
the format of the command is as follows:
the control command sequence is sent down in hexadecimal form. For example, if the modification is channel 15 and channel 17, the control commands sent downward are: 0xCA 0x 040 x0F 0x11(0x denotes hexadecimal). The data diagnosis type module provides a filter for the captured data message, judges whether the data message is based on the IEEE802.15.4 protocol or not, and triggers afterwards so that the analyzer can selectively capture data. The data processing part carries out real-time or post-monitoring analysis on the data, and the analysis processing process is discussed in detail below:
the wireless data acquisition module is communicated with the upper computer in a serial port mode. In a data receiving module of the upper computer, a data message is continuously read from a serial port cache through a serial port receiving function Rtn = ReadFile () (an API function in C + +, which starts reading data from a file from a position indicated by a file pointer), and the data message is stored in a buffer area and is submitted to a data processing module for further analysis processing. The serial port data receiving flow is shown in fig. 5. In a Visual C + + environment, data is received from a serial port by creating a UI thread (namely a user interface thread), received original data is transmitted to a main thread through a thread message PostThreadMessage, and then analysis and display are carried out. The thread can be used for processing data and other operations without influencing the detection of the data message.
For example, the captured 6LowPAN data packet is analyzed layer by layer according to the protocol type, and when the data packet is analyzed for each layer, the result of the lower layer analysis is used. In the process of protocol data analysis, when the protocol type cannot be determined, the protocol type set by a user is used as the priority for analysis. The default type of the prior analysis protocol is 6LowPAN and ZigBee, namely the 6LowPAN protocol is preferentially used for analyzing the data frame, and the ZigBee protocol is preferentially used for analyzing the beacon frame and the MAC command frame, so that the compatibility of ZigBee is ensured.
Firstly, the decoding analysis module distinguishes various protocols according to the flag bit of the data message header. The frame type is then determined by the frame type sub-field (3 bit) in the frame control field of the MAC layer header.
The frame type sub-segment values are shown below
Since both isa100.11a and 6LowPAN protocols have only data frame types, whereas both ZigBee and WIA-PA protocols comprise data frames, MAC command frames, beacon frames. Therefore, if the type of the received data packet is an MAC command frame and a beacon frame, the data packet can be a ZigBee or WIA-PA data packet, the set priority protocol type is adopted to carry out byte-by-byte analysis layer by layer at the moment, and if the priority protocol type is ZigBee, the layer-by-layer byte-by-byte analysis is carried out according to ZigBee; and if the WIA-PA is adopted, performing byte-by-byte analysis layer by layer according to the WIA-PA. If the type of the data packet is a data frame, the data packet is analyzed layer by layer byte by byte according to the priority type, so that the extended analysis can be carried out on different protocols WIA-PA and ISA100.11a.
Taking 6LowPAN as an example, the flow chart of packet parsing is shown in fig. 6, and the detailed parsing flow steps are as follows:
(1) the serial port is opened to receive the buffered data, and the received data takes the first byte and the second byte to be compared with the two bytes of 0x66 and 0xAB of the initial bit of the header encapsulation respectively. And if not, discarding the received data. Otherwise, continuing to analyze the data.
(2) And taking out the third byte to obtain a channel number, and judging whether the value of the channel number is between the channel numbers 0x0B-0x1A of the captured data. If the value exceeds the range, the data is discarded, otherwise, the data is continuously analyzed.
(3) The fourth byte is taken out, and the length of the data is expressed by Len, i.e. the number of bytes of the payload part of the physical layer, i.e. the PDU (i.e. the protocol data unit) of the MAC layer (i.e. the MAC layer). And if the length of the data message is 5 or 9-127, continuing to analyze the data packet by referring to IEEE Std 802.15.4-2006. Otherwise, the data is discarded.
(4) The data length Len bytes obtained in (3) are taken out from the fifth byte. The Len byte is the protocol data unit of the medium access control layer. The underlying layer parses the data field by field according to the frame format of IEEE Std 802.15.4-2006.
(a) And extracting the first byte and the second byte of the protocol data unit to obtain the frame control domain information of the medium access control layer. The frame control field bit length of IEEE Std 802.15.4-2006 is 16 bits, including a definition of the frame type, address subfields, and other control flags. Wherein the frame type subfield bit length is 3 bits. Thus the lower 3 bits of the first byte are taken to get the data type. If the low 3bit value is 001 (indicating data frame), the data is analyzed continuously. Otherwise, the data is discarded.
(b) After the information of the frame control field is continuously taken out, the frame serial number, the address information and the frame data unit (taken to the Len-1 byte) of the medium access control layer are then taken out.
(c) In the frame data unit of the medium access control layer, the low 2bit of the first byte is firstly taken out, and then the type of the frame data unit is judged according to the frame type field in the frame control field of the network layer frame format of the 6 LowPAN. If the frame type is not a data frame, the frame data unit of the MAC layer is not analyzed any more, and is directly used as the load of the MAC layer and is not analyzed any more to an upper layer. If the data frame is the data frame, the address information and the frame data unit of the network layer are taken out according to the network layer frame format of 6 LowPAN. In a frame data unit of a network layer, a low 2bit of a1 st byte of the frame data unit is taken out firstly to obtain a frame type of a data frame or a command frame or a confirmation frame; the address information, application layer reader, extension header and application layer frame data units are then fetched.
(d) And taking the Len byte and analyzing the MAC frame tail.
(e) And taking out the last two bytes, and respectively analyzing to obtain LQI and RSSI.
(f) And displaying the analyzed data, and storing the data in a database so as to facilitate subsequent query and analysis.

Claims (2)

1. A two-channel data detection and protocol analyzer based on 6LowPAN comprises a wireless data acquisition module and an upper computer decoding analysis part, and is characterized in that the wireless data acquisition module comprises a main controller, a wireless RF transceiver 1, a wireless RF transceiver 2 and a USB interface module, the upper computer decoding analysis part comprises a system setting module, a data processing module and a man-machine interface, the main controller carries out bus operation through two serial peripheral equipment interfaces of a synchronous serial port controller to respectively control the wireless RF transceiver 1 and the wireless RF transceiver 2, polling scanning is carried out on 16 original channel sequence lists through the two wireless RF transceivers, when each channel is scanned, when no data message still exists in the maximum time value of monitoring each channel data, the data message is automatically switched to the next adjacent channel number according to the original channel sequence list, and for the 6LowPAN data message, then, according to the network layer frame format of 6LowPAN, taking out the address information and the frame data unit of the network layer, firstly taking out the low 2bit of the 1 st byte in the frame data unit of the network layer to obtain the frame type as a data frame, and then taking out the address information, the application layer reader, the expansion head and the application layer frame data unit; storing the effective data message in the data cache of each wireless RF transceiver, encapsulating a message header and a channel number for the data message by the main controller, and uploading the encapsulated message header and channel number to the upper computer; the upper computer decoding analysis part data analysis module analyzes the detected data message layer by layer byte according to the priority type, and sends the data message to the data display module after analyzing according to the protocol type, and the system setting part sends a command to modify a channel for receiving the data message through a serial port.
2. A two-channel data detection and protocol analysis method based on 6LowPAN is characterized in that a main controller of a wireless data acquisition part carries out bus operation through two serial peripheral device interfaces of a synchronous serial port controller to respectively control a wireless RF transceiver 1 and a wireless RF transceiver 2, polling scanning is carried out on 16 original channel sequence lists through the two wireless RF transceivers, when each channel is scanned, when no data message exists in the maximum time value of each channel data, the data message is automatically switched to the next adjacent channel number according to the original channel sequence list, for the 6LowPAN data message, address information and a frame data unit of a network layer are taken out according to the frame format of the 6LowPAN, in the frame data unit of the network layer, the low 2-bit of the 1 byte is taken out firstly to obtain a frame with a data frame type, and then the address information and the protocol are taken out, An application layer reader, an extension header and an application layer frame data unit; storing the effective data message in the data cache of each wireless RF transceiver, encapsulating a message header and a channel number for the data message by the main controller, and uploading the encapsulated message header and channel number to the upper computer; the upper computer decoding analysis part data analysis module performs decoding analysis on the detected data message, the analyzed data message is sent to the data display module after being analyzed according to the protocol type, and the system setting part issues a command through the serial port to modify a channel for receiving the data message.
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