CN102158019B - Magnetization method and magnetization component of permanent magnet motor - Google Patents
Magnetization method and magnetization component of permanent magnet motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN102158019B CN102158019B CN2011101081695A CN201110108169A CN102158019B CN 102158019 B CN102158019 B CN 102158019B CN 2011101081695 A CN2011101081695 A CN 2011101081695A CN 201110108169 A CN201110108169 A CN 201110108169A CN 102158019 B CN102158019 B CN 102158019B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a magnetization method of a permanent magnet motor, which comprises the following steps of: firstly winding a magnetization coil on the surface of an unmagnetized permanent magnet, then placing the unmagnetized permanent magnet where the magnetization coil is wound in a motor rotor or stator, and then assembling the motor rotor or stator of the permanent magnet motor, charging the magnetization coil after assembling, wherein the direction of the magnetic field generated by the coil is the same with the magnetization direction of the unmagnetized permanent magnet, and the unmagnetized permanent magnet is magnetized to a permanent magnet to realize magnetization purpose of the permanent magnet motor. The invention further provides a magnetization component for carrying out the magnetization method. The magnetization method and magnetization component of a permanent magnet motor provided by the invention have the advantages that the problem of difficult assembly of a permanent magnet motor is solved, the re-magnetization purpose of a permanent magnet unbuilt can be realized conveniently, the cost for assembling and maintaining a permanent magnet motor is reduced, and the capacity and volume of the power supply to be magnetized are reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the magneto field, be specifically related to a kind of magneto magnetization method and realize the assembly that magnetizes of this method
Background technology
Magneto is compared with traditional electro-magnetic motor, has characteristics simple in structure, reliable, that loss is little, efficient is high.The permanent magnet system of magneto comprises many to magnetic pole usually, and each magnetic pole is formed by the magnetic field superposition that one or more independently permanent magnets produce, and permanent magnet is made up of monolithic or polylith permanent magnets.The magnetizing direction of different permanent magnets can be the same or different in the same magnetic pole, but the permanent magnets of forming same permanent magnet has identical or approaching identical magnetizing direction.For example among Fig. 1; The permanent magnet system of magneto has four magnetic poles 21,22,23,24 that are positioned on the rotor 10; Be uniformly distributed with along rotor 10 hoops according to putting in order of the N utmost point-S utmost point; Each magnetic pole all mainly by two independently the magnetic field superposition that produces of permanent magnet form; Wherein magnetic pole 21 by permanent magnet 31 and 32, magnetic pole 22 by permanent magnet 32 and 33, magnetic pole 23 by permanent magnet 33 and 34 and magnetic pole 24 form by the magnetic field superposition that permanent magnet 34 and 31 produces, and each permanent magnet is spliced by seven permanent magnets, like permanent magnet 32 by permanent magnets: 41,42,43,44,45,46 and 47 be spliced.The non-magnetic permanent magnet that will also do not magnetized among this paper is called not charging permanent magnet.
Because permanent magnet has very strong magnetic force, thus in the magneto permanent magnet be mounted for a difficult problem.Permanent magnet mainly contains two kinds of mounting meanss in the magneto at present, and first kind is the mode that magnetizes earlier, and promptly first not charging permanent magnet is magnetized to permanent magnet, permanent magnet is installed on the magneto again.Second kind is the mode that magnetizes after the tradition, promptly at first will be not charging permanent magnet be assembled on the magneto, use special magnetizing equipment that the not charging permanent magnet in the magneto is magnetized to permanent magnet then.
More than two kinds of permanent magnet mounting meanss all have deficiency.
For the mode that magnetizes earlier; Because permanent magnet has very strong magnetic force, can cause many-sided problem: the one, the assembling and positioning difficulty is in the assembling between permanent magnet or attract each other or repel each other; Perhaps permanent magnet attracts magnetic conductive part in the magneto, thereby is difficult to permanent magnet is assembled to the precalculated position; The 2nd, collide with easily in the assembling and damage permanent magnet or let its irreversible demagnetization, permanent magnet is difficult to the broken end of permanent magnetism is disposed from permanent magnet and magneto ferromagnetic parts in case damage; The 3rd, assemble often and need make and assemble complicated, cost increase by special tooling device; The 4th, permanent magnet is prone to ferromagnetic material around the absorption, and ferromagnetic material receives permanent magnet and attracts, as goes out as the bullet of thorax, and personal safety is caused serious threat.
The second way---there are many deficiencies equally in the mode that magnetizes after the tradition.At first most of magneto is owing to receive the restrictions such as shielding of the outside high permeability material of structure, volume, weight or permanent magnet, and mode magnetizes after can not using.Even of course, also often can only send in the magnetizing equipment and magnetize, thereby be difficult to accomplish magnetize again after the permanent magnet motor stator and rotor assembling is accomplished being equipped with not the part of charging permanent magnet in the magneto.For example permanent magnet is positioned at epitrochanterian magneto; The mode of magnetizing can only be sent in the magnetizing equipment and magnetizes being equipped with not the rotor of charging permanent magnet after the tradition; Can not the whole motor that assemble be sent in the magnetizing equipment; This be because motor housing can to shield magnetize magnetic field and the coil distance permanent magnet that magnetizes far away, make permanent magnet to be magnetized.There is very strong magnetic force because contain the part of permanent magnet in addition, with containing the permanent magnet part in the magneto and not containing permanent magnet and partly be assembled into and cause the same identical assembling difficult problem of mode that magnetizes earlier together.Secondly because the restriction in permanent magnet motor structure and space; The coil that magnetizes that causes magnetizing equipment is from charging permanent magnet is not far; Thereby be not easy to magnetize charging permanent magnet not saturated; And the magnetic direction that magnetizes that magnetizing equipment produces is difficult to the charging permanent magnet magnetizing direction is not consistent, and this can cause the saturated needs that magnetize of charging permanent magnet are not paid very big cost.The magneto that for example 51 to 58 one-tenth V-types of permanent magnet are placed on the magneto on the permanent magnet machine rotor 60 or radially are placed on the permanent magnet machine rotor 80 like permanent magnet 71 to 76 among Fig. 2 (b) among Fig. 2 (a); Magnetizing equipment can only magnetize in the face of permanent magnet outside rotor; And charging permanent magnet is not distant from magnetizing equipment near an end distance of machine shaft, and this part permanent magnet is difficult for being magnetized saturated, and is saturated for it is magnetized; Just must increase substantially the electric current that magnetizes; So the power requirement height that magnetizes, especially for large-scale magneto, magnetizing, power supply capacity and volume are huge with ten minutes, price is also very high.
When the mode of magnetizing magnetizes after traditional in addition; Need be with magnet charger field axis and permanent magnet motor magnetic pole alignment; For example shown in Figure 3; Four permanent magnetic tiles of four-pole permanent magnet motor 111,112,113,114 are embedded in rotor 90 surfaces, and the symmetry axis 121,122,123,124 in the magnetic field of magnet charger 100 should align with motor permanent magnetism magnetic pole axis 131,132,133,134 respectively.If the inaccurate axis in location squints, can produce big uneven torque and permanent magnet and can only partly be magnetized or do not fill magnetic.
The structure of magneto, permanent magnet modes of emplacement and change of shape are various; For the mode that magnetizes after the tradition; The magneto of different electric machine structures, permanent magnet modes of emplacement and shape needs different magnetizing equipments; Thereby the mode suitability that magnetizes after the tradition is poor, and different magnetizing equipments can not be general, causes very big waste.This has increased the magneto assembly cost greatly.For example to different radii, or the permanent magnet machine rotor of different numbers of poles magnetizes, and just must use the magnetizing equipment of different models, and the magnetizing equipment of different model can not be general.
It is that permanent magnet is under the demagnetizing field effect of excessive temperature or impulse current generation that permanent magnet of permanent magnet motor also has an important problem; And when violent mechanical oscillation, might produce irreversible demagnetization or loss of excitation; Make the magneto decreased performance, even can't use.Magnetizing once more after the demagnetization magnetized once more for the mode that magnetizes earlier and be difficult to be realized.For the mode that magnetizes after the tradition, must be at first equipment be stopped transport, once more magneto to be taken apart, the part that permanent magnet is housed is then put into magnetizing equipment and is magnetized, and assembles after magnetizing again.For example behind the permanent-magnetic wind driven generator permanent magnet loss of excitation, at first must blower fan be stopped transport, then it broken from electrical network, the blower fan leaf of dismantling slurry; Then whole blower fan is disassembled from tens meters high fan supporters, transport factory again back, fan rotor is removed from stator; Send in the magnetizing equipment and magnetize, magnetize finish after, again motor is assembled; Send wind power plant back to, be installed to once more on the support of blower fan, this is that ten minutes is consuming time, effort and the high process of cost.Thereby the method that can avoid being convenient to magnetize once more behind permanent magnet loss of excitation and the loss of excitation has important practical significance.
Some situation of magneto need be demagnetized permanent magnetism; Often the minitype permanent magnetism motor is directly put into the heating furnace heating in the present technology and make the permanent magnet demagnetization; The insulation of the easy destruction equipment of demagnetization also causes the permanent magnet surfaces oxidation easily like this, and is also impracticable for this method of large-scale magneto.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of magneto magnetization method, the permanent magnet that has solved magneto is difficult to assembling, the problem that could magnetize once more after need magneto being dismantled fully behind the permanent magnet of permanent magnet motor loss of excitation.
Another object of the present invention provides the assembly that magnetizes of above-mentioned magnetization method.
A kind of magneto magnetization method; Be specially: at first on magnetizing permanent magnetism surface, twine the coil that magnetizes, and then the not charging permanent magnet that will be wound with the coil that magnetizes is installed on rotor or the stator, then the permanent magnet motor stator rotor assembled; Assembled the back to the coil charges that magnetizes; Coil produces, and the magnetic direction that magnetizes is identical with the magnetizing direction of charging permanent magnet not, and charging permanent magnet is not geomagnetic into permanent magnet, the magnetizing of realization magneto.
Further, magnetize accomplish after, the coil that magnetizes is retained on the permanent magnet and with its short circuit.
Realize the assembly that magnetizes of said magnetization method; Comprise not charging permanent magnet and be wrapped in the not lip-deep coil that magnetizes of charging permanent magnet; Not charging permanent magnet by one or more not the magnetizing permanent magnetism piece form, coil charges produces, and the magnetic field of magnetizing is identical with the magnetizing direction of charging permanent magnet not.
Further, the said circle that magnetizes directly is wrapped in not on the charging permanent magnet or the coil that magnetizes is prefabricated into earlier to refill behind the assembly and is set to not on the charging permanent magnet.
Technique effect of the present invention is embodied in:
1, magnetization method can solve the assembly problem of permanent magnet of permanent magnet motor to greatest extent among the present invention.For there being permanent magnet to be positioned at the magneto on the motor internal moving component; Refer to that mainly permanent magnet is positioned at the motor on the internal rotor; Its installation procedure is seen Fig. 4 (a); The mode that magnetizes after the tradition, the present invention can be magnetized after permanent magnet motor stator and rotor installs again, can avoid permanent magnet motor stator and rotor assembling difficulty like this; When permanent magnet only is positioned on the motor stationary parts or is positioned on the motor external movement parts; Comprise that mainly permanent magnet is positioned at the situation on motor stator or the external rotor; The magneto assembling is simpler; Its installation procedure is seen Fig. 4 (b), can be after magneto assemble completion fully, and giving not again, charging permanent magnet magnetizes.
2, magnetization method is compared with the tradition mode of magnetizing among the present invention, and the power requirement that magnetizes reduces significantly, and can cooperate power supply flexibly.This is because the coil that magnetizes is wrapped in not magnetizing permanent magnetism surface; And the coil that magnetizes produces magnetize magnetic direction and permanent magnet magnetizing direction basically identical; In addition can also utilize the low reluctance magnetic circuit that designs for permanent magnet in the magneto; Power requirement is reduced significantly, and the demand of the power supply of realizing magnetizing minimizes, and making magnetizes to large-scale magneto integral body becomes possibility.In addition if magneto can adopt the mode that magnetizes of segmentation; Can make the further miniaturization of the power supply that magnetizes; Required power supply capacity can drop to minimum; Thereby can realize that the working site is that magneto magnetizes, needn't be for it magnetize in factory building, the potential safety hazard of so also having avoided the transportation vibration to cause permanent magnet loss of excitation and strong magnetic force to bring.The assembly that respectively magnetizes can change series-parallel system flexibly according to the situation of power supply, for example when power supply is angle low-voltage and high-current form, can adopt parallel form, and can adopt the series connection form during the less electric current of high voltage.
(3) the present invention has extensive applicability.Twine the coil that magnetizes according to magnetizing permanent magnetism shape not on its surface among the present invention; The magnetic direction that the coil that magnetizes is produced is consistent with the permanent magnet magnetizing direction; This and electric machine structure size, permanent magnet modes of emplacement have nothing to do, so can adapt to permanent magnet motor structure size and permanent magnet modes of emplacement and shape variation.
(4) do not need the location between permanent magnet of the present invention and magnetizing equipment.For the mode that magnetizes after traditional, need accurately location between permanent magnet and magnetizing equipment.If the location is inaccurate, then can cause permanent magnetism magnetize deficiency or deviation in driction, the uneven torque of generation.There is not orientation problem in the present invention, as long as can guarantee the installation accuracy of assembly that magnetizes, just can guarantee the positional precision of magnetic pole automatically.
(5) the present invention does not increase the weight and the volume of magneto.This be because the magnetic circuit that magnetic field is walked that coil produced of magnetizing during with the permanent magnet operate as normal work magnetic circuit of permanent magnet be consistent; In the Design of PM Motor magnetic of fully using permanent magnet; All make the magnetic resistance of work magnetic circuit of permanent magnet as far as possible little; Thereby the coil that magnetizes can make full use of the minimum reluctance magnetic circuit that magneto provides, thereby reduces the required power supply capacity that magnetizes.This coil is not positioned on the magneto work main magnetic circuit in addition, thereby little to the influence of magneto work magnetic circuit.The minimizing of energy of magnetizing reduces the winding wire consumption, in addition if it is electrical sheet that coil takes up space former, considered space factor of winding after, the density of coil is less than the density of electrical sheet, so do not increase weight of equipment and volume.
(6) the present invention changes very little to existing magneto.Existing magneto just can adopt the present invention through too small modification, and the required main change of magneto is to increase the shared space of coil.This need take up space coil to process in the lump in processing and get final product.
(7) the present invention reduces magnetize coil and electric machine structure requirement of strength.Traditional mode that magnetizes is needed the very large electric current that magnetizes, thereby very strong electromagnetic force is arranged, destructible magnetizing equipment and magneto mechanical structure, thereby high to magnetizing equipment and magneto requirement of mechanical strength.The required electric current that magnetizes that magnetizes among the present invention significantly reduces, and is little to the mechanical structure influence of magneto itself.The coil that magnetizes among the present invention in addition is placed in the equipment, can utilize the supporting structure of magneto, and the electrical sheet that for example utilizes motor stator or rotor has limited coil stress and distortion like this as supporting structure, thereby reduces or remove from coil ruggedized construction.
(8) can weaken the demagnetizing field that causes by fault current among the present invention, avoid the permanent magnet loss of excitation.The coil that will magnetize after the present invention is magnetized and finished keeps and short circuit, and according to Lenz's law, closing coil has the ability of opposing flux change.When magneto breaks down, can produce very big fault current, and then produce big demagnetizing field, if do not take measures, permanent magnet will loss of excitation.And adopt the mode of short circuit coil can respond to the demagnetizing effect of a rightabout field weakening external magnetic field to permanent magnet, effectively protect permanent magnet to avoid loss of excitation.The assembly short circuit that magnetizes can be distinguished after short circuit or the connection in series-parallel at short circuit.
(9) after loss of excitation is convenient in the present invention, the magnetizing once more of permanent magnet of permanent magnet motor.Magnetizing for tradition that magneto behind the mode loss of excitation need magnetize once more is a time and effort consuming and process with high costs, and magneto can utilize the assembly coil that is wrapped on the permanent magnet to magnetize for permanent magnet once more among the present invention.Be positioned at magneto on the internal rotor end cap of only need dismantling for permanent magnet, the power supply that will magnetize is received on the assembly coil and is magnetized once more to permanent magnet.Can avoid like this stator and the rotor of motor are taken apart fully, thereby practice thrift great amount of time and manpower and materials, effectively reduce cost.Be positioned at the situation on stator or the external rotor for permanent magnet, needn't dismantle motor, the power supply that only needs to magnetize is received the permanent magnet of giving loss of excitation on the coil that magnetizes and is magnetized once more and get final product.
(10) demagnetization of magneto permanent magnet is convenient in the present invention.When permanent magnet of permanent magnet motor need demagnetize, the present invention only needed in the coil that magnetizes, to feed the alternation decay current and realizes the permanent magnet demagnetization, can not destroy motor windings insulation and permanent magnet surfaces antioxidation coating like this.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a magneto permanent magnet system key diagram.
Fig. 2 is the permanent magnet modes of emplacement generalized section of part magneto, and 2 (a) place on the rotor for the permanent magnet V-type, and 2 (b) radially place on the rotor for permanent magnet
Fig. 3 is permanent magnet motor magnetic pole direction and the magnetizing equipment magnetic direction sketch map that aligns that magnetizes.
Fig. 4 is the assemble flow sketch map of magneto of the present invention; 4 (a) have permanent magnet to be positioned at the magneto assembly flow charts on the motor internal moving component, and 4 (b) are that permanent magnet only is positioned at the magneto assembly flow charts on motor stationary parts or the motor external movement parts.
Fig. 5 is the present invention's coil block example schematic that magnetizes, permanent magnet machine rotor 1/8th figures of 5 (a) for the assembly that magnetizes has been installed, and 5 (b) are for magnetizing the assembly sketch map, and 6 (c) are the assembly decomposing schematic representation that magnetizes.
Fig. 6 is positioned at the example schematic that motor passes the magneto assembling process on the son for permanent magnet of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is positioned at the example schematic of the magneto assembling process on the motor outer rotor for permanent magnet of the present invention.
Fig. 8 permanent magnet field loss protection of the present invention method sketch map.
Embodiment
Below be embodiment of the present invention, these embodiment do further explanation to technical characterictic of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.
First embodiment is about the making and the formation of the assembly that magnetizes.
The assembly that magnetizes mainly comprises not charging permanent magnet and coil two parts, and wherein charging permanent magnet is not processed into required form by magnetizing permanent magnetism piece not, and Fig. 5 (a) has showed the situation that the assembly 141,142 that magnetizes has been installed on the permanent magnet machine rotor 170; Fig. 5 (b) has showed that a kind of not charging permanent magnet 150 and the coil 160 that magnetizes are assembled into the method for the assembly that magnetizes, and its method is directly coil 160 covers to be installed to not on the charging permanent magnet 150.
Fig. 5 (c) shows that the assembly 142 that magnetizes is by charging permanent magnet 150 and coil 160 do not constitute; Wherein cuboid not charging permanent magnet 150 by 6 not magnetizing permanent magnetism piece 151 to 156 be bonded to, coil 160 is to be formed by the lead coiling according to the physical dimension of charging permanent magnet 150 not.
Second embodiment
Fig. 6 is an example with the magneto that permanent magnet is positioned on the internal rotor; Explained when permanent magnet is positioned on the motor internal moving component among the present invention; The method that wherein a kind of magneto is installed and magnetized, its install with magnetization method be that the assembly 201 to 206 that at first will magnetize is respectively installed in permanent magnet machine rotor 210 respective grooves of installation component not, assemble and obtain complete rotor 220; Then permanent magnet motor stator 230 and rotor 220 are assembled; And using bearing 250 support rotor 220, the coil that magnetizes of the assembly 201 to 206 that magnetizes then inserts the power supply 240 that magnetizes through the series connection back, the power supply discharge; The coil that magnetizes produces the magnetic field of magnetizing, and realizes that charging permanent magnet is not magnetized to permanent magnet.The coil short circuit and end cap 260 assembled accomplish magnetizing and assembling of whole motor 270 of assembly 201 to 206 at last will magnetize.
The 3rd embodiment
Fig. 7 is an example with the magneto that permanent magnet is positioned on the external rotor; Explained when permanent magnet is positioned on the motor external movement parts among the present invention; The method that wherein a kind of magneto is installed and magnetized, its install with magnetization method be that the assembly 300 to 309 that at first will respectively magnetize is installed in magneto external rotor 310 respective grooves of installation component not, assemble and obtain complete external rotor 320; Then end cap 340, permanent magnet motor stator 330 and external rotor 320 are assembled into together; Thereby accomplish the assembling of whole motor 350, the coil that magnetizes of the assembly 300 to 309 that will magnetize then inserts the power supply 360 that magnetizes through the series connection back, the power supply discharge; The coil that magnetizes produces the magnetic field of magnetizing, and realizes that charging permanent magnet is not magnetized to permanent magnet.The coil short circuit of assembly 300 to 309 at last will magnetize.
The 4th embodiment
Fig. 8 is an example with the internal rotor permanent-magnetic motor; The anti-loss of excitation method of the assembly that magnetizes has been described; Its method is that the coil that magnetizes of magnetize assembly 401,402,403,404,405 and 406 that finish magnetizing uses lead 411,412,413,414,415 and 416 short circuits respectively, can prevent permanent magnet because the demagnetizing effect that demagnetizing field causes through the coil of short circuit.
Claims (4)
1. magneto magnetization method; Be specially: at first on magnetizing permanent magnetism surface, twine the coil that magnetizes, and then the not charging permanent magnet that will be wound with the coil that magnetizes is installed on rotor or the stator, then the permanent magnet motor stator rotor assembled; Assembled the back to the coil charges that magnetizes; Coil produces, and the magnetic direction that magnetizes is identical with the magnetizing direction of charging permanent magnet not, and charging permanent magnet is not geomagnetic into permanent magnet, the magnetizing of realization magneto; Magnetize after the completion, the coil that magnetizes is retained on the permanent magnet.
2. magnetization method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, after the completion of magnetizing, with the coil short circuit that magnetizes that is retained on the permanent magnet.
3. realize the assembly that magnetizes of claim 1 or 2 said magnetization methods; Comprise not charging permanent magnet and be wrapped in the not lip-deep coil that magnetizes of charging permanent magnet; Not charging permanent magnet by one or more not the magnetizing permanent magnetism piece form, coil charges produces, and the magnetic field of magnetizing is identical with the magnetizing direction of charging permanent magnet not.
4. the assembly that magnetizes according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the said coil that magnetizes directly is wrapped in not on the charging permanent magnet or the coil that magnetizes is prefabricated into earlier to refill behind the assembly and is set to not on the charging permanent magnet.
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| CN2011101081695A CN102158019B (en) | 2011-04-27 | 2011-04-27 | Magnetization method and magnetization component of permanent magnet motor |
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| CN2011101081695A CN102158019B (en) | 2011-04-27 | 2011-04-27 | Magnetization method and magnetization component of permanent magnet motor |
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| CN102158019B true CN102158019B (en) | 2012-11-07 |
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| CN102931742A (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2013-02-13 | 无锡先锋电机有限公司 | Permanent magnet motor capable of being overall magnetized |
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| CN106992055A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-07-28 | 远景能源（江苏）有限公司 | The stator and pole combination structure of permanent magnet direct-drive generator are used for the method magnetized |
| CN110870166B (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2021-11-23 | 远景能源有限公司 | System suitable for operating a generator |
| CN112185647B (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2021-12-31 | 华中科技大学 | Device and method for generating periodic background magnetic field |
| CN111509917B (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2021-06-18 | 江苏大学 | Magnetizing and demagnetizing control device and method for permanent magnet synchronous motor |
| CN114498970B (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2023-12-01 | 北京交通大学 | Magnetizing structure and method for superconducting synchronous motor |
| CN116130203B (en) * | 2023-03-14 | 2023-11-28 | 华中科技大学 | In-situ integral magnetizing and demagnetizing method for permanent magnet motor |
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