CN102157792B - Electric control radiation pattern reconfigurable antenna - Google Patents
Electric control radiation pattern reconfigurable antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN102157792B CN102157792B CN201110037156.3A CN201110037156A CN102157792B CN 102157792 B CN102157792 B CN 102157792B CN 201110037156 A CN201110037156 A CN 201110037156A CN 102157792 B CN102157792 B CN 102157792B
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000012237 artificial material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000411 transmission spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 9
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000985 reflectance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
An electric control radiation directional diagram reconfigurable antenna, (1) selecting the working frequency f of the antenna; (2) and determining the arrangement period of the artificial structure material units in three directions, the integral structure of the antenna, the metal structure of the units and the substrate material. Including the geometric parameters of the substrate material and the metal structure. (3) A variable capacitance diode is added at the opening of the metal structure; (4) calculating transmission spectrum S of unit by using electromagnetic simulation software21Phase, continuously changing capacitance of varactor diode, recording phase of corresponding scattering parameter, and drawing phase
-a capacitance C curve; (5) the artificial materials are periodically arranged along the horizontal plane, the artificial structural materials are divided into N areas with equal intervals, the structural size of each area is equal, the number of the contained units is also equal, and the reconfiguration of an antenna directional diagram can be completed only by controlling the voltage value loaded on the variable capacitance diode on the unused area. The invention relates to a broadband controllable antenna, which can realize the deflection of the main lobe of an antenna radiation pattern by +/-40 degrees.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for designing of Novel radiation directional diagram reconstructable aerial, specifically a kind of applied voltage regulates the new antenna of radiation pattern.
Background technology
This in century the first decade, the ability that artificial artificial structural material (Metamaterials) is controlled electromagnetic wave uniqueness with it causes that scientists more and more pays close attention to.Such as characteristics such as the negative permittivity of artificial structure's material and negative magnetoconductivities, make it at negative refractive rate lens, high directivity antenna, the stealthy aspect of super lens and microwave electromagnetic has very tempting application prospect.Since British scientist J.B.Pendry proposes respectively the split ring of broken string and periodic arrangement periodically from 1996 and 1999, can realize the theory of negative permittivity and negative magnetoconductivity and foretell, start the research boom of various countries to artificial material.But the smaller bandwidth of this artificial material, has seriously limited the application of artificial material.Therefore, people urgently wish do not changing on the basis of artificial material cellular construction, can be by the extraneous means electromagnetic property of ACTIVE CONTROL artificial structure material in real time.So the research of controlled artificial structure's material is arisen at the historic moment.It is reported, the method that realizes now controlled artificial structure's material has the methods such as the variable capacitance diode of loading, semiconductor temperature-control, ferroelectric and the control of ferromagnetic material field and mems switch.Therefore in pertinent literature, phase-shifter, controllable filter and steerable antenna are all developed greatly.In existing several controllable method, electric-control method be study the most maturation be also a kind of controllable method that is considered to have most development potentiality.2006, Zhejiang University had research group to utilize antiparallel S ring artificial material to be extended on steerable antenna, but this antenna is that for single capacitance, its passband only has 300MHz based on S ring negative refractive index.Therefore, be only operated in single-frequency point f=0.9GHz.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: for the narrow problem of existing negative index artificial material application bandwidth, a kind of electric control radiation directional diagram reconfigurable antenna is proposed, can within the bandwidth range quite wide lower than resonance frequency, work, be a kind of steerable antenna of broadband, can realize radiation pattern main lobe ± 40 degree deflection.
Technical solution of the present invention: a kind of electric control radiation directional diagram reconfigurable antenna, step is as follows:
(1) select the operating frequency f of antenna;
(2) determine the whole cellular construction size of artificial structure's material, with and metal structure (selecting " work " font metal structure of central opening here) and the base material of component units.The geometric parameter that comprises " work " font structure of base material (dielectric constant r, magnetic permeability), opening;
(3) at the central opening place of " work " font metal structure, add variable capacitance diode, then in the direction of propagation, stack 10 layer materials, utilize seeing through of Electromagnetic Simulation software computing unit to compose (S
21) and extract S
21position phase, continuously change the capacitance of variable capacitance diode, the corresponding spectrum position phase that sees through of record, draws a position phase
-capacitor C curve;
(4) along three mutually perpendicular directions (level, vertical, front and back) periodic arrangement " work " font artificial material, can obtain antenna model.The vertical direction unit number of arranging is M (M > 4), and horizontal direction is arranged into N region (N > 10), and each region comprises that unit number is P (P >=1).The number of plies that front and back stack is 10 layers.All cellular constructions are identical;
(5) according to the step 3 emulation phase that must put in place
-capacitor C curve, (phasic difference is the position phase of N linear gradient of setting
) and corresponding electric capacity.In N region, in zones of different, load different reversed bias voltage values.Because the capacitance of variable capacitance diode is relevant with additional reversed bias voltage.So corresponding different capacitance of different magnitudes of voltage is selected in different regions.Finally guarantee the position phase linear gradient of horizontal plane N region exit facet;
(6) make above-mentioned antenna, loading capacitance, wire applied voltage source.The antenna of making is placed on the Antenna aperture that produces similar plane wave.By controlling the magnitude of voltage of zones of different, can reconstruct antenna pattern.
In described step (1), selected operating frequency of antenna is in microwave band.
Artificial structure's material of described step (2) is in the period p of arranging of X, Y, tri-directions of Z
x, p
y, p
zall, in sub-wavelength magnitude, be less than 1/10th of antenna wavelength.
In described step (2), metal is aluminium or copper.
Base material in described step (2) is for having nonmagnetic various microwave dielectric material, and its dielectric constant is between 2-10, and magnetic permeability is 1.
Variable capacitance diode in described step (3) is selected common microwave device in market.Because different variable capacitance diodes have different parameters, so concrete model can be according to the operating frequency of antenna and needed capacitance, magnitude of voltage is determined.
Electromagnetic Simulation software in described step (3) can be selected ansoft HFSS or CST software.
Described step (3) is extracted and is seen through spectrum S
21position mutually can be by the S in the scattering parameter of computing unit
21obtain.Specifically be calculated as: first build up artificial structure's material cell simulation model, periodic boundary condition is set.In former and later two directions of incident wave, port1 is set and port2. calculates by Finite Element, can obtains scattering parameter (comprise reflectance spectrum amplitude and a position phase, see through amplitude and a position phase for spectrum).Here only need to see through the phase information of spectrum.
Described step (3) is drawn position phase
-capacitor C curve is in other parameter of unit all under immovable prerequisite, and the parameter scanning function by simulation software continuously changes capacitance, so can obtain a series of position phase.
Described step (4) antenna model is rectangle block material.Cuboid length is respectively p
x* N*P, p
y* M, 10*p
z.The zones of different of dividing is a kind of man-made division, and outside institute's making alive difference, other structures are identical.
Reversed bias voltage in described step (5) is to determine mutually according to N position of the linear gradient of variable easy voltage V-capacitance characteristic and setting.Concrete operating procedure is: determine a phase 1..2. according to position phase
-capacitor C curve, determines required capacitance.3. again according to the voltage V-capacitor C Curve selection bias voltage of variable capacitor.
In described step (5), produce similar plane wave antenna and comprise horn antenna or Waveguide slot antenna.Its bore should be consistent with artificial material actinal surface.Feed mouth is the waveguide of standard.Its size is relevant with the frequency of work, can find by relevant Microwave Data.
The present invention's advantage is compared with prior art:
(1) antenna of the present invention can be worked in broad frequency range, and work relative bandwidth can reach 20%.Therefore be a kind of steerable antenna of broadband.By changing the phasic difference of zones of different exit facet, can reach ± 40 degree of reconfigurable antenna pattern.
(2) the present invention has adopted that " " type artificial structure's material also adds variable capacitance diode at metal structure central closing to work, and when impressed DC voltage, metal own can be used as wire, the impact while greatly reducing additional wire, material electromagnetic property being produced.
(3) steerable antenna operating frequency of the present invention is away from resonance frequency, and the loss of material is low, and the gain of antenna is relatively high.
(4) what antenna of the present invention adopted is voltage-controlled method, only needs to control without magnitude of voltage on variable capacitance diode on region, can complete the control to aerial radiation direction, and antenna scanning speed is fast.Secondly antenna structure is also simpler, and cost is low.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is realization flow figure of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is cellular construction schematic diagram of the present invention, and white portion is metal, and remainder is base material; Fig. 2 be the present invention when frequency is 15GHz, on the direction of propagation, stack after 10 layer materials, institute's loading capacitance value is modulated graph of a relation mutually to the position of exit facet;
Fig. 3 is that the present invention divides each area schematic of N on antenna H face; Zones of different adds electric capacity difference, and it is identical that the institute in the same area adds electric capacity, and the added electric capacity of zones of different meets the position phase linear gradient on its exit facet;
Fig. 4 is antenna stereogram of the present invention, and it is formed along three different directions periodic arrangement respectively by H type unit.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the implementation procedure of the embodiment of the present invention 1 is as follows:
(1) choosing operating frequency is 15GHz, and corresponding wavelength is 20mm.
(2) determine " work " font artificial structure material cell p
x=p
y=p
z=2mm.Equal 1/10th of wavelength.
(3) metal material of choosing is copper, base material be FR-4. (
r=4.9,
r=1), metal structure parameter is as Fig. 2, and each parameter is l=2mm, w=0.2mm, a=1.8mm, g=0.3mm, thickness d=0.25mm of FR-4, the thick t=0.051mm of copper.
(4) in operating frequency, be 15GHz, the variable capacitance diode model of selecting is here BB910.When on-load voltage is 0.5V, electric capacity is 38p.When on-load voltage is 8V, capacitance is 2.3p.Its capacitance diminishes greatly with alive change.(5) select CST software to carry out the position phase that simulation calculation stacks 10 layers of unit
-capacitor C curve, obtains curve as Fig. 3.
(6) vertical direction unit number being set is 5, and horizontal direction is divided into 20 regions, and each region comprises 2 unit, and front and back stack 10 layer materials.
(7) linear gradient is set and obtains phasic difference
according to Fig. 3, determine corresponding capacitance.Again all unit are added to reversed bias voltage.The numerical value of reversed bias voltage is determined according to the characteristic of variable capacitance diode.
(8) choosing the wave source antenna that produces plane wave is here waveguide array.Waveguide dimensions is 15.8mm * 7.9mm, and length is 20mm, and waveguide wall thickness is 1mm.In order to make waveguide array actinal surface consistent with the size (80mm * 8.5mm * 20mm) due to antenna.Arrange in the horizontal direction 5 waveguides.When changing the added voltage of zones of different, while really making linear gradient phasic difference change, can obtain reconfigurable directional diagram.
(1) choosing operating frequency is 1.5GHz, and corresponding wavelength is 200mm.
(2) determine " work " font artificial structure material cell p
x=p
y=p
z=20mm, equals 1/10th of wavelength.
(3) metal material of choosing is copper, base material be Rogers RT/duroid 5880. (
r=2.2,
r=1), metal structure parameter is as Fig. 2, and each parameter is l=20mm, w=0.5mm, a=19mm, g=4mm, the thickness d=0.5mm of base material, the thick t=0.051mm of copper.
(4) operating frequency is 1.5GHz, and the variable capacitance diode model of selection is BB134.When on-load voltage is 0.5V, electric capacity is 27.5p.When on-load voltage is 10V, capacitance is 1.7p.Its capacitance diminishes greatly with alive change.
(5) select CST software to carry out the position phase that simulation calculation stacks 10 layers of unit
-capacitor C curve.
(6) same, it is 5 that vertical direction unit number is set, and horizontal direction is divided into 20 regions, and each region comprises 2 unit, and front and back stack 10 layer materials.
(7) linear gradient is set and obtains phasic difference
according to Fig. 3, determine corresponding capacitance.Again all unit are added to reversed bias voltage.The numerical value of reversed bias voltage is determined according to the characteristic of variable capacitance diode.
(8) choosing the wave source antenna that produces plane wave is here horn antenna.Waveguide dimensions is 15.8mm * 7.9mm, and length is 20mm, and waveguide wall thickness is 1mm, and loudspeaker exit facet bore is 800mm * 100.Horn length is 400mm.When changing the added voltage of zones of different, while really making linear gradient phasic difference change, can obtain reconfigurable directional diagram.
Claims (10)
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110037156.3A CN102157792B (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2011-02-14 | Electric control radiation pattern reconfigurable antenna |
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| CN102157792B true CN102157792B (en) | 2014-03-26 |
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| CN102832450B (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2015-02-25 | 上海大学 | Novel dual-frequency and polarization reconfigurable antenna |
| CN102882001B (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2015-02-18 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Antenna housing for realizing antenna beam width switching by utilizing artificial structural material |
| CN103153035B (en) * | 2013-04-09 | 2015-09-16 | 东南大学 | The microwave absorber of frequency-adjustable |
| CN103474775B (en) * | 2013-09-06 | 2015-03-11 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Phased array antenna based on dynamic regulation and control artificial electromagnetic structure material |
| CN103840263B (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2016-02-10 | 东南大学 | The anisotropy zero refractive index device that switch is controlled |
| CN105337033B (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2017-11-17 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of reflecting antenna of terahertz wave band based on artificial micro-structure binding crystal pipe |
| CN106941213B (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2021-10-15 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Scanning antenna |
| CN107404004A (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2017-11-28 | 深圳超级数据链技术有限公司 | Meta Materials, antenna reflective face, the control method of Meta Materials and device |
| CN107404001A (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2017-11-28 | 深圳超级数据链技术有限公司 | Meta Materials, antenna reflective face, the control method of Meta Materials and device |
| CN107591626A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-01-16 | 青岛理工大学 | Beam forming antenna based on PIN diode super surface structure control |
| CN107946781A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-04-20 | 浙江大学 | A kind of restructural artificial surface antenna with three degree of freedom |
| CN110556626B (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2021-02-09 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Broadband reconfigurable reflective array antenna |
| CN113206386B (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2022-05-31 | 华中科技大学 | Millimeter-wave smart metasurface unit and millimeter-wave smart metasurface |
| CN114498055A (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2022-05-13 | 东南大学 | A 1-Bit Millimeter-Wave Electronically Controlled Programmable Metasurface |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101777703A (en) * | 2009-12-25 | 2010-07-14 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | A High Gain and High Power Antenna Based on Low Refractive Index Material |
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| JP2002016442A (en) * | 2000-06-30 | 2002-01-18 | Toshiba Corp | Fm signal oscillation circuit and modulation level correcting method |
| US8674792B2 (en) * | 2008-02-07 | 2014-03-18 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Tunable metamaterials |
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| CN101777703A (en) * | 2009-12-25 | 2010-07-14 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | A High Gain and High Power Antenna Based on Low Refractive Index Material |
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