CN102156980A - Method for evaluating influence of data compression on positioning accuracy of remote sensing image - Google Patents
Method for evaluating influence of data compression on positioning accuracy of remote sensing image Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for evaluating influence of data compression on the positioning accuracy of a remote sensing image. The method comprises the following steps of: compressing the remote sensing image by standard image compression of a joint photographic experts group (JPEG); carrying out subjective qualitative evaluation and objective quantitative evaluation on the quality of the compressed remote sensing image; and evaluating the influence of the data compression on the measuring accuracy of the remote sensing image by using a method for error statistics through a least squares matching method. A reference standard is provided for design of a more optimized compression algorithm and selection of a more proper compression ratio.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to digital signal processing and digital image processing field, relate to the technical field that field of data compression is estimated the remote sensing image bearing accuracy.
Background technology
Along with the development of remote-sensing flatform and remote sensor imaging technique, obtaining of remote sensing image is more and more convenient, has become one of 21 century important information source of obtaining of geospatial information data gradually.General pattern only is to a kind of similarity imitation of objective object or describes, be a kind of not exclusively, out of true but suitable in some sense expression, be that height to represented objective object information concentrates and summarizes.Normal image is as " Picture ", only need satisfy visual demand, and remote sensing image is except own conduct " Picture ", also comprise " Data ", it is the measurement result of spectral characteristic in spatial dimension of space object, is the information carrier of remote sensing target, is that the remote Sensing Interpretation personnel obtain the carrier that thematic information is learned on ground such as epigeosphere resource, environment, compare with general pattern, remote sensing image has following characteristic:
1. as the important component part of geospatial information, have location, qualitative, relationship characteristic and temporal characteristics;
2. as the measurement result of spectral characteristic in spatial dimension of space object, has visual signature, but, must just can think under the certain hour condition complete description in conjunction with a plurality of images of the same target area that obtains simultaneously to environment from observation angle;
3. have the multiband characteristic, and different detection instrument is also different at the terrestrial object information that different-waveband reflected;
4. having lasting dynamic and multiple dimensioned property, is a kind of multiple dimensioned, complicated temporal data of becoming time granularity;
5. texture structure is abundant, the feature structure complexity;
6. do not possess tangible theme feature information, information content complexity, and because the spatial resolution of sensor and the limitation of spectral resolution cause image existence ambiguity and polysemy to a certain degree;
7. data volume is huge, and the data volume of single image just can be up to the GB level;
At present, remote sensing technology has been penetrated into the every field of the national defence and the development of the national economy, at military surveillance, target monitoring, aspects such as strike effect assessment, crop growth monitoring, grain the yield by estimation, land use survey, face of land resource investigation, disaster surveillance, geological mapping, petroleum prospecting, topographic mapping all have extremely important using value.A large amount of remote sensing satellites has obtained the remote sensing image data of magnanimity both at home and abroad, has produced the problem of the storage of remote sensing image data thus, and data compression technique is a kind of method of effective solution data storage.Remote sensing image is based on the actual observation image, and the using value of image remote sensing image itself is not answered in data compression, so significant to the image that influences the remote sensing image bearing accuracy of research evaluation remote sensing image data compression.
At the satellite predevelopment phase, need the key technical indexes of the common analysis in satellite user and satellite development side, research, clear and definite satellite, one of them important indicator is exactly the data transmission ratio of compression.The difference of the image distortion size that the ratio of compression difference is brought is related to the application power and the range of application of satellite remote-sensing image data in the future.
Compression of images is to utilize the redundancy of image information, utilizes method for processing signals to reduce required storage space, in needs with its decompress(ion).Compression of images is divided into lossy compression method and lossless compress, and the image after the lossy compression method can not obtain complete image information when decompress(ion), produces image distortion to a certain degree; The lossless compress image can access complete image information when decompress(ion).Usually, the ratio of compression of lossy compression method is much higher than lossless compress.Compression of images can reduce required storage space on the one hand, is exactly to solve big data volume to the disadvantageous problem of information transmission on the other hand.The satellite transmits remote sensing image need be finished in the regular hour window, the magnitude relationship of data volume to real-time remote sensing image data can be in time window end of transmission, littler data volume can also reduce the loss of transmission of power simultaneously.Ratio of compression is high more, help transmission more, but information distortion is big more.Remote sensing image has that important use is worth and very high cost, and the Compression Strategies that remote sensing satellite adopts when the transmission remote sensing image should make compression enough that image keeps the using value of remote sensing image.Therefore, the data compression of research how to evaluate has significant values to the remote sensing image location precision.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the method for a kind of quantitative evaluation data compression to the remote sensing image location precision, bearing accuracy with the remote sensing image after the compressing data is estimated, and provides objective and accurate normative reference for selecting optimum data compression method and compression parameters.
A kind of evaluating data compression is to the method for remote sensing image location precision, and wherein, concrete steps are as follows:
1), carries out system initialization; Afterwards, enter step 2);
2), obtain original remote sensing image data, the data of obtaining are put into the system data storage area of appointment; Afterwards, enter step 3);
3), the original remote sensing image data in the reading system data storage areas, use the JPEG compression method, compress setting under the ratio of compression, the remote sensing image data after the compression is put into the system data storage area of appointment; Afterwards, enter step 4);
4), the remote sensing image data after the original remote sensing image in the reading system data storage areas and the corresponding compression thereof, image is right as a comparison the image after raw video and the compression, carries out the least square coupling, computation of match errors, statistical error distribution results;
1. from the angle of human eye vision the remote sensing image after compressing is estimated, in this step, can allow a plurality of observers according to some opinion scales of stipulating in advance or the experience of oneself, distortion degree to image is carried out subjective visual evaluation, the mark that all observers are provided is weighted on average, and resulting result is the subjective quality evaluation of image;
2. according to the digital photogrammetry principle, utilize the remote sensing image of least square coupling compression to estimate, the raw video and the decompress(ion) image that will participate in coupling here are called matching image, with original remote sensing image as the left side picture in the matching image, image behind the decompress(ion) looks like as the right side, utilize high precision least square image coupling in the setting range of above-mentioned contrast image centering, to mate, the horizontal parallax and the vertical parallax that are caused of statistical match result measured the influence of compression to bearing accuracy with parallax on the whole less than the shared number percent of pixel of setting the limit difference then; If is 1 on the right side as interior ratio of compression, left and right sides image is just the same so, no matter mates with any matching process, and the parallax on all match points all should be zero; Ratio of compression is greater than 1 o'clock, and the pixel on the right image will cause offset because of gray scale changes, thereby carries out high-precision image coupling again and will form parallax;
According to the digital photogrammetry principle, utilize the least square coupling that the remote sensing image after compressing is estimated, its concrete performing step is:
At first set up the fundamental error equation of least square image coupling:
v＝c
1dh
0+c
2dh
1+c
3da
0+c
4da
1+c
5da
2+c
6db
0+c
7db
1+c
8db
2-Δg (1)
Wherein, c
1... c
8Be the coefficient of error equation, dh
0, dh
1, da
0... db
2Parameter is corrected in the image pixel displacement that the compression of serving as reasons causes;
The pixel coordinate value of image is (x before the note compression
0, y
0), the coordinate figure of this pixel is (x after the compression
d, y
d), carry out high precision least square coupling according to image coupling fundamental error equation, obtain pixel final coordinate (x in the image after compression
d, y
d);
The definition pixel shift:
Set the limit difference and calculate matching result; The statistical pixel displacement accounts for the ratio of participating in the number of pixels of coupling in the coupling image less than the quantity to the fixed limit difference, and this ratio can reflect on the whole that above-mentioned compression method keeps the degree of bearing accuracy;
5), error statistics result and image precision quality standard are compared, the remote sensing image that will meet after the compression of precision index deposits the image memory region of system's appointment in, and the evaluation result data is deposited in another data storage areas of system's appointment.
The present invention adopts technique scheme will reach following technique effect:
Evaluating data compression of the present invention is to the method for remote sensing image location precision, be to utilize the images match theory, utilize the Joint Photographic Experts Group method for compressing image to realize the remote sensing image data compression, the different ratio of compression of qualitative assessment that utilize the least square coupling then are to the remote sensing image location precision; The inventive method can be used as a kind of quantivative approach a kind of science, objective appraisal decompressed image distortion degree, makes the quantitative evaluation compression of images become possibility to the influence of bearing accuracy.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of evaluating data compression to the method for remote sensing image location precision;
Fig. 2 is the initial carrier remote sensing image;
Fig. 3 is the remote sensing image that carries out behind the different ratio of compression;
Fig. 4 is the error profile result after compressing with different ratio of compression.
Embodiment
The invention provides the method for a kind of evaluating data compression to the remote sensing image location precision, as Fig. 1, concrete steps are as follows:
1), carries out system initialization; Afterwards, enter step 2);
2), obtain the remote sensing image experimental data, the data of obtaining are put into the system data storage area of appointment; Afterwards, enter step 3);
Wherein, in the present embodiment, remote sensing image is the ground remote sensing image that obtains from satellite application land station, and data are the digital picture of * .bmp form, size 256 * 256 pixels, as shown in Figure 2;
3), the initial carrier remote sensing image data in the reading system data storage areas, use the JPEG compression method, compress setting under the ratio of compression, the system data storage area that the remote sensing image data after the compression is put into appointment is wherein; Afterwards, enter step 4);
4), the remote sensing image data after the compression of initial carrier remote sensing image in the reading system data storage areas and correspondence thereof, image is right as a comparison the image after raw video and the compression, carry out the least square coupling, computation of match errors, statistical error distribution results; Wherein, be original creation part of the present invention based on the compression of the evaluating data of least square matching principle to the method that influences of bearing accuracy;
1. from the angle of human eye vision the remote sensing image after compressing is estimated, in this step, can allow a plurality of observers according to some opinion scales of stipulating in advance or the experience of oneself, distortion degree to image is carried out subjective visual evaluation, the mark that all observers are provided is weighted on average, and resulting result is the subjective quality evaluation of image;
2. according to the digital photogrammetry principle, utilize the remote sensing image of least square coupling compression to estimate, the raw video and the decompress(ion) image that will participate in coupling here are called matching image, with original remote sensing image as the left side picture in the matching image, image behind the decompress(ion) looks like as the right side, utilize in the certain limit of high precision least square image coupling in above-mentioned stereogram and mate, formed horizontal parallax of statistical match result and vertical parallax are measured the influence of compression to bearing accuracy with parallax on the whole less than the shared number percent of the pixel of a fixed limit difference then; If is 1 on the right side as interior ratio of compression, left and right sides image is just the same so, no matter mates with any matching process, and the parallax on all match points all should be zero; Ratio of compression is greater than 1 o'clock, and the pixel on the right image will change (this gray scale changes compression and causes image distortion to cause) because of gray scale and cause offset, thereby carries out high-precision image coupling again and will form parallax; Fig. 3 is the remote sensing image that carries out behind the different ratio of compression, and the corresponding error profile data that obtain after the different ratio of compression compressions are seen Fig. 4.
According to the digital photogrammetry principle, utilize the least square coupling that the remote sensing image after compressing is estimated, its concrete performing step is:
At first set up the fundamental error equation of least square image coupling:
v＝c
1dh
0+c
2dh
1+c
3da
0+c
4da
1+c
5da
2+c
6db
0+c
7db
1+c
8db
2-Δg (2)
Wherein, c
1... c
8Be the coefficient of error equation, dh
0, dh
1, da
0... db
2Parameter is corrected in the image pixel displacement that the compression of serving as reasons causes;
The pixel coordinate value of image is (x before the note compression
0, y
0), carry out high precision least square coupling according to image coupling fundamental error equation, obtain pixel final coordinate (x in the image after compression
d, y
d);
The definition pixel shift:
Set the limit difference and calculate matching result; The statistical pixel displacement accounts for the ratio of participating in the number of pixels of coupling in the coupling image less than the quantity to the fixed limit difference, and the number of pixels of raw video and decompress(ion) image is the same; It is 0.1 pixel that present embodiment is set the limit difference, then can count and satisfy Δ x＜0.1, the pixel of Δ y＜0.1 is participated in shared ratio in the number of pixels of mating in the coupling image, this ratio can reflect on the whole that above-mentioned compression method keeps the degree of bearing accuracy;
5), error statistics result and image precision quality standard are compared, the remote sensing image that will meet after the compression of precision index deposits the image memory region of system's appointment in, and the evaluation result data is deposited in another data storage areas of system's appointment.
By the evaluation result data of adding up as can be seen, raising along with ratio of compression, the information loss of decompressed image increases, the geometric distortion of image is big more, error of coordinate descends along with the increase of ratio of compression less than the ratio of participating in the number of pixels of coupling in the coupling image that accounts for to the fixed limit difference, illustrate that ratio of compression is big more, the distortion of pixel is big more, thereby keeps the degree of bearing accuracy low more.
As fully visible, the present invention is that the method to location precision is compressed in a kind of science, objective and reliable evaluation.The present invention utilizes jpeg image compression standard compression remote sensing image, remote sensing image after the compression is assessed, utilize the influence of least square matching process evaluating data compression to the remote sensing image bearing accuracy, be the more excellent compression algorithm of design, select more excellent ratio of compression that normative reference is provided, have good practical value.
Claims (1)
1. evaluating data compression is to the method for remote sensing image location precision, and it is characterized in that: concrete steps are as follows:
1), carries out system initialization; Afterwards, enter step 2);
2), obtain original remote sensing image data, the data of obtaining are put into the system data storage area of appointment; Afterwards, enter step 3);
3), the original remote sensing image data in the reading system data storage areas, use the JPEG compression method, compress setting under the ratio of compression, the remote sensing image data after the compression is put into the system data storage area of appointment; Afterwards, enter step 4);
4), the remote sensing image data after the original remote sensing image in the reading system data storage areas and the corresponding compression thereof, image is right as a comparison the image after raw video and the compression, carries out the least square coupling, computation of match errors, statistical error distribution results;
1. from the angle of human eye vision the remote sensing image after compressing is estimated, in this step, can allow a plurality of observers according to some opinion scales of stipulating in advance or the experience of oneself, distortion degree to image is carried out subjective visual evaluation, the mark that all observers are provided is weighted on average, and resulting result is the subjective quality evaluation of image;
2. according to the digital photogrammetry principle, utilize the remote sensing image of least square coupling compression to estimate, the raw video and the decompress(ion) image that will participate in coupling here are called matching image, with original remote sensing image as the left side picture in the matching image, image behind the decompress(ion) looks like as the right side, utilize high precision least square image coupling in the setting range of above-mentioned contrast image centering, to mate, the horizontal parallax and the vertical parallax that are caused of statistical match result measured the influence of compression to bearing accuracy with parallax on the whole less than the shared number percent of pixel of setting the limit difference then; If is 1 on the right side as interior ratio of compression, left and right sides image is just the same so, no matter mates with any matching process, and the parallax on all match points all should be zero; Ratio of compression is greater than 1 o'clock, and the pixel on the right image will cause offset because of gray scale changes, thereby carries out high-precision image coupling again and will form parallax;
According to the digital photogrammetry principle, utilize the least square coupling that the remote sensing image after compressing is estimated, its concrete performing step is:
At first set up the fundamental error equation of least square image coupling:
v＝c
1dh
0+c
2dh
1+c
3da
0+c
4da
1+c
5da
2+c
6db
0+c
7db
1+c
8db
2-Δg (1)
Wherein, c
1... c
8Be the coefficient of error equation, dh
0, dh
1, da
0... db
2Parameter is corrected in the image pixel displacement that the compression of serving as reasons causes;
The pixel coordinate value of image is (x before the note compression
0, y
0), carry out high precision least square coupling according to image coupling fundamental error equation, obtain pixel final coordinate (x in the image after compression
d, y
d);
The definition pixel shift:
Set the limit difference and calculate matching result; The statistical pixel displacement accounts for the ratio of participating in the number of pixels of coupling in the coupling image less than the quantity to the fixed limit difference, and this ratio can reflect on the whole that above-mentioned compression method keeps the degree of bearing accuracy;
5), error statistics result and image precision quality standard are compared, the remote sensing image that will meet after the compression of precision index deposits the image memory region of system's appointment in, and the evaluation result data is deposited in another data storage areas of system's appointment.
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Application publication date: 20110817 |