CN102156865A - Handwritten text line character segmentation method and identification method - Google Patents
Handwritten text line character segmentation method and identification method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a handwritten text line character segmentation method and an identification method, which can accurately segment text lines. Three common conditions of naturally isolated characters, superposed characters and merged characters in a naturally written Chinese character text are respectively processed. The naturally isolated characters are segmented through a histogram projection method; the superposed characters are segmented by setting isolating points in a superposed region; and the merged characters are segmented through steps of firstly detecting out merged points in the merged characters, then, separating the characters at the merged points and finally segmenting the characters as the superposed characters. The methods provided by the invention can ensure higher segmentation accuracy while implementing rapid segmentation of the text lines.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Flame Image Process and handwriting recognition technology field, relate to a kind of character cutting method, relate in particular to a kind of handwritten text line character cutting method; Simultaneously, the invention still further relates to a kind of recognition methods of handwritten text line character.
Background technology
The man-machine interchange naturally is the important development direction of following man-machine interaction, and literal be the mankind with computing machine between one of the means that exchange naturally.Description form according to people's natural language, obtain user's handwriting by certain method and technological means (for example utilizing touch-screen, scanner or camera), utilize certain technical method that hand-written character image is analyzed and handled again, realizing the automatic identification of computing machine to literal, also is that our said literal is discerned.
Present monocase character recognition technology is comparative maturity, but the identification of unconfined full frame text writing style of writing word remains a difficult problem that needs to be resolved hurrily.So-called monocase identification is that each user only imports a character picture and discerns processing to electronic equipment; So-called line of text identification is meant that the user can write delegation's literal according to the writing style of nature on writing medium, and we are referred to as line of text, and this article one's own profession is submitted to electronic equipment again and discerns.Obviously, the line of text input has better character input efficiency than the monocase input.Do not have the constraint line of text and generally be meant what nature was write, owing to the writer is not done restriction on any writing, people can freely write according to daily writing style, and need not consider to have neat handwriting, not have the requirement on a horizontal linear or the like of the literal that connects in pen, the line of text.Therefore, natural text written row identification is for people provide a kind of more natural mode to the computing machine input characters.But then, because under the situation of writing naturally, character has a bad handwriting, the situation complexity between the character: overlapping, adhesion, cross the usually generation that grades, and the literal of being write may be also not point-blank.For computing machine, strengthened its difficulty of identification automatically undoubtedly, wherein Zui Da difficult point is the single character in the line of text is split automatically with certain technological means, handles thereby conveniently utilize the monocase recognition technology to carry out character recognition.
The identification of line of text is that carry out on the basis with the monocase, at first needs to determine the boundary of each character in the line of text that is:, respectively these characters is discerned, and identifies whole line of text then based on this.Yet under the situation of writing naturally, each character that is syncopated as exactly in the line of text is the very work of difficulty.Existing character cutting algorithm, perhaps cutting accuracy is not high enough, perhaps the cutting time long, can not satisfy the requirement of real-time operation.Do not have the constraint nature write the off line Chinese text capable in, the boundary between the character is not obvious, (see figure 1) often takes place in situations such as overlapping, adhesion, has brought very big difficulty for the accurate cutting of character.In the past the pre-cutting method that Chinese text is capable mainly contain method based on refinement, the method extracted based on stroke or the like.Wherein, the former cutting accuracy is higher, but need expend a large amount of time; The latter realizes simpler, but the cutting effect is not ideal enough.And in above method, all can't be not obvious to the boundary between the character, overlapping, situation such as adhesion carries out cutting preferably.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is: a kind of handwritten text line character cutting method is provided, can carries out the cutting of line of text exactly.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of recognition methods of handwritten text line character, can carry out the identification of line of text exactly.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of handwritten text line character cutting method, described method comprises the steps: that input text is capable; The character of separating naturally in the input text utilizes the histogram projection method that it is carried out cutting; For the overlapping character in the input text, utilize the method that isolating points is set in the overlapping region that it is carried out cutting; For the adhesion character in the input text, at first detect adhesion point wherein, then character is split in the punishment of adhesion point, then it is carried out cutting as overlapping character.
A kind of handwritten text line character cutting method, described method comprises the steps:
Step 100: input text is capable;
Step 200: the character of separating is naturally carried out cutting;
Step 300: the result to obtaining through step 200, estimate each character duration, judge that whether this character duration is greater than predetermined threshold value T; If then turn to step 400; Otherwise turn to step 700;
Step 400: carry out overlapping character cutting;
Step 500: the result to obtaining through step 400, estimate each character duration, judge that whether this character duration is greater than predetermined threshold value T; If then turn to step 600; Otherwise turn to step 700;
Step 600: carry out the cutting of adhesion character;
Step 700: output cutting result;
Step 800: finish.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the described step 200, adopt following method to carry out the character cutting that nature is separated:
Calculate seek the null value zone in the given line of text histogram projection curve, determine the interval between the nature separating character;
Occupy at interval the middle part and with about the distance of two characters equate a perpendicular line, as the cutting route of natural separating character.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the described step 300, adopt following method to carry out the estimation of character duration:
Step 310: the mean breadth Mean_Wid that estimates character by following formula:
Wherein, w
i(i=1,2 ...) be the width of any one character among the cutting result; W
MedBe the intermediate value median value of all character durations among the cutting result, when character duration was arranged by ascending order, sorting position that value placed in the middle was exactly an intermediate value; Bool () represents Boolean calculation, and functional value is 1 when the condition in the bracket satisfies, otherwise functional value is 0; N
MedFor satisfying the number of characters of following condition: { w
i| w
i〉=0.8*W
Med﹠amp; ﹠amp; w
i≤ 1.6*W
Med;
Step 320: press following formula calculated threshold T:
T=1.2*Mean_Wid
Wherein, variable Mean_Wid is determined by step 310.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the described step 400, adopt following method to carry out the cutting of overlapping character:
Step 410: counterweight reduplicated word symbol carries out the connected domain analysis; Set up the attaching relation between new connected domain and the character; This attaching relation is obtained by the common factor of pixel: because overlapping character mutually disjoints, and the new connected domain energy of each the overlapping region in and only can be crossing with a character; If the common factor of certain a new connected domain and a character is not empty, then this connected domain just belongs to this character;
Step 420: each row of traversal overlapping region: investigate these row from top to bottom, if two connected domains that occur belong to different characters successively, then an isolating points is set, makes them between these two connected domains, and this arrives up and down, and the distance of two connected domains equates at these row;
Step 430: in order to guarantee that isolating points correctly is set in the overlapping region, will to the connected domain in the overlapping region set by step 440-470 adjust;
Step 440: in the overlapping region, those list the connected domain that pixel is all arranged at all mark, and they and little connected domain are made a distinction;
Step 450:, investigate successively from top to bottom for those connected domains of mark; If occur successively two the mark connected domain belong to same character, then insert a virtual connected domain between them: each lists one or more first kind pixels all is set, and represents character pixels; This pixel between these two connected domains, and with the connected domain of below one or more second type pixels at interval, non-intersect as far as possible to guarantee this virtual pixel and little connected domain; If can't avoid crossing, then need in little connected domain, a pixel above intersection location and this position to be removed, make little connected domain and this virtual pixel one or more second type pixels at interval; This virtual connected domain of mark, and think that it belongs to another character;
Step 460: in the overlapping region, add a virtual first kind pixel respectively, form a virtual connected domain for first each row of going; This virtual connected domain of mark, and think that it belongs to different characters respectively with the connected domain of mark of original the top; Similarly, also add a virtual first kind pixel respectively, form a virtual connected domain for each row of last column; This virtual connected domain of mark, and think that it belongs to different characters respectively with the original connected domain of mark the most of below;
Step 470: investigate occur successively two mark connected domains, if between them little connected domain is arranged, and these little connected domains belong to different characters respectively, should guarantee that then these little connected domain vertical projections do not have common factor, that is: if they have pixel distribution in identical row, then list the pixel of these little connected domains is eliminated at this;
Step 480: the isolating points of each row that will obtain after will handling through above-mentioned steps is connected in turn, and has just constituted that part of cutting route in the overlapping region;
Step 490: with the vertical boundary of overlapping region cutting route, and the cutting route of all parts linked to each other, just constituted a complete curve cutting route as remainder.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, among the described step 600, adopt following method to carry out the adhesion character cutting:
Step 610: in the adhesion character, the boundary position of each character is estimated according to its histogram projection;
Step 620: for the rough position of adhesion character public boundary, find out a histogram peak point respectively from its left and right sides, the value of this point is greater than histogrammic average peak, and the public boundary of the most close adhesion character; Think near the center of this peak point corresponding to character; Between above-mentioned two peak points, find out a histogram valley point, the value of this point is less than histogrammic average valley, and the public boundary of close character; Think the definite position of this valley point corresponding to adhesion character public boundary;
Step 630: the adhesion character is carried out the character thinning processing; On refined image, find out the stroke of above-mentioned valley point position, they may comprise the adhesion point; Crunode on these strokes and angle point all are recorded as the adhesion point;
Step 640: the adhesion character is split in the punishment of adhesion point, they are become overlapping character; Wherein, the division of adhesion character is carried out as follows: be in the m*m pixel region at center with the adhesion point, image pixel all is changed to the second type pixel, the expression background pixel; Wherein, m is for setting numerical value;
Step 650: the method according to counterweight reduplicated word symbol is carried out cutting to character;
Step 660: the cutting route that produces according to step 650 is superimposed upon on the image of former adhesion character, and image is carried out cutting.
A kind of recognition methods of handwritten text line character is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:
Step S10: input text is capable;
Step S20: the character of separating is naturally carried out cutting;
Step S30: the result to obtaining through step S20, estimate each character duration, judge that whether this character duration is greater than predetermined threshold value T; If then turn to step S40; Otherwise turn to step S70;
Step S40: carry out overlapping character cutting;
Step S50: the result to obtaining through step S40, estimate each character duration, judge that whether this character duration is greater than predetermined threshold value T; If then turn to step S60; Otherwise turn to step S70;
Step S60: carry out the cutting of adhesion character;
Step S70: output cutting result;
Step S80: the character that the cutting result who exports obtains is discerned the output recognition result respectively.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: handwritten text line character cutting method and recognition methods that the present invention proposes, by the handwritten text line character image under the situation of writing is naturally carried out cutting, effectively the boundary between the processing character is not obvious, situations such as overlapping, adhesion, with character dividing processing among the line of text, handle thereby conveniently utilize the monocase recognition technology to carry out character recognition.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is not for there being the character synoptic diagram of the hand-written Chinese text of constraint nature in capable.Wherein: Fig. 1 (a) is for separating situation naturally; Fig. 1 (b) is overlapping situation; Fig. 1 (c) is the adhesion situation; Fig. 1 (d) is overlapping and the adhesion situation; Fig. 1 (e) is adhesion and overlapping situation.
Fig. 2 is a cutting method process flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is for carrying out the cutting synoptic diagram to the character of separating naturally; Wherein Fig. 3 (a) is the character picture histogram projection; Fig. 3 (b) is a straight line cutting route synoptic diagram.
The attach most importance to cutting process of reduplicated word symbol of Fig. 4.Wherein Fig. 4 (a) is the overlapping region; Fig. 4 (b) is the new connected domain in the overlapping region; Fig. 4 (c) is a certain isolating points that lists; Fig. 4 (d) is the part cutting route in the overlapping region; Fig. 4 (e) is complete curve cutting route.
Fig. 5 is the testing process synoptic diagram of adhesion point.
Fig. 6 utilizes the capable synoptic diagram of the inventive method cutting handwritten text.
Embodiment
Describe the preferred embodiments of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment one
The present invention proposes a kind of capable cutting method of constraint handwritten text that do not have fast, carries out the cutting of line of text exactly.Three kinds of common situations at the Chinese text of writing naturally in capable: the character of Fen Geing, overlapping character and adhesion character are handled respectively naturally.Character for separating naturally utilizes the histogram projection method that it is carried out cutting; For overlapping character, utilize the method that isolating points is set in the overlapping region that it is carried out cutting; For the adhesion character, at first detect adhesion point wherein, then character is split in the punishment of adhesion point, it can be carried out cutting as overlapping character at last.The inventive method can guarantee higher cutting accuracy when realizing the quick cutting of line of text.
The present invention is directed to Chinese text that non-nothing constraint nature writes capable in three kinds of common situations: the character of Fen Geing, overlapping character and adhesion character naturally, proposed a kind of character cutting technical method, the inventive method adopts three kinds of different strategies to handle above three kinds of character situations successively.After handling a kind of situation, the mean breadth of all characters in the line of text is estimated at every turn, and threshold value T is taken as the direct ratio function of character mean breadth.Exceeded those characters of threshold value for width, thought that they have comprised plural character, need proceed cutting.At last, the cutting result with three kinds of character situations integrates the cutting result of formation line of text.The inventive method mainly comprises following four technology parts: the character cutting of Fen Geing naturally, overlapping character cutting, adhesion character cutting, and the estimation of character duration.
The equipment of implementing patent of the present invention can adopt the smart mobile phone (for example HTC/GoogleNexus One smart mobile phone) of band camera, and this mobile phone has camera, can gather the hand-written line of text view data of user.Adopt C Plus Plus to work out corresponding all kinds of handling procedure, just can well implement the present invention.The present invention also can realize on other mobile electronic devices such as PC, panel computer, PDA; The present invention also can adopt other programming languages such as C language, Java language to realize.
See also Fig. 2, the present invention has disclosed a kind of handwritten text line character cutting method, and described method comprises the steps:
[step 100] input text is capable.
[step 200] carries out cutting to the character of separating naturally; Specific practice is: calculate seek the null value zone in the given line of text histogram projection curve, determine the interval between the nature separating character.Occupy at interval the middle part and with about the distance of two characters equate a perpendicular line, as the cutting route of natural separating character.As shown in Figure 3.
[step 300] result to obtaining through step 200 estimates (being primary Calculation) each character duration, whether judges this character duration greater than certain predetermined threshold value T, if answer is for being then to turn to step 400; If answer then turns to step 700 for not;
Adopt following method to carry out the estimation of character duration:
Step 310: the mean breadth Mean_Wid that estimates character by following formula:
Wherein, w
i(i=1,2 ...) be the width of any one character among the cutting result, W
MedIntermediate value (median value for all character durations among the cutting result, when character duration was arranged by ascending order, sorting position that value placed in the middle was exactly an intermediate value), (functional value is 1 to bool () expression Boolean calculation when the condition in the bracket satisfies, otherwise functional value is 0), N
MedFor satisfying the number of characters of following condition: { w
i| w
i〉=0.8*W
Med﹠amp; ﹠amp; w
i≤ 1.6*W
Med}
Step 320: press following formula calculated threshold T:
T=1.2*Mean_Wid (2)
Wherein, the variable Mean_Wid on equal sign the right is determined by step 310.
[step 400] carries out overlapping character cutting; Comprise the steps:
Step 410: counterweight reduplicated word symbol carries out the connected domain analysis; Set up the attaching relation between new connected domain and the character; This attaching relation is obtained by the common factor of pixel: because overlapping character mutually disjoints, and the new connected domain energy of each the overlapping region in and only can be crossing with a character.If the common factor of certain a new connected domain and a character is not empty, then this connected domain just belongs to this character.
Step 420: each row of traversal overlapping region: investigate these row from top to bottom, if two connected domains that occur belong to different characters successively, then an isolating points is set, makes it between these two connected domains, and this arrives up and down, and the distance of two connected domains equates at these row;
Step 430: in order to guarantee that isolating points correctly is set in the overlapping region, we will 440~470 adjust set by step to the connected domain in the overlapping region;
Step 440: in the overlapping region, those list the connected domain that pixel is all arranged at all mark, and they and little connected domain are made a distinction.
Step 450:, investigate successively from top to bottom for those connected domains of mark.If occur successively two the mark connected domain belong to same character, then insert a virtual connected domain between them: each lists a black pixel (representative character pixels) all is set, this pixel between these two connected domains, and with the connected domain of below only at interval a white pixel (it is non-intersect as far as possible in order to guarantee this virtual pixel and little connected domain doing like this.If can't avoid crossing, then need in little connected domain, a pixel above intersection location and this position to be removed, make also white pixel in interval only of little connected domain and this virtual pixel).This virtual connected domain of mark, and think that it belongs to another character.
Step 460: in the overlapping region, add a virtual black pixel respectively, form a virtual connected domain for first each row of going.This virtual connected domain of mark, and think that it belongs to different characters respectively with the connected domain of mark of original the top.Similarly, also add a virtual black pixel respectively, form a virtual connected domain for each row of last column.This virtual connected domain of mark, and think that it belongs to different characters respectively with the original connected domain of mark the most of below.
Step 470: investigate occur successively two mark connected domains, if between them little connected domain is arranged, and these little connected domains belong to different characters respectively, should guarantee that then these little connected domain vertical projections do not have common factor, that is: if they have pixel distribution in identical row, then list the pixel of these little connected domains is eliminated at this.
Step 480: the isolating points of each row that will obtain after will handling through above-mentioned steps is connected in turn, and has just constituted that part of cutting route in the overlapping region;
Step 490: with the vertical boundary of overlapping region cutting route, and the cutting route of all parts linked to each other, just constituted a complete curve cutting route as remainder;
Above-mentioned implementation step processing procedure synoptic diagram as shown in Figure 4;
[step 500] result to obtaining through step 400 estimates each character duration, whether judges this character duration greater than certain predetermined threshold value T, if answer is for being then to turn to step 600; If answer then turns to step 700 for not;
[step 600] carries out the cutting of adhesion character; Comprise the steps:
Step 610: in the adhesion character, the boundary position of each character is estimated according to its histogram projection;
Step 620: for the rough position of adhesion character public boundary, find out a histogram peak point respectively from its left and right sides, the value of this point is greater than histogrammic average peak, and the public boundary of the most close adhesion character.Think near the center of this peak point corresponding to character.Between above-mentioned two peak points, find out a histogram valley point, the value of this point is less than histogrammic average valley, and the public boundary of close character.Think the definite position of this valley point corresponding to adhesion character public boundary;
Step 630: the adhesion character is carried out the character thinning processing.On refined image, find out the stroke of above-mentioned valley point position, they may comprise the adhesion point.Crunode on these strokes and angle point all are recorded as adhesion point, (as shown in Figure 5);
Step 640: the adhesion character is split in the punishment of adhesion point, they are become overlapping character; Wherein, the division of adhesion character is carried out as follows: be in the m*m pixel region at center with the adhesion point, image pixel all is changed to white pixel (expression background pixel), and desirable m is any one number between 8~15 in the patent of the present invention.
Step 650: the method according to counterweight reduplicated word symbol is carried out cutting (seeing step 410-step 490) to character;
Step 660: the cutting route that produces according to step 650 is superimposed upon on the image of former adhesion character, and image is carried out cutting.
[step 700] output cutting result;
[step 800] finishes.
Fig. 6 has shown and utilizes the technology of the present invention not have the result that the capable cutting of carrying out cutting that nature separates cutting, overlapping character and adhesion character of constraint handwritten text obtains respectively to one section, this exemplifying embodiment is not well to there being capable cutting processing, the fine effect that reaches effective separating character of energy of having carried out of constraint handwritten text as we can see from the figure.
In sum, handwritten text line character cutting method and recognition methods that the present invention proposes, by the handwritten text line character image under the situation of writing is naturally carried out cutting, effectively the boundary between the processing character is not obvious, situations such as overlapping, adhesion, with character dividing processing among the line of text, handle thereby conveniently utilize the monocase recognition technology to carry out character recognition.
Embodiment two
Present embodiment discloses a kind of recognition methods of handwritten text line character, and described method comprises the steps:
Step S10: input text is capable;
Step S20: the character of separating is naturally carried out cutting;
Step S30: the result to obtaining through step S20, estimate each character duration, judge that whether this character duration is greater than predetermined threshold value T; If then turn to step S40; Otherwise turn to step S70;
Step S40: carry out overlapping character cutting;
Step S50: the result to obtaining through step S40, estimate each character duration, judge that whether this character duration is greater than predetermined threshold value T; If then turn to step S60; Otherwise turn to step S70;
Step S60: carry out the cutting of adhesion character;
Step S70: output cutting result;
Step S80: the character that the cutting result who exports obtains is discerned the output recognition result respectively.
Among the described step S30, adopt following method to carry out the estimation of character duration:
Step 310: the mean breadth Mean_Wid that estimates character by following formula:
Wherein, w
i(i=1,2 ...) be the width of any one character among the cutting result; W
MedBe the intermediate value median value of all character durations among the cutting result, when character duration was arranged by ascending order, sorting position that value placed in the middle was exactly an intermediate value; Bool () represents Boolean calculation, and functional value is 1 when the condition in the bracket satisfies, otherwise functional value is 0; N
MedFor satisfying the number of characters of following condition: { w
i| w
i〉=0.8*W
Med﹠amp; ﹠amp; w
i≤ 1.6*W
Med;
Step 320: press following formula calculated threshold T:
T=1.2*Mean_Wid
Wherein, variable Mean_Wid is determined by step 310.
Among the described step S40, adopt following method to carry out the cutting of overlapping character:
Step 410: counterweight reduplicated word symbol carries out the connected domain analysis; Set up the attaching relation between new connected domain and the character; This attaching relation is obtained by the common factor of pixel: because overlapping character mutually disjoints, and the new connected domain energy of each the overlapping region in and only can be crossing with a character; If the common factor of certain a new connected domain and a character is not empty, then this connected domain just belongs to this character;
Step 420: each row of traversal overlapping region: investigate these row from top to bottom, if two connected domains that occur belong to different characters successively, then an isolating points is set, makes them between these two connected domains, and this arrives up and down, and the distance of two connected domains equates at these row;
Step 430: in order to guarantee that isolating points correctly is set in the overlapping region, will to the connected domain in the overlapping region set by step 440-470 adjust;
Step 440: in the overlapping region, those list the connected domain that pixel is all arranged at all mark, and they and little connected domain are made a distinction;
Step 450:, investigate successively from top to bottom for those connected domains of mark; If occur successively two the mark connected domain belong to same character, then insert a virtual connected domain between them: each lists one or more first kind pixels all is set, and represents character pixels; This pixel between these two connected domains, and with the connected domain of below one or more second type pixels at interval, non-intersect as far as possible to guarantee this virtual pixel and little connected domain; If can't avoid crossing, then need in little connected domain, a pixel above intersection location and this position to be removed, make little connected domain and this virtual pixel one or more second type pixels at interval; This virtual connected domain of mark, and think that it belongs to another character;
Step 460: in the overlapping region, add a virtual first kind pixel respectively, form a virtual connected domain for first each row of going; This virtual connected domain of mark, and think that it belongs to different characters respectively with the connected domain of mark of original the top; Similarly, also add a virtual first kind pixel respectively, form a virtual connected domain for each row of last column; This virtual connected domain of mark, and think that it belongs to different characters respectively with the original connected domain of mark the most of below;
Step 470: investigate occur successively two mark connected domains, if between them little connected domain is arranged, and these little connected domains belong to different characters respectively, should guarantee that then these little connected domain vertical projections do not have common factor, that is: if they have pixel distribution in identical row, then list the pixel of these little connected domains is eliminated at this;
Step 480: the isolating points of each row that will obtain after will handling through above-mentioned steps is connected in turn, and has just constituted that part of cutting route in the overlapping region;
Step 490: with the vertical boundary of overlapping region cutting route, and the cutting route of all parts linked to each other, just constituted a complete curve cutting route as remainder.
Among the described step S60, adopt following method to carry out the adhesion character cutting:
Step 610: in the adhesion character, the boundary position of each character is estimated according to its histogram projection;
Step 620: for the rough position of adhesion character public boundary, find out a histogram peak point respectively from its left and right sides, the value of this point is greater than histogrammic average peak, and the public boundary of the most close adhesion character; Think near the center of this peak point corresponding to character; Between above-mentioned two peak points, find out a histogram valley point, the value of this point is less than histogrammic average valley, and the public boundary of close character; Think the definite position of this valley point corresponding to adhesion character public boundary;
Step 630: the adhesion character is carried out the character thinning processing; On refined image, find out the stroke of above-mentioned valley point position, they may comprise the adhesion point; Crunode on these strokes and angle point all are recorded as the adhesion point;
Step 640: the adhesion character is split in the punishment of adhesion point, they are become overlapping character; Wherein, the division of adhesion character is carried out as follows: be in the m*m pixel region at center with the adhesion point, image pixel all is changed to the second type pixel, the expression background pixel; Wherein, m is for setting numerical value;
Step 650: the method according to counterweight reduplicated word symbol is carried out cutting to character;
Step 660: the cutting route that produces according to step 650 is superimposed upon on the image of former adhesion character, and image is carried out cutting.
Here description of the invention and application is illustrative, is not to want with scope restriction of the present invention in the above-described embodiments.Here the distortion of disclosed embodiment and change are possible, and the various parts of the replacement of embodiment and equivalence are known for those those of ordinary skill in the art.Those skilled in the art are noted that under the situation that does not break away from spirit of the present invention or essential characteristic, and the present invention can be with other form, structure, layout, ratio, and realize with other assembly, material and parts.Under the situation that does not break away from the scope of the invention and spirit, can carry out other distortion and change here to disclosed embodiment.
Claims (11)
1. a handwritten text line character cutting method is characterized in that described method comprises the steps:
--step 100: input text is capable;
--step 200: the character of separating is naturally carried out cutting;
Wherein, adopt following method to carry out the character cutting that nature is separated: calculate seek the null value zone in the given line of text histogram projection curve, determine the interval between the nature separating character; Occupy at interval the middle part and with about the distance of two characters equate a perpendicular line, as the cutting route of natural separating character;
--step 300: the result to obtaining through step 200, estimate each character duration, judge that whether this character duration is greater than predetermined threshold value T; If then turn to step 400; Otherwise turn to step 700;
Wherein, adopt following method to carry out the estimation of character duration:
Step 310: the mean breadth Mean_Wid that estimates character by following formula:
Wherein, w
i(i=1,2 ...) be the width of any one character among the cutting result; W
MedBe the intermediate value median value of all character durations among the cutting result, when character duration was arranged by ascending order, sorting position that value placed in the middle was exactly an intermediate value; Bool () represents Boolean calculation, and functional value is 1 when the condition in the bracket satisfies, otherwise functional value is 0; N
MedFor satisfying the number of characters of following condition: { w
i| w
i〉=0.8*W
Med﹠amp; ﹠amp; w
i≤ 1.6*W
Med;
Step 320: by following formula calculated threshold T:T=1.2*Mean_Wid; Wherein, variable Mean_Wid is determined by step 310;
--step 400: carry out overlapping character cutting; Adopt following method to carry out the cutting of overlapping character:
Step 410: counterweight reduplicated word symbol carries out the connected domain analysis; Set up the attaching relation between new connected domain and the character; This attaching relation is obtained by the common factor of pixel: because overlapping character mutually disjoints, and the new connected domain energy of each the overlapping region in and only can be crossing with a character; If the common factor of certain a new connected domain and a character is not empty, then this connected domain just belongs to this character;
Step 420: each row of traversal overlapping region: investigate these row from top to bottom, if two connected domains that occur belong to different characters successively, then an isolating points is set, makes them between these two connected domains, and this arrives up and down, and the distance of two connected domains equates at these row;
Step 430: in order to guarantee that isolating points correctly is set in the overlapping region, will to the connected domain in the overlapping region set by step 440-470 adjust;
Step 440: in the overlapping region, those list the connected domain that pixel is all arranged at all mark, and they and little connected domain are made a distinction;
Step 450:, investigate successively from top to bottom for the connected domain of mark; If occur successively two the mark connected domain belong to same character, then insert a virtual connected domain between them: each lists one or more first kind pixels all is set, and represents character pixels; This pixel between these two connected domains, and with the connected domain of below one or more second type pixels at interval, non-intersect as far as possible to guarantee this virtual pixel and little connected domain; If can't avoid crossing, then need in little connected domain, a pixel above intersection location and this position to be removed, make little connected domain and this virtual pixel one or more second type pixels at interval; This virtual connected domain of mark, and think that it belongs to another character;
Step 460: in the overlapping region, add a virtual first kind pixel respectively, form a virtual connected domain for first each row of going; This virtual connected domain of mark, and think that it belongs to different characters respectively with the connected domain of mark of original the top; Similarly, also add a virtual first kind pixel respectively, form a virtual connected domain for each row of last column; This virtual connected domain of mark, and think that it belongs to different characters respectively with the original connected domain of mark the most of below;
Step 470: investigate occur successively two mark connected domains, if between them little connected domain is arranged, and these little connected domains belong to different characters respectively, should guarantee that then these little connected domain vertical projections do not have common factor, that is: if they have pixel distribution in identical row, then list the pixel of these little connected domains is eliminated at this;
Step 480: the isolating points of each row that will obtain after will handling through above-mentioned steps is connected in turn, and has just constituted that part of cutting route in the overlapping region;
Step 490: with the vertical boundary of overlapping region cutting route, and the cutting route of all parts linked to each other, just constituted a complete curve cutting route as remainder;
--step 500: the result to obtaining through step 400, estimate each character duration, judge that whether this character duration is greater than predetermined threshold value T; If then turn to step 600; Otherwise turn to step 700;
--step 600: carry out the cutting of adhesion character;
Among the described step 600, adopt following method to carry out the adhesion character cutting:
Step 610: in the adhesion character, the boundary position of each character is estimated according to its histogram projection;
Step 620: for the rough position of adhesion character public boundary, find out a histogram peak point respectively from its left and right sides, the value of this point is greater than histogrammic average peak, and the public boundary of the most close adhesion character; Think near the center of this peak point corresponding to character; Between above-mentioned two peak points, find out a histogram valley point, the value of this point is less than histogrammic average valley, and the public boundary of close character; Think the definite position of this valley point corresponding to adhesion character public boundary;
Step 630: the adhesion character is carried out the character thinning processing; On refined image, find out the stroke of above-mentioned valley point position, they may comprise the adhesion point; Crunode on these strokes and angle point all are recorded as the adhesion point;
Step 640: the adhesion character is split in the punishment of adhesion point, they are become overlapping character; Wherein, the division of adhesion character is carried out as follows: be in the m*m pixel region at center with the adhesion point, image pixel all is changed to the second type pixel, the expression background pixel; Wherein, m is for setting numerical value;
Step 650: the method according to counterweight reduplicated word symbol is carried out cutting to character;
Step 660: the cutting route that produces according to step 650 is superimposed upon on the image of former adhesion character, and image is carried out cutting;
--step 700: output cutting result;
--step 800: finish.
2. a handwritten text line character cutting method is characterized in that described method comprises the steps:
Step 100: input text is capable;
Step 200: the character of separating is naturally carried out cutting;
Step 300: the result to obtaining through step 200, estimate each character duration, judge that whether each character duration is greater than predetermined threshold value T; If then turn to step 400; Otherwise turn to step 700;
Step 400: carry out overlapping character cutting;
Step 500: the result to obtaining through step 400, estimate each character duration, judge that whether each character duration is greater than predetermined threshold value T; If then turn to step 600; Otherwise turn to step 700;
Step 600: carry out the cutting of adhesion character;
Step 700: output cutting result;
Step 800: finish.
3. handwritten text line character cutting method according to claim 2 is characterized in that:
In the described step 200, adopt following method to carry out the character cutting that nature is separated:
Calculate seek the null value zone in the given line of text histogram projection curve, determine the interval between the nature separating character;
Occupy at interval the middle part and with about the distance of two characters equate a perpendicular line, as the cutting route of natural separating character.
4. handwritten text line character cutting method according to claim 2 is characterized in that:
In the described step 300, adopt following method to carry out the estimation of character duration:
Step 310: the mean breadth Mean_Wid that estimates character by following formula:
Wherein, w
i(i=1,2 ...) be the width of any one character among the cutting result; W
MedBe the intermediate value median value of all character durations among the cutting result, when character duration was arranged by ascending order, sorting position that value placed in the middle was exactly an intermediate value; Bool () represents Boolean calculation, and functional value is 1 when the condition in the bracket satisfies, otherwise functional value is 0; N
MedFor satisfying the number of characters of following condition: { w
i| w
i〉=0.8*W
Med﹠amp; ﹠amp; w
i≤ 1.6*W
Med;
Step 320: press following formula calculated threshold T:
T=1.2*Mean_Wid
Wherein, variable Mean_Wid is determined by step 310.
5. handwritten text line character cutting method according to claim 2 is characterized in that:
In the described step 400, adopt following method to carry out the cutting of overlapping character:
Step 410: counterweight reduplicated word symbol carries out the connected domain analysis; Set up the attaching relation between new connected domain and the character; This attaching relation is obtained by the common factor of pixel: because overlapping character mutually disjoints, and the new connected domain energy of each the overlapping region in and only can be crossing with a character; If the common factor of certain a new connected domain and a character is not empty, then this connected domain just belongs to this character;
Step 420: each row of traversal overlapping region: investigate these row from top to bottom, if two connected domains that occur belong to different characters successively, then an isolating points is set, makes them between these two connected domains, and this arrives up and down, and the distance of two connected domains equates at these row;
Step 430: in order to guarantee that isolating points correctly is set in the overlapping region, will to the connected domain in the overlapping region set by step 440-470 adjust;
Step 440: in the overlapping region, those list the connected domain that pixel is all arranged at all mark, and they and little connected domain are made a distinction;
Step 450:, investigate successively from top to bottom for those connected domains of mark; If occur successively two the mark connected domain belong to same character, then insert a virtual connected domain between them: each lists one or more first kind pixels all is set, and represents character pixels; This pixel between these two connected domains, and with the connected domain of below one or more second type pixels at interval, non-intersect as far as possible to guarantee this virtual pixel and little connected domain; If can't avoid crossing, then need in little connected domain, a pixel above intersection location and this position to be removed, make little connected domain and this virtual pixel one or more second type pixels at interval; This virtual connected domain of mark, and think that it belongs to another character;
Step 460: in the overlapping region, add a virtual first kind pixel respectively, form a virtual connected domain for first each row of going; This virtual connected domain of mark, and think that it belongs to different characters respectively with the connected domain of mark of original the top; Similarly, also add a virtual first kind pixel respectively, form a virtual connected domain for each row of last column; This virtual connected domain of mark, and think that it belongs to different characters respectively with the original connected domain of mark the most of below;
Step 470: investigate occur successively two mark connected domains, if between them little connected domain is arranged, and these little connected domains belong to different characters respectively, should guarantee that then these little connected domain vertical projections do not have common factor, that is: if they have pixel distribution in identical row, then list the pixel of these little connected domains is eliminated at this;
Step 480: the isolating points of each row that will obtain after will handling through above-mentioned steps is connected in turn, and has just constituted the cutting route in the overlapping region;
Step 490: with the vertical boundary of overlapping region cutting route, and the cutting route of all parts linked to each other, just constituted a complete curve cutting route as remainder.
6. handwritten text line character cutting method according to claim 2 is characterized in that:
Among the described step 600, adopt following method to carry out the adhesion character cutting:
Step 610: in the adhesion character, the boundary position of each character is estimated according to its histogram projection;
Step 620: for the rough position of adhesion character public boundary, find out a histogram peak point respectively from its left and right sides, the value of this point is greater than histogrammic average peak, and the public boundary of the most close adhesion character; Think near the center of this peak point corresponding to character; Between above-mentioned two peak points, find out a histogram valley point, the value of this point is less than histogrammic average valley, and the public boundary of close character; Think the definite position of this valley point corresponding to adhesion character public boundary;
Step 630: the adhesion character is carried out the character thinning processing; On refined image, find out the stroke of above-mentioned valley point position, they may comprise the adhesion point; Crunode on these strokes and angle point all are recorded as the adhesion point;
Step 640: the adhesion character is split in the punishment of adhesion point, they are become overlapping character; Wherein, the division of adhesion character is carried out as follows: be in the m*m pixel region at center with the adhesion point, image pixel all is changed to the second type pixel, the expression background pixel; Wherein, m is for setting numerical value;
Step 650: the method according to counterweight reduplicated word symbol is carried out cutting to character;
Step 660: the cutting route that produces according to step 650 is superimposed upon on the image of former adhesion character, and image is carried out cutting.
7. a handwritten text line character cutting method is characterized in that described method comprises the steps:
Input text is capable;
The character of separating naturally in the input text utilizes the histogram projection method that it is carried out cutting;
For the overlapping character in the input text, utilize the method that isolating points is set in the overlapping region that it is carried out cutting;
For the adhesion character in the input text, at first detect adhesion point wherein, then character is split in the punishment of adhesion point, then it is carried out cutting as overlapping character.
8. the recognition methods of a handwritten text line character is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:
Step S10: input text is capable;
Step S20: the character of separating is naturally carried out cutting;
Step S30: the result to obtaining through step S20, estimate each character duration, judge that whether this character duration is greater than predetermined threshold value T; If then turn to step S40; Otherwise turn to step S70;
Step S40: carry out overlapping character cutting;
Step S50: the result to obtaining through step S40, estimate each character duration, judge that whether this character duration is greater than predetermined threshold value T; If then turn to step S60; Otherwise turn to step S70;
Step S60: carry out the cutting of adhesion character;
Step S70: output cutting result;
Step S80: the character that the cutting result who exports obtains is discerned the output recognition result respectively.
9. the recognition methods of handwritten text line character according to claim 8 is characterized in that:
Among the described step S30, adopt following method to carry out the estimation of character duration:
Step 310: the mean breadth Mean_Wid that estimates character by following formula:
Wherein, w
i(i=1,2 ...) be the width of any one character among the cutting result; W
MedBe the intermediate value median value of all character durations among the cutting result, when character duration was arranged by ascending order, sorting position that value placed in the middle was exactly an intermediate value; Bool () represents Boolean calculation, and functional value is 1 when the condition in the bracket satisfies, otherwise functional value is 0; N
MedFor satisfying the number of characters of following condition: { w
i| w
i〉=0.8*W
Med﹠amp; ﹠amp; w
i≤ 1.6*W
Med;
Step 320: press following formula calculated threshold T:
T=1.2*Mean_Wid
Wherein, variable Mean_Wid is determined by step 310.
10. the recognition methods of handwritten text line character according to claim 8 is characterized in that:
Among the described step S40, adopt following method to carry out the cutting of overlapping character:
Step 410: counterweight reduplicated word symbol carries out the connected domain analysis; Set up the attaching relation between new connected domain and the character; This attaching relation is obtained by the common factor of pixel: because overlapping character mutually disjoints, and the new connected domain energy of each the overlapping region in and only can be crossing with a character; If the common factor of certain a new connected domain and a character is not empty, then this connected domain just belongs to this character;
Step 420: each row of traversal overlapping region: investigate these row from top to bottom, if two connected domains that occur belong to different characters successively, then an isolating points is set, makes them between these two connected domains, and this arrives up and down, and the distance of two connected domains equates at these row;
Step 430: in order to guarantee that isolating points correctly is set in the overlapping region, will to the connected domain in the overlapping region set by step 440-470 adjust;
Step 440: in the overlapping region, those list the connected domain that pixel is all arranged at all mark, and they and little connected domain are made a distinction;
Step 450:, investigate successively from top to bottom for those connected domains of mark; If occur successively two the mark connected domain belong to same character, then insert a virtual connected domain between them: each lists one or more first kind pixels all is set, and represents character pixels; This pixel between these two connected domains, and with the connected domain of below one or more second type pixels at interval, non-intersect as far as possible to guarantee this virtual pixel and little connected domain; If can't avoid crossing, then need in little connected domain, a pixel above intersection location and this position to be removed, make little connected domain and this virtual pixel one or more second type pixels at interval; This virtual connected domain of mark, and think that it belongs to another character;
Step 460: in the overlapping region, add a virtual first kind pixel respectively, form a virtual connected domain for first each row of going; This virtual connected domain of mark, and think that it belongs to different characters respectively with the connected domain of mark of original the top; Similarly, also add a virtual first kind pixel respectively, form a virtual connected domain for each row of last column; This virtual connected domain of mark, and think that it belongs to different characters respectively with the original connected domain of mark the most of below;
Step 470: investigate occur successively two mark connected domains, if between them little connected domain is arranged, and these little connected domains belong to different characters respectively, should guarantee that then these little connected domain vertical projections do not have common factor, that is: if they have pixel distribution in identical row, then list the pixel of these little connected domains is eliminated at this;
Step 480: the isolating points of each row that will obtain after will handling through above-mentioned steps is connected in turn, and has just constituted the cutting route in the overlapping region;
Step 490: with the vertical boundary of overlapping region cutting route, and the cutting route of all parts linked to each other, just constituted a complete curve cutting route as remainder.
11. the recognition methods of handwritten text line character according to claim 8 is characterized in that:
Among the described step S60, adopt following method to carry out the adhesion character cutting:
Step 610: in the adhesion character, the boundary position of each character is estimated according to its histogram projection;
Step 620: for the rough position of adhesion character public boundary, find out a histogram peak point respectively from its left and right sides, the value of this point is greater than histogrammic average peak, and the public boundary of the most close adhesion character; Think near the center of this peak point corresponding to character; Between above-mentioned two peak points, find out a histogram valley point, the value of this point is less than histogrammic average valley, and the public boundary of close character; Think the definite position of this valley point corresponding to adhesion character public boundary;
Step 630: the adhesion character is carried out the character thinning processing; On refined image, find out the stroke of above-mentioned valley point position, they may comprise the adhesion point; Crunode on these strokes and angle point all are recorded as the adhesion point;
Step 640: the adhesion character is split in the punishment of adhesion point, they are become overlapping character; Wherein, the division of adhesion character is carried out as follows: be in the m*m pixel region at center with the adhesion point, image pixel all is changed to the second type pixel, the expression background pixel; Wherein, m is for setting numerical value;
Step 650: the method according to counterweight reduplicated word symbol is carried out cutting to character;
Step 660: the cutting route that produces according to step 650 is superimposed upon on the image of former adhesion character, and image is carried out cutting.
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CN113936181A (en) * | 2021-08-01 | 2022-01-14 | 北京工业大学 | Method for identifying adhered handwritten English characters |
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