CN102154811A - Microfibrillar process of fiber cloth and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Microfibrillar process of fiber cloth and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102154811A CN102154811A CN 201010120052 CN201010120052A CN102154811A CN 102154811 A CN102154811 A CN 102154811A CN 201010120052 CN201010120052 CN 201010120052 CN 201010120052 A CN201010120052 A CN 201010120052A CN 102154811 A CN102154811 A CN 102154811A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a microfibrillar process of fiber cloth and a manufacturing method thereof. The microfibrillar process of fiber cloth comprises the following steps of: supplying raw material cloth weaved by polyester fiber yarn, soaking the raw material cloth in alkali liquor with the concentration of 3% to 7%, heating the alkali liquor to 100 to 130 DEG C and staying warm for 0.5 to 2.5 hours; separating the soaked raw material cloth from the alkali liquor, and washing the soaked raw material cloth with clear water; and finally obtaining microfibrillar cloth. The manufacturing method of the fiber cloth comprises the following steps of: carrying out dye processing on the microfibrillar cloth; carrying out rear-section processing on the microfibrillar cloth, and obtaining the microfibrillar cloth. As long as the polyester fiber with low cost is processed by a microfibrillar process, the polyester fiber can lead the microfibrillar cloth to have the effects including good water absorption and wind combination characteristics of a special section veil with high cost or the microfibrillar cloth coated with an expensive hygroscopic agent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fibrillation technology (technology or be called processing procedure) of fiber cloth, particularly relate to a kind of use obtains easily, price is suitable polyester fibers kind present have good suction, fibrillation technology that wind closes and the preparation method of fiber cloth.
Background technology
Along with economic, social development, people no longer just have the effect that body is gone to a winter resort that hides for the definition of clothing, but for the quality of clothing and functional higher requirement arranged, for example water imbibition, water proofing property, perspire, gas permeability, bulking intensity, warming ability etc., for allowing different clothings reach different functions, fabric must pass through special processed, just can reach to want the purpose reached.
In general, make fabric have good suction, wind closes characteristic, reaching quick moisture absorbing and sweat releasing, good, the light-weighted effect of feel, present mode is by using the section yarn to weave or the coating hygroscopic agent reaches above effect on fabric.The section yarn has good water absorption character (comprising moisture absorption, siphonic effect, diffusion effect etc.), wind closes characteristic (comprising feel, sense of touch), therefore have functional, so be the emphasis of many chemical fibre factories active development.For example to announce the M257123 patent be exactly that the characteristic of utilizing the adsorptivity of section yarn and having a pore forms the heat dissipation region that presents soft shape to TaiWan, China.
Yet the cost height of section yarn and hygroscopic agent so by section yarn or the made fabric of coating hygroscopic agent, though can reach above-mentioned functions, can't reduce cost or promote profit, causes the burden of producing dealer and consumer.
Summary of the invention
Therefore the inventor does not meet economic benefit in view of the section yarn that uses at present and the cost height of hygroscopic agent, so through long term studies and continuous test, the fibrillation technology of inventing out this fiber cloth finally.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind ofly obtain easily, the suitable polyester fibers kind of price present have good suction, fibrillation technology that wind closes characteristic and the preparation method of fiber cloth.
The object of the invention to solve the technical problems realizes by the following technical solutions.According to the present invention propose fibrillation technology, it may further comprise the steps: provide one with the woven raw material cloth of polyester fibers; To be soaked in concentration be in 3% to 7% the alkali lye and impose and roll or stir with this raw material cloth, alkali lye is heated to 100 ℃-130 ℃, and held warm 0.5-2.5 hour; Raw material cloth after soaking is separated with alkali lye, and wash with clear water; Acquisition is through the cloth of fibrillation.
The object of the invention to solve the technical problems also can be applied to the following technical measures to achieve further.
The fibrillation technology of aforesaid fiber cloth, wherein, above-mentionedly provide one to comprise that with the woven raw material cloth of polyester fibers a design procedure, weaves pre-treatment step, and weave step and obtain this step with the woven raw material cloth of polyester fibers, this design procedure comprise according to the desired specification of the cloth through fibrillation that is obtained be multiplied by 1.1-1.3 coefficient, with warp thread and the weft yarn of selecting to form by polyester fibers; This is weaved pre-treatment step and comprises warping step, sizing step, the step of gaiting or its combination, and weaving step via this more afterwards should be with the woven raw material cloth of polyester fibers with acquisition.
The fibrillation technology of aforesaid fiber cloth, wherein, this polyester fibers is selected from the group that is made up of the former drawn work of polyester, tPolyester Textured Yarn, the twisted filament of polyester gas, polyester staple fibers yarn and combination thereof.
The fibrillation technology of aforesaid fiber cloth, wherein, this raw material cloth is with clear water washing 0.5-1 hour with after alkali lye separates.
The object of the invention to solve the technical problems also realizes by the following technical solutions.The preparation method of a kind of fiber cloth that proposes according to the present invention, it may further comprise the steps: the cloth that above-mentioned fibrillation is provided; The cloth of this fibrillation dyed decide processing, comprise the cloth of this this fibrillation temperature in 100 ℃ to 130 ℃ is dyeed; The cloth of this fibrillation is carried out back segment processing, comprise press polish step, stamp step or its combination; Obtain this fiber cloth.
The object of the invention to solve the technical problems also can be applied to the following technical measures to achieve further.
The preparation method of aforesaid fiber cloth, wherein, this press polish step is the calendaring technology that the cloth of the fibrillation after the dyeing is carried out the 90-150 degree.
The preparation method of aforesaid fiber cloth, wherein, this stamp step is to be to carry out the single or double stamp under 180 ℃ to 210 ℃ the temperature in temperature with the cloth of fibrillation after the dyeing.
The fiber cloth that manufacturing of the present invention is come out is to be weaved with tatting by most polyester fibers to form, these polyester fibers comprise warp fiber and weft fiber, wherein have a space between two warp fiber and two weft fibers, the area in this space is 0.0170-0.0190 square millimeter (mm
2); And single fiber has most holes, and hole ratio be 16.7% to 24%.
By technique scheme, fibrillation technology of fiber cloth of the present invention and preparation method thereof has following advantage and beneficial effect at least:
One, the present invention can allow polyester fibers form the structure of many micropores by fibrillation technology, make the characteristic that has permanent ventilative rapid-curing cutback through the cloth of microfiberization, and raw material cloth can make through the warp thread of the cloth of microfiberization, gap increase between the weft yarn because of the fiber upgrading after fibrillation technology, and single fiber presents most holes, and the promotion air permeable effect, and the fiber cloth of producing also has above-mentioned feature, so the fiber cloth that comes out of made has the characteristic that good suction, wind are closed.
Two, the present invention be utilization obtains easily, price is suitable polyester fibers as raw material, and need not use expensive section yarn, also need not be coated with expensive hygroscopic agent, so can reduce cost, reduce production dealer and consumer's burden.
Three, raw material cloth of the present invention was handled via fibrillation, make and produce porous at single fiber itself, fiber spreads and dry area and increase, and the void area between the fiber of whole cloth (yarn) improves, and makes the rapid-curing cutback and the airing function that utilize the made fiber cloth of the present invention to have permanent excellence.
Above-mentioned explanation only is the general introduction of technical solution of the present invention, for can clearer understanding technological means of the present invention, and can be implemented according to the content of specification, and for above-mentioned and other purposes, feature and advantage of the present invention can be become apparent, below especially exemplified by preferred embodiment, and conjunction with figs., be described in detail as follows.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the manufacturing flow chart of the preparation method of fiber cloth of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram through the fiber cloth of the preparation method manufacturing of fiber cloth of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of single fiber in the fiber cloth that the preparation method of fiber cloth of the present invention is made.
Fig. 4 is the micro-photograph of weft fiber in the fiber cloth that the preparation method of fiber cloth of the present invention is made.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is the schematic perspective view of Fig. 4.
Fig. 7 is the micro-photograph through the fiber cloth of the preparation method manufacturing of fiber cloth of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the micro-photograph of existing fiber cloth.
Fig. 9 is that the single fiber of fiber cloth is through fibrillation step first being processed and micro-photograph afterwards.
(a) design procedure (b) is weaved pre-treatment step
(c) weave step (d) fibrillation step
(e) obtaining cloth (f) through fibrillation dyes and decides procedure of processing
(g) back segment procedure of processing (h) obtains fiber cloth
(10) warp fiber (11) hole
(20) weft fiber (30) space
The specific embodiment
Reach technological means and the effect that predetermined goal of the invention is taked for further setting forth the present invention, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and preferred embodiment, the fibrillation technology of the fiber cloth that foundation the present invention is proposed and preparation method thereof its specific embodiment, structure, step, feature and effect thereof, describe in detail as after.
Therefore the invention relates to the weaving industry, is the definition of the proper noun that occurs of the present invention below.
" design procedure " described herein is meant must draft desired tissue of finished fabric and integral thickness through red Buddhist nun's number of weft yarn or cloth earlier before woven cloth, after setting is finished, select for use must be multiplied by 1.1～1.3 coefficient on the specification of warp thread and weft yarn for back segment processing impairment.
" weaving " described herein is meant that weaving the standard of complying with design originally weaves, the purpose of tissue design is to allow finished fabric that better sense of touch and various required function can be arranged, and its general flow process is warping, sizing, gait and looming weaving forms semi-finished product cloth.
Warping: according to the fabric width of cloth kind and organize requirement, with the required warp thread number of fabric, roll up on warp shaft, so that carry out sizing (starching) work.
Sizing: make warp sizing warp thread and parts friction when avoiding weaving cotton cloth damaged and cause filoplume or broken yarn, the sizing engineering also has and the purpose of warp in addition, and soon several warp thread through axle are incorporated on the beam of a loom to reach required warp thread number.
Gait: before the machine, every warp thread must be passed menopause tablet on the beam of a loom, required parts when looms such as heald and reed are weaved.
" dye and decide processing " described herein be meant at the processing of dyeing of design material, but note temperature control, avoids having influence on because temperature controls improper the feel and the COLOR FASTNESS of cloth itself; Aspect typing, note and to add the water-sprinkling processing aid.
" back segment processing " described herein is to belong to selectivity processing, needs to finish whole procedure according to the selected back segment processing technology of design specification, and it includes:
Press polish: the finished fabric after will dyeing carries out calendaring technology, can effectively increase feel and deflection.
Stamp: carry out stamp according to design specification at the single or double of cloth, the stamp temperature need be controlled proper." the former drawn work of polyester " described herein is meant the yarn of being extracted out by petchem, and there is no the follow-up processed of special process.
" tPolyester Textured Yarn (polyester draw-textured yarn; poly DTY) " described herein is meant draw textured yarn (DTY), claims the processing silk again, is to utilize part to extend silk (POY) as precursor, carry out the Drawing and false twisting deformation processing technique, generally have specific elasticity and shrinkage.
" twisted filament of polyester gas (polyester ai r-textured yarn, poly ATY) " described herein is meant and utilizes air-jet method to make the aerojet technology carry out interlacing processing to tow, form irregular kink wire ring, makes tow have the yarn of fluffy looped pile shape.Textured yarn after its characteristic is to process has the two performance of long filament and staple fibre yarn concurrently, and the feel of wool is strong, good hand touch, spreadability are better than staple fibre yarn.
After said it " polyester staple fibers yarn (spun polyes ter, poly spun " is meant and becomes short fiber by the polyester long fiber through crush cutting, again through the resulting yarn of spinning engineering.
Seeing also shown in Figure 1ly, is the manufacturing flow chart of the preparation method of fiber cloth of the present invention.The preparation method of fiber cloth of the present invention, it may further comprise the steps:
Design procedure (a), comprise the coefficient that is multiplied by 1.1-1.3 according to the desired specification of the cloth through fibrillation that is obtained, with warp thread and the weft yarn selecting to be made up of polyester fibers, this polyester fibers is to be selected from the group that is made up of the former drawn work of polyester, tPolyester Textured Yarn, the twisted filament of polyester vapour, polyester staple fibers yarn and combination thereof;
Weave pre-treatment step (b), warp thread of being made up of polyester fibers and weft yarn are through the step of warping step, sizing step, the step of gaiting or its combination;
Weave step (c): will be through the warp thread of weaving pre-treatment and weft yarn looming weaving to obtain with the woven raw material cloth of polyester fibers;
Fibrillation step (d): comprise that to be soaked in concentration be in 3% to 7% the alkali lye and impose and roll or stir with this raw material cloth, alkali lye is heated to 100 ℃-130 ℃, and held warm 0.5-2.5 hour; Raw material cloth after soaking is separated with alkali lye, and with clear water washing 0.5-1 hour; To obtain cloth (e) through fibrillation;
Dye and decide procedure of processing (f): comprising that cloth to this fibrillation dyes decides processing, comprises this is dyeed through the cloth of the fibrillation temperature in 100 ℃ to 130 ℃;
Back segment procedure of processing (g): comprise that the cloth with this fibrillation carries out back segment processing, comprise the press polish step of carrying out the 90-150 degree, be stamp step or its combination of carrying out single or double under 180 ℃ to 210 ℃ the temperature in temperature, to obtain fiber cloth (h).
Seeing also shown in Figure 2ly, is the schematic diagram of the fiber cloth made through the preparation method of fiber cloth of the present invention.Warp fiber of this fiber cloth (10) and weft fiber (20) wherein have a space (30) between two warp fiber (10) and two weft fibers (20), and the area of this space (30) is 0.0170-0.0190 square millimeter (mm
2); And single fiber (Fig. 3 is an example with warp fiber (10)) has most holes (11), and hole ratio is 16.7% to 24%.
See also Fig. 4, it is the microphotogram of single weft fiber of the present invention (20), and single fiber photo (microscopical type is with the multiplying power parameter) as shown in Table 1; Additional again consulting shown in figure five and the figure six, when calculating hole ratio, observe single area (A in the semicircular body, be 29.7 μ m*21.8 μ m as shown in this embodiment) the hole number, as present embodiment is two holes, area is respectively a 1 and a2, and the hole area ratio that is comprised under the unit of account area can calculate hole ratio afterwards.
Table one
| The microscopical type of ANS | PoToP |
| Eyepiece | WF10X |
| Object lens | DIN?40X(S)/N.A.＝0.65 |
| Camera lens | " COLOR CAMERA adds the X2 camera lens to sony SSC-DC50A 1/2 |
| The visualization multiplying power | 800X |
Embodiment
Embodiment one: the preparation method of fiber cloth
A. design procedure
Earlier the finished product cloth is set at summer and uses cloth, so the red Buddhist nun's number of yarn is selected the interval about about 90～110D (50～60) greatly, interval for use; In the present embodiment, be with finished product 100D, calculate through the required yarn POLY series yarn kind that is about 130D (40) of selecting for use of weft yarn with fibrillation 30%; After the selected yarn kind, tissue carries out follow-up weaving with general plain weave and twill earlier; Set the colour system of exploitation color afterwards again.
B. weave pre-treatment step
Above-mentioned selected good warp thread and weft yarn are carried out warping processing according to normal procedure (warping → sizing → gait).
C. weave step
Weave processing according to above-mentioned design organization, be processed into semi-finished product cloth by looming weaving.
Need be appreciated that, above-mentioned all processes there is no setting needs special machine or factory plate model, all can finish for general complete whole or portion puts in order factory as warping and sizing, gait for the people for gaiting or board is gaited automatically and all can, last machine adopts the artificial machine of going up, weaving process does not have specific any model board, so wind loom or water loom all can be carried out.
D. fibrillation procedure
Setting fibrillation solution earlier is that concentration is 6% sodium hydroxid, and the cloth of weaving is carried out destarch and fibrillation processing; Set the fibrillation solution temperature at 100 ℃, after the liquid temperature reaches, pick up counting and carry out destarch and fibrillation program; Carried out time set 2 hours, and after the time arrives, fibrillation solution was replaced by the work that clear water washs, dilutes and carried out approximately 1 hour, can obtain cloth through fibrillation.
E. dye and decide processing
At first will carry out the dyeing processing of normal POLY series according to setpoint color through the cloth of fibrillation; Afterwards according to setting the typing processing that fabric width carries out normal POLY series.
The typing processing of above-mentioned normal POLY series comprises that the cloth that will be somebody's turn to do earlier through fibrillation is clean, to be somebody's turn to do through the cloth of fibrillation again and put into dye vat, its temperature is set at 100-130 ℃, and when being warming up to about 60 ℃ with the stain input, continue to be warming up to original setting again 100-130 ℃, hold cooling and cleaning after warm continuous dyeing 15-50 minute, and dry, typing, promptly finish to dye and decide procedure.
F. back segment procedure
The cloth through fibrillation that dyeing is finished carries out press polish processing according to former imposing a condition, and carries out back segment with 90 degree press polish and processes the technology of finishing entire cloth; Carry out stamp according to design again and handle, require to carry out the press polish engineering, and obtain fiber cloth with 210 degree.
Embodiment two: test and comparison
Present embodiment is that the fiber cloth through fibrillation technology among the embodiment one is carried out the test of diffusivity and drying capacity, wherein diffusivity is with drip in 1 centimetre of high place of distance cloth cover 0.05 milliliter water of dropper, measures wetted surface after 1 minute; The test of drying capacity is that the water with 0.05 milliliter (ml) splashes into cloth cover, calculates from splashing into cloth cover to the dry required time.The result of test is presented in table two:
Table two test result
| Diffusivity (cm 2/min) | Drying capacity (min) | |
| Polyester fiber cloth through the fibrillation processing procedure | 39 | ?3.0 |
| Polyester fiber cloth without the fibrillation processing procedure | 25 | ?3.5 |
See also shown in Figure 7ly, the foregoing description is observed through microscope (with the described microscope of table one), and multiplying power is 200 times, and the void area that can be observed the foregoing description one prepared fiber cloth is about 0.0170-0.0190mm
2See also shown in Figure 8ly again, generally the void area without the fiber cloth of fibrillation technology then is about 0.0070-0.0090mm
2So the permanent rapid-curing cutback Ventilate cloth of this case has the void area of increase really, increase gas permeability.
See also shown in Figure 9ly again, via microfiber metallization processes of the present invention, the single fiber of fiber cloth presents equally distributed most hole, so can promote air permeable effect, allows fiber cloth present the characteristic that good suction, wind are closed.
The embodiment of the invention is pointed out, handles to allow the single fiber area produce porous really by fibrillation, and increases fiber diffusion and dry area.In the fibrillation process, also can allow the space between the broadwise fiber increase in addition, make cloth have the rapid-curing cutback and the airing function of permanent excellence.
So polyester fibers is as long as just can make cloth through microfiberization present the effect that expensive section yarn or the hygroscopic agent through being coated with costliness just can reach through fibrillation technology of the present invention cheaply, comprise characteristic that good suction, wind close etc., therefore the present invention can reduce cost really, reduces the burden of producing dealer and consumer.
The above, it only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not that the present invention is done any pro forma restriction, though the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment, yet be not in order to limit the present invention, any those skilled in the art, in not breaking away from the technical solution of the present invention scope, when the method that can utilize above-mentioned announcement and technology contents are made a little change or be modified to the equivalent embodiment of equivalent variations, in every case be the content that does not break away from technical solution of the present invention, according to technical spirit of the present invention to any simple modification that above embodiment did, equivalent variations and modification all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the fibrillation technology of a fiber cloth is characterized in that it may further comprise the steps:
Provide one with the woven raw material cloth of polyester fibers;
To be soaked in concentration be in 3% to 7% the alkali lye and impose and roll or stir with this raw material cloth, alkali lye is heated to 100 ℃-130 ℃, and held warm 0.5-2.5 hour;
Raw material cloth after soaking is separated with alkali lye, and wash with clear water;
Acquisition is through the cloth of fibrillation.
2. the fibrillation Process of fiber cloth according to claim 1, it is characterized in that wherein saidly providing one to comprise that with the woven raw material cloth of polyester fibers a design procedure, weaves pre-treatment step, and weave step and obtain this step with the woven raw material cloth of polyester fibers, this design procedure comprises the coefficient that is multiplied by 1.1-1.3 according to the desired specification of the cloth through fibrillation that is obtained, with warp thread and the weft yarn of selecting to be made up of polyester fibers; This weaves pre-treatment step is to comprise warping step, sizing step, the step of gaiting or its combination, and weaving step via this more afterwards should be with the woven raw material cloth of polyester fibers with acquisition.
3. the fibrillation technology of fiber cloth according to claim 1 is characterized in that wherein said polyester fibers is selected from the group that is made up of the former drawn work of polyester, tPolyester Textured Yarn, the twisted filament of polyester vapour, polyester staple fibers yarn and combination thereof.
4. the fibrillation technology of fiber cloth according to claim 2 is characterized in that wherein said polyester fibers is selected from the group that is made up of the former drawn work of polyester, tPolyester Textured Yarn, the twisted filament of polyester vapour, polyester staple fibers yarn and combination thereof.
5. according to the fibrillation technology of the described fiber cloth of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 4, after it is characterized in that wherein said raw material cloth and alkali lye separating, be with clear water washing 0.5-1 hour.
6. the preparation method of a fiber cloth is characterized in that it may further comprise the steps:
Cloth as the described fibrillation of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 5 is provided;
The cloth of this fibrillation dyed decide processing, comprise the cloth of this fibrillation temperature in 100 ℃ to 130 ℃ is dyeed;
The cloth of this fibrillation is carried out back segment processing, comprise press polish step, stamp step or its combination;
Obtain this fiber cloth.
7. the preparation method of fiber cloth according to claim 6 is characterized in that wherein said press polish step is the calendaring technology that the cloth of the fibrillation after the dyeing is carried out the 90-150 degree.
8. according to the preparation method of claim 6 or 7 described fiber cloths, it is characterized in that wherein said stamp step is that cloth with the fibrillation after the dyeing is to carry out the single or double stamp under 180 ℃ to 210 ℃ the temperature in temperature.
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| CN 201010120052 CN102154811A (en) | 2010-02-12 | 2010-02-12 | Microfibrillar process of fiber cloth and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN 201010120052 CN102154811A (en) | 2010-02-12 | 2010-02-12 | Microfibrillar process of fiber cloth and manufacturing method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102505259A (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2012-06-20 | 常熟市梅李镇宾理服饰制衣厂 | Fiber cloth and fabricating method thereof |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS55142765A (en) * | 1979-04-26 | 1980-11-07 | Santo Tekkosho Kk | Alkali weight reducing process of polyester fiber fabric |
| JPS5637332A (en) * | 1979-09-04 | 1981-04-11 | Toray Industries | Polyester fiber fabric |
| JP2003306831A (en) * | 2002-04-10 | 2003-10-31 | Nippon Ester Co Ltd | Hygroscopic polyester fiber |
| CN1986951A (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2007-06-27 | 金根苗 | Dyeing and finishing process for wet absorptive quick drying polyester fiber fabric |
-
2010
- 2010-02-12 CN CN 201010120052 patent/CN102154811A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS55142765A (en) * | 1979-04-26 | 1980-11-07 | Santo Tekkosho Kk | Alkali weight reducing process of polyester fiber fabric |
| JPS5637332A (en) * | 1979-09-04 | 1981-04-11 | Toray Industries | Polyester fiber fabric |
| JP2003306831A (en) * | 2002-04-10 | 2003-10-31 | Nippon Ester Co Ltd | Hygroscopic polyester fiber |
| CN1986951A (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2007-06-27 | 金根苗 | Dyeing and finishing process for wet absorptive quick drying polyester fiber fabric |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102505259A (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2012-06-20 | 常熟市梅李镇宾理服饰制衣厂 | Fiber cloth and fabricating method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20110817 |