CN102152009A - Quick and high-precision method for manufacturing layered modular die based on laser combination processing technology - Google Patents
Quick and high-precision method for manufacturing layered modular die based on laser combination processing technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN102152009A CN102152009A CN2010106044946A CN201010604494A CN102152009A CN 102152009 A CN102152009 A CN 102152009A CN 2010106044946 A CN2010106044946 A CN 2010106044946A CN 201010604494 A CN201010604494 A CN 201010604494A CN 102152009 A CN102152009 A CN 102152009A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a quick and high-precision method for manufacturing a layered modular automotive panel die based on a laser combination processing technology. In the method, the quick and high-precision manufacturing for the automotive panel die is realized by mainly using a laser cutting processing technology and secondarily using a laser surface strengthening and cladding technology in combination with a layered modular die structure design method, so a quick and economic technology supporting measure is provided for trial-manufacturing of sample automobiles and panel dies during novel automobile type development. The method comprises the following processes of layering and cutting the die, positioning and connecting a modular combination, strengthening and cladding the laser surface and the like so as to finally form the layered modular automotive panel die on a partial key part; the material is in a functional gradient distribution from outside to inside; and the various structural layers have different mechanical performance and functions, so the whole performance requirement of the die can be guaranteed, the process is simplified and the cost is reduced. By the method, samples can be provided for trial-manufacturing of 200 sample automobiles; at the same time, sufficiently reliable experimentally checked design data can be provided for steel dies for normal production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the advanced manufacturing technology field, relate to rapid tooling manufacturing method, particularly the method for fast mfg of the car panel die of computer graphics, laser cutting, laser surface intensified and cladding laser surfaces technology.
Background technology
So-called fast mould manufacturing technology is for the car panel die that present scale is produced in enormous quantities; its exemplary fabrication process mainly comprises: many long periods such as rough-cast, line cutting, electric spark, CNC processing, heat treatment, expensive machining process; and need possess the large-scale complete specialized technological equipment that adapts with technical process; the cost of equipment height has high input and organization of production and complex management.Fast mould (or claiming simple die) generally has the characteristics that the manufacturing cycle is short, cost is low, is applicable to trial production of new products or small lot batch manufacture.The manufacture method that in the past was usually used in the automobile panel simple die mainly contains: low-melting-point alloy die, zinc base alloy die, epoxy resin mould etc.These methods have all obtained using preferably in actual engineering, but still there is certain shortcoming, low-melting-point alloy die need be at special casting technique equipment, moulding by casting in prefabricated die cavity, also need necessary processing to guarantee mould and die accuracy, complex technical process is not suitable for the new model exploitation; The zinc base alloy die pouring temperature generally more than 400 ℃, is had relatively high expectations to pouring technology and model, generally only is used for making stamping cavity die; The epoxy resin mould manufacture craft is simple relatively, but is subjected to the restriction of material self rerum natura, and the intensity of mould, surface abrasion resistance are poor slightly.At the problems referred to above, having proposed electric arc spraying stamping die of automotive covering part method for fast mfg in the CN03134500.X patent is a kind of typical replication method, needs multiple different back lining materials, realizes also relative complex of technology for realizing gradient function distribution section.
The present invention proposes the quick high-precision manufacture method based on laser combination process technology delamination modularization mould, have following characteristics: 1) laser of unification combination processing technology can be finished the mould preparation, equipment needed thereby is single, moulding cycle is short, cost is low, be particularly suitable for new product development and small lot batch manufacture, meet the market competition demand that car industry is growing more intense; 2) fast mould of this method manufacturing only adopts common iron to make, and the single and easy recovery of material has embodied near clean shape and the environment protection requirement in the advanced manufacturing technology; 3) based on the computer graphics principle mould being carried out the layering discretization along specific direction handles, utilize laser cutting technique to realize the quick manufacturing of mould, can improve and improve adaptive while by interlayer thickening degree method for designing to die face and size, both can improve mould and make efficient, and can guarantee the profile precision of mould again; 4) can carry out surface heat to key positions such as die points based on laser surface hardening technology handles, can realize that material property from outward appearance to inner essence is functionally gradient and divides cloth on the mould section, be that die surface intensity is high and wear-resisting, mould inside has the matrix of certain impact flexibility; 5) can repair by the cladding laser surfaces method mould local profile details, can solve the wear problem in the mould use preferably; 6) the mold production process process simply is easy to the implementation procedure automation, and equipment is single to be easy to production management; 7) mould parts after the serializing level decomposes, a need can be realized combined and spliced through bolt, the mould assembling process is simple; 8) laser processing procedure carries out closed-loop control by the on-line monitoring of far infrared industry camera realization temperature and machining locus to the laser processing technology parameter, realizes the high accuracy processing of mould.
The quick high-precision manufacture method based on laser combination process technology delamination modularization mould that the present invention proposes relates generally to computer graphics, laser cutting, laser surface intensified and cladding laser surfaces scheduling theory basis and background technology.
Computer graphics can realize the structure of mould three-dimensional CAD digital-to-analogue by the common CAD software of maturation, can realize that by Special CAD and CAM software systems that the present invention developed mould is along the series of discreteization on the specific direction towards the delamination modularization mould structure, and with the novel die structure that layering processing and assembling adapt, must consider layer with layer between location and annexation.Propose to guarantee dimensional accuracy after the die assembly assembling by the present invention based on the functional dimension of computer graphics principle and combined tolerances backoff algorithm.But mould is finished delamination modularization design back system automatic blanking stock layout, and successively generates the laser head cutting movement track of 5DOF, requires the axis of laser head and profile to keep tangent to guarantee whole profile quality and precision.
Laser processing technology is the process technology of a class based on fuel factor, its basic process be with high-octane laser beam irradiation at surface to be machined, based on fuel factor, make workpiece heat up, melt or vaporization, to reach various processing purpose.Compare with thermal source with tradition processing, Laser Processing has a series of characteristics: 1) laser beam is easy to transmission, and its time characteristic and spatial distribution are controlled easily; 2) after the laser beam line focus, can obtain very thin hot spot, have high power density; 3) can heat fused or any material of vaporizing, can carry out the meticulous rapid processing of regional area; 4) process is little to the heat of workpiece input, and heat affected area and thermal deformation are little; 5) sheet material only needs clamping once, can finish whole blanking stock layout processing, the working (machining) efficiency height; 6) realize automation easily.Along with the progress of Laser Devices and process technology, the application scale of laser processing technology is expanded rapidly.
Laser cutting technique is to utilize lens that laser is focused to surface of the work, forms the hot spot of about a 0.1～0.5mm of diameter, realizes that high power density is with fusing or vaporization workpiece material.Meanwhile, one is sprayed by laser head with the coaxial air-flow of light beam, and the material of above-mentioned fusing of incision or vaporization is blown out.Relative motion generation otch along with laser head and workpiece.This air-flow also has cooling to cut the surface, reduces the heat affected area and guarantees the not contaminated effect of condenser lens.
Laser surface hardening technology is to carry out surface peening by the phase transformation strengthening principle.At first utilize laser beam to do thermal source workpiece surface be heated to austenitizing temperature rapidly, subsequently the matrix material by high thermal conductivity with heat to the conduction of matrix deep, make processed superficial layer be exceedingly fast the speed cooling, obtain hardening constituent as martensite etc.Its objective is at surface of the work to form high-strength hardenability band, can make the surface produce the fatigue strength that compression improves workpiece simultaneously by the effect of expanding with heat and contract with cold of material with reduce wear.
Laser melting and coating technique is when utilizing the LASER HEATING matrix surface, to fuse into other alloy materials, alloy material and matrix is handled realized metallurgical binding, and the composition of its cladding layer, thickness and the direction of growth can be controlled by the laser processing technology parameter.This technology can obtain and matrix material disparate surfaces alloy-layer, to reach the purpose of wear resistant corrosion resistant.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is based on delamination modularization Die CAD that the computer graphics principle realized that fully digitalization drives and CAM, employing based on laser cutting technique, auxiliary with laser surface intensified and cladding laser surfaces technology, a kind of quick high-precision manufacture method based on laser combination process technology delamination modularization mould is proposed, this method can be applied to various manufacturings field, and wherein the car panel die equipment manufacture is its most important applications field.
The quick high-precision manufacture method based on laser combination process technology delamination modularization mould that the present invention proposes is a kind of novel rapid die-manufacturing (RT:Rapid Tooling) method.It both had been different from the processing method that material in conventional traditional machining is subdued mode, also was different from rapid prototyping (RP:Rapid Prototyping) processing method of material stacked system simultaneously.The delamination modularization novel die structure that the present invention proposes can be described as the comprehensive of two class processing methods, it had both had embodies the material additive process that self-adaptation flexible is made in the RP method, also have the material that embodiment is made fast in the conventional processing method simultaneously and subdue process.Utilize quick high-precision die-manufacturing method mfg. moulding die of the present invention, compare with the manufacturing of orthodox car cladding member mold, the inventive method process-cycle on average can be reduced to about more than 1/30, and processing cost can be reduced to about more than 1/10.This shows, the inventive method be a kind of efficiently, rapid tooling manufacturing method cheaply.
The present invention is integrated different modern laser processing technology, the mould that makes final preparation is at local key position place, material from outward appearance to inner essence can present function gradient structure, each structure sheaf has different mechanical performances and effect, both guaranteed the overall performance requirement of mould, and simplified technology again, reduced cost.Laser Processing simultaneously also is a kind of environmentally friendly green manufacturing method, and whole process need not any cutting fluid, can realize clean pollution-free processing.Deficiency of the present invention is that the disposable input of present combined laser numerical control machining equipment is bigger, but takes with respect to the mould development in the automobile research and development, is complete acceptable.
The quick high-precision manufacture method based on laser combination process technology delamination modularization mould that the present invention proposes has made full use of modern CAD and CNC technology, has broken through the constraint of traditional moulds structure, it is characterized in that:
1) delamination modularization mould structure
At the delamination modularization mould structure that the present invention proposes, the spy has developed towards the Special CAD of delamination modularization mould structure and CAM software systems, and it mainly contains following four kinds of functions:
1. the automatic sequence discrete functionality of mould: the delamination modularization mould structure at first carries out the punch forming process analysis according to the structural requirement of automobile panel product, and the three-dimensional CAD digital-to-analogue of finishing mould is created, these software systems are carried out the series of discrete subdivision with complete continuous mould automatically along specific direction, again interlayer syndeton design is carried out in location between layer and the layer and annexation, its basic design process is the novel die structure of " close-minute-close ".System also can realize uniform thickness or not uniform thickness design according to die face curvature and blank sheet thickness Automatic Optimal layer thickness.
2. mould automatic blanking stock layout function: system can to step 1. in module after the layering carry out the automatic blanking stock layout, each is decomposed component module carry out the digital controlled tracing programming, and successively generate the laser head cutting movement track of 5DOF, require the axis of laser head and profile to keep tangent to guarantee whole profile quality and precision.
3. towards the combined error compensate function of Mould Machining and assembling: by the combined error backoff algorithm of realizing based on computer graphics, can carry out the allowance compensation to machining path according to laser cutting parameter, as the bight around laser cutting parameter etc.In addition, carry out the error correction compensation, can guarantee the dimensional accuracy after die assembly assembles according to the accumulation rigging error that the combined and spliced assembly technology of interlayer is produced.
4. virtual assembling verifying function: the delamination modularization mould that adopts virtual assembling mode that 1. step is created assembles verification, to guarantee die size and precision.
2) technological approaches of mould manufacturing mainly comprises:
1. different sheet thicknesses are carried out laser cutting process parameter test and definite;
2. the blank clamping is fixed, and according to the blanking layout project that system provides, the modularization part is carried out the digital control laser cutting processing;
3. with the part after serializing cutting integrated positioning successively be connected, and use bolting;
4. select according to different materials and determine the melanism processing mode, along key positions such as horizontal tool cutting edges suitable melanism is carried out on the blank material surface and handle, purpose is to improve the absorptivity of material for laser light.3. the key positions such as die point that middle splicing assembles to step carry out laser surface intensified or surface cladding is handled.
5. as can be known, the present invention only needs a multifunction combined digital control laser machining center can finish the processing and manufacturing of mould fast by above-mentioned processing route.If do not consider step Laser Surface Treatment technology 4., then the present invention has the advantages that equipment is single, material is single, technical process is single.Said process all carries out online real-time monitoring by far infrared industry camera to laser processing procedure, the quick height that the guarantees mould manufacturing of refining.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the technology path figure of " based on the quick high-precision manufacture method of laser combination process technology delamination modularization mould " of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that 5 coordinate numerical control laser group are closed the process technology principle schematic among the present invention.
Fig. 3 is die-cut of the present invention and combined and spliced schematic diagram, and wherein (1)～(8) are the submodule after the mould layering, and (9) are the fixed connecting rod bolt assembly, can play hanger simultaneously and be beneficial to the carrying operation.
Fig. 4 is the mould schematic diagram of the present invention after combined and spliced.
The automatic nesting schematic diagram that Fig. 5 provides towards the Special CAD/CAM software systems of delamination modularization mould for the present invention, wherein (a) is layout project one, (b) is layout project two.
Fig. 6 is the material function gradient distributed architecture schematic diagram in the cross section, mould key position place of adopting the inventive method and making.
The specific embodiment
A kind of quick high-precision manufacture method that the present invention proposes based on laser combination process technology delamination modularization mould, made full use of modern CAD, realize delamination modularization Die CAD and CAM that fully digitalization drives, broken through the constraint of traditional moulds structure.Provide embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and inventor according to technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is done describing in further detail.
1) technological approaches of mould manufacturing
Referring to Fig. 1, the major technique approach that utilizes the present invention to carry out the quick high-precision manufacturing of diel is: 1. utilize Special CAD and the CAM software systems towards the delamination modularization mould structure provided by the invention that mould is carried out the processing of layering discretization, blanking stock layout and numerical control program establishment; 2. the blank clamping is fixed, and the blanking layout project after the optimization that provides according to system is carried out the digital control laser cutting processing to the modularization part as shown in Figure 5; 3. with the part after serializing cutting integrated positioning successively be connected, and use bolting; 4. carry out laser surface intensified to key positions such as die points or the surface cladding processing.
2) mold production process step explanation
1. machining accuracy
Referring to shown in Figure 2, the quick high-precision process of mould only needs multifunction combined 5 coordinate numerical control Laser Processing centers can finish whole mould manufacturings among the present invention, this machining center possesses laser cutting, laser surface intensified and three kinds of functions of cladding laser surfaces, wherein process adopts far infrared industry camera to carry out on-line monitoring, has guaranteed the quality and the precision of laser combination processing by real-time closed-loop control.
2. working (machining) efficiency
What influence mould manufacturing efficient of the present invention mainly is the laser processing technology parameter, mainly comprises: laser power, laser cutting or sweep speed, spot size or defocusing amount, material surface absorptivity, nozzle air current amount, powder sending quantity etc.Above-mentioned laser processing technology parameter need suitably be adjusted according to process conditions such as actual equipment condition and sotck thinknesses.
3. cutting stock
Utilize the Laser cutting technology to carry out the Numerical control cutting blanking, through repetition test, determine following technological parameter at thickness less than the carbon steel sheet of 5mm: the about 1.5～2KW of laser power, the about 1～2m/s of sweep speed, about 0.8～the 1.2Mpa of nozzle air current amount, the about 30～50mm of defocusing amount.
4. combined and spliced
As shown in Figure 3, the syndeton of the mould parts after the serializing level decomposes by particular design successively integrated positioning be connected, only need can realize combined and spliced through bolt, the mould assembling is simple with adjustment process;
5. surface treatment
Combined and spliced as shown in Figure 4 good mould, key positions such as its cutting edge are carried out necessary laser surface intensified or cladding to be handled, its processing procedure requires under the situation of not damaging focus lamp, and the axis of laser head keeps vertical with processed profile as far as possible, handles quality to guarantee die surface.Through repetition test, the laser surface intensified technique parameter should be controlled at 10 with power density
3～10
4W/cm
2, action time 0.01～0.5s.Cladding laser surfaces adopts coaxial synchronous powder feeding system mode to carry out cladding laser surfaces and handles, and the melting and coating process parameter should be controlled at 10 with power density
3～10
5W/cm
2, action time 0.1～1s.
6. the functionally gradient of material distributes
As shown in Figure 6, adopt above-mentioned technology, finally be formed on the mould cross section at key positions such as die points, material from outward appearance to inner essence is functionally gradient and distributes, and each structure sheaf has different mechanical performances and effect.Laser surface intensified processing can form high-strength hardenability band with reduce wear at die surface, can make the surface produce the fatigue strength that compression improves workpiece simultaneously by the effect of expanding with heat and contract with cold of material.In addition, laser melting and coating technique is can obtain and matrix material disparate surfaces alloy-layer, to reach the purpose of wear resistant corrosion resistant.Mould after surface treatment can significantly improve die life.
7. mould deposits, packs and transport
Unitary mould is after the delamination modularization that the inventive method proposes is handled, but mould its not only can integral body deposit, but also decomposition storage, reduced mold storing, packing and requirements on transport, when having made things convenient for mold storing, packing and transportation, also reduced its corresponding cost.
8. a kind of novel delamination modularization structure mold of the inventive method proposition is different with the overall structure mould, and the delamination modularization structure mold has changed its vibration and waited the dynamic response characteristic, has certain vibration insulation and noise reduction effect.
The inventive method mainly is the method for fast mfg that proposes at car panel die, but according to the basic principle of the inventive method, made mould also can be applied in the various different occasions that comprise automobile panel.In addition, this inventive method also is applicable to the delamination modularization rapid shaping manufacturing of other non-mould class parts simultaneously.
The inventive method adopts 5 coordinate numerical control laser group to close the main process equipment of machining center as mould, the laser cutting method of recommending except that the present invention in the cutting stock method, also can utilize technology such as plasma cutting or flame cutting method as an alternative.
Claims (6)
1. quick high-precision manufacture method based on laser combination process technology delamination modularization mould, realized delamination modularization Die CAD and the CAM that fully digitalization drives based on the computer graphics principle, with laser cutting technique is main manufacturing process, and in conjunction with laser surface hardening technology and cladding laser surfaces technology, realized the quick high-precision manufacturing of mould, finally be formed on the cross section of key positions such as die point, material from outward appearance to inner essence is functionally gradient and distributes, and each structure sheaf has different mechanical performances and effect.It is characterized in that:
1) delamination modularization mould structure
These software systems are carried out the series of discrete subdivision with complete continuous mould automatically along specific direction, again interlayer syndeton design are carried out in location between layer and the layer and annexation, and its basic design process is the novel die structure of " close-minute-close ".
2) combined laser process technology
1. utilize algorithm provided by the invention that mould is carried out AUTOMATIC ZONING and stock layout, adopt laser cutting technique cutting stock one by one, laser head axis and profile keep tangent in the digital controlled tracing;
2. to combined and spliced successively mould, carry out laser surface intensified or the cladding processing to key positions such as its cutting edges, its processing procedure requires under the situation of not damaging focus lamp, and the axis of laser head keeps vertical with processed profile as far as possible;
3. above-mentioned process adopts long-range infrared camera to carry out on-line monitoring, realizes the high fine finishining under the closed loop control in real time.
2. the quick high-precision manufacture method based on laser combination process technology delamination modularization mould as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described patented method is that to adopt 5 coordinate numerical control laser group to close machining center be main process equipment, the laser cutting method of in the cutting stock method, recommending, also can utilize methods such as plasma cutting or flame cutting to substitute except that this patent.
3. the quick high-precision manufacture method based on laser combination process technology delamination modularization mould as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described patented method mainly is the method for fast mfg at car panel die, but this patented method also is applicable to the delamination modularization rapid shaping manufacturing of other non-mould class parts simultaneously.
4. the quick high-precision manufacture method based on laser combination process technology delamination modularization mould as claimed in claim 1, after it is characterized in that the mould topical surface treatment, can form hardened layer or alloy-layer about thick about 1mm, strengthen the wearability and the corrosion resistance of mould, improved die life.
5. the quick high-precision manufacture method based on laser combination process technology delamination modularization mould as claimed in claim 1, after it is characterized in that the delamination modularization processing of mould, reduced mold storing, packing and requirements on transport, when making it convenient, also reduced its corresponding cost.
6. the quick high-precision manufacture method based on laser combination process technology delamination modularization mould as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that different with the overall structure mould, the delamination modularization structure mold has changed its vibration and has waited the dynamic response characteristic, has certain vibration insulation and noise reduction effect.
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| CN 201010604494 CN102152009B (en) | 2010-12-24 | 2010-12-24 | Quick and high-precision method for manufacturing layered modular die based on laser combination processing technology |
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| CN 201010604494 CN102152009B (en) | 2010-12-24 | 2010-12-24 | Quick and high-precision method for manufacturing layered modular die based on laser combination processing technology |
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| CN102152009A true CN102152009A (en) | 2011-08-17 |
| CN102152009B CN102152009B (en) | 2013-05-15 |
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| CN104668778A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-06-03 | 吉林大学 | Hot-working die surface multipoint combination type bionic machining device and strengthening repair method |
| CN104962904A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-10-07 | 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 | Composite processing molding method of metal blank |
| CN105436819A (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2016-03-30 | 中航商用航空发动机有限责任公司 | Processing method for metallic reinforced edges of aero-engine fan blades |
| CN105773072A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-07-20 | 北京航科精机科技有限公司 | Method for additive manufacturing of complex metal part through sheet layer overlaying |
| WO2018103075A1 (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2018-06-14 | 冯庆柱 | Cmt-based metal welding forming system and method |
| CN114453504A (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2022-05-10 | 保定市精工汽车模具技术有限公司 | Preparation method of cutting edge of stamping die |
| CN114565168A (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2022-05-31 | 广东工业大学 | Stock layout blanking method and system for rectangular plate with defects |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105436819A (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2016-03-30 | 中航商用航空发动机有限责任公司 | Processing method for metallic reinforced edges of aero-engine fan blades |
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| CN104668778A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-06-03 | 吉林大学 | Hot-working die surface multipoint combination type bionic machining device and strengthening repair method |
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| WO2018103075A1 (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2018-06-14 | 冯庆柱 | Cmt-based metal welding forming system and method |
| CN114565168A (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2022-05-31 | 广东工业大学 | Stock layout blanking method and system for rectangular plate with defects |
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| CN114453504A (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2022-05-10 | 保定市精工汽车模具技术有限公司 | Preparation method of cutting edge of stamping die |
| CN114453504B (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2022-07-12 | 保定市精工汽车模具技术有限公司 | Preparation method of cutting edge of stamping die |
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| CN102152009B (en) | 2013-05-15 |
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