CN102148796B

CN102148796B - Method for sending and receiving data bit streams by using 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation, sending device and receiving device

Info

Publication number: CN102148796B
Application number: CN2011100324416A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 亚历山大·戈利奇克埃德勒冯埃尔布沃特; 克里斯琴·温格特; 吉井勇
Original assignee: Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Current assignee: InterDigital Patent Holdings Inc
Priority date: 2005-05-04
Filing date: 2005-05-04
Publication date: 2012-07-25
Anticipated expiration: 2025-05-04
Also published as: CN102148796A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for sending and receiving data bit streams by using a 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation in a communication system and also provides a sending device and a receiving device for implementing the method. For the purpose of improving bit error rate performance of the system in which the 16-QAM constellation is used, a 16-QAM constellation with specially selected mapping rules is rearranged with especially different versions of constellations for creating the 16-QAM constellation for use. In addition, the data streams are sent by adopting obtained different versions of diversity schemes of the 16-QAM constellation in accordance with the mapping rules and rearrangement rules defined by the invention.

Description

Use 16-QAM constellation transmit and receive data method, dispensing device and the receiving system of bit stream

The application be that May 4, application number in 2005 are 200580050939.8 the applying date, denomination of invention divides an application for the application for a patent for invention of " adopting the transfer of data in the GSM of branch collection and constellation rearrangement of 16 QAM schemes ".

Technical field

The application relates to the transmit and receive data method of bit stream of the communication system that is used in the branch collection rearrangement of using 16-QAM constellation and 16-QAM constellation.In addition, a kind of device that is used to carry out this method is provided.

Background technology

16-QAM

16-QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) be for example such as UMTS or CDMA2000 based on the GSM of IMT 2000 in habitual digital modulation scheme.Usually illustrating therein in the complex signal space (complex signal space) of 16-QAM constellation, (distinct point) limits 16 modulated symbols through particular point.16-QAM code element of each some expression in these points.

For binary information transmission systems, can use four different bits to confirm a code element in the existing 16-QAM code element.Therefore, a 16-QAM code element is formed (perhaps can be shown by a word table) by 4 bits, and is represented by a complex values in the complex plane.Usually, the complex values of modulated symbol can be represented by its flute card homophase and quadrature component (I and Q component) with respect to corresponding I axle in the complex plane and Q axle.These axles also are divided into four quadrants with complex plane.Modulated symbol expression through its real part and imaginary part in complex plane is equivalent to its polar coordinates component (polar components), the i.e. expression of radius and angle.

In order to understand the present invention better, suppose a specific 16-QAM symbol constellations here, wherein, the signaling point of arranging in the quadrant of complex plane makes them in two orthogonal directions of signal space, form 4 square.Therefore, such mapping is known as square (square) 16-QAM or lattice shape (lattice) 16-QAM.Two examples in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, have been provided.

The present invention supposes to use square 16-QAM to shine upon to arrange the 16-QAM code element.To those skilled in the art, obviously for each the 16-QAM constellation shown in for example Fig. 2, can select the axle of complex plane to make that the 16-QAM constellation of process rotation can be as shown in Figure 1 through rotation.

Usually, so-called Gray (Gray) mapping is used to 16 modulated symbols in the 16-QAM constellation are associated with four bits that are mapped to respective symbol.According to this Gray mapping scheme, the adjacent modulation symbols in level or the vertical direction is only different in a bit.

16-QAM subset division (subset partitioning)

Usually, the code-element set in the constellation can be divided into subclass with the logical value corresponding symbol region of definition with certain bit.Because 4 bits are correlated with for the 16-QAM constellation, so have four sub-set, every bit one sub-set.Each subclass can also further be divided into respective subset in corresponding two symbol region of two logical values of each bit.

Significantly, exist different subsets to divide.Yet for example from the viewpoint of bit error rate performance, some during these different subsets are divided are equivalent.Still there is some splitting scheme that uses more widely than other splitting scheme.For example, at Chindapol, A; Ritcey, J.A, " Design; analysis, and performance evaluation for BICM-ID with square QAM constellation in Rayleigh fading channels ", IEEE Journal on Selected Area in Communications; Volume:19; Issue:5, May calendar year 2001,944-957 page or leaf and four examples that in Figure 11 of so-called Gray mapping, provided the subset division scheme.

16-QAM Gray mapped constellation is reset

For the Gray mapping, illustrate: if send two or more versions of same word, then constellation rearrangement method improves performance.The Gray mapped constellation is reset the Different Reliability grade of scheme based on bit, depends on the position of selected 16-QAM code element in constellation.Therefore, reordering rule is paid close attention to the position of the rearrangement version that changes the 16-QAM code element, so that realize the average effect of reliability level.About the details of 16-QAM Gray mapped constellation rearrangement, referring to applicant's the EP of granted patent 1293059 B1 or open WO 2004/036817 A1.

Send diversity scheme

There are several kinds of well-known transmission diversity techniques.The term that in this document, uses " sends and divides collection " one or several version of describing about identical data and divides the transmission in the collection branch several (at least two).For example, following scheme is considered and send divides collection (referring to for example, J.D.Gibson, " The Mobile Communications Handbook ", IEEE Press 1996, Chapter 12.2):

● site diversity (site diversity): send signal source from different websites, for example, the different base station under the cellular environment.

● antenna diversity (antenna diversity): send signal source from different antennae, for example, the different antennae of multi-antenna base station.

● polarization diversity (polarization diversity): send signal and be mapped to different polarization.

● frequency diversity (frequency diversity): send signal and for example be mapped to different carrier frequencies or different frequency hop sequences.

● time diversity (time diversity): send signal and for example be mapped on the different interleaved sequences.This comprises and should ask and the ARQ scheme of retransmission data.

● coded diversity (code diversity): send signal and be mapped to the different code words in CDMA (code division multiple access) system for example.

In application of quoting in the above respectively and the applicant's the patent, the constellation rearrangement scheme has been shown has improved the bit error rate that mobile communication environment issues feed signals significantly with sending to divide to collect to use together.It is optimum showing four kinds of various constellations considering 16-QAM Gray mapping.Yet, still need optimize the modulation and the encoding scheme that are used for communication (particularly, mobile communication environment under), so that reduce the error performance that needed constellation number or improvement are obtained.

Summary of the invention

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of with as the application of quoting in the above and the applicant's patent in the system described compare the modulation and the encoding scheme of bit error rate with improvement.Another object of the present invention provide a kind of with as the application of quoting in the above and the applicant's patent in the system described compare modulation and the encoding scheme that requires less constellation.

This purpose is solved by the theme of independent claims.Advantageous embodiments is the theme of dependent claims.

A critical aspects of the present invention is to use the 16-QAM constellation of the mapping ruler with regulation and the constellation rearrangement of diversity scheme and regulation.In 16 4 bits of mapping ruler regulation (also being called as data word) which is mapped to which modulated symbol (also being called as data symbols) in the 16-QAM constellation.16 modulated symbols can for example be represented with four lines and four row in complex coordinate plane.

For example, mapping ruler can be illustrated as follows:

A) first data bit in four data bits of expression modulated symbol is based on one in two continuous symbol region of its logical value selection 16-QAM constellation, and each in these two continuous symbol region is formed by two row adjacent one another are

B) second data bit in four data bits of the corresponding modulated symbol of expression is based on one in two continuous symbol region of its logical value selection 16-QAM constellation, and each in these two continuous symbol region is formed by two row adjacent one another are

C) the 3rd data bit in four data bits of the corresponding modulated symbol of expression is selected in two of the 16-QAM constellation symbol region that do not link to each other based on its logical value, and each in these two symbol region that do not link to each other is formed by two row not adjacent to each other

D) the 4th data bit in four data bits of the corresponding modulated symbol of expression selected in two of the 16-QAM constellation symbol region that do not link to each other based on its logical value, and each in these two symbol region that do not link to each other is formed by two row not adjacent to each other

Notice that following explanation is important: these mapping rulers do not require a specific region in the zone that the highest significant position of four bits of for example representing modulated symbol selects to define in the superincumbent rule according to its logical value.Which symbol region which bit in four bits is chosen in four symbol region stipulating in four above-mentioned mapping rulers does not exert an influence to the modulation of the present invention's proposition and the performance of encoding scheme.

Be equivalent to top regular a), b), c) and the replacement definition of mapping ruler d) can set forth as follows.Suppose to be chosen in as illustrated in fig. 1 the axle that wherein can represent the complex plane of square 16-QAM constellation.This axle is divided into four quadrants with complex signal space.Suppose that this expression of 16-QAM constellation, the mapping ruler of qam constellation satisfy following criterion:

A ') Hamming distance (Hamming distance) in quadrant, that have between the modulated symbol of minimum Euclideam distance each other is 1,

B ') Hamming distance adjacent quadrant, that have between the modulated symbol of minimum Euclideam distance each other is 2, and

C ') has Hamming distance 4 about the initial point of complex coordinate plane (antipodal) respect to one another modulated symbol.

In addition, can consider following other rule:

D ') in quadrant, in this quadrant, have each other greater than the minimum Euclideam distance or the modulated symbol of subduplicate Euclidean distance that equals the twice of minimum Euclideam distance and have Hamming distance 2,

E ') in adjacent quadrant, to have greater than minimum Euclideam distance or the Hamming distance that equals between the modulated symbol of subduplicate Euclidean distance of twice of minimum Euclideam distance each other be 3.

Except these replacements and mapping ruler equivalence, another aspect of the present invention is to adopt to send diversity scheme and 16-QAM constellation rearrangement.Each four bit sends twice or repeatedly, wherein according to employed transmission diversity scheme, uses the version of the difference arrangement of the 16-QAM constellation of following top mapping ruler (version) to send said four bits.Reset the version of 16-QAM constellation based on following branch collection reordering rule:

1. be rearranged in the modulated symbol of the 16-QAM constellation that has two immediate adjacent code elements (neighbor) in the first version, make it in second version, have four immediate adjacent code elements;

2. be rearranged in the modulated symbol of the 16-QAM constellation that has three immediate adjacent code elements in the first version, make it in second version, have three immediate adjacent code elements;

3. be rearranged in the modulated symbol of the 16-QAM constellation that has four immediate adjacent code elements in the first version, make it in second version, have two immediate adjacent code elements.

More specifically, it is following alternatively to define these reordering rules:

1. two modulated symbols that in first version, have Hamming distance 1 and square Euclidean distance 4D have a square Euclidean distance 16D in second version, vice versa

2. two modulated symbols that in first version, have Hamming distance 2 and square Euclidean distance 4D have a square Euclidean distance 36D in second version, vice versa

Two modulated symbols that in first version, have Hamming distance 2 and square Euclidean distance 8D have a square Euclidean distance 32D in second version, vice versa

Two modulated symbols that in first version, have Hamming distance 2 and square Euclidean distance 20D have a square Euclidean distance 20D in second version,

3. two modulated symbols that in first version, have Hamming distance 3 and square Euclidean distance 8D have a square Euclidean distance 52D in second version, vice versa

Two modulated symbols that in first version, have Hamming distance 3 and square Euclidean distance 20D have a square Euclidean distance 40D in second version, vice versa

4. two modulated symbols that in first version, have Hamming distance 4 and square Euclidean distance 8D have a square Euclidean distance 72D in second version, vice versa

Two modulated symbols that in first version, have Hamming distance 4 and square Euclidean distance 40D have a square Euclidean distance 40D in second version,

According to first example embodiment of the present invention; The method that provides a kind of use first and second 16-QAM constellations in communication system, to send data bit flow, the first and second 16-QAM constellations each have can be with 16 modulated symbols representing in four lines in the complex coordinate plane and four row.According to this embodiment, each modulated symbol of 16-QAM constellation can be represented by the combination of four data bits.In addition, these two constellations are followed the as above mapping ruler of defined (referring to a) to d)).

Therefore method according to this embodiment can comprise the step that forms series of data words from data bit flow.Then; The modulated symbol that each data word is mapped to a 16-QAM constellation is obtaining to follow first fen collection arrangement version of mapping ruler, and the modulated symbol that each data word is mapped to the 2nd 16-QAM constellation again is to obtain to follow second fen collection arrangement version of mapping ruler.

Follow following reordering rule in addition, obtain the first and second 16-QAM constellations according to this embodiment of the invention.The modulated symbol with two immediate adjacent code elements of resetting a 16-QAM constellation makes it in the 2nd 16-QAM constellation, have four immediate adjacent code elements.In addition, the modulated symbol with three immediate adjacent code elements of resetting a 16-QAM constellation makes it in the 2nd 16-QAM constellation, have three immediate adjacent code elements.In addition, the modulated symbol with four immediate adjacent code elements of resetting a 16-QAM constellation makes it in the 2nd 16-QAM constellation, have two immediate adjacent code elements.

Send the modulated symbol of a 16-QAM constellation and the modulated symbol of the 2nd 16-QAM constellation according to sending diversity scheme.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, obtain the 2nd 16-QAM constellation like the following step of having summarized before that passes through:

Two modulated symbols that will in a 16-QAM constellation, have Hamming distance 1 and square Euclidean distance 4D are reset in the 2nd 16-QAM constellation, to have square modulated symbol of Euclidean distance 16D, and vice versa,

Two modulated symbols that will in a 16-QAM constellation, have Hamming distance 2 and square Euclidean distance 4D are reset in the 2nd 16-QAM constellation, to have square modulated symbol of Euclidean distance 36D, and vice versa,

Two modulated symbols that will in a 16-QAM constellation, have Hamming distance 2 and square Euclidean distance 8D are reset in the 2nd 16-QAM constellation, to have square modulated symbol of Euclidean distance 32D, and vice versa,

Two modulated symbols rearrangements that will in a 16-QAM constellation, have Hamming distance 2 and square Euclidean distance 20D are in the 2nd 16-QAM constellation, to have square modulated symbol of Euclidean distance 20D,

Two modulated symbols that will in a 16-QAM constellation, have Hamming distance 3 and square Euclidean distance 8D are reset in the 2nd 16-QAM constellation, to have square modulated symbol of Euclidean distance 52D, and vice versa,

Two modulated symbols that will in a 16-QAM constellation, have Hamming distance 3 and square Euclidean distance 20D are reset in the 2nd 16-QAM constellation, to have square modulated symbol of Euclidean distance 40D, and vice versa,

Two modulated symbols that will in a 16-QAM constellation, have Hamming distance 4 and square Euclidean distance 8D are reset in the 2nd 16-QAM constellation, to have square modulated symbol of Euclidean distance 72D, and vice versa, and

Two modulated symbols that will in a 16-QAM constellation, have Hamming distance 4 and square Euclidean distance 40D are reset in the 2nd 16-QAM constellation, having square modulated symbol of Euclidean distance 40D.

The complex plane that can represent the 16-QAM code element therein comprises four quadrants, and according to another embodiment of the present invention, the mapping ruler that the first and second 16-QAM constellations are followed satisfies following criterion:

Hamming distance in quadrant, that have between the modulated symbol of least square Euclidean distance each other is 1,

Hamming distance adjacent quadrant, that have between the modulated symbol of least square Euclidean distance each other is 2, and

Wherein has Hamming distance 4 about the initial point of complex coordinate plane modulated symbol respect to one another.

In the modification of this embodiment, in quadrant, in this quadrant, have each other greater than the least square Euclidean distance or the modulated symbol of subduplicate square of Euclidean distance that equals the twice of least square Euclidean distance and have Hamming distance 2.

In addition; According to another modification of the present invention, in adjacent quadrant and to have greater than least square Euclidean distance or the Hamming distance that equals between the modulated symbol of subduplicate square of Euclidean distance of twice of least square Euclidean distance each other be 3.

In another embodiment of the present invention, can before forming data word, utilize encoder that the data bit stream is encoded.

According to still another embodiment of the invention, adopt diversity scheme for transfer of data, according to this scheme, the modulated symbol that is mapped to a 16-QAM constellation is sent with the modulated symbol that is mapped to the 2nd 16-QAM constellation in parallel with each other.

Modulated symbol that is mapped to a 16-QAM constellation and the modulated symbol that is mapped to the 2nd 16-QAM constellation are sent in the diversity scheme expection of another replacement that can adopt with different time intervals.

In addition, the present invention according to another embodiment provides a kind of method that in communication system, receives data bit flow.This data bit flow is to have been used by dispensing device to send the transmission data that diversity scheme sends and used the first and second 16-QAM constellations to modulate by dispensing device.Each constellation in these two constellations has can be with the four lines in the complex coordinate plane and four 16 modulated symbols showing of tabulation.In addition, can utilize each modulated symbol of the combination selection first and second 16-QAM constellations of four data bits.In these two 16-QAM constellations each is followed the mapping ruler (referring to a) to d) like top regulation).

According to this embodiment of the invention, receive transmission signals at the receiving system place, this transmission signals comprises the data word of being used the data bit flow of 16-QAM constellation transmission by dispensing device.In addition, also receive another transmission signals, this another transmission signals comprises the data word of said data bit flow and has used the 2nd 16-QAM constellation to send.

Next, detect the modulated symbol of representing by the data word of four data bits, come the demodulate transmitted signal through using a 16-QAM constellation and the 2nd 16-QAM constellation respectively.Thus, each data bit with the modulated symbol that is received is associated with the tolerance (metric) of the logical value of corresponding bits probability or the modulated symbol that indication is received of the logical value of the corresponding bits of indicating the modulated symbol that is received.

Next, be sent out device be mapped to a 16-QAM constellation the modulated symbol that is received each data bit be sent out the data bit that device is mapped to the modulated symbol that is received of the 2nd 16-QAM constellation and be associated.

In addition; Tolerance based on the tolerance of respective data bit and the data bit that is associated; With each data bit that is mapped to a 16-QAM constellation and its data bit that the is associated combination that is mapped to the 2nd 16-QAM constellation, with the reconstruct data bit stream.

In this embodiment of the present invention, the association of the data bit in the modulated symbol that is received is based on following correlation rule:

Each data bit of modulated symbol that will in a 16-QAM constellation, have a 16-QAM constellation of two immediate adjacent code elements is associated with the respective data bit of the modulated symbol of the 2nd 16-QAM constellation that in the 2nd 16-QAM constellation, has four immediate adjacent code elements

Each data bit of modulated symbol that will in a 16-QAM constellation, have a 16-QAM constellation of three immediate adjacent code elements is associated with the respective data bit of the modulated symbol of the 2nd 16-QAM constellation that in the 2nd 16-QAM constellation, has three immediate adjacent code elements

Each data bit of modulated symbol that will in a 16-QAM constellation, have a 16-QAM constellation of four immediate adjacent code elements is associated with the respective data bit of the modulated symbol of the 2nd 16-QAM constellation that in the 2nd 16-QAM constellation, has two immediate adjacent code elements.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to the use of different embodiment in dispensing device of above-mentioned transmission method.Provide a kind of use first and second 16-QAM constellations in communication system, to send the dispensing device of data bit flow.Each constellation in these two constellations have can be with the four lines in the complex coordinate plane and four row are that represent and mapping ruler that follow front definition (referring to a) to d)) 16 modulated symbols.

Dispensing device comprises the processing unit that is used for forming from data bit flow series of data words, for example, and processor, DSP or specialized hardware components.This data flow can for example be from speech coder, software application, perhaps hope that any other source that data bit flow is sent to receiving system provides.

In addition; Dispensing device comprises symbol mapper, its modulated symbol that is used for each data word is mapped to a 16-QAM constellation with the modulated symbol that obtains to follow first fen collection arrangement version of mapping ruler and be used for each data word is mapped to the 2nd 16-QAM constellation to obtain to follow second fen collection arrangement version of mapping ruler.Thus, possibility equivalence or possibility inequivalence allow dispensing device obtain the first and second 16-QAM constellations through following following reordering rule in the constellation rearrangement parts of above-mentioned processing unit:

The modulated symbol with two immediate adjacent code elements of resetting a 16-QAM constellation makes it in the 2nd 16-QAM constellation, have four immediate adjacent code elements,

The modulated symbol with three immediate adjacent code elements of resetting a 16-QAM constellation makes it in the 2nd 16-QAM constellation, have three immediate adjacent code elements,

The modulated symbol with four immediate adjacent code elements of resetting a 16-QAM constellation makes it in the 2nd 16-QAM constellation, have two immediate adjacent code elements.

In addition, dispensing device can comprise transmitter, and it is used for sending the modulated symbol of a 16-QAM constellation and the modulated symbol of a 16-QAM constellation according to sending diversity scheme.

Another embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of dispensing device, and it comprises and is adapted to be the parts of execution according to the step of the transmission method of one of the above embodiments and modification thereof.

The use of the method for reseptance of general introduction above another embodiment of the present invention relates to.A kind of receiving system that in communication system, receives data bit flow is provided, and wherein data bit flow has been used to send by dispensing device and has divided collection to send.This data bit flow uses the first and second 16-QAM constellations to modulate by dispensing device.The first and second 16-QAM constellations can be represented with four lines in the complex coordinate plane and four row, and in their modulated symbol each can be represented by the combination of four data bits.In these two 16-QAM constellations each is followed the mapping ruler (referring to a) to d) of front regulation).

Receiving system according to this embodiment comprises receiver; This receiver is used to receive the transmission signals of the data word that comprises the data bit flow that uses 16-QAM constellation transmission, and is used to receive the transmission signals of the data word that comprises the data bit flow that uses the transmission of the 2nd 16-QAM constellation.

In addition, receiving system can comprise demodulator, and this demodulator detects the modulated symbol of being represented by the data word of four data bits through using a 16-QAM constellation and the 2nd 16-QAM constellation respectively, comes the demodulate transmitted signal.Separating timing, the tolerance of the logical value of the corresponding bits of the modulated symbol that each data bit of the modulated symbol that is received and the probability or the indication of the logical value of the corresponding bits of the modulated symbol that received of indication are received is associated.

In addition; This device can comprise the data bit flow reconstruction means; The for example suitable hardware and/or the software of processor, DSP or any kind; This data bit flow reconstruction means is used for being associated with being sent out the data bit that device is mapped to the 2nd modulated symbol 16-QAM constellation, that received being sent out each data bit that device is mapped to the modulated symbol 16-QAM constellation, that received, and is used for tolerance based on the tolerance of each data bit and the data bit that is associated each data bit that will be mapped to a 16-QAM constellation and its data bit that the is associated combination that is mapped to the 2nd 16-QAM constellation so that the reconstruct data bit stream.

The data bit flow reconstruction means also be adapted to be the association of the data bit in the modulated symbol that received based on following correlation rule:

Each data bit of modulated symbol that in a 16-QAM constellation, has a 16-QAM constellation of two immediate adjacent code elements is associated with the respective data bit of the modulated symbol of the 2nd 16-QAM constellation that in the 2nd 16-QAM constellation, has four immediate adjacent code elements

Each data bit of modulated symbol that in a 16-QAM constellation, has a 16-QAM constellation of three immediate adjacent code elements is associated with the respective data bit of the modulated symbol of the 2nd 16-QAM constellation that in the 2nd 16-QAM constellation, has three immediate adjacent code elements

Each data bit of modulated symbol that in a 16-QAM constellation, has a 16-QAM constellation of four immediate adjacent code elements is associated with the respective data bit of the modulated symbol of the 2nd 16-QAM constellation that in the 2nd 16-QAM constellation, has two immediate adjacent code elements.

In addition, in another embodiment of the present invention, receiving system can comprise other assembly and parts, so that the operation of one of a plurality of specific coding that proposes according to the present invention and modulation scheme.

Recognize also that according to each embodiment and modification thereof the present invention can software and/or hardware enforcement.Therefore, another embodiment of the present invention relates to the computer-readable medium of store instruction, and when this instruction was sent out the processor execution of device, it made dispensing device use the first and second 16-QAM constellations in communication system, to send data bit flow.Each constellation has can be with the four lines in the complex coordinate plane and four 16 modulated symbols showing of tabulation.Each modulated symbol of 16-QAM constellation can be represented by the combination of four data bits.Each of the first and second 16-QAM constellations is followed top a) to d) mapping ruler that limits.

This instruction make this dispensing device through the modulated symbol that forms series of data words from data bit flow, each data word be mapped to a 16-QAM constellation with the modulated symbol that obtains to follow first fen collection arrangement version of mapping ruler and each data word is mapped to the 2nd 16-QAM constellation to obtain to follow second fen collection arrangement version of mapping ruler, send data bit flow.Follow following reordering rule in addition and obtain the first and second 16-QAM constellations:

In addition, when instruction was processed the device execution, it made dispensing device send the modulated symbol of a 16-QAM constellation and the modulated symbol of the 2nd 16-QAM constellation according to sending diversity scheme.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to the computer-readable medium of store instruction, and when this instruction was sent out the processor execution of device, it made dispensing device carry out the step according to the transmission method of one of each top embodiment and modification thereof.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to the computer-readable medium of store instruction, and when this instruction was sent out the processor execution of device, it made dispensing device in communication system, receive data bit flow.This data bit flow has been used to send by dispensing device and has divided the first and second 16-QAM constellations that collect transmission and used each to have 16 modulated symbols by dispensing device to modulate.Like previous general introduction, can represent the first and second 16-QAM constellations with four lines in the complex coordinate plane and four row, and each modulated symbol of the first and second 16-QAM constellations can be represented by the combination of four data bits.In addition, above each in these two 16-QAM constellations is followed a) to d) in the mapping ruler of qualification.

This instruction makes receiving system receive data bit flow through the following step: the transmission signals that receives the data word that comprises the data bit flow that uses 16-QAM constellation transmission; Reception comprises the transmission signals of the data word of the said data bit flow that uses the transmission of the 2nd 16-QAM constellation; Come the demodulate transmitted signal through using a 16-QAM constellation and the 2nd 16-QAM constellation to detect the modulation signal of representing by the data word of four data bits respectively; Each data bit with the modulated symbol that is received is associated with the tolerance of the logical value of corresponding bits probability or the modulated symbol that indication is received of the logical value of the corresponding bits of indicating the modulated symbol that is received thus; With being sent out each data bit that device is mapped to the modulated symbol 16-QAM constellation, that received and being sent out the data bit that device is mapped to the 2nd modulated symbol 16-QAM constellation, that received and being associated; And tolerance based on the tolerance of respective data bit and the data bit that is associated; With each data bit that is mapped to a 16-QAM constellation and its data bit that the is associated combination that is mapped to the 2nd 16-QAM constellation; With the reconstruct data bit stream; The association of the data bit in the modulated symbol that wherein, is received is based on following correlation rule:

According to an aspect of the present invention; A kind of method that is used to use a 16-QAM constellation and the 2nd 16-QAM constellation transmission data bit flow is provided; Said method comprising the steps of: form series of data words from said bit stream, each data word comprises four bits; Each data word is mapped to the modulated symbol that uses a 16-QAM constellation, to produce the first order pattern of modulated symbol; Each data word is mapped to the modulated symbol that uses the 2nd 16-QAM constellation, to produce the second order pattern of modulated symbol; And, send the first order pattern of modulated symbol and the second order pattern of modulated symbol according to sending diversity scheme; Wherein, a 16-QAM constellation and the 2nd 16-QAM constellation each have can be with the four lines in the complex coordinate plane and four 16 modulated symbols showing of tabulation, and each modulated symbol of 16-QAM constellation is represented by the combination of four bits; Wherein, the modulated symbol a in the 16-QAM constellation _{I, j}With the modulated symbol b in the 2nd 16-QAM constellation _{I, j}Through under list and discern:

-column index i ∈ 0,1,2,3}, the indication from left to right arrange modulated symbol four row among row, and

-line index j ∈ 0,1,2, and 3}, the row among the four lines of modulated symbol is arranged in indication from top to bottom; And

Wherein, as follows with the modulated symbol a in the 16-QAM constellation _{I, j}Rearrangement is the modulated symbol b of the 2nd 16-QAM constellation _{I, j}:

a _0，0→b _2，2，a _0，1→b _2，0，a _0，2→b _2，3，a _0，3→b _2，1

a _1，0→b _0，2，a _1，1→b _0，0，a _1，2→b _0，3，a _1，3→b _0，1

a _2，0→b _3，2，a _2，1→b _3，0，a _2，2→b _3，3，a _2，3→b _3，1

a _3，0→b _1，2，a _3，1→b _1，0，a _3，2→b _1，3，a _3，3→b _1，1，

And wherein, a 16-QAM constellation and the 2nd 16-QAM constellation each follow following mapping ruler:

First bit in four bits of-expression modulated symbol is based on one in two continuous symbol region of its logical value selection 16-QAM constellation, and each in these two continuous symbol region is made up of two row adjacent one another are,

Second bit in four bits of the corresponding modulated symbol of-expression is based on one in two continuous symbol region of its logical value selection 16-QAM constellation, and each in these two continuous symbol region is made up of two row adjacent one another are,

Tribit in four bits of the corresponding modulated symbol of-expression is selected in two of the 16-QAM constellation symbol region that do not link to each other based on its logical value, and each in these two symbol region that do not link to each other is made up of two row not adjacent to each other, and

The 4th bit in four bits of the corresponding modulated symbol of-expression is selected in two of the 16-QAM constellation symbol region that do not link to each other based on its logical value, and each in these two symbol region that do not link to each other is made up of two row not adjacent to each other.

According to another aspect of the present invention; Provide a kind of and be used to use a 16-QAM constellation and the 2nd 16-QAM constellation to receive the method for data bit flow, said method comprising the steps of: the transmission signals that receives the data word that comprises the data bit flow that uses 16-QAM constellation transmission; Reception comprises the transmission signals of the said data word of using the transmission of the 2nd 16-QAM constellation; Come the said transmission signals of demodulation through using a 16-QAM constellation and the 2nd 16-QAM constellation to detect the modulated symbol of representing by the data word of four data bits respectively; The probability of the logical value of the corresponding bits of the modulated symbol that thus, each data bit of the modulated symbol that is received and indication is received, or the tolerance of the logical value of the corresponding bits of the modulated symbol that received of indication be associated; With each data bit that is mapped to a 16-QAM constellation, with its data bit that the is associated combination that is mapped to the 2nd 16-QAM constellation; Wherein, a 16-QAM constellation and the 2nd 16-QAM constellation each have can be with the four lines in the complex coordinate plane and four 16 modulated symbols showing of tabulation, and each modulated symbol of 16-QAM constellation is represented by the combination of four bits; Wherein, the modulated symbol a in the 16-QAM constellation _{I, j}With the modulated symbol b in the 2nd 16-QAM constellation _{I, j}Through under list and discern:

Wherein, Said method also comprises step: will be sent out each data bit that device is mapped to the modulated symbol that is received of a 16-QAM constellation, be sent out the data bit that device is mapped to the modulated symbol that is received of the 2nd 16-QAM constellation and be associated; Wherein, In combination step; Based on the tolerance of the tolerance of respective data bit and the data bit that is associated, with each data bit that is mapped to a 16-QAM constellation and be mapped to its data bit that is associated combination of the 2nd 16-QAM constellation, with the said data bit flow of reconstruct.

According to a further aspect of the invention; Providing a kind of is used to use a 16-QAM constellation and the 2nd 16-QAM constellation to send the dispensing device of data bit flow; Said dispensing device comprises: processing unit, be used for forming series of data words from said bit stream, and each data word comprises four bits; First symbol mapper (3105) is used for each data word is mapped to the modulated symbol that uses a 16-QAM constellation, to produce the first order pattern of modulated symbol; Second symbol mapper (3106) is used for each data word is mapped to the modulated symbol that uses the 2nd 16-QAM constellation, to produce the second order pattern of modulated symbol; And transmitter (3109), be used for sending the first order pattern of modulated symbol and the second order pattern of modulated symbol according to sending diversity scheme; Wherein, a 16-QAM constellation and the 2nd 16-QAM constellation each have can be with the four lines in the complex coordinate plane and four 16 modulated symbols showing of tabulation, and each modulated symbol of 16-QAM constellation is represented by the combination of four bits; Wherein, the modulated symbol a in the 16-QAM constellation _{I, j}With the modulated symbol b in the 2nd 16-QAM constellation _{I, j}Through under list and discern:

According to a further aspect of the invention; Providing a kind of is used to use a 16-QAM constellation and the 2nd 16-QAM constellation to receive the receiving system of data bit flow; Said receiving system comprises: receiver (3111); Be used to receive the transmission signals of the data word that comprises the data bit flow that uses 16-QAM constellation transmission, and be used to receive the transmission signals that comprises the said data word of using the transmission of the 2nd 16-QAM constellation; Demodulation parts (3112,3113); Be used for coming the said transmission signals of demodulation through using a 16-QAM constellation and the 2nd 16-QAM constellation to detect the modulated symbol of representing by the data word of four data bits respectively; The probability of the logical value of the corresponding bits of the modulated symbol that thus, each data bit of the modulated symbol that receives and indication is received, or indicate the tolerance of logical value of the corresponding bits of the modulated symbol that is received to be associated; Data bit flow reconstruction means (3114) is used for each data bit that is mapped to a 16-QAM constellation, makes up with its data bit that is associated that is mapped to the 2nd 16-QAM constellation; Wherein, a 16-QAM constellation and the 2nd 16-QAM constellation each have can be with the four lines in the complex coordinate plane and four 16 modulated symbols showing of tabulation, and each modulated symbol of 16-QAM constellation is represented by the combination of four bits; Wherein, the modulated symbol a in the 16-QAM constellation _{I, j}With the modulated symbol b in the 2nd 16-QAM constellation _{I, j}Through under list and discern:

The 4th bit in four bits of the corresponding modulated symbol of-expression is selected in two of the 16-QAM constellation symbol region that do not link to each other based on its logical value, and each in these two symbol region that do not link to each other is made up of two row not adjacent to each other;

To in a 16-QAM constellation, have each modulated symbol in the first order pattern of two immediate adjacent code elements, be associated with modulated symbol in the 2nd 16-QAM constellation with four immediate adjacent code elements; To in a 16-QAM constellation, have each modulated symbol in the first order pattern of three immediate adjacent code elements, be associated with modulated symbol in the 2nd 16-QAM constellation with three immediate adjacent code elements; And will in a 16-QAM constellation, have each modulated symbol in the first order pattern of four immediate adjacent code elements, be associated with modulated symbol in the 2nd 16-QAM constellation with two immediate adjacent code elements.

Wherein, Said data bit flow reconstruction means (3114) be adapted to be be sent out each data bit that device is mapped to the modulated symbol that is received of a 16-QAM constellation, be sent out the data bit that device is mapped to the modulated symbol that is received of the 2nd 16-QAM constellation and be associated; Wherein, Said data bit flow reconstruction means (3114) also is adapted to be the tolerance based on the tolerance of respective data bit and the data bit that is associated; With each data bit that is mapped to a 16-QAM constellation and its data bit that the is associated combination that is mapped to the 2nd 16-QAM constellation, with the said data bit flow of reconstruct.

Description of drawings

Hereinafter, be described in greater detail with reference to the attached drawings the present invention.Similar or corresponding details among the figure indicates identical Reference numeral.

Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 illustrate two 16-QAM symbol constellations with square mapping,

Fig. 3 illustrates the expression of the division of the constellation point of even number and odd number Hamming weight word (weight words) in the complex signal space,

Fig. 4 illustrates the immediate adjacent code meta-attribute of the code element in the square 16-QAM constellation,

That Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 illustrate is according to an embodiment of the invention, the occurrence (occurrence) of the Hamming in the one dimension of 16-QAM constellation between the constellation symbol and square Euclidean distance,

Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 illustrate according to example embodiment of the present invention, adopt the AICO mapping principle that word is mapped to two examples on the constellation point,

Fig. 9 to Figure 12 illustrates according to four example area mappings of forming bit (data word) to their respective symbol in square 16-QAM constellation example embodiment of the present invention, that use the AICO mapping,

Figure 13 to Figure 16 illustrates four zone mappings of forming bit (data word) to their respective symbol in square 16-QAM constellation using the Gray mapping,

Figure 17 illustrates the exemplary rearrangement relation between the 16-QAM constellation symbol in first and second versions of the two-way rearrangement pattern of use according to an embodiment of the invention,

Figure 18 illustrates the rearrangement relation between the 16-QAM constellation symbol in first and second versions of the unidirectional rearrangement pattern of use according to another embodiment of the present invention,

Figure 19 illustrate reset according to the rearrangement pattern of the embodiments of the invention that provide among Figure 17 and as the example rearrangement version, that utilize the 16-QAM constellation of AICO mapping of the 16-QAM constellation that utilizes the AICO mapping shown in Fig. 7,

Figure 20 illustrate reset according to the rearrangement pattern of the embodiments of the invention that provide among Figure 17 and as the example rearrangement version, that utilize the 16-QAM constellation of AICO mapping of the 16-QAM constellation that utilizes the AICO mapping shown in Fig. 8,

Figure 21 illustrate use an original mappings version and one reset the mapping version, for Monte Carlo (Monte Carlo) simulation result among the AWGN of the Gray of uncoded transmission and AICO 16-QAM mapping,

Figure 22 illustrates the example block diagram of transmitting device structure of transmission antenna diversity that is used to adopt two branches according to the embodiment of the invention,

Figure 23 to Figure 30 illustrates eight kinds of rearrangement relations that satisfy according to the specific reordering rule of the embodiment of the invention,

Figure 31 illustrates example transmitter and receiver block diagram according to another embodiment of the present invention, and

Figure 32 illustrates the example solution reconciled data stream reconstruction processing according to the embodiment of the invention.

Embodiment

The following passage will be described various embodiments of the present invention.Just to the purpose of example, summarize most of embodiment and do not rely on their realizations under mobile environment.

And the detailed elaboration that provides in the background technology part in the above only is intended to understand the example embodiment that is described below better, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention to processing and the specific implementation of function in the described mobile communications network.

One side of the present invention is the mapping ruler of definition 16-QAM constellation.For describing in further detail of the attribute of understanding new mapping (in presents, will be called as the AICO mapping) better, at first be provided at the hereinafter definition of the frequent several terms that use.

The number of the non-zero in the word that the Hamming weight (Hamming weight) of the code element of being made up of binary element 0 and 1 (substitution table is shown-1 and 1) is made up of binary element (promptly 1) element.Therefore; For any 4-bit words that is mapped to the 16-QAM code element; Hamming weight can for integer value 0 (promptly; For word " 0000 "), integer value 1 (promptly for word " 0010 "), integer value 2 (that is, for word " 1010 "), integer value 3 (promptly for word " 1110 ") or integer value 4 (that is, for word " 1111 ").Even number Hamming weight value also is represented as " even number Hamming weight parity check (parity) ", and odd number Hamming weight value is represented as " parity check of odd number Hamming weight ".

Hamming distance between two code elements being made up of one or more binary digits is the number of the position numeral that relatively (position-wise comparison) is different of wherein digital value.Therefore, word " 0000 " and " 1111 " have Hamming distance 4, because four all numerals all have different value.Word " 1000 " and " 0010 " have Hamming distance 2, because the first and the 3rd numeral that begins from the left side has different value.

The following Column Properties of explaining with reference to figure 3 is satisfied in the AICO mapping that proposes:

A ") all words with first Hamming weight parity check are mapped to modulated symbol dotted line or white among Fig. 3 clearly.

B ") all words with second Hamming weight parity check are mapped to modulated symbol dotted line or white among Fig. 3 clearly.

C ") top two attributes are complementary, that is, if even number Hamming weight word is mapped to the modulated symbol of dotted line, then odd number Hamming weight word is mapped to the modulated symbol of white.

D ") the first constellation symbol Rotate 180 degree will produce second constellation symbol of transmitting second word, and this second word is the complement of two's two's complement of first word that transmits of first constellation symbol.

As can in Fig. 4, see, each code element in the 16-QAM constellation has two, three or four immediate adjacent code elements.Therefore, top preceding two attributes can form following attribute again:

A " ') all words with first Hamming weight parity check are mapped to the modulated symbol that has two immediate adjacent code elements or have four immediate adjacent code elements clearly.

B " ') all words with second Hamming weight parity check are mapped to the modulated symbol with three immediate adjacent code elements clearly.

The noticeable result of these attributes is can violate in some cases the Gray principle of immediate adjacent code element.Therefore, this mapping of the present invention's proposition also can be called as non-Gray mapping.Above last attribute of AICO mapping ruler mean that relative (antipodal) constellation symbol carries the word of binary system opposite (binary inverted).Therefore, this is mapped in constellation mapping (Antipodal Inverted Constellation Mapping) or the AICO mapping that is called as relative reversing in the presents.The result of non-Gray characteristic is the difference of the symbol region of specific bit selection.

Fig. 9 illustrates according to the example of the symbol region in the expression of the 16-QAM constellation of each bit embodiment of the invention, data word in the complex plane corresponding to Figure 12; That is, select one of respective symbol zone based on the logical value of the corresponding bits in the data word.Thus, how Fig. 9 selects one of different symbol region based on its logical value to each bit that Figure 12 manifests four data bits that are mapped to corresponding modulated symbol.

At Fig. 9 in Figure 12, S _i ^jThe expression symbol region, wherein j is the subscript of the data bit numbering 1,2,3 or 4 of four data bits of indicating to be shone upon, i presentation logic bit value b or its contrary (inverse) b, those skilled in the art will understand in this generic representation, actual logic bit value in the data word (0 or 1, perhaps alternatively-1 and 1) or bit position have nothing to do.

In Fig. 9, show the symbol region S of first data bit to two vertical link to each other (contiguous) in four bits _b ¹And S _b ¹One of example corresponding.Based on the logical value b of data bit or bSelect one of two symbol region.Should be noted that two continuous symbol region S of each existence for two bits _b ¹And S _b ¹Correspondingly, to illustrate second data bit in four bits be how to be mapped to two symbol region S that laterally link to each other to Figure 10 _b ²And S _b ²One of.Therefore, the continuous symbol region during the 16-QAM constellation in the selection of the dibit in four bits (data word) complex plane is represented.

In addition, Figure 11 illustrates the 3rd data bit in four bits to the symbol region S of two vertically do not link to each other (non-contiguous) b ³And S _b ³One of example select, Figure 12 illustrates the 4th data bit in four bits to two symbol region S that laterally do not link to each other _b ⁴And S _b ⁴One of example select.Therefore, the symbol region that do not link to each other during the 16-QAM constellation in two remaining bits selection complex planes in four bits (data word) is represented.

Should be noted that at Fig. 9 in Figure 12, do not require two continuous symbol region S that select among Fig. 9 _b ¹And S _b ¹One of " first data bit " be equivalent to the highest significant bit of data word.Equally, " second, third of data word or the 4th bit " and nonessential second, third or the 4th bit that corresponds respectively to data word.Similarly; Two significant bits the highest that the example of the symbol region of Fig. 9 in Figure 12 selects also should not to be construed as limited to data word are selected the corresponding symbol region in the illustrated symbol region that links to each other among Fig. 9 and Figure 10; And two minimum effective bits of data word are selected Figure 11 and two shown in Figure 12 corresponding symbol region in the symbol region that do not link to each other, although this realization is definite possible.

The AICO mapping scheme that proposes in order to understand is with respect to the difference of traditional G ray mapping scheme, provided the corresponding symbol region of the equivalence of Gray method in Figure 16 at Figure 13.Can recognize in from Figure 13 to Figure 16: for the dibit in four bits of data word, between Gray mapping and AICO mapping as broad as long aspect the symbol region.Yet for remaining dibit, symbol region is different.Depend on logical bit value, in Gray shines upon, use from the modulated symbol in the zone that links to each other or from the regional modulated symbol that do not link to each other; And in the AICO mapping, always be to use modulated symbol from two zones that do not link to each other.

Before among " Design; analysis; and performance evaluation for BICM-ID with square QAM constellation in Rayleigh fading channels " of the Chindapol that discusses etc., introduced the Gray mapping and other mappings that comprise their zone mappings separately.Should be noted that in iteration (iterative) decoding scheme that the constellation intention in the article of Chindapol etc., introduced introduces in this article and use.Should be noted that the present invention does not require iteration structure at the receiver place, and therefore allow to use hardware simplicity at transmitter and receiver.

As see in can be from Fig. 9 to Figure 12, when considering the vertical separation of modulated symbol, modulated symbol is arranged in four row, four modulated symbols of every row, and when the lateral separation of consideration modulated symbol, modulated symbol is arranged in four lines, four modulated symbols of every row.Be based on Fig. 9 this example description, superincumbent a to the 16-QAM constellation shown in Figure 12 ") to d ") in the general introduction mapping can alternatively be formed following attribute again:

A) first data bit in four data bits of expression modulated symbol is selected one of two continuous symbol region of 16-QAM constellation based on its logical value, and each in these two continuous symbol region is formed by two row adjacent one another are;

B) second data bit in four data bits of the corresponding modulated symbol of expression is selected one of two continuous symbol region of 16-QAM constellation based on its logical value, and each in these two continuous symbol region is formed by two row adjacent one another are;

C) the 3rd data bit in four data bits of the corresponding modulated symbol of expression is selected two of the 16-QAM constellation one of the symbol region that do not link to each other based on its logical value, and each in these two symbol region that do not link to each other is formed by two row not adjacent to each other;

D) the 4th data bit in four data bits of the corresponding modulated symbol of expression selected two of the 16-QAM constellation one of the symbol region that do not link to each other based on its logical value, and each in these two symbol region that do not link to each other is formed by two row not adjacent to each other.

Like top brief explanation, if in signal space, reset at least the second version of 16-QAM constellation with respect to the front page that is used for the transmission of branch collection originally, the transmission of Gray mapping divides structure set, for example in time domain (ARQ, HARQ), has advantage.Another main aspect of the present invention is that the transmission of the AICO mapping of regulation on utilize divides the definition of using constellation rearrangement rules in the collection situation.

As having mentioned the front, each point in the 16-QAM constellation has two, three or four immediate consecutive points (referring to Fig. 4, the code element in the Northeast Quadrant of the line example through connecting code element).

Hereinafter, d representes the minimum Euclideam distance between the modulated symbol in the 16-QAM constellation, and axle representes the in-phase component and the quadrature component of modulated symbol, as illustrated among Fig. 3.Correspondingly, D representes least square Euclidean distance, i.e. d ²=D.Therefore, the least square Euclidean distance between two modulated symbols is (2d) ²Perhaps 4D.Under the situation of the AICO mapping definition of hypothesis first constellation version above following, can observe about related Hamming distance with (square) the following Column Properties of Euclidean distance.

Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 show about the Hamming distance of AICO mapped one-dimensional and square Euclidean distance, i.e. the Hamming distance and square Euclidean distance of every row of the bidimensional of complex signal space or the modulated symbol in every row.Those skilled in the art will understand that doing like this is for easy.Through the Hamming distance and square Euclidean distance that increase each dimension respectively, these can easily be expanded bidimensional 16-QAM situation apart from attribute.In Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, variables D is used to the standardization purpose.Usually, if adopt the 16-QAM constellation, then make average power equal 1 the range normalization between the constellation symbol.Therefore, in this example embodiment, D will equal 1/10.

Express down that single version Gray mapping and AICO shine upon apart from abridged table (comprising zero distance) for the ordinary situation (trivial case) of code element and the distance between himself.

The frequency of occurrences to square Euclidean distance of a pair of code element with special Hamming distance is counted, and adds up for all code elements of 16-QAM constellation.Therefore, the situation of Hamming distance zero occurs 16 times, and this is owing in the 16-QAM constellation, there are 16 distinct symbols.

, will make up from the distance of two versions when sending two versions when adopting the Gray mapped constellation to reset scheme (like what introduce) for every pair of code element in the application's beginning.For example, in last table, can recognize: for the Gray mapping, two code elements with Hamming distance 1 can have square Euclidean distance of 4D or 36D.Because two versions all adopt the Gray mapping, all are like this for the first version and second version, thus combined distance 8D (=4D+4D), 40D (=36D+4D=4D+36D) or 72D (=36D+36D) be possible.Yet what the Gray mapped constellation was reset notion is possible near checking announcement to use two versions to have only combined distance 8D or 40D.Generally speaking, for all code elements to combination from the distance of two versions cause in following table, providing apart from attribute.

Can recognize that from last table after using Gray mapped constellation rearrangement scheme, do not exist clear and definite distance to distribute, this is owing to possibly have several consequent square of Euclidean distances for given Hamming distance.Yet when using the AICO mapping, with illustrative, when two versions of the AICO constellation that will use following one group of constellation rearrangement rules made up, it was possible that clear and definite distance is distributed as below.

1. be rearranged in the modulated symbol of the 16-QAM constellation that has two immediate adjacent code elements in the first version, make it in second version, have four immediate adjacent code elements;

It is following alternatively to define these reordering rules:

1. in first version, has Hamming distance 1

A) two modulated symbols with square Euclidean distance 4D have a square Euclidean distance 16D in second version,

B) and two modulated symbols of square Euclidean distance 16D in second version, have a square Euclidean distance 4D;

2. in first version, has Hamming distance 2

A) two modulated symbols with square Euclidean distance 4D have a square Euclidean distance 36D in second version,

B) and two modulated symbols of square Euclidean distance 36D in second version, have a square Euclidean distance 4D,

C) and two modulated symbols of square Euclidean distance 8D in second version, have a square Euclidean distance 32D,

D) and two modulated symbols of square Euclidean distance 32D in second version, have a square Euclidean distance 8D,

E) and two modulated symbols of square Euclidean distance 20D in second version, have a square Euclidean distance 20D;

3. in first version, has Hamming distance 3

A) two modulated symbols with square Euclidean distance 8D have a square Euclidean distance 52D in second version,

B) and two modulated symbols of square Euclidean distance 52D in second version, have a square Euclidean distance 8D,

C) and two modulated symbols of square Euclidean distance 20D in second version, have a square Euclidean distance 40D,

D) and two modulated symbols of square Euclidean distance 40D in second version, have a square Euclidean distance 20D;

4. in first version, has Hamming distance 4

A) two modulated symbols with square Euclidean distance 8D have a square Euclidean distance 72D in second version,

B) and two modulated symbols of square Euclidean distance 72D in second version, have a square Euclidean distance 8D,

C) and two modulated symbols of square Euclidean distance 40D in second version, have a square Euclidean distance 40D.

In this document, two versions that the AICO that is relative to each other according to top rule shines upon (or Gray mapping) will be called as AICO (or Gray) branch collection arrangement mappings or version.The diagrammatic representation of in minute collection arrangement version, how to reset code element according to top rule will be called as " rearrangement pattern ".

The exemplary rearrangement pattern that proposes according to the embodiment of the invention can be so that two signaling points exchange their position between first and second versions, and are illustrated in Figure 17 as for example.Should be noted that in Figure 17 four modulated symbols keep their position in the constellation of resetting, promptly oneself exchange their position with them.Alternatively, in another embodiment of the present invention, rearrangement pattern can be a direction as shown in Figure 18.

During two branch collection arrangement version of the AICO16-QAM constellations reordering rule of definition, first and second transmission, should be noted that: because the relative attribute (antipodal property) of constellation, rearrangement pattern is about former point symmetry above use is followed.

Example according to the rearranged constellation versions of the AICO mapping of the rule of top definition has been shown in Figure 19 and Figure 20, and it illustrates respectively the rearrangement version at the AICO constellation shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8.Therefore, Fig. 7 and Figure 19 represent two branch collection arrangement version, and same, Fig. 8 and Figure 20 also represent two branch collection arrangement version.

This group reordering rule according to top has had been found that eight different possible rearrangement pattern through computer aided search.These patterns in Figure 23 to Figure 30, have been provided.Should be noted that Figure 17 and Figure 18 are equivalent to Figure 28 and Figure 27 respectively.In Figure 23 to Figure 30, which code element corresponding which the data word sign second of the code element of the first version of arrow indication and AICO 16-QAM constellation is reset the 16-QAM constellation in the version.In these eight example solutions each all satisfies the requirement to the rearrangement attribute of top definition.See that from performance standpoint these eight solutions are equivalent.

In following table, summed up and to be used for the result that two Gray versions and the distance that is used for two branch collection arrangement version of two AICO versions make up.

Last table illustration have that frequency, this frequency that square Euclidean distance of a pair of code element of specific Hamming distance occurs are counted and add up a little in first and second constellation version for the institute of 16-QAM constellation.

The advantage of the structure that is proposed is proved by digital Monte Carlo emulation.Illustrate at the simulation result shown in Figure 21: when employing utilizes twice of data word transmission of various constellations, under the AWGN environment that is using Gray mapping and AICO to shine upon respectively, the comparison of the bit error rate performance of encoded signal.The combination of the LLR of the corresponding bit of the very simple single-stage LLR-calculator of each bit through being used for modulated symbol and branch collection transmission subsequently, the hardware that then depends on the symbol of this synthetic combination LLR are judged and have been obtained result shown in this figure.

Figure 22 shows the simplified block diagram according to the dispensing device of the AICO constellation rearrangement scheme embodiment of the invention, that use transmitting antenna branch collection and top proposition.Each 4-bit words is used as the input to two different branch collection branches, and these two different branch collection branches can be employed in (preferably) the independently word that interweaves on the piece of several 4-bit words.Subsequently, adopt two different AICO mappings, they are mapped on the multiple code element, and it illustrates the relation of being summarized as in the part in front.In these signals each is passed to the transmitting antenna structure then.

Should be noted that the present invention can adopt the diversity scheme of any kind.Will be described in greater detail below another example transmitter structure and receiver architecture according to the embodiment of the invention.

Figure 31 shows dispensing device 3101 and receiving system 3110 according to an embodiment of the invention.In dispensing device 3101, input traffic is provided from higher level.Input traffic can be for example from the voice of the data communication of ongoing voice communication or any kind.Preferably, input traffic can be encoded in the encoder 3102 that adopts forward error correction.For example, encoder 3102 can be convolution coder, turbo encoder or block encoder.

Preferably, input traffic can be separated into two branch collection branches before being provided for

interleaver

3103 and 3104, do not interweave each other each stream or adopt same interleaving scheme each stream that interweaves of said interleaver 3103 and 3104 with relying on.

Interleaver

3103 and 3104 outputs to 16-QAM mapping means 3105 and 3106 respectively, and in 16-QAM mapping means 3105 and 3106, the data bit of stream is a modulated symbol in unit maps to 16 modulated symbol with four bits (quaternary).As explained above; 16-QAM mapping means 3105 and 3106 uses aforesaid first and second to reset AICO16-QAM constellation (dividing the collection arrangement mappings); Wherein, second constellation version is to follow the rearrangement version of first constellation version of the reordering rule of describing before.

For the example purpose, in the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 31, adopted frequency diversity scheme.Therefore, part 3107 is mapped to different carrier frequency f respectively with 3108 modulated symbols with 16-QAM mapping means 3105 and 3106 outputs _iAnd f _jModulation signal is provided to transmitter 3109, and transmitter 3109 sends signal to receiving system 3110.

In another embodiment of the present invention, divide collection for sending, can adopt more than two versions.For example, can use three versions to send data, wherein, the first version and second version are that AICO divides the collection arrangement mappings, and this does not have specific relation with respect to the employed first version or second version third edition.Then, the 4th version can originally form two new AICO branch collection arrangement version with the third edition.Yet the relation (that is rearrangement pattern) between third edition basis and the 4th version can be different with the relation between the first version and second version.

For example, the rearrangement pattern between the first version and second version possibly be two-way, and the rearrangement pattern between third edition basis and the 4th version possibly be unidirectional.Even two patterns illustrate identical " directivity ", they maybe be different on its details.

The example distance statistics of the branch collection transmission of adopting aforesaid four Gray constellation mapping and four AICO constellation version has been shown in following table.

In this document, in the table of illustrative different distances attribute, listed: for the different Hamming distances between two modulated symbols, certain square Euclidean distance is every at a distance from the frequency that how long to occur.For this reason, assess the difference of all signaling points and all signaling points.As a result, have 16 * 16=256 distance value altogether, it also adds through all frequencies of listing that add up and obtains.Because any and the Hamming distance between himself and square Euclidean distance all are 0, and in constellation, have 16 distinct modulation symbols altogether, so obtain Euclidean distance and Hamming distance value 0 for 16 times definitely.Similarly, for Hamming distance 1, the frequency sum is always 64; For Hamming distance 2, the frequency sum is always 96; For Hamming distance 3, the frequency sum is always 96; For Hamming distance 4, the frequency sum is always 16.

To those skilled in the art, obvious description up to the present is with reference to the real axis and the imaginary axis of the AICO mapping of expression as illustrated in fig. 1, as to be used for the 16-QAM constellation.Considering that normal axis must likewise rotate under the situation of legend like the constellation of rotation shown in figure 2.Particularly, term " OK " and " row " as up to the present they are used, must be interpreted as " OK " and " row " of rotation respectively.

Return Figure 31 now, will describe the receiving system structure in more detail now.According to one embodiment of present invention, the signal that sends with frequency f i and fj respectively of receiver 3111 transmission and reception apparatus 3101 of receiving system 3110.The signal that receives is outputed to

demodulator

3112 and 3113 respectively, each modulated symbol that demodulator 3112 and 3113 detects in the corresponding signal.In other words, demodulator will be associated with the second rearrangement 16-QAM constellation that dispensing device 3101 uses according to a different branch collection branch 16-QAM constellation, that send with different frequency.Significantly, receiving system 3110 needs by notice or knows the symbol mapped that dispensing device uses, thereby can the mapping of modulation bit be fallen back back data word (four bits).

Demodulator

3112 and 3113 also is associated each bit of data word with the tolerance of the logical value of each data bit that allows the data word that reconstruct received.In employed decoding policy, as will be discussed in further detail below for the content-dependent of this tolerance of each data bit in the data word.

Demodulator

3112 and 3113 can also be known or can be by the interleaving scheme of the interleaver 3103 at notice dispensing device 3101 places and 3104 uses (for example, through defining interlace mode in advance or controlling signaling through utilizing).Data word; The tolerance of each data bit is provided to data bit flow reconstruction means 3114, and the tolerance that this data bit flow reconstruction means 3114 is associated based on each bit with two branch collection branches will be from the data bit of two branch collection branches to making up.

If the input data bit flow is at transmission equipment side coding, then receiving system 3110 also comprises the decoder 3115 that is used for the data flow that decoding stream of data bits reconstruction means 3114 provides.

The structure that should be noted that each assembly of receiving system 3110 will depend on the demodulate/decode scheme that in independent receiving system 3110, adopts.For the correct reconstruct of the original input data bit stream that sends for dispensing device; Importantly: the inverse mapping that receiving system 3110 can provide modulated symbol to arrive data word, so that divide data bit or each data word in the data word that collects branch to be associated difference.

Depend on the acceptor device strategy, possibly have different tolerance contents with the tolerance that each bit in the data word is associated.For example, if use soft value (soft-values) to carry out decoding, then tolerance can be indicated one or more probable values, and the independent data bit of said probable value indication has logical value-1 or 1 probability.For this purpose, this tolerance can be log-likelihood (LLR) for example, and it is as giving a definition:

LLR (x_{i}) = \log \frac{p (x_{i} = 1)}{p (x_{i} = 0)}

Wherein, p (x _i=1) is bit x _{I etc.}In the probability of logical value 1, and p (x _i=0) is bit x _iEqual the probability of logical value-1.Therefore, the direct indication bit x of the symbol of LLR _iLogical value, and the absolute value of LLR is directly indicated the certainty of judgement.When utilizing LLR work at the receiving system place; The data bit of institute's reconstruct can be from data bit to (according to the data bit and the repetition thereof of two branch collection branches)---for example---the LLR phase Calais reconstruct simply through the data bit that data bit is right, and the logical value of the data bit of institute's reconstruct can be based on LLR's and symbol confirm.

Figure 32 diagram is from frequency f _iAnd f _jThe data bit flow r of reception signal ⁱ ₁, r ⁱ ₂, r ⁱ ₃, r ⁱ ₄... and r ^j ₁, r ^j ₂, r ^j ₃, r ^j ₄... reconstruct.These streams can be by being respectively code element (I _i, Q _i) and (I _j, Q _j) measure, their in-phase component and quadrature component I _iWith Q _iAnd I _jWith Q _jExpression.Code element (I _i, Q _i) and (I _j, Q _j) in each use the first version of AICO 16-QAM constellation and the second edition of its rearrangement originally to be mapped to four bit x respectively ₁ ⁱ, x ₂ ⁱ, x ₃ ⁱ, x ₄ ⁱOr x ₁ ^j, x ₂ ^j, x ₃ ^j, x ₄ ^j, indication is for each code element (I _i, Q _i) and (I _j, Q _j) four bits of correspondence.Based on symbol components (I _i, Q _i) and (I _j, Q _j) actual value and 16-QAM constellation in to consequent (square Euclid) distance of modulated symbol, can be with bit x ₁ ⁱ, x ₂ ⁱ, x ₃ ⁱ, x ₄ ⁱAnd x ₁ ^j, x ₂ ^j, x ₃ ^j, x ₄ ^jIn each and LLR---LLR (x ₁ ⁱ), LLR (x ₂ ⁱ), LLR (x ₃ ⁱ), LLR (x ₄ ⁱ) and LLR (x ₁ ^j), LLR (x ₂ ^j), LLR (x ₃ ^j), LLR (x ₄ ^j)---be associated, said LLR indication corresponding bits equals the certainty of logical value-1 or 1.Next, by four continuous bit x ₁ ⁱ, x ₂ ⁱ, x ₃ ⁱ, x ₄ ⁱAnd x ₁ ^j, x ₂ ^j, x ₃ ^j, x ₄ ^jThe bit stream that forms can be deinterleaved, and detection belongs to first-class data bit.The LLR of the data bit that next, can be associated through combination (bit to) makes up the data bit flow r of reconstruct ₁, r ₂, r ₃, r ₄

When utilizing hard decision work at receiving system 3110 places, tolerance can directly be indicated the logical value of respective data bit.And, in this case, be used for the tolerance addition of the data bit that the right combination of data bit of reconstruct (transmission) data bit flow can be right with this bit simply.It also is possible using the combination of soft decision, that is, before the logical value summation to the right data bit of this data bit, the deterministic probable value that can use indication to detect each logical value is come weighting.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to uses hardware and software to realize above-described each embodiment.Recognize: for example can use the calculating device of general processor, digital signal processor (DSP), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) (ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices etc. to realize or carry out various said methods and above-mentioned various logic piece, module or circuit.Can also carry out or realize various embodiments of the present invention by the combination of these devices.

In addition, can also utilize the software module of carrying out by processor or directly realize various embodiments of the present invention with hardware.Software module and hard-wired combination also are possible.Software module can be stored on the computer-readable recording medium of any kind, for example RAM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory, register, hard disk, CD-ROM, DVD etc.

Claims

1. method that is used to use a 16-QAM constellation and the 2nd 16-QAM constellation to send data bit flow said method comprising the steps of:

Form series of data words from said bit stream, each data word comprises four bits,

Each data word is mapped to the modulated symbol that uses a 16-QAM constellation, with the first order pattern of generation modulated symbol,

Each data word is mapped to the modulated symbol that uses the 2nd 16-QAM constellation, with the second order pattern of generation modulated symbol, and

According to sending diversity scheme, send the first order pattern of modulated symbol and the second order pattern of modulated symbol,

Wherein, a 16-QAM constellation and the 2nd 16-QAM constellation each have can be with the four lines in the complex coordinate plane and four 16 modulated symbols showing of tabulation, and each modulated symbol of 16-QAM constellation represented by the combination of four bits,

Wherein, the modulated symbol a in the 16-QAM constellation _{I, j}With the modulated symbol b in the 2nd 16-QAM constellation _{I, j}Through under list and discern:

-line index j ∈ 0,1,2, and 3}, the row among the four lines of modulated symbol is arranged in indication from top to bottom, and

2. one kind is used to use a 16-QAM constellation and the 2nd 16-QAM constellation to receive the method for data bit flow, said method comprising the steps of:

Reception comprises the transmission signals of the data word of the data bit flow that uses 16-QAM constellation transmission,

Reception comprises the transmission signals of the said data word of using the transmission of the 2nd 16-QAM constellation,

Come the said transmission signals of demodulation through using a 16-QAM constellation and the 2nd 16-QAM constellation to detect the modulated symbol of representing by the data word of four data bits respectively; Thus; The probability of the logical value of the corresponding bits of the modulated symbol that each data bit of the modulated symbol that is received and indication are received, or the tolerance of the logical value of the corresponding bits of the modulated symbol that received of indication be associated

With each data bit that is mapped to a 16-QAM constellation, with its data bit that the is associated combination that is mapped to the 2nd 16-QAM constellation,

The 4th bit in four bits of the corresponding modulated symbol of-expression is selected in two of the 16-QAM constellation symbol region that do not link to each other based on its logical value, and each in these two symbol region that do not link to each other is made up of two row not adjacent to each other,

Wherein, Said method also comprises step: will be sent out each data bit that device is mapped to the modulated symbol that is received of a 16-QAM constellation, be sent out the data bit that device is mapped to the modulated symbol that is received of the 2nd 16-QAM constellation and be associated

Wherein, In combination step; Tolerance based on the tolerance of respective data bit and the data bit that is associated; With each data bit that is mapped to a 16-QAM constellation and its data bit that the is associated combination that is mapped to the 2nd 16-QAM constellation, with the said data bit flow of reconstruct.

3. one kind is used to use a 16-QAM constellation and the 2nd 16-QAM constellation to send the dispensing device of data bit flow, and said dispensing device comprises:

Processing unit is used for forming series of data words from said bit stream, and each data word comprises four bits,

First symbol mapper (3105) is used for each data word is mapped to the modulated symbol that uses a 16-QAM constellation, with the first order pattern of generation modulated symbol,

Second symbol mapper (3106) is used for each data word is mapped to the modulated symbol that uses the 2nd 16-QAM constellation, with the second order pattern of generation modulated symbol, and

Transmitter (3109) is used for sending the first order pattern of modulated symbol and the second order pattern of modulated symbol according to sending diversity scheme,

4. one kind is used to use a 16-QAM constellation and the 2nd 16-QAM constellation to receive the receiving system of data bit flow, and said receiving system comprises:

Receiver (3111) is used to receive the transmission signals of the data word that comprises the data bit flow that uses 16-QAM constellation transmission, and is used to receive the transmission signals that comprises the said data word of using the transmission of the 2nd 16-QAM constellation,

Demodulation parts (3112,3113); Be used for coming the said transmission signals of demodulation through using a 16-QAM constellation and the 2nd 16-QAM constellation to detect the modulated symbol of representing by the data word of four data bits respectively; Thus; The probability of the logical value of the corresponding bits of the modulated symbol that each data bit of the modulated symbol that receives and indication are received, or indicate the tolerance of logical value of the corresponding bits of the modulated symbol that is received to be associated

Data bit flow reconstruction means (3114) is used for each data bit that is mapped to a 16-QAM constellation, makes up with its data bit that is associated that is mapped to the 2nd 16-QAM constellation,

To in a 16-QAM constellation, have each modulated symbol in the first order pattern of two immediate adjacent code elements, be associated with modulated symbol in the 2nd 16-QAM constellation with four immediate adjacent code elements,

To in a 16-QAM constellation, have each modulated symbol in the first order pattern of three immediate adjacent code elements, be associated with modulated symbol in the 2nd 16-QAM constellation with three immediate adjacent code elements, and

To in a 16-QAM constellation, have each modulated symbol in the first order pattern of four immediate adjacent code elements, be associated with modulated symbol in the 2nd 16-QAM constellation with two immediate adjacent code elements,

Wherein, Said data bit flow reconstruction means (3114) be adapted to be be sent out each data bit that device is mapped to the modulated symbol that is received of a 16-QAM constellation, be sent out the data bit that device is mapped to the modulated symbol that is received of the 2nd 16-QAM constellation and be associated

Wherein, Said data bit flow reconstruction means (3114) also is adapted to be the tolerance based on the tolerance of respective data bit and the data bit that is associated; With each data bit that is mapped to a 16-QAM constellation and its data bit that the is associated combination that is mapped to the 2nd 16-QAM constellation, with the said data bit flow of reconstruct.