CN1021459C - Gas producer for hot processing solid fuels - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a coal gas generation furnace which comprises a furnace body 1, a charging device 4 filled with fuel and a residue removing device 22, wherein devices 8, 26 and 19 for supplying coal gas heat carriers, gasification media and circular coal gas to the coal gas generation furnace on the vertical wall of the furnace body 1 along the height; an air chamber 6 for collecting and discharging mixture of steam and coal gas is arranged in the furnace body 1 along a longitudinal axis of the furnace body 1; a top cover 7 is arranged on the air chamber 6 and is directly arranged in the position near the upper end surface of the air chamber; a connecting pipe 23 for discharging the mixture of the steam and the coal gas is arranged on the upper part of the furnace body 1.

Description

Gas producer for hot processing solid fuels

The invention belongs to solid-fuelled hot-work, more particularly, belong to the producer gas generator of hot processing solid fuels.

The invention of being recommended can successfully be used for treated oil shale, to obtain coal gas and tar.

The producer gas generator of known a kind of hot processing solid fuels (as resinous shale) (SU, A, 558523), it contains body of heater, the burner hearth of carbonization at low temperature resinous shale is housed one by one in turn, the burner hearth of semicoke gasification, and the device of sending into and discharge coal gas and solid matter in body of heater.In the carbonization at low temperature burner hearth, four vertically arranged grates are arranged, they are divided into the carbonization at low temperature chamber of two resinous shale and the air chamber of two collections and exhaust vapour gas mixture with cavity pocket of burner hearth, between two carbonization at low temperature chambers, form one along the burner hearth axis and obtain and shunt the air chamber of being with hot body, and the wall of two next-door neighbour of mixed air vessel bodies of heater.

Producer gas generator for having said structure is characterized in, and is indoor in carbonization at low temperature, can not evenly fire resinous shale.Under the situation of resinous shale heating, because the transverse flow that enters the coal gas band hot body of carbonization at low temperature chamber, the speed of band hot body in exit, carbonization at low temperature chamber will reduce than its speed in the ingress.This be since the band hot body temperature approximately from 800～900 ℃ of causes that drop to 150～200 ℃.The volumetrical heat extraction coefficient also will reduce, and this coefficient is relevant with the speed and the temperature of band hot body.So, in the oil shale layer to the radiating condition of collection and exhaust vapour and gas mixture air chamber with severe exacerbation, this will cause and can not carry out hot-work to resinous shale equably and fully.

Simultaneously, also can be with hot body maldistribution in oil shale layer.As everyone knows, near the locular wall of carbonization at low temperature chamber, the situation that the material fragment is close to each other, tight unlike in the middle of the oil shale layer.Therefore therefore, the band hot body mainly is along locular wall in the indoor motion of carbonization at low temperature, and in such zone, processed material will be overheated, the central part of fuel bed then heat insufficient.

In addition, producer gas generator for existing structure, be characterized in, the volume of carbonization at low temperature burner hearth is not high by the degree that resinous shale fills up, effective volume that uses of its burner hearth is 20-40%, remaining part then is used as the air chamber that obtains and shunt the band hot body, and the air chamber of collection and exhaust vapour gas mixture.Grate has also taken most of volume, grate refractory materials manufacturing, and its thickness is 0.4-0.5 rice.The volume of carbonization at low temperature burner hearth utilizes degree not high, can not reach the hot worked high productivity of resinous shale.

Producer gas generator (the SU of known a kind of hot-work solid material, A, 850645), the band hot body of coal gas is along the radius transverse flow, this producer contains vertically arranged body of heater with cover, be placed in the device of the loading solid fuel that body of heater covers, and the device of pressing the supply coal gas band hot body that the chessboard form installs along the body of heater height.Be mounted with the device of collection and exhaust vapour gas mixture in body of heater along its longitudinal center line, this device is made into cylindric air chamber, and communicates with the pipe connecting of exhaust vapour gas mixture.The device of supplying with gasification of coal Jie's thing and circulating gas and the device of removing solid residue are installed one by one in the bottom of body of heater.

Send into the solid fuel in the body of heater working volume, in turn by the carbonization at low temperature district, gasification district and cooling zone.In hot procedure, isolated flying passes from producer gas generator and to collect and the cylindric air chamber of exhaust vapour gas mixture and discharging.

The diameter of collection and exhaust vapour gas mixture air chamber will select to such an extent that make the velocity ratio of mixture in air chamber less, and the resinous shale dust of discharging from producer gas generator is minimum.Therefore, for fear of increasing the resinous shale dust of discharging, the diameter of collection and exhaust vapour gas mixture air chamber should select enough greatly.And will cause reducing the degree that the producer gas generator volume utilizes like this, thereby the productivity of treated oil shale can be too not high yet.

In addition, in heat exchange zone, the main air stream of the circulating gas of heating to collect and the air chamber of exhaust vapour gas mixture mobile, and not with situation that fuel contacts under, flow out from producer gas generator.Like this, the heat of circulating gas Returning flow is arranging can not to be used for distilling solid fuel fully under the situation of technological process like this, and this has just reduced the thermo-efficiency of this process.

Basic task of the present invention is a producer gas generator of building a kind of hot processing solid fuels, the collection of this stove and the selected structural shape of exhaust vapour gas mixture air chamber, by means of the filtrating area of setting up mixed gas, can improve the thermo-efficiency of hot procedure and reduce the solid-fuelled dust of being carried secretly from the effusive vapour gas mixture of producer gas generator that will discharge, thereby can guarantee to improve the productivity of producer gas generator.

Being proposed of task is to solve like this, in the producer gas generator of hot processing solid fuels, contain vertically arranged body of heater with bell, on bell, be equipped with the device of loading solid fuel, in the body of heater wall, supply coal gas band hot body and the vectorial device of gasification highly are housed along it, the air chamber of collection and exhaust vapour gas mixture is housed along its longitudinal center line in body of heater, be provided with the pipe connecting of exhaust vapour gas mixture on the top of body of heater wall, be equipped with the device of supplying with circulating gas in the bottom of body of heater wall, and the device that is placed in the removing solid residue of body of heater bottom, according to the present invention, the air chamber of collection and eliminating mixture is equipped with a conical top cover, this top cover directly is positioned on from very near place, air chamber upper surface, and caping is towards solid-fuelled stowage unit.

Make and collect and mounting face that the lower surface of exhaust vapour gas mixture air chamber is lower than the circulating gas feedway is suitable.

Utilize useful volume that increases solid fuel carbonization at low temperature district and the condition of improving heat exchange, the invention of being released can significantly increase the work capacity of (to 50%) producer gas generator under the situation that does not change its contour dimension.In addition, can reduce the consumption rate of air and coal gas band hot body, reduce the amount of expending of electric energy, and dwindle the specific investment of building producer gas generator.

To the present invention be explained with implementing specific examples of the present invention and accompanying drawing below.

Fig. 1 represents the structure of the producer gas generator of the hot processing solid fuels recommended, and according to the present invention, this figure is a vertical section;

Fig. 2 represents the structure of the producer gas generator recommended, and according to the present invention, this figure is the transverse section;

Fig. 3 represents the structure of the producer gas generator recommended, collects and the lower surface of exhaust vapour gas mixture air chamber is lower than the mounting face of circulating gas feedway, and according to the present invention, this figure is a vertical section.

According to the present invention, the producer gas generator of hot processing solid fuels contains vertically arranged cylindrical furnace 1(Fig. 1), this body of heater is made by refractory materials, and places in the sealed enclosure 2.Central authorities at body of heater top cover 3 are equipped with solid-fuelled stowage unit 4.In the inside of body of heater 1, along its longitudinal center line, will collect and the air chamber 6 of exhaust vapour gas mixture is fixed on the metal frame 5, air chamber 6 is metal cylinders that there is opening at the formed two ends of cylinder of the vertical placement of a usefulness.Air chamber 6 is equipped with a conical top cover, and this top cover directly is equipped with from very near place, air chamber upper surface, and the top of lid is towards solid-fuelled stowage unit 4.On the wall of body of heater 1, highly be equipped with the feedway of coal gas band hot body along it, wherein each device contains combuster 9, as the vortex combustion chamber with have the isocon of grid.Combustion chamber 9 is contained in the outside of producer gas generator body of heater from level to level, the possibility that the number of the number of plies and every layer of inner combustion chamber 9 will be regulated the consumption and the temperature of coal gas band hot body according to the whole volume of producer gas generator, and the uniform situation of coal gas band hot body in the zone of combustion cross section chosen.Three pipe connectings 12,13 and the 14(Fig. 2 that is used for sending into coal gas, air and circulating gas respectively is equipped with in each combustion chamber 9), and communicate with the isocon 10 of itself by flue 15, isocon 10 is the grooves on the body of heater wall 1, is limited with grid from producer gas generator cavity one side.Grid 11 usefulness refractory materialss are made, and form with row's cylinder, arrange inclined element 17(Fig. 1 of " window shutter " formula, 2 with one in the horizontal direction) intersect.In addition, each isocon 10 is by means of access ramp 18(Fig. 1) be communicated with the inner chamber of producer gas generator, these access ramps are produced on the furnace wall of grid 11 following producer gas generators.

Be provided with the circulating gas feedway that is gas port 20 and transverse tube 21 shapes and the clearing device 22 of solid residue in the bottom of body of heater 1.On the top of body of heater 1, the pipe connecting of exhaust vapour gas mixture is housed.

Collecting and the lower surface (Fig. 3) of exhaust vapour gas mixture air chamber 6 is lower than under the situation of mounting face of circulating gas feedway 19, the bottom of air chamber 6 makes of refractory materials, and the element 24 of " window shutter " formula is housed.The bottom of air chamber 6 little by little narrows down, and communicates with the removing pipe 25 of dust.Air chamber 6 is located in (not shown on the figure) on the ring foundation.

The input unit 8 of the coal gas band hot body of Zhi Zuoing in a similar manner, the feedway 19 of gasify vectorial feedway 26 and circulating gas is contained on the wall of body of heater 1 in turn from top to bottom; And they all contain isocon 27, isocon is the groove in body of heater 1 wall, limited with grid 28 in producer gas generator cavity one side, utilized the access ramp 29 in body of heater 1 wall that is produced on grid 28 belows, isocon 27 is communicated with the cavity of producer gas generator.Isocon 27 utilizes pipe connecting 30 to communicate with the combustion chamber that is positioned at producer gas generator body of heater 1 outside, thereby not shown on figure.

The hot processing solid fuels producer gas generator principle of work of being recommended is as follows:

Solid fuel is as resinous shale, by stowage unit 4(Fig. 1) automatic loading coal gas producer, fill up the space between body of heater 1 wall and the air chamber 6, and sequence to stratification on top cover 7.In order to guarantee the connection campaign of resinous shale, and avoid resinous shale to fall the possibility of isocon 10, the grid 11 that the inclined element 17 of usefulness " window shutter " formula is made is housed.In any case in order to remove the fragment that also can fall into the resinous shale in the isocon, ramp way 18 is installed, they can be communicated with isocon 10 with the inner chamber of producer gas generator.In order to obtain being with hot body, respectively coal gas and air are sent into the combustion chamber by pipe connecting 12 and 13.9 exits in the combustion chamber add circulating gas by pipe connecting 4 to the band hot body, with the temperature of accommodation zone hot body, make in its scope that remains on 500-900 ℃.Can send into the oxidation mediators thing that semicoke is gasified by the combustion chamber 9 of lower floor in case of necessity, as steam air, coal gas air, band cigarette AIR MIXTURES are perhaps with the coal gas of cigarette.

9 the coal gas stream from the combustion chamber passes flue 15(Fig. 2) and isocon 10, enter the inner chamber of producer gas generator again by grid 11, and laterally penetrate resinous shale equably along radius, meanwhile, the semi-coking of resinous shale then takes place.Have the coal gas band hot body-vapour gas mixture of resinous shale resolvent-enter air chamber 6, upwards rise, and pass the oil shale layer that is positioned at top cover 7 tops.Vapour gas mixture falls kerosene shale ash by behind this layer resinous shale with brush, accumulates in the top of producer gas generator, is discharged into condensing chamber (not shown on the figure) by pipe connecting 23.Solid residue after the processing falls into the bottom of producer gas generator, is that the backflow of 60-100 ℃ circulating gas is cooled off it with temperature here, and the backflow of circulating gas is introduced into by gas port 20 and transverse tube 21.After this, solid residue is discharged by clearing device 22, and is transported to slag dump.

Like this, increase a top cover 7 that directly is contained in vicinity, air chamber 6 upper surface, can realize filtration, and can significantly reduce the work of from vapour gas mixture, removing kerosene shale ash vapour gas mixture.So just can reduce to be used for to collect the diameter with the cylinder air chamber 4 of exhaust vapour gas mixture, thereby can increase the useful volume of carbonization at low temperature burner hearth.In addition, increase top cover 7, can also utilize the physics heat of coal gas band hot body, heat and the dry resinous shale that enters in the producer gas generator, and be used for partly carbonization at low temperature (in the initial period of this process) and be positioned at the oil shale layer above the top cover 7.Can reduce the thermosteresis in the carbonization process like this, thereby help improving thermo-efficiency.

Resinous shale can provide the semicoke carbon that contains a large amount of carbon when carrying out carbonization at low temperature, such resinous shale is added man-hour, will carry out the intensive pneumatolysis.Send into the oxidation mediators thing in the gas furnace, by device 26(Fig. 3), along the zone of semi-coking of lateral penetration whereabouts.For the cooling solid residue, circulating gas flows into the ashes (residue after the gasification) of whereabouts by device 19.Sedimentary dust in air chamber 6, (or incessantly) is by pipe connecting 25 discharges periodically.In gasification, formed heating gas and flow into the bottom of the air chamber 6 of lengthening by the heated circulating gas of grieshoch, this here coal gas is mixed with vapour gas mixture, flows to then to be positioned at the top solid fuel layer of top cover 7.Like this, gasification vehicle and also can be used to heating and dry resinous shale from the coal gas of cooling zone, and can be used to partly top cover 7 top oil shale layer be carried out carbonization at low temperature.

In a word, the invention of being released can increase the useful volume in producer gas generator carbonization at low temperature district, improves the thermo-efficiency of solid fuel hot procedure, and the productivity that improves producer gas generator.

Claims (2)

1, hot processing solid fuels is the producer gas generator of resinous shale particularly, comprise the vertically arranged body of heater 1 that has top cover 3, be arranged on the solid-fuelled stowage unit 4 on the top cover 3, height along body of heater, be contained in the input unit 8 of the vaporized chemical of the coal gas band hot body on body of heater 1 wall, 26, in the wall of body of heater 1, be provided with the air chamber 6 of collection and exhaust vapour mixture along its longitudinal center line, be contained in the vent pipe 23 of the vapour gas mixture on the furnace wall, body of heater 1 top, be positioned on the feedway 19 of the circulating gas on the furnace wall, body of heater 1 bottom, and the solid residue that is contained in body of heater 1 bottom is removed slag device 22, the characteristics of this gazogene are, be contained in collect and the upper surface of the air chamber 6 of exhaust vapour gas mixture on be a conical nozzle, it is top towards solid-fuelled stowage unit 4.

2, the producer gas generator of hot processing solid fuels according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the lower surface of collection and exhaust vapour gas mixture air chamber 6 is lower than the mounting face of circulating gas feedway 19.

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