CN102145960B - Device and method for denitrifying and dephosphorizing ecological protection multi-level filtration wall in water source area on rural land surface - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an ecological protection device and method for rural surface water sources. The device is integrated and combined with multi-level functional filter walls, including water distribution channels, aerobic section filter walls, anoxic section filter walls, biologically enhanced purification filter walls, collection The water sedimentation tank and the water overflow tank, wherein the filter wall of the aerobic section, the filter wall of the anoxic section, and the filter wall of the biologically enhanced purification section are arranged in series. Advantages: This method has good treatment effects, low investment and operating costs, and simple maintenance. The filter walls at all levels have distinctive features and clear division of labor. The treatment objects are rural domestic sewage and initial runoff drainage from farmland, and are suitable for rural surface water sources and lakes and reservoirs, etc. It can also be used for the treatment of small-scale domestic sewage. It is a cost-effective ecological protection and small-scale domestic sewage treatment method.

Description

Device and method for nitrogen and phosphorus removal by multi-stage filter wall for ecological protection of rural surface water sources

technical field

The invention relates to a nitrogen and phosphorus removal device and method for a multi-stage filter wall for ecological protection of rural surface water sources. The invention belongs to the technical field of purification and ecological restoration of polluted water bodies for environmental protection.

Background technique

At present, the ecological protection of rural surface water sources, lakes and reservoirs mainly includes methods and measures such as artificial wetlands, aquatic plant beds and front reservoirs. Constructed wetlands are simple and easy to implement, but usually the denitrification effect is poor. It is often difficult to remove nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus that cause eutrophication in drinking water sources, lakes and reservoirs, etc. only by plant absorption; , its pollutant removal effect is often difficult to be guaranteed; front-end reservoirs are mainly ecological purification, and their treatment objects are usually low-concentration sewage mixed with non-point source pollution generated in the production process of rural life and precipitation runoff pollution. The treatment efficiency is low, the treatment effect is not good, and usually requires a long hydraulic retention time and a large floor area. The ecological protection of rural surface water sources needs to deal with the high concentration of rural domestic sewage, farmland drainage generated in the process of agricultural production, etc., and also needs to deal with the problem of increased instantaneous load caused by the large amount of low-concentration runoff drainage in the later period of rainfall.

Contents of the invention

The present invention proposes a multi-stage filter wall denitrification and phosphorus removal device and method for ecological protection of rural surface water sources. The device is built upstream of rural surface water sources to intercept rural domestic sewage and farmland runoff drainage. The above-mentioned defects in the existing technology are based on the concept of collecting and treating high-concentration polluted water first, and then discharging low-concentration water. The combination of biological treatment and ecological purification focuses on the treatment of plant absorption, filter material interception and adsorption, etc. to further remove pollutants. ;

4. The water from the bio-enhanced purification filter wall enters the water collection and sedimentation tank through the D permeable flower wall, and the suspended matter is discharged into the lake reservoir through the outlet weir after sedimentation.

3. The multi-stage filter wall denitrification and phosphorus removal device for ecological protection of rural surface water sources according to claim 1, characterized in that the filter wall in the aerobic section is filled with large-aperture filter materials, and the surface of the filter wall in the aerobic section has well-developed root systems. Aquatic plants with strong oxygen transport capacity create an aerobic environment.

4. The multi-stage filter wall denitrification and phosphorus removal device for ecological protection of rural surface water sources according to claim 1, characterized in that the filter wall in the anoxic section is filled with a combined filter material of slow-release carbon source and small pore size, and the anoxic section No plants are planted on the surface of the filter wall, and the process is relatively long, creating an anoxic-anaerobic environment.

5. The multi-stage filter wall nitrogen and phosphorus removal device for ecological protection of rural surface water sources according to claim 1, characterized in that the aerobic section filter wall and the anoxic section filter wall constitute an aerobic-anoxic-anaerobic alternation environment, while removing organic matter, it can realize the whole process of nitrification-denitrification denitrification, which can effectively improve the nitrogen removal rate.

6. The multi-stage filter wall denitrification and phosphorus removal device for ecological protection of rural surface water sources according to claim 1, characterized in that the filter wall of the biologically enhanced purification section is filled with large-pore filter materials that are conducive to plant growth, and plants are planted on the surface, mainly Remove the unremoved organic matter in the effluent of the filter wall in the front aerobic section and the filter wall in the anoxic section, and further absorb nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus to strengthen the purification.

7. The multi-stage filter wall denitrification and phosphorus removal device for ecological protection of rural surface water sources according to claim 1, characterized in that the effluent from the bio-enhanced purification filter wall enters the water collection sedimentation tank through the permeable flower wall, and the suspended matter passes through the outlet weir after sedimentation into the lake.

8. The multi-stage filter wall denitrification and dephosphorization device for ecological protection of rural surface water sources according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the setting of the overflow overflow tank can overflow the late low-concentration runoff drainage under the condition of the rainy season, reducing many Level functional filter wall hydraulic load. Make the sewage form a longer flow state between the distribution channel, the filter wall of the aerobic section, the filter wall of the anoxic section, the bio-enhanced purification filter wall and the water collection sedimentation tank, and the height of the inlet weir is lower than the height of the overflow weir.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. Due to the series arrangement of the filter wall in the aerobic section and the filter wall in the anoxic section, an alternating aerobic-anoxic-anaerobic environment is created, which significantly improves the denitrification effect compared with the conventional ecological purification method, and because reflux is omitted The steps of the installation are simple, and the daily management is very simple.

2. The reoxygenation method of the filter wall in the aerobic section is the drop water oxygenation of the distribution channel combined with the oxygen transmission of the roots of aquatic plants, which does not need to consume power, saves the power consumption required for aeration, and has low investment and operation costs, which simplifies the operation and maintenance. Complexity.

3. In the filter material of the filter wall in the anoxic section, the agricultural waste in the agricultural production process is selected as the denitrification carbon source supplement, which not only solves the problem of insufficient denitrification carbon source in sewage treatment, but also provides resources for the resource utilization of agricultural waste thinking.

4. The setting of the overflow wall can effectively solve the problem of instantaneous hydraulic load increase caused by the large amount of low-concentration runoff drainage in the rainy season.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a structural block diagram of a multi-stage filter wall nitrogen and phosphorus removal device for ecological protection of rural surface water sources.

Figure 2 is a top view of a multi-stage filter wall nitrogen and phosphorus removal device for ecological protection of rural surface water sources.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the multi-stage filter wall nitrogen and phosphorus removal device 1-1 for ecological protection of rural surface water sources.

Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the multi-stage filter wall nitrogen and phosphorus removal device 2-2 for ecological protection of rural surface water sources.

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the multi-stage filter wall nitrogen and phosphorus removal device 3-3 for ecological protection of rural surface water sources.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, its main body is a brick wall structure, which includes a water distribution channel, an aerobic section filter wall, an anoxic section filter wall, a biologically enhanced purification filter wall, a water collection sedimentation tank, and a water overflow tank. , the filter wall of the aerobic section, the filter wall of the anoxic section, the filter wall of the biologically enhanced purification section, and the water collection and sedimentation tank are arranged in series. Set B permeable flower wall between the filter walls, set C permeable flower wall between the anoxic section filter wall and the bio-enhanced purification filter wall, set D water-permeable flower wall between the bio-enhanced purification filter wall and the water collection sedimentation tank, and set D water permeable flower wall between the water distribution channel and the water collection sedimentation tank A partition wall makes the sewage form a longer flow state between the distribution channel, the filter wall of the aerobic section, the filter wall of the anoxic section, the bio-enhanced purification filter wall and the water collection sedimentation tank, and the height of the inlet weir is lower than the height of the overflow weir .

Using this device to remove nitrogen and phosphorus for the ecological protection of rural surface water sources, the steps are:

1. Sewage enters the distribution channel through oxygenation and falls, and enters the aerobic section filter wall through the A permeable flower wall. Aerobic microorganisms remove organic matter and complete nitrification to realize the conversion of ammonia nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen. The filter material simultaneously intercepts and absorbs phosphorus, etc. Pollutants, plants with well-developed root system are planted on the surface of the filter wall in the aerobic section, which can absorb nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus while transporting oxygen to the interior of the filter material through the rhizome;

2. The effluent from the filter wall of the aerobic section enters the filter wall of the anoxic section with a longer process through the permeable flower wall B. The sewage gradually forms an anoxic-anaerobic environment during the pushing process, and the facultative denitrifying bacteria utilize the high concentration in the incoming water The nitrifying liquid realizes denitrification and denitrification, and the broken agricultural waste mixed in the small-pore filter material provides the required carbon source for denitrification;

3. The effluent from the filter wall in the anoxic section enters the biologically enhanced purification filter wall through the C permeable flower wall, and further removes pollutants through plant absorption, filter material interception and adsorption, etc.;

4. The water from the bio-enhanced purification filter wall enters the water collection and sedimentation tank through the D permeable flower wall, and the suspended matter is discharged into the lake reservoir through the outlet weir after sedimentation.

The filter wall of the aerobic section is filled with large-diameter filter materials, and the surface of the filter wall of the aerobic section is planted with well-developed root systems and aquatic plants with strong oxygen transport capacity to create an aerobic environment;

The filter wall in the anoxic section is filled with slow-release carbon source and small pore size combined filter material, no plants are planted on the surface of the filter wall in the anoxic section, and the process is longer, creating an anoxic-anaerobic environment;

An aerobic-anoxic-anaerobic alternating environment is formed by the filter wall of the aerobic section and the filter wall of the anoxic section. While removing organic matter, it can realize the whole process of nitrification-denitrification denitrification, which can effectively improve the nitrogen removal rate;

The filter wall of the bio-enhanced purification section is filled with large-pore filter materials that are conducive to plant growth. Plants are planted on the surface of the filter wall of the bio-enhanced purification section, which mainly removes the organic matter that has not been removed in the effluent of the filter wall of the aerobic section and the anoxic section. Further absorb nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients to play a role in strengthening purification. The effluent of the bio-enhanced purification filter wall enters the water collection sedimentation tank through the permeable flower wall, and the suspended matter is discharged into the lake through the outlet weir after sedimentation. The setting of the overwater overflow tank can overflow the low-concentration runoff drainage in the rainy season and reduce the hydraulic load of the multi-stage functional filter wall.

Example

Sewage enters the distribution channel through oxygenation and falling. The inlet weir of the distribution channel is 100mm lower than the brick wall. It can be a sawtooth weir or a straight weir. After oxygenation, the sewage enters the aerobic section filter wall through the A permeable flower wall , the filling filter material is perlite or ceramsite and other large-aperture filter materials, the filling height is 400-500mm, the surface is planted with windmill grass or water spinach, the height of the permeable flower wall ultra-filtration material is about 150-200mm, and the thickness is about 115mm for standard bricks and half bricks. The brick hole distance is 60-80mm, ensuring that the opening ratio of the flower wall is greater than 1/3. The aerobic microorganisms enriched in the filler in the filter wall of the aerobic section remove organic matter and complete nitrification, realizing the conversion of ammonia nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen. Intercept and absorb pollutants such as phosphorus, plant windmill grass or water spinach with well-developed root system on the surface, and absorb nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients while transporting oxygen to the interior of the filter material through the rhizome. The effluent from the filter wall of the aerobic section enters the filter wall of the anoxic section with a longer process through the permeable flower wall of B. The specification and size of the permeable flower wall of B are the same as that of the permeable flower wall of A. The material is cinder combined with broken agricultural waste with a length of less than 50mm, and the filling height is 500-600mm. The sewage gradually forms an anoxic-anaerobic environment during the push flow process, and the facultative oxygen reaction enriched on the cinder filter material and broken agricultural waste The nitrifying bacteria use the high-concentration nitrifying liquid in the effluent water of the aerobic section to achieve denitrification and denitrification, and the broken agricultural waste with a length of less than 50 mm provides the required carbon source for denitrification after decay. The effluent of the filter wall in the anoxic section enters the biologically enhanced purification filter wall through the C permeable flower wall. The specifications and dimensions of the C permeable flower wall are the same as the A water permeable flower wall. The biologically enhanced purification filter wall is filled with perlite or ceramsite filter material, the filling height is 400-500mm, and the surface is planted Calamus, reed or water celery, etc., further remove pollutants through plant absorption, filter material interception and adsorption, etc., and the water from the bio-enhanced purification filter wall enters the water collection sedimentation tank through the D permeable flower wall. The specifications and dimensions of the D permeable flower wall are the same as A. The height is the same as the height of the filter material in the bio-enhanced purification filter wall. After the suspended matter in the effluent water is settled, the clear water enters the lake reservoir through the weir of the effluent.

In the whole process from the aerobic filter wall to the bio-enhanced purification filter wall, the surface height of the filter material is the same. The height of the overflow weir is set to be 50mm lower than the height of the brick wall and 50mm higher than the inlet weir. In non-rainy season conditions, rural domestic sewage and farmland runoff drainage enter the distribution channel through the inlet weir. The low runoff drainage is directly discharged into the water body through the overflow wall through the overflow tank to reduce the hydraulic load of the multi-stage functional filter wall.

Claims (8)

1. rural area surface water seedbed ecological protection cascade filtration wall denitrification dephosphorization apparatus; It is characterized in that main body is a brick wall structure; Comprise in the brick wall that distributing flue, aerobic section filter wall, the filtration of anoxic section wall, biological reinforced purification filtering wall, settling tank and mistake water overflow groove catchment; Wherein distributing flue, aerobic section filter wall, the anoxic section is filtered wall, biological reinforced clean-up stage filtration wall, the settling tank arranged in series of catchmenting; Distributing flue and aerobic section filter between wall the permeable tracery wall of A are set, and aerobic section filters between wall and anoxic section filtration wall the permeable tracery wall of B is set, and the anoxic section is filtered between wall and biological reinforced purification filtering wall the permeable tracery wall of C is set; Biological reinforced purification filtering wall and catchment the permeable tracery wall of D is set between settling tank; Distributing flue and catchment partition wall together is set between the settling tank makes that sewage filters wall at distributing flue, aerobic section, the anoxic section is filtered wall, biological reinforced purification filtering wall and catchmented and forms long fluidised form between the settling tank, and the influent weir open height is lower than the overflow weir open height.

2. surface water seedbed, rural area according to claim 1 ecological protection cascade filtration wall denitrification dephosphorization apparatus; It is characterized in that aerobic section filters fills the wide aperture filtrate within the walls; Aerobic section filters wall surface plantation well developed root system, and the waterplant that oxygen carrying capacity is strong is built aerobic environment.

3. surface water seedbed, rural area according to claim 1 ecological protection cascade filtration wall denitrification dephosphorization apparatus; It is characterized in that the anoxic section filters the combination filtrate fill slowly-releasing carbon source and small-bore within the walls; The anoxic section is filtered the wall surface and is not planted plant, and flow process is longer, builds anoxic-anaerobic environment.

4. surface water seedbed, rural area according to claim 1 ecological protection cascade filtration wall denitrification dephosphorization apparatus; It is characterized in that filtering wall and constituting aerobic-anoxic-anaerobism alternative environment by aerobic section filtration wall, anoxic section; Removing the organic while; Realize nitrated-denitrifying whole process denitrogenation, effectively improve the clearance of nitrogen.

5. surface water seedbed, rural area according to claim 1 ecological protection cascade filtration wall denitrification dephosphorization apparatus; It is characterized in that biological reinforced clean-up stage is filtered fills the wide aperture filtrate that is beneficial to plant-growth within the walls; Surface plantation plant; Mainly not removed as yet organism in removal leading portion aerobic section filtration wall, the water outlet of anoxic section filtration wall, and further absorbed nitrogen, phosphorus nutrition material play the effect of strengthened purification.

6. surface water seedbed, rural area according to claim 1 ecological protection cascade filtration wall denitrification dephosphorization apparatus is characterized in that the water outlet of biological reinforced purification filtering wall gets into the settling tank that catchments through permeable tracery wall, and the suspended matter post precipitation enters Hu Ku through the water outlet crest of weir.

7. surface water seedbed, rural area according to claim 1 ecological protection cascade filtration wall denitrification dephosphorization apparatus is characterized in that the later stage lower concentration runoff draining under the overflow condition in rainy season that is provided with of water overflow groove, alleviated multistage functional filtration wall hydraulic load.

8. rural area surface water seedbed ecological protection cascade filtration wall denitrification and dephosphorization method is characterized in that this method comprises the steps:

One, the mode fallen through oxygenation of sewage gets into distributing flue; Get into aerobic section through the permeable tracery wall of A and filter wall; Aerobic microbiological is removed organism and is accomplished nitrification, realizes the conversion of ammonia nitrogen to nitric nitrogen, and filtrate dams simultaneously and adsorbs phosphor contaminant matter; Aerobic section filters wall surface plantation well developed root system plant, through rhizome absorbed nitrogen, phosphorus nutrition material when cure by oxygen therapy filtrate inside;

Two, aerobic section filters the wall water outlet and filters wall through the long anoxic section of the permeable tracery wall entering of B flow process; Sewage forms anoxic-anaerobic environment gradually in the plug-flow process; The oxygen property denitrifying bacteria of holding concurrently is used to water middle and high concentration nitrification liquid and realizes denitrification denitrogenation, and the broken agricultural wastes of blended are that denitrification provides required carbon source in the filtrate of small-bore;

Three, the anoxic section is filtered the wall water outlet and is got into biological reinforced purification filtering wall through the permeable tracery wall of C, and through plant absorbing, filtrate is held back adsorption and further removed pollutent;

Four, the water outlet of biological reinforced purification filtering wall gets into the settling tank that catchments through the permeable tracery wall of D, and the suspended matter post precipitation enters Hu Ku through the water outlet crest of weir.

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