CN102143620A - Method for improving electrothermal efficiency of electrothermal medium in electrode type electric water heater - Google Patents
Method for improving electrothermal efficiency of electrothermal medium in electrode type electric water heater Download PDFInfo
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- CN102143620A CN102143620A CN2010105165905A CN201010516590A CN102143620A CN 102143620 A CN102143620 A CN 102143620A CN 2010105165905 A CN2010105165905 A CN 2010105165905A CN 201010516590 A CN201010516590 A CN 201010516590A CN 102143620 A CN102143620 A CN 102143620A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for improving the electrothermal efficiency of an electrothermal medium in an electrode type electric water heater. The invention relates to an electrothermal conversion medium, an electrode is used for diluting the concentration of electrolyte solution, and the electric conductivity of the electrothermal conversion medium reaches or approaches that of the electrolyte. After water molecules are fully ionized, a proton shifting tunnel three-dimensional network is formed, and the proton current in the electric field almost fully heats the water molecules, so that the electrical heating efficiency is improved. To complement the charge lack of the proton current caused in the shifting process, hydric nanometre titanium alloy powder is properly added to ensure that hydrogen exists in the water in the form of free atom and exists near a hydrated proton shifting network. The hydrogen atom has the functions of complementing the proton current and improving the electrothermal efficiency. In order to ensure the normal operation of the electrode type heater, the sediments containing carbonate in the heating process cannot be used, which is the guarantee for safe operation. The method for measuring and calculating the electrothermal conversion efficiency according to a plurality of physical parameters of the computer is the technical support to improve the electrothermal conversion efficiency of the electrode type electric water heater.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the concentration of the electric heating medium-electrolyte aqueous solution in the electric pole type electric heater; The electrolyte kind; And be dissolved in gaseous species in the aqueous solution, to the raising method of the conductive characteristic and the electric conversion efficiency of its electrolyte.
Background technology
In the electrolytic metal pond and during battery charging and discharging, electrolyte release heat wherein is counted as the physical phenomenon of nature.
In two tame enterprises electric pole type electric heater production exploitation in the participating country once in last century.Usually finding " surpassing " heat phenomenon to product thermal power calibration measurements with to the electric pole type electric heater that product is tried out in various places.At that time due to limited conditions, further investigation is not gone down.Simultaneously the water heater that also directly adds hot tap-water because of electrode can't adapt to various places running water conductivity variations, and product is withdrawn from the market comprehensively.
The Shanghai running water was subjected to inwelling in 2006, and water factory announces running water salt content 250-500 mg/litre.Adopt the electric pole type water heater to measure power and electric conversion efficiency in this section.Condition of work is a 220V voltage, and electric current changes from 10 peaces to 19 peaces.At this moment electrothermal efficiency is about 1.5-1.9.And the electrothermal efficiency that adds hot tap-water with the electrothermal tube water heater equally has only about 0.85.When directly adding hot sea water with electrode, condition is a 220V voltage, electric current 35 peaces, and electrothermal efficiency is only about 0.5.This illustrates that rare electrolyte has higher electrothermal efficiency than dense electrolyte, and this is that a very important experiment is found.
On September 17th, 2007, Britain's " Daily Mail " report on September 16th, 2007 " the ECOWATTS president of a company of Britain announces; supported 1,400 ten thousand pounds in DTI; last 10 years; develop electric pole type electrical heat energy pipe; interelectrode wet chemical is under catalyst action, by 2 times of heat energy of output in the electrolyte aqueous solution " (seeing attached sheet one) was reprinted by sohu.com.
Through looking into the electric pole type electrical heat energy pipe that this Britain company develops is according to Irishman's Christoffer. the Robert. and the electric pole type electrical heat energy pipe that Eric's Si (ChristopherRobert ECCLES) United States Patent (USP) 6290836 (seeing attached sheet two) is developed.The inventor in patent, propose " ... different amount of substance; during; being directly proportional discharges its chemical equivalent by certain electric power ... ", " ... electrolyte produces plasma discharge, and this discharge energy substantially exceeds the energy that produces the discharge input ... " (seeing attached sheet two patent documentations Chinese translation part).
The electric pole type electrothermal tube of above Britain ECWATTS company exploitation has passed through professors' independent test respectively of Univ Nottingham UK, York University, Canadian University of Bristol and New York University, all the electrolyte output twice heat energy of electrothermal tube is had no objection, but also all do not admit the release its " chemical equivalent " of patent inventor's proposition and the saying of " ionic discharge energy ".Scientific circles' experiment also of no use so far verifies that any new energy generation is arranged since announced this device in 2007.
What industrial quarters was concerned about most is how to configure this " surpassing " heat electrolyte to make the energy-conserving product that makes new advances.This also says that as the professor of New York University " the honest people that say still hold the suspicious attitude to this.Our very delight assessment that can participate in this time is useless even prove it at last.But this is a very effective device, can substitute traditional immersion heater (seeing attached sheet one) ".
According to finding that it produces great amount of carbon dioxide gas in heating process to electric pole type heater heats wet chemical the time, it is stifled to occur gas in the pipeline of radiator easily, so only be suitable for having in the warmer tool of large-scale heat radiation load, be not suitable in the high-power quick electric water heater.
In order to develop high-power quick electric pole type electric heater, must restudy the electric heating transfer characteristic of electrolyte, to reach the purpose of the electric heater of making high electrothermal efficiency.
Summary of the invention
1. for improving the electrothermal efficiency of electric pole type water heater, find out the electrothermal efficiency under different electrolytes concentration and kind, developed " O " shape pipe testing apparatus (seeing that accompanying drawing one also is an electric pole type electric heater operation principle schematic flow sheet).
Following brief description: the electrolyte aqueous solution that configures is put into " O " shape pipe, at electrolyte under the effect of solution pump when having added the electrode of voltage, be subjected to the heating of electric current, electrolyte after the heating and heat exchanger exchange heat energy heat outputting water, everything all will be at that time after the data of surveying sent computer to by gage outfits such as detectable temperature, flow, pressure, electric currents, electric conversion efficiency when finding out different electrolytes concentration, and the working point when finding out the highest electric conversion efficiency according to institute's parameters calculated.
2. the conduction function of well-known electrolyte is very complicated, is to be taken as the leading factor by the electrolyte negative ions according to electrolyte known to the electrolyte theory when the conduction.At this moment the electric current overwhelming majority has heated electrolytical negative ions, in order to add the negative ions of hot water as far as possible, must solve according to the electrolyte theory.(see attached sheet three, extracts is shown " electrochemistry (ELECTROCHEMISTRY ", original work second edition, Chemical Industry Press from people such as German Ka Er .H. Hamanns, in January, 2010 printing, part paper and chart in the 18th page, the 25th page, the 26th page and the 42nd page in the book).
Learn in the electrolyte aqueous solution of utmost point dilution, just to have great conductivity according to this book because at this moment moisture the abundant ionization H that comes out
+And OH
-(seeing table 2.3 some electrolyte solutions conductivity value when variable concentrations when 25 spend in the accompanying drawing two).H wherein
+Be the proton that hydrogen atom has lost an electronics, it becomes proton hydrate (seeing Fig. 2 .12 and Fig. 2 .13 in the accompanying drawing three) with the water molecules with polarization shape again.The partial structurtes figure of hydrated metal cation in Fig. 2 .19 aqueous solution in four with reference to the accompanying drawings, in order to form the tunnelling delivery network of three-dimensional proton hydrate, electrolyte is generally chosen the aqueous solution that high-valency metal and weak acid form salt, will form multilayer hydrate molecule layer.According to data in the attached sheet three, the interior hydration layer water molecular number of monoacidic base metal ion is 3, and the water molecule number of the interior hydrated sheath of other divalence and Tricationic is six.This efficient for proton electric current process water molecular network is greatly improved.So just formed the tunnelling delivery network (seeing in the accompanying drawing five that proton is by the schematic diagram of molecule transport mechanism in Fig. 2 .14 aqueous solution) of the proton hydrate of layer stereo.
Apply voltage this moment, and proton preferentially transmits at direction of an electric field, forms the proton electric current.Protolysis causes the heating effect to hydrone, has also proved the mechanism that proton transmits at the aqueous solution simultaneously.This has illustrated to have only the electric current that forms in the utmost point diluted electrolyte aqueous solution based on the proton electric current " all " to heat hydrone, and the heat that reaches electrolyte output twice comes.According to the 26th page of fifth line reciprocal of attached sheet 3, formed temperature effect reaches 150 maximums (measure and under high pressure carry out) of having arrived when spending when the proton electric current transmits in the aqueous solution, so its temperature can never reach " fusion point ".In the container of sealing, also be observe the conservation of energy simultaneously even if " chemical equivalent " release heat is arranged, the method for hydrone that we have only found a kind of utilization " proton " current flow heats.The efficient of this mode of heating has substantially exceeded present our electric conversion efficiency known to physics circle.
We have been not only theoretically simultaneously also from only experimentally having verified the utmost point diluted electrolyte aqueous solution under the situation of the abundant ionization of hydrone, and the formed electric current of electric field just can " all " heating hydrone, just have the phenomenon of generation twice heat.
Add in the equipment of hot water so this heating principle is applied in industrial or agricultural, to saving electric energy huge positive effect is arranged, this also is the basis of our Future Development low-carbon (LC) pollution-free industry.
3. because being every rising kilowatt-hour conductance, the conductivity of electrolyte increases by 2%, so speed is slower when the electric pole type electric heater starts, while because the electric charge of the negative ions of the aqueous solution moves the shortage that also can cause protolysis amount in the water, has influenced the increase of proton electric current in the heated by electrodes process.In electric field, the hydrogen atom in the hydrone has lost electronics and has formed the proton electric current.Through experiment, in electrolyte, charge into suitable hydrogen, at this moment hydrogen is dissolved in the electrolyte aqueous solution with atomic state.It rests near the tunnel delivery network of proton hydrate, and the hydrogen atom under electric field action in the aqueous solution also can lose electronics and hydrone and form proton hydrate, or obtains electron reduction and become hydrogen atom.This is that the increase of confrontation electron current is best replenishing, and has improved the electric conversion efficiency of proton current flow heats hydrone.Hydrogen has high standard simultaneously
It is tens of times of the aqueous solution.Owing to have good thermal conduction characteristic, be good heat carrier, this efficient to electrolyte and external heat exchanger heat-shift has great raising.
According to the principle of nulcear magnetic resonance (NMR), know that hydrogen and isotope deuterium are four magnetic moment structures, so can viscous around hydrone with polarization shape.It is the best substitute of proton electric current, and it plays the confrontation electron current and augments effect in electrolyte aqueous solution.This is the raising proton current flow heats electrolyte aqueous solution that is found at present, improves the method for electrothermal efficiency.
So in the dim heating system of worker China Democratic National Construction Association water, charge into hydrogen in right amount and raising heat exchanger effectiveness, the saving energy had realistic meaning to improving the heat-carrying capacity and strengthening heat transfer density.
4. in the electroheat equipment of heated by electrodes electrolyte, the temperature and conductive characteristic of the electrolyte of chatting except that the front, it also is subjected to the influence of the outside heat supply load variations of heat exchanger.When electrolyte reaches 150 when spending, when electric field continues electrolyte heated, also can reduce electrothermal efficiency.Therefore, the electric field electric current of control firing equipment is the method that improves electric conversion efficiency in actual use.Change the spacing that electric current normally changes the area or the electrode of electrode here, the spacing effect that changes electrode is obvious, but the manufacturing cost height, complicated operation.And the method for change electrode area, cost is low, and this is the method for selecting for use usually.In addition, importantly, will be with reference to the accompanying drawings in one measurement mechanism and by the measurement data of computer to each point, as: the leaving water temperature and the flow of electrode current, electrolyte temperature, electrolyte flow rate, " O " shape pipe pressure, heat exchanger are measured, are calculated, find out best operating point, remain on variation about 130 degree in this suggestion working temperature.The raising of the electrothermal efficiency of the electric pole type electric heater that reality is used is guaranteed like this, has also given the mode of standard simultaneously in safe handling.And in the large-scale electric pole type electric heating appliance especially will to the gas pressure in the conduit and electrolyte flow rate as mainly detect, the index of calibration could guarantee the raising of electrothermal efficiency.
To detection, calculating and the power control of also adopting the aforementioned calculation machine in the industrial equipment of large-scale heated by electrodes water, this has huge energy-conserving action to improving industrial heat.
Description of drawings:
1. electrode 2. temp probes, 3. titrating solution input port 4. heat exchangers, 5. hot water outlet flowmeters and thermometer 6. cold water inlets and thermometer 7. conductivity electrode and thermometer 8. electrolyte circulating pumps 9 electrolyte aqueous solutions 10. Pressure gauges.
Accompanying drawing 2 is table 2.3 some electrolyte solutions conductivity values when variable concentrations when 25 spend.
Accompanying drawing 3 is Fig. 2 .12 and Fig. 2 .13 proton hydrate structure chart.
Accompanying drawing 4 is ion network structure charts of hydrated metal in Fig. 2 .19 aqueous solution.
Accompanying drawing 5 is that proton passes through hydrone transport mechanism schematic diagram in Fig. 2 .14 aqueous solution.
Embodiment
1. the collocation method of the kind of electrolyte and concentration
Operation element should be by personnel's configuration of being familiar with electrochemistry knowledge, and glassware is generally selected in the work of configuration for use, for example: buret, measuring cup, dropper etc.Essential in advance the cleaning of these utensils through strict chemical analysis purity.Especially will clean the residual of organic solution, ionization has great retardation to hydrone for it.
2. material configuration is preferentially selected for use through the pure water of distillation with salt, alkali and the acid of chemical purity and is disposed as electrolyte.For example can choose potash, soda ash, phosphoric acid ferripotassium or the like.Mix with pure purifying waste water, concentration is generally chosen every liter 0.01 (mol.dm
-3) about, fully pour into after the dissolving in " O " shape pipe to full.Start solution pump again, utilize computer measurement to go out the conductivity of electrolyte and temperature etc., its conductivity should near or reach in the accompanying drawing two molar conductivity of this represented electrolytical utmost point dilute aqueous solution in the table 2.3, go out the highest electrothermal efficiency with COMPUTER CALCULATION simultaneously and determine solution concentration.
3. when selecting two or more electrolyte utmost point dilute aqueous solution configurations for use, want to allot respectively earlier the conductivity under the electrolyte utmost point dilute aqueous solution state separately, the suggestion solution concentration is about 0.001-0.005, and then mix to pour in " O " shape pipe and move its conductivity of test and electrothermal efficiency, choose the highest electrothermal efficiency with the mode that changes concentration.
4. in order to increase the proton conductive magnitude of current in the utmost point diluted electrolyte aqueous solution, allowing suitably increases hydrogen atom in the water and replenishes the proton electric current, put into the nanometer shape titanium alloy powder that suitably contains hydrogen in the aqueous solution.
The titanium alloy powder of hydrogen will be put into hydrogen gas cylinder earlier, puts into the titanium alloy powder of proper amount of nano shape at low temperatures, charges into hydrogen then, deposits more than 24 hours.Taking-up contains the nanometer shape titanium alloy powder of hydrogen, inserts in " O " shape pipe, and its amount will be by the experiment decision.Here it is decides the amount of putting into by the computer measurement electrode water heater adding electric current, pipeline pressure and the electrothermal efficiency of pining for.This is a careful experimentation, will note handling safety simultaneously.Because when containing the nanometer shape titanium alloy powder of hydrogen in the electrolyte and in the aqueous solution, heating up, will discharge atom state hydrogen and replenish the proton electric current, so just improve the electrothermal efficiency of electric pole type electric heater.
5. because the electric pole type hot water tank generally all adopts the nylon plastic(s) article construction, in the as easy as rolling off a log electrolyte that pierces in the container of carbon dioxide in air, form the precipitation salt like this, cause the electrode partial short-circuit and stop up fluid pipeline with some metal ion.So, when electrolyte configuration solution, must notice preventing that some metal ion from easily forming the salt that precipitates with carbon dioxide, such slaine can not be used for disposing electrolyte.
6. because utmost point dilute electrolyte adds the aqueous solution of pining for forming meta-alkalescence or slant acidity in electrode work, at this moment can increase the conductivity of electrolyte, at this moment the corrosiveness of the electrolyte of these Acidity of Aikalinitys to be noted, therefore kind and the quantity that electrolyte uses will be controlled in right amount container.
Claims (8)
1. adopting the conducting medium of the aqueous solution of utmost point diluted electrolyte as electrode in the equipment of industrial heated by electrodes water, is the necessary condition that forms based on the proton electric current, and at this moment electrode can " all " add hydrothermal solution, reaches the efficient that improves the electric heating conversion.Under big as far as possible degree, reduce the conductivity degree of other electrolytical negative ions in the electrolyte.
2. adopting an amount of hydrogeneous titanium alloy powder of nanometer shape that adds in the heated by electrodes and the diluted electrolyte aqueous solution, is the conductance that improves in the electrolyte aqueous solution, and the power of proton electric current.This is the important means that improves the electrolyte electric conversion efficiency.
3. in the aqueous solution of utmost point diluted electrolyte, definitely can not have in electrolyte salt decomposition of being adopted and the conduction with carbonic acid to form sedimentary situation existence, this is the assurance of heated by electrodes and trouble free service.
4. suitably select all kinds of electrolyte aqueous solutions, the meta-alkalescence of the formed aqueous solution and slant acidity are helpful for improving conductivity in heated by electrodes.
5. adopting the method that the computer multiple spot detects and the calculating electrothermal efficiency is carried out synchronously, is the important assurance that improves the electric pole type heater.
6. in industrial heated by electrodes wetting system, adopt the water of the high conductivity of utmost point dilute electrolyte to heat, have energy-saving effect.
7. in the industrial heated by electrodes and the heating aqueous solution, put into hydrogeneous nanometer shape titanium alloy in right amount, helpful to the heat exchange density and the heat exchanger effectiveness that improve hot water.
8. owing to contain hydrogen atom in the hot water, scavenging action is arranged for the sediment of electrode boiler, beneficial to improving safe handling.
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| CN2010105165905A CN102143620A (en) | 2010-10-22 | 2010-10-22 | Method for improving electrothermal efficiency of electrothermal medium in electrode type electric water heater |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107218718A (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2017-09-29 | 沈阳世信节能设备有限公司 | The electrode boiler of current control mode |
| CN110173891A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-08-27 | 上海理工大学 | The integrated cover board of heated by electrodes heating installation |
| CN110173892A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-08-27 | 上海理工大学 | Using the heated by electrodes heating installation of ceramic boxes |
| CN110243012A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-09-17 | 天津军峰电热技术有限公司 | It is integrated in the integrated heats of fibreglass reinforced plastic cover |
-
2010
- 2010-10-22 CN CN2010105165905A patent/CN102143620A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107218718A (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2017-09-29 | 沈阳世信节能设备有限公司 | The electrode boiler of current control mode |
| CN110173891A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-08-27 | 上海理工大学 | The integrated cover board of heated by electrodes heating installation |
| CN110173892A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-08-27 | 上海理工大学 | Using the heated by electrodes heating installation of ceramic boxes |
| CN110243012A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-09-17 | 天津军峰电热技术有限公司 | It is integrated in the integrated heats of fibreglass reinforced plastic cover |
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Application publication date: 20110803 |