CN102143101A - Mirror-extended frequency domain windowing orthogonal frequency division multiple access channel estimation method - Google Patents
Mirror-extended frequency domain windowing orthogonal frequency division multiple access channel estimation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mirror-extended frequency domain windowing orthogonal frequency division multiple access channel estimation method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: 1, mirror extension, namely, performing mirror extension by L points on a received orthogonal frequency division multiple access frequency domain reference signal with the length of M points, wherein M is an orthogonal frequency division multiple access transmission bandwidth as well as the length of the reference signal in a frequency domain, and L is an extended length specifically determined by the transmission bandwidth; and 2, frequency domain windowing, namely, multiplying an obtained mirror-extended channel frequency domain response by using a window, wherein the window is an L-point ring shifts left window with the length of M+L points and adjustable parameters, the parameters are related to a signal to noise ratio, M is the orthogonal frequency division multiple access transmission bandwidth as well as the length of the reference signal in the frequency domain, and L is the extended length specifically determined by the transmission bandwidth. By the method, estimation performance can be improved, and the interference of code division multiplexing can be resisted under the condition of multiplexing the reference signals of a plurality of transmitters by different ring shifts.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of MIMO(Multiple of being applied to Input and Multiple Output, multiple-input and multiple-output)-OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access, OFDM) channel estimating of system belongs to the communication transmission technology field.
Background technology
Noise is also introduced in the distortion of the channel that information can be subjected in transmission course, especially in radio communication, and the radio channel state very severe, channel is a multipath, in time, become.In theory, as long as how accurately estimate channel acts on transmission signals, just can recover information transmitted.In practical communication system, often adopt the pilot tone assisted channel estimation, the known signal (claiming reference signal again) of transmitter transmission just, receiver extracts channel information from the reference signal that receives.
As a multicarrier system, OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access, OFDM) is OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple, OFDM) evolution of technology, be after utilizing OFDM that channel carry out subcarrierization, on the parton carrier wave, load the transmission technology of transmission data.Because the good character of OFDMA system, can be with transmission signals and channel impulse response multiplying each other after the linear convolution on the time domain is equivalent to both to transform to frequency domain fully.Receiver obtains the reference signal of the reception on the frequency domain after the OFDM demodulation, then it just can be obtained channel frequency domain response divided by the reference signal that sends.
The channel frequency domain response that obtains above contains noise and interference, and actual communication systems need guarantee reliable channel estimating under the low signal-to-noise ratio condition.The energy major part of considering channel impulse response concentrates on the interior time domain sampling point of time delay expansion, and noise profile (it is generally acknowledged that noise is a white noise) on all time domain sampling points, the channel estimating of OFDMA system often adopts the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) based on DFT() transform domain suppress the algorithm of noise, can reach good channel estimating performance and lower complexity.Its basic scheme is that the channel frequency domain response that contains noise is done the contrary discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of IDFT() transform to time domain after, on time domain,,, suppress noise such as adding the methods such as window of dead length for the expansion of channel maximum delay by someway.
Because the transmission bandwidth of OFDMA is little with respect to system bandwidth, receiving terminal can only obtain the fraction channel frequency domain response.After channel frequency domain response is IDFT and transforms to time domain, the channel impulse response energy can leak on all sampling points, though so next time-domain windowed has kept most energy of channel impulse response, removed noise, but also removed the leakage energy of useful channel impulse response simultaneously, cause channel estimation errors on frequency domain, to be the Gibbs(gibbs) phenomenon, promptly the error on the central authorities of the channel frequency domain response estimation error ratio on the edge subcarrier subcarrier is much bigger.Even this also causes under the high s/n ratio condition, suppress the noise algorithm based on the transform domain of DFT and still have big estimated bias, also can be described as the flat phenomenon of error.
In addition, multi-antenna technology in the Modern Communication System, as space division multiple access, multipoint cooperative etc., receiver need be distinguished different transmitting terminals by the reference signal of code division multiplexing.In real system, because the concentration of energy of channel impulse response generally reaches multiplexing by different cyclic shifts in the time delay expansion.Yet, because power difference to some extent when the reference signal of different transmitting terminals receives in the real system, the energy leakage of the channel impulse response of the transmitting terminal that received power is bigger will interfere with the less transmitting terminal of received power like this, is called code division multiplexing among the present invention and disturbs.Especially under the less situation of OFDMA transmission bandwidth, the energy leakage situation of channel impulse response is more serious, thereby brings serious code division multiplexing to disturb.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem:The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of frequency domain windowing OFDM channel estimation methods of mirror image expansion, can improve the evaluated error performance, and can the reference signal of a plurality of transmitting terminals by different cyclic shift multiplexed situation under the interference of antagonism code division multiplexing.
Technical scheme:For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention proposes a kind of frequency domain windowing OFDM channel estimation methods of mirror image expansion, and this method comprises the steps:
The first step, mirror image expansion: be to the length that receives
The OFDM frequency domain reference signal of point is carried out
The mirror image expansion of point;
Being the OFDM transfer bandwidth, also is the length of reference signal on frequency domain,
Be extension length, concrete value depends on the transmission bandwidth size;
Second step, frequency domain windowing: the channel frequency domain response after the mirror image expansion that obtains is multiplied by window
, window
Be that a length is
The adjustable window of parameter of point
The left cyclic shift of point, wherein
Parameter relevant with signal to noise ratio;
Being the OFDM transfer bandwidth, also is the length of reference signal on frequency domain,
Be extension length, concrete value depends on the transmission bandwidth size;
In the 3rd step, implement by the channel frequency domain response after mirror image expansion and the frequency domain windowing above-mentioned
The contrary discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of point transforms to time domain;
Being the OFDM transfer bandwidth, also is the length of reference signal on frequency domain,
Be extension length, concrete value depends on the transmission bandwidth size;
In the 4th step, the time-domain signal that obtains is come the channel impulse response energy and the noise separation of a plurality of transmitting terminals by windowing;
The 5th step, with the channel impulse response energy trailing zero of each transmitting terminal extremely
Point is implemented respectively
The point discrete Fourier conversion transforms to frequency domain;
Being the OFDM transfer bandwidth, also is the length of reference signal on frequency domain,
Be extension length, concrete value depends on the transmission bandwidth size;
The 6th step is before the channel frequency domain response of each transmitting terminal
Individual divided by window
Before
Individual, obtain channel estimation results;
Being the OFDM transfer bandwidth, also is the length of reference signal on frequency domain.
Preferably, in the first step, mirror image expansion method be:
Wherein,
Be the channel frequency domain response that receives, length is
,
Be the frequency domain response after the mirror image expansion, length is
,
Being the OFDM transfer bandwidth, also is the length of reference signal on frequency domain,
Be extension length, concrete value depends on the transmission bandwidth size.
Preferably, in second step, the method for frequency domain windowing is:
Wherein
Be the frequency domain response after the mirror image expansion,
Be frequency domain sampling point sequence number,
Be defined as:
Preferably, in the 3rd step, concrete implementation method is: to the channel frequency domain response of mirror image expansion and frequency domain windowing
Implement
The contrary discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of point transforms to time-domain signal
Wherein,
Be frequency domain sampling point sequence number,
Be time domain sampling point sequence number;
Being the OFDM transfer bandwidth, also is the length of reference signal on frequency domain,
Be extension length, concrete value depends on the transmission bandwidth size.
Preferably, in the 5th step, concrete implementation method: to the channel impulse response of each transmitting terminal
Do respectively
Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) obtains the domain channel response of a plurality of transmitting terminals
, wherein
iIn order to distinguish different user;
Be frequency domain sampling point sequence number,
Be time domain sampling point sequence number;
Being the OFDM transfer bandwidth, also is the length of reference signal on frequency domain,
Be extension length, concrete value depends on the transmission bandwidth size.
Preferably, in the 6th step, concrete implementation method: to each user's
Before
Individual sampling point is divided by window function
, promptly
Be frequency domain sampling point sequence number,
iIn order to distinguish different user; Obtain a plurality of users' channel frequency domain response
Beneficial effect:The present invention had carried out windowing and mirror image expansion to domain channel response before channel estimating transforms to time domain, mirror image extended method wherein, the discontinuous position of the frequency response of edge subcarrier has been extended between the pseudo channel frequency domain response, can alleviate the Gibbs(gibbs of evaluated error) phenomenon, thereby improve the flat effect of error, and windowing can fundamentally improve the Energy Leaking of multipath, can further promote estimated performance.At a plurality of transmitting terminals
Reference signal by under the multiplexing scene of different cyclic shifts, windowing can effectively suppress code division multiplexing to be disturbed, and improves estimated performance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the frequency domain windowing channel estimation method of mirror image expansion.
Embodiment
Channel estimation methods of the present invention is: supposing the system is OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access, OFDM) system, have
The reference signal with different cyclic shifts of individual transmitter sends on identical time-frequency domain resources piece simultaneously.
Receiver receives the OFDMA time-domain signal, by OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple, OFDM) separate and be in harmonious proportion step such as resource inverse mapping, obtain the frequency domain reference signal, as the input of channel estimation module.
For convenience of description, at first define following variable: the channel frequency domain response that receiver obtains
Be defined as:
Wherein
Being through OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple, OFDM) the frequency domain reference signal that obtains of demodulation and inverse mapping (comprises
PIndividual transmitting terminal
The frequency domain reference signal),
MBeing the OFDMA transfer bandwidth, also is the length of reference signal on frequency domain.
It is the reference signal on the local frequency domain.
Represent frequency domain sampling point sequence number.
In order to guarantee the continuity of edge channel frequency domain response expansion, introduce virtual domain channel response, the present invention is defined as a kind of mirror image expansion with it, and the mirror image of its both sides frequency domain response is added at the end that is about to original channel frequency domain response
Wherein
LGeneral value is 1 to arrive
K, concrete value depends on the transmission bandwidth size.
The domain channel response that obtains after the definition windowing:
Wherein,
Be defined as the adjustable window function of a kind of parameter
(as
Kaiser(Kai Se) window)
LThe left cyclic shift version of sampling point:
Wherein
Can adopt fixing window, also can adjust according to current signal to noise ratio, when signal to noise ratio big,
Can select the window of bigger curvature, and it is little to work as signal to noise ratio,
Can select the window of less curvature.
[5]
According to the reference signal cyclic shift value of different transmitting terminals, to time-domain signal
The rectangular window that adds diverse location intercepts out the sampling point of each user's the main energy of channel impulse response respectively.Here suppose
MBe the maximum delay extension length, be 0 reference signal if user A adopts cyclic shift value, and the position of window is positioned at the beginning of signal so
MOn the individual sampling point.If it is 1/2 reference signal that user B adopts cyclic shift value, so the position of window be positioned at signal in the middle of beginning
MOn the individual sampling point, and the like.With the trailing zero of the main energy sampling point of each user's channel impulse response extremely
Point obtains
PThe channel impulse response of individual transmitting terminal
Channel impulse response to each transmitting terminal
Do respectively
Point DFT obtains a plurality of transmitting terminals
Domain channel response
:
Owing to before multi-user's frequency domain response has been taked the frequency domain windowing, has needed frequency domain response here to each user
Pass through divided by window function respectively
Remove and add window effect, in addition, each user gone frequency domain response after the windowing will cast out end length to be
LMirror image expansion.Can will go windowing and remove two steps of mirror image expansion and merge into a step, also promptly:
Like this, obtain
PIndividual user's channel frequency domain response
, as the output of channel estimation module.
Based on above discussion, we propose following OFDMA channel estimation methods.
The first step to the length that receives is
MThe OFDMA frequency domain reference signal of point is carried out
LThe mirror image expansion of point.
In second step, the channel frequency domain response after the expansion that obtains is multiplied by a window that parameter is adjustable
,
Parameter can be relevant with signal to noise ratio.
In the 3rd step, the channel frequency domain response after frequency domain windowing and the mirror image expansion is implemented
Point IDFT transforms to time domain.
In the 4th step, the time-domain signal that obtains is come the channel impulse response energy and the noise separation of a plurality of transmitting terminals by windowing.
The 5th step, with the zero padding of the main energy sampling point of the channel impulse response of each transmitting terminal extremely
Point is implemented respectively
Point DFT is transformed to domain channel response.
In the 6th step, preceding M of the domain channel response of each transmitting terminal put divided by window function
, obtain channel estimation results.
The present invention proposes a kind of MIMO-OFDMA system channel estimation approach.
Adopting the virtual MIMO mode with two users in the LTE system also is under the space division multiple access situation, and bandwidth is that the uplink demodulation reference signal of 24 subcarriers is that example provides a kind of embodiment by the multiplexing BTS channel estimation scheme of different cyclic shifts:
The first step is carried out the OFDM demodulation with the OFDMA signal of a symbol lengths receiving, through the resource inverse mapping, obtains comprising the frequency-region signal of two users' demodulated reference signal.
In second step, it is 6 mirror image expansion that the frequency-region signal that previous step is obtained carries out length according to formula [2].
In the 3rd step, the frequency-region signal point after the expansion be multiply by 30 length
Kaiser6 the left cyclic shift version of (Caesar) window.
In the 4th step, 30 the frequency-region signal that previous step expansion is obtained carries out 30 IDFT and transforms to time domain.
In the 5th step, 30 the time-domain signal that previous step is obtained carries out the windowing zero padding according to user's cyclic shift position, obtains two users' channel impulse response.
The 6th step, the channel impulse response of 30 sampling points of two users is carried out 30 DFT conversion respectively, obtain two users' frequency domain response.
In the 7th step, preceding 24 sampling points of two users' that the 6th step was obtained frequency domain response are divided by 30 length
Kaiser24 points of the central authorities of (Caesar) window, 24 sampling points of two users are exactly the channel frequency domain response estimation value that the present invention obtains.
The present invention proposes the channel estimation method of a kind of MIMO-OFDMA of being suitable for system, can effectively promote channel estimating performance, and the antagonism code division multiplexing disturbs.
The first step is that the OFDMA frequency domain reference signal that M is ordered is carried out the mirror image expansion that L is ordered to the length that receives.
In second step, the channel frequency domain response after the expansion that obtains is multiplied by a window that parameter is adjustable
,
Parameter can be relevant with signal to noise ratio.
In the 3rd step, the channel frequency domain response after frequency domain windowing and the mirror image expansion is implemented
Point DFT transforms to time domain.
In the 4th step, the time-domain signal that obtains is come the channel impulse response energy and the noise separation of a plurality of transmitting terminals by windowing.
The 5th step, with the channel impulse response energy trailing zero of each transmitting terminal extremely
Point is implemented respectively
Point IDFT transforms to frequency domain.
Claims (6)
1. the frequency domain windowing OFDM channel estimation methods of mirror image expansion, it is characterized in that: this method comprises the steps:
The first step, mirror image expansion: be to the length that receives
The OFDM frequency domain reference signal of point is carried out
The mirror image expansion of point;
Being the OFDM transfer bandwidth, also is the length of reference signal on frequency domain,
Be extension length, concrete value depends on the transmission bandwidth size;
Second step, frequency domain windowing: the channel frequency domain response after the mirror image expansion that obtains is multiplied by window
, window
Be that a length is
The adjustable window of parameter of point
The left cyclic shift of point, wherein
Parameter relevant with signal to noise ratio;
Being the OFDM transfer bandwidth, also is the length of reference signal on frequency domain,
Be extension length, concrete value depends on the transmission bandwidth size;
In the 3rd step, implement by the channel frequency domain response after mirror image expansion and the frequency domain windowing above-mentioned
The contrary discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of point transforms to time domain;
Being the OFDM transfer bandwidth, also is the length of reference signal on frequency domain,
Be extension length, concrete value depends on the transmission bandwidth size;
In the 4th step, the time-domain signal that obtains is come the channel impulse response energy and the noise separation of a plurality of transmitting terminals by windowing;
The 5th step, with the channel impulse response energy trailing zero of each transmitting terminal extremely
Point is implemented respectively
The point discrete Fourier conversion transforms to frequency domain;
Being the OFDM transfer bandwidth, also is the length of reference signal on frequency domain,
Be extension length, concrete value depends on the transmission bandwidth size;
2. the frequency domain windowing OFDM channel estimation methods of mirror image according to claim 1 expansion is characterized in that: in the first step, the mirror image expansion method be:
Wherein,
Be the channel frequency domain response that receives, length is
,
Be the frequency domain response after the mirror image expansion, length is
,
Being the OFDM transfer bandwidth, also is the length of reference signal on frequency domain,
Be extension length, concrete value depends on the transmission bandwidth size.
3. the frequency domain windowing OFDM channel estimation methods of mirror image expansion according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in second step, the method for frequency domain windowing is:
Wherein
Be the frequency domain response after the mirror image expansion,
Be frequency domain sampling point sequence number,
Be defined as:
,
Be Caesar's window.
4. the frequency domain windowing OFDM channel estimation methods of mirror image expansion according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the 3rd step, concrete implementation method is: to the channel frequency domain response of mirror image expansion and frequency domain windowing
Implement
The contrary discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of point transforms to time-domain signal
5. the frequency domain windowing OFDM channel estimation methods of mirror image expansion according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the 5th step, and concrete implementation method: to the channel impulse response of each transmitting terminal
Do respectively
Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) obtains the domain channel response of a plurality of transmitting terminals
, wherein
iIn order to distinguish different user;
6. the frequency domain windowing OFDM channel estimation methods of mirror image expansion according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the 6th step, and concrete implementation method: to each user's
Before
Individual sampling point is divided by window function
, promptly
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