CN102141229A - Method for designing lens - Google Patents
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- CN102141229A CN102141229A CN2011100848144A CN201110084814A CN102141229A CN 102141229 A CN102141229 A CN 102141229A CN 2011100848144 A CN2011100848144 A CN 2011100848144A CN 201110084814 A CN201110084814 A CN 201110084814A CN 102141229 A CN102141229 A CN 102141229A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for designing a lens. The lens consists of two parts, wherein the upper half part is a polyhedron with a light beam angle of 20-140 degrees in the horizontal direction and parallel light in the vertical direction; the lower half part consists of a first surface and a second surface; and the bottom surface of the upper half part is superposed with the top surface of the lower half part. The lower half part is designed through the following steps: dividing an included angle in the range of 90 degrees on an incident surface into a plurality of small angles; dividing an intersection line segment of the incident surface and an irradiated surface into a plurality of small sections; determining positions of all characteristic points on the first surface corresponding to the illuminated point by the adoption of a connection line between a light source and an irradiated point as directions of each reflective ray after enabling rays to pass through the lens; solving the positions of all characteristic points on the second surface; and sequentially connecting all characteristic points to obtain cross sections of the first surface and the second surface; and enabling the cross sections to round the LED light sources and the straight line vertical to a light axis to rotate by 180 degrees to obtain the shape of the lower half part. The method is simple and intuitive, the spacing height ratio of an LED lamp and the illumination uniformity can be improved, and glaring is avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for designing of optical element, more particularly, relate to the lens design method of a kind of LED of raising light fixture apart from height ratio and illuminance uniformity.
Background technology
In some LED illuminations are used, be an important parameter weighing illuminating effect apart from height ratio and illuminance uniformity.Be meant distance between the light fixture and light fixture ratio apart from height ratio from the distance of face to be illuminated, such as application scenario in road lighting, is vertical apart from height ratio along distance between adjacent two light fixtures of road direction and light fixture from the ratio of the distance on road surface, and the distance and the light fixture that are installed between two light fixtures on both sides of the road are horizontal apart from height ratio from the ratio of the distance on road surface.In low level illumination, the pole height of LED light fixture promptly is installed when relatively lower, not only required irradiation distance distant but also require illuminance uniformity than higher occasion, such as, very wide road lighting, present LED light fixture just is difficult to reach requirement.Because, the LED light fixture is horizontal all lower apart from height ratio at present, generally has only 3:1 or lower, and the LED lamp installation mode of this high lamp stand not only can produce serious glare to driver's eyes, cause very big potential safety hazard, and make the lamp stand cost of using improve.Also have some other application scenario,, also belong to low level illumination, therefore also need big apart from height ratio and higher irradiation uniformity such as wall lamp.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is for solving the technical problem that exists in the above-mentioned prior art, a kind of method for designing of lens is provided, utilization simply and intuitively calculates the lens that the LED light fixture is used, realization can take into account remote and closely illumination and do not produce the actual instructions for use of dazzle, light utilization is very high, is applicable to various types of led light sources.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of method for designing of lens, these lens are made up of the two parts up and down that cooperatively interact on the structure, wherein the first half is in 20 ° in the horizontal direction～140 ° scopes of beam angle, vertical direction is the polyhedron-shaped of directional light, the latter half is made up of first plane of refraction and second plane of refraction, the bottom surface of lens the first half overlaps with the end face of the latter half, and the latter half design procedure is as follows:
A), be the plane of incidence with a plane of crossing light source optical axis, the intersection section of this plane of incidence and face to be illuminated is divided into a plurality of segments;
B), on this plane of incidence, be an arm of angle with optical axis, the angle that will be positioned at the one-sided 90 ° of scopes of optical axis is divided into a plurality of little angle that equates with described segment quantity, the corresponding segment in each little angle;
C), with the edge segment of described a plurality of segments as initial by according to segment, be initial illuminated point with marginal point, with lens the first half at the edge incidence point on this plane of incidence as the initiation feature point on the latter half first plane of refraction;
D), at this characteristic point place, the straight line that is parallel to light source and this illuminated point line forms a deflection of light angle with incident ray, according to predetermined ratio, described deflection of light angle is divided into first deflection angle and second deflection angle, the angle separated time as incident ray through the refracted ray behind the latter half first plane of refraction and the incident ray of directive the latter half second plane of refraction, by the law of refraction and the little angle of described correspondence, obtain the next characteristic point adjacent, the next illuminated point that this next one characteristic point is corresponding adjacent with this illuminated point with this characteristic point;
E), a same step, obtain the position of each characteristic point on pairing the latter half first plane of refraction of each illuminated point successively;
F), cross the edge eye point of the first half on this plane of incidence and do a ray to face to be illuminated, refracted ray on this ray and process the latter half first plane of refraction behind the initiation feature point intersects at a point, with this intersection point as the initiation feature point on the latter half second plane of refraction, at this initiation feature point place, the straight line that is parallel to light source and this illuminated point line is a refracted ray, its incident ray is above-mentioned d) the angle separated time determined in the step, pass through the law of refraction, obtain the next characteristic point adjacent with this initiation feature point, the next illuminated point that this next one characteristic point is corresponding adjacent with this illuminated point, adopt method same as described above, obtain the position of each characteristic point on the latter half second plane of refraction;
G), each characteristic point on the above-mentioned the latter half of trying to achieve first plane of refraction and second plane of refraction is connected in turn respectively, form two full curves, be the cross sectional shape of first and second plane of refraction of the latter half;
The cross section of above-mentioned first and second plane of refraction of the latter half of trying to achieve is walked around led light source and perpendicular to the straight line Rotate 180 of optical axis °, can be obtained the three-dimensional shape of lens the latter half.
The design procedure of described lens the first half is as follows:
I), on the described plane of incidence, be an arm of angle with optical axis, the luminous angle that will be positioned at the one-sided 90 ° of scopes of optical axis is divided into a plurality of little angles, and the little angle in this scope is divided into two angular regions of A, B by a certain percentage;
Ii), on the above-mentioned plane of incidence, making the emergent ray after light source scioptics the first half is parallel rays; In described B angular region, according to the lens sizes requirement, be initiation feature point on the first half first plane of refraction getting any on the marginal incident ray, at this initiation feature point place, incident ray forms an angle with parallel emergent ray, be initial deflection of light angle, according to predetermined weight, described deflection angle is divided into first deflection angle and second deflection angle, the angle separated time as incident ray through the refracted ray direction behind the first half first plane of refraction and the incident ray direction of directive the first half second plane of refraction, by the law of refraction and described little angle, obtain the next characteristic point adjacent with initiation feature point; With aforementioned step, obtain the position of each characteristic point on the first half first plane of refraction successively;
Iii), on the refracted ray behind the initiation feature point on described the first half first plane of refraction of process, to ask for a bit according to lens sizes, as the initiation feature point on the first half second plane of refraction, incident ray direction and parallel emergent ray according to this directive lens the first half second plane of refraction that obtains in the ii) step, obtain next characteristic point adjacent on the first half second plane of refraction by the law of refraction, according to the position of obtaining each characteristic point on the first half second plane of refraction with quadrat method successively with initiation feature point;
Iv), respectively each characteristic point on described the first half first plane of refraction and second plane of refraction is coupled together respectively successively, form two full curves and be the first half first plane of refraction and the cross section of second plane of refraction on the described plane of incidence;
V), in described A angular region, refracted ray direction behind given two marginal incident raies process the first half third reflect face, the angle of these two refracted rays is divided into angle one to one, little angle in a plurality of and described A angular region, the arm of angle is as the refracted ray direction of incident ray after through the first half third reflect face, it also is the incident ray direction of directive the first half the 4th reflecting surface, according to the law of refraction and described little angle, obtain the position of each characteristic point on the first half third reflect face, each characteristic point is connected successively, form a full curve and be the cross section of the first half third reflect face on the described plane of incidence;
Vi), require getting a bit as the initiation feature point on the first half the 4th reflecting surface on light source and the straight line excessively perpendicular to optical axis according to lens shape, the incident ray that makes this initiation feature point through the reflection ray behind the first half the 4th reflecting surface through the first half second plane of refraction on away from an edge feature point of optical axis, and the angle γ 〉=2arcsin (1/n) between this incident ray and the reflection ray, wherein n is the refractive index of lens; Given again another edge reflections radiation direction after the reflection of the first half the 4th reflecting surface, the angle of these two reflection rays is divided into angle one to one, little angle in a plurality of and described A angular region, the arm of angle as light through the reflection ray direction behind the first half the 4th reflecting surface, it also is the incident ray direction of directive the first half the 5th plane of refraction, incident ray according to directive the first half the 4th reflecting surface of determining in described reflection ray and the v) step, obtain the position of each characteristic point on the first half the 4th reflecting surface by reflection law, each characteristic point is connected successively, form a full curve and be the cross section of the first half the 4th reflecting surface on the described plane of incidence;
Vii), according to the incident ray and the described parallel emergent ray of described directive the first half the 5th plane of refraction, with on the first half second plane of refraction away from an edge feature point of optical axis as the initiation feature point on the first half the 5th plane of refraction, obtain the position of each characteristic point on the first half the 5th plane of refraction by the law of refraction, each characteristic point is connected successively, form a full curve and be the cross section of the first half the 5th plane of refraction on the described plane of incidence;
Viii), with above-mentioned the first half of trying to achieve first, second, third and fourth, five cross sections on the described plane of incidence walk around light source and perpendicular to the straight line Rotate 180 of optical axis °, can obtain the three-dimensional shape of lens the first half.
Described g) each characteristic point couples together with straight line or smoothed curve respectively successively in the step.
Described iv), v), vi), vii) each characteristic point couples together with straight line or smoothed curve respectively successively in the step.
The position of the characteristic point of joining with first plane of refraction on described the first half third reflect face and the distance of optical axis are little than other characteristic points on this face.
Described d) weight in the step is 50%, and described first deflection angle and second deflection angle equate.
Weight in the described ii) step is 50%, and described first deflection angle and second deflection angle equate.
Described f) crosses the edge eye point of lens the first half on this plane of incidence in the step and do a vertical line to face to be illuminated.
Described i) in the step, on the described plane of incidence, be an arm of angle with optical axis, the luminous angle that will be positioned at the one-sided 90 degree scopes of optical axis is divided into a plurality of little angles, being included on the described plane of incidence, is an arm of angle with optical axis, and the luminous angle that will be positioned at the one-sided 90 degree scopes of optical axis is divided into a plurality of little angles.
Emergent ray after light source scioptics the first half is the parallel rays that is parallel to optical axis.
Described d) in the step,, determine the normal of this characteristic point by the law of refraction, crossing perpendicular to the straight line of normal on this plane of incidence with the arm of angle at described corresponding little angle, next characteristic point that intersection point is this characteristic point and is adjacent.
Described f) in the step, pass through the law of refraction, determine the normal of this initiation feature point, on this plane of incidence, perpendicular to the straight line of this normal with intersect at a point through the refracted ray after the adjacent characteristic point of the initiation feature point of described the latter half first plane of refraction, this intersection point be with the latter half second plane of refraction on next adjacent characteristic point of initiation feature point.
In the described ii) step,, determine the normal of this initiation feature point by the law of refraction, crossing perpendicular to the straight line of normal on this plane of incidence with the arm of angle at described corresponding little angle, next characteristic point that intersection point is this initiation feature point and is adjacent.
In the described iii) step, pass through the law of refraction, determine the normal of this initiation feature point, on this plane of incidence, perpendicular to the straight line of this normal with intersect at a point through the refracted ray after the adjacent characteristic point of the initiation feature point of described the first half first plane of refraction, this intersection point be with the first half first plane of refraction on next adjacent characteristic point of initiation feature point.
In the described v) step,, determine the normal of initiation feature point by the law of refraction, crossing perpendicular to the straight line of normal on this plane of incidence with the arm of angle at described corresponding little angle, next characteristic point that intersection point is this initiation feature point and is adjacent.
In the described vi) step,, determine the normal of initiation feature point by reflection law, crossing perpendicular to the straight line of normal on this plane of incidence with the arm of angle at described corresponding little angle, next characteristic point that intersection point is this initiation feature point and is adjacent.
In the described vii) step, pass through the law of refraction, determine the normal of this initiation feature point, on this plane of incidence, perpendicular to the straight line of this normal with intersect at a point through the reflection ray after the adjacent characteristic point of the initiation feature point of described the first half the 4th reflecting surface, this intersection point be with the first half the 5th plane of refraction on next adjacent characteristic point of initiation feature point.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention, by the two-part design up and down that cooperatively interacts on the structure, wherein the first half is in 20 ° in the horizontal direction～140 ° scopes of beam angle, it on the vertical direction polyhedral structure of directional light, this part is responsible for remote low-angle illumination, and the latter half is the non-parallel light that shines the area to be illuminated territory, closely wide-angle illumination in therefore can looking after.Such design can make the LED light fixture when setting height(from bottom) is very low, shines very wide scope, and very high illuminance uniformity is arranged.When reality is used, with lens or the downward small angle inclination of light fixture, this is because be subjected to the size of led light source, the influence of the size of lens and the factors such as processing technology of lens, the light that the first half of scioptics is come out can not keep strict directional light, but have dispersing of certain angle, so, lens are downward-sloping, can make a part of light irradiation of upwards dispersing to face to be illuminated, improve the light utilization of light source.Withdrawing pattern is convenient in process of production in order to make lens, when carrying out the shaped design of the first half third reflect face, makes the distance of the position of the characteristic point of joining with the first half first plane of refraction on this face and optical axis little than other characteristic points on this face.
The lens that adopt method for designing of the present invention to obtain can make reaching more than 6: 1 apart from height ratio of LED light fixture, and illuminance uniformity can reach 0.8.
Description of drawings
Below by accompanying drawing lens design method of the present invention is done further detailed description:
Fig. 1 is the resulting lens arrangement schematic diagram of method for designing of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the sectional views of lens shown in Figure 1 on the plane of incidence;
Fig. 3 is the installed surface structural representation of lens shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of lens the latter half shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of lens the first half shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 6 is a method schematic diagram of dividing little angle on the plane of incidence in the one-sided 90 ° of scopes of optical axis;
Fig. 7 is a method schematic diagram of dividing segment on face to be illuminated;
Fig. 8 is method one schematic diagram that the position of each characteristic point of the latter half of definite lens shown in Figure 4 also connects respectively successively;
Fig. 9 is the method two schematic diagram that each characteristic point shown in Figure 8 is connected respectively successively;
Figure 10 is the sectional view of lens the latter half shown in Figure 4 on the plane of incidence;
Figure 11 is a method schematic diagram of dividing little angle on the plane of incidence in the one-sided 90 ° of scopes of optical axis;
Figure 12 determines the position of each characteristic point on lens the first half first plane of refraction and second plane of refraction and method one schematic diagram that is connected respectively successively;
Figure 13 is the method two schematic diagram that each characteristic point of Figure 12 is connected respectively successively;
Figure 14 determines the position of each characteristic point on lens the first half third reflect face and method one schematic diagram that connects successively;
Figure 15 is the method two schematic diagram that each characteristic point of Figure 14 is connected successively;
Figure 16 determines the position of each characteristic point on lens the first half the 4th reflecting surface and method one schematic diagram that connects successively;
Figure 17 is the method two schematic diagram that each characteristic point of Figure 16 is connected successively;
Figure 18 determines the position of each characteristic point on lens the first half the 5th plane of refraction and method one schematic diagram that connects successively;
Figure 19 is the method two schematic diagram that each characteristic point of Figure 18 is connected successively;
Figure 20 is the sectional view of lens the first half shown in Figure 5 on the plane of incidence;
Figure 21 is that light source moves towards figure through the light of lens shown in Figure 1 on the plane of incidence.
The specific embodiment
The lens that Fig. 1～Figure 5 shows that adopts method for designing of the present invention to obtain, these lens are made of the first half 1 and the latter half 2, these two parts are respectively as Fig. 5 and structural representation shown in Figure 4, and the first half 1 and the latter half 2 lay respectively at the both sides up and down of optical axis L.Two parts structurally cooperatively interact up and down, the bottom surface 10 that is the first half 1 overlaps fully with the end face 20 of the latter half 2, be reflected on the lens sectional view shown in Figure 2, the end points 11e of the bottom surface 10 of the first half 1 and 12e also are two end points of the end face 20 of the latter half 2.Shown in Figure 3, these lens have a Plane Installation face, led light source O is placed in the depressed central region 100, the light part that it sends emits with parallel rays in certain angular range after the first half 1 refraction, and another part comes out with non-parallel light emission after the latter half 2 refractions.
Fig. 6～Figure 10 shows that method for designing schematic diagram of lens the latter half 2.
Shown in Figure 6, be plane of light incidence with a plane of the optical axis L of crossing led light source O, the following detailed description of method for designing of the present invention is all carried out on this plane of incidence.On this plane of incidence, the angle that will be positioned at the 90 ° of scopes in optical axis L downside the right is divided into a plurality of little angles, for make simplicity of design and make figure clear for the purpose of, present embodiment should only be divided into 4 little angles in luminous angle, was respectively α 1, α 2, α 3, α 4.
Shown in Figure 7, the plane of incidence and the intersection section of face to be illuminated are divided into 4 segment ab that equate with above-mentioned little angle quantity, bc, cd, de, with α 1, α 2 respectively, and α 3, and α 4 is corresponding one by one.
Shown in Figure 8, shone segment with the ab section as initial, be initial illuminated point with a point, the little angle of this ab section correspondence is α 1.Put 11e bottom as the initiation feature point on lens the latter half 2 first planes of refraction 21 with the lens the first half 1 shown in Fig. 2, at this characteristic point 11e place, the straight line that is parallel to the line of light source O and illuminated point a forms an angle β 1 with incident ray O11e, and this angle is initial deflection of light angle.According to predefined weight, this deflection angle β 1 is divided into two parts, the first deflection angle β 11 and the second deflection angle β 12, present embodiment is got β 11: β 12=1: 1, the angle separated time by the law of refraction, is determined the normal n1 that 11e is ordered as the refracted ray of incident ray O11e after through the initiation feature point 11e of the latter half 2 first planes of refraction 21, intersect at 11e point and 21b point perpendicular to the straight line of normal n1 and the arm of angle of little angle α 1, the 21b point is promptly as second characteristic point.Second by according on the segment bc, getting b point is second illuminated point, then b point correspondence this second characteristic point 21b.According to the above-mentioned method of determining the second characteristic point 21b, try to achieve characteristic point 21c, 21d, 21e on illuminated point c, d, pairing the latter half first plane of refraction 21 of e successively.
Crossing lens the first half 1 shown in Figure 2 puts 12e bottom and is vertical line segment 12e22a to the face to be illuminated direction, this the vertical line segment 12e22a and the 22a that intersects at a point through the refracted ray behind the initiation feature point 11e on the latter half 2 first planes of refraction 21, with this intersection point 22a as the initiation feature point on the latter half 2 second planes of refraction 22, with the incident ray of the refracted ray behind the light process characteristic point 11e as the initiation feature point 22a place on directive the latter half 2 second planes of refraction 22, to cross initiation feature point 22a and to be parallel to illuminated point a and the straight line of the line of light source O passes through refracted ray behind the initiation feature point 22a on the latter half 2 second planes of refraction 22 as light, this incident ray and refracted ray direction are two arm of angle directions of the second deflection angle β 12 shown in Figure 8, pass through the law of refraction, try to achieve the position of the second characteristic point 22b, adopt method as hereinbefore, try to achieve the characteristic point 22c on the latter half 2 second planes of refraction 22 successively, 22d, the position of 22e.Because the first deflection angle β 11 shown in Figure 8 is very little in actual design, promptly the length of vertical line segment 12e 22a is very little, so almost can ignore.
Fig. 8 is connected the latter half 2 first planes of refraction 21 respectively successively with each characteristic point on second plane of refraction 22 with straight line, Fig. 9 is connected the latter half 2 first planes of refraction 21 respectively successively with each characteristic point on second plane of refraction 22 with smoothed curve.When the characteristic point on two faces obtains when abundant, just can obtain the curve of two continuously smooths.
Figure 10 shows that the sectional view of the latter half 2 on the plane of incidence.
Cross section shown in Figure 10 is walked around led light source O and perpendicular to the straight line Rotate 180 of optical axis L °, can be obtained the structural representation of lens the latter half 2 of the present invention shown in Figure 4.
Figure 11～Figure 20 shows that method for designing schematic diagram of lens the first half 1.
Shown in Figure 11, on the above-mentioned plane of incidence, the luminous angle in the 90 ° of scopes in optical axis L upside the right is divided into a plurality of little angles, for make simplicity of design and make figure clear for the purpose of, present embodiment should carry out five equilibrium in luminous angle, and only was divided into 7 little angles, was respectively θ 1, and θ 2, θ 3, and θ 4, and θ 5, and θ 6, θ 7, and these 7 little angles are divided into two angular regions of A, B according to 3: 4 ratio, and wherein the A angular region comprises three little angle θ 1, θ 2, and θ 3, and the B angular region comprises four little angle θ 4, θ 5, and θ 6, and θ 7.
On the above-mentioned plane of incidence, making the emergent ray after light source O scioptics the first half 1 is directional light.Present embodiment is for for the purpose of the simplicity of design, and the emergent ray after making light that light source O sends through lens the first half 1 is the horizontal parallel emergent ray parallel with optical axis L.In B angular region shown in Figure 12, leave the required distance of light source O according to the first half 1 first plane of refraction 11, getting on the marginal incident ray a bit as the initiation feature point 11a on the first half 1 first plane of refraction 11, at this initiation feature point 11a place, form an included angle 1 between incident ray and the horizontal parallel emergent ray, this included angle 1 is initial deflection of light angle, according to predetermined weight, described deflection angle φ 1 is divided into the first deflection angle φ 11 and the second deflection angle φ 12, be convenience of calculation, weight gets 50% in the present embodiment, be φ 11: φ 12=1: 1, the angle separated time as incident ray through the refracted ray direction behind the first half 1 first plane of refraction 11, also be the incident ray direction of directive the first half 1 second plane of refraction 12,, determine the normal n1 that 11a is ordered by the law of refraction, intersect at 11a and 11b respectively perpendicular to the straight line of normal n1 and the arm of angle of little angle θ 4, the 11b point is promptly as second characteristic point.At the second characteristic point 11b place, incident ray and horizontal parallel emergent ray form an angle, according to aforementioned same method, obtain the position of the 3rd characteristic point 11c, four characteristic points 11d and the 5th characteristic point 11e.
Requirement according to lens thickness, on through the refracted ray behind the initiation feature point 11a on the first half 1 first plane of refraction 11, get 1 12a as the initiation feature point on the first half 1 second plane of refraction 12, with the incident ray of this refracted ray as the first half 1 second plane of refraction 12, with the horizontal parallel emergent ray as light through the later refracted ray of the first half 1 second plane of refraction 12, this incident ray and refracted ray direction are two arm of angle directions of the second deflection angle φ 12 shown in Figure 12, the identical method of characteristic point of employing and definite the first half 1 first plane of refraction 11 is tried to achieve the characteristic point 12b on the first half 1 second plane of refraction 12 successively, 12c, 12d, the position of 12e.
Figure 12 is connected the first half 1 first plane of refraction 11 respectively successively with each characteristic point on second plane of refraction 12 with straight line, Figure 13 is connected the first half 1 first plane of refraction 11 respectively successively with each characteristic point on second plane of refraction 12 with smoothed curve, obtain two full curves, be the first half 1 first plane of refraction 11 and second cross section of plane of refraction 12 on the plane of incidence.When the characteristic point among Figure 12, Figure 13 obtains when abundant, also be approximately level and smooth curve.
Shown in Figure 14, in the A angular region, article two, marginal incident ray, promptly perpendicular to the optical axis L direction with along the light of O11a direction, make incident ray O11a that the refracted ray after the first half 1 third reflect face 13 penetrates along the 11a14d direction, do not change the ejaculation of direction perpendicular to the incident ray of optical axis L direction, the angle of these two refracted rays is divided into three parts, the angle separated time is each the refracted ray direction behind light process the first half 1 third reflect face 13, also is each incident ray direction of directive the first half 1 the 4th reflecting surface 14.Characteristic point 11a both had been the initiation feature point of the first half 1 first plane of refraction 11, also was the initiation feature point of the first half 1 third reflect face 13.At this initiation feature point 11a place, according to incident ray O11a and refracted ray 11a14d, pass through the law of refraction, determine the normal n2 that 11a is ordered, intersection point perpendicular to the arm of angle of the straight line of normal n2 and little angle θ 3 is respectively 11a and 13b, and the 13b point is promptly as second characteristic point of the first half 1 third reflect face 13.At the second characteristic point 13b place, O13b is an incident ray, the straight line 13b14c that is parallel to its corresponding angle separated time through a 13b is a refracted ray, it also is the incident ray direction of directive the first half 1 the 4th reflecting surface 14, according to the law of refraction, according to aforementioned same method, obtain the 3rd characteristic point 13c.At the 3rd characteristic point 13c place, O13c is an incident ray, the straight line 13c14b that is parallel to its corresponding angle separated time through a 13c is a refracted ray, it also is the incident ray direction of directive the first half 1 the 4th reflecting surface 14, according to the law of refraction, according to aforementioned same method, obtain the position of four characteristic points 13d.
Figure 14 connects each characteristic point on the first half 1 third reflect face 13 successively with straight line, Figure 15 connects each characteristic point on the first half 1 third reflect face 13 successively with smoothed curve, obtain a full curve, be the first half 1 cross section of third reflect face 13 on the described plane of incidence.When the characteristic point among Figure 14, Figure 15 obtains when abundant, also be approximately level and smooth curve.
Shown in Figure 16, be respectively 11a14d and perpendicular to the 13d14a of optical axis L through two marginal incident raies of the first half 1 the 4th reflecting surface 14, the initiation feature point as the first half 1 four reflecting surface 14 of some 14a for requiring according to lens shape on straight line, to be got perpendicular to optical axis L, order is at the edge feature point 12a of the incident ray 13d14a of this initiation feature point 14a on the process of the reflection ray behind the first half 1 the 4th reflecting surface 14 the first half 1 second plane of refraction 12, for satisfying the total reflection requirement, angle γ 〉=2arcsin (1/n) between this incident ray 13d14a and the reflection ray 14a12a, wherein n is the refractive index of lens.Given again another edge reflections radiation direction behind the first half 1 the 4th reflecting surface 14 is the 14dX direction, the reflection ray 14a12a of these two marginal incident raies and the angle of 14dX formation are divided into three parts, the angle separated time is each the reflection ray direction behind light process the first half 1 the 4th reflecting surface 14, also is each incident ray direction of directive the first half 1 the 5th plane of refraction 15.According to incident ray 13d14a and reflection ray 14a12a, pass through reflection law, determining the normal n3 that 14a is ordered, is 14b perpendicular to the intersection point of the straight line of normal n3 and above-mentioned incident ray 13c14b, and the 14b point is promptly as second characteristic point of the first half 1 the 4th reflecting surface 14.At the second characteristic point 14b place, 13c14b is an incident ray, and the straight line 14b15b that is parallel to its corresponding angle separated time through some 14b is a reflection ray, according to reflection law, according to aforementioned same method, obtain the 3rd characteristic point 14c position.At the 3rd characteristic point 14c place, 13b14c is an incident ray, and the straight line 14c15c that is parallel to its corresponding angle separated time through some 14c is a reflection ray, according to reflection law, according to aforementioned same method, obtain four characteristic points 14d position.
Figure 16 connects each characteristic point on the first half 1 the 4th reflecting surface 14 successively with straight line, Figure 17 connects each characteristic point on the first half 1 the 4th reflecting surface 14 successively with smoothed curve, obtain a full curve, be the first half 1 the 4th cross section of reflecting surface 14 on the plane of incidence.When the characteristic point among Figure 16, Figure 17 obtains when abundant, also be approximately level and smooth curve.
Shown in Figure 180, with the initiation feature point 12a on the first half 1 second plane of refraction 12 as the initiation feature point on the first half 1 the 5th plane of refraction 15, at this characteristic point 12a place, with 14a12a is incident ray, the horizontal parallel emergent ray of crossing some 12a is a refracted ray, according to the law of refraction, determines the normal n4 that 12a is ordered, intersection point perpendicular to the straight line of normal n4 and above-mentioned incident ray 14b15b is 15b, and the 15b point is promptly as second characteristic point on the first half 1 the 5th plane of refraction 15.At the second characteristic point 15b place, 14b15b is an incident ray, is refracted ray through the horizontal parallel emergent ray of some 15b, according to the law of refraction, according to aforementioned same method, obtain the position of the 3rd characteristic point 15c.At the 3rd characteristic point 15c place, 14c15c is an incident ray, is refracted ray through the horizontal parallel emergent ray of some 15c, according to the law of refraction, according to aforementioned same method, obtain the position of four characteristic points 15d.
Figure 18 connects each characteristic point on the first half 1 the 5th plane of refraction 15 successively with straight line, Figure 19 connects each characteristic point on the first half 1 the 5th plane of refraction 15 successively with smoothed curve, obtain a full curve, be the first half 1 the 5th cross section of plane of refraction 15 on the plane of incidence.When the characteristic point among Figure 18, Figure 19 obtains when abundant, also be approximately level and smooth curve.
The characteristic point 14d of the first half 1 the 4th reflecting surface 14 and the characteristic point 15d of the first half 1 the 5th plane of refraction 15 are coupled together, because the length of line segment 14d15d in actual design is very little, so almost can ignore.
Figure 20 is the sectional view of lens the first half 1 on the plane of incidence of trying to achieve by said method.Cross section shown in Figure 20 is walked around led light source O and perpendicular to the straight line Rotate 180 of optical axis L °, can be obtained the structural representation of lens the first half 1 of the present invention shown in Figure 5.
Figure 21 is that the light of the resulting lens of method for designing of the present invention on the plane of incidence moves towards figure.Light source O emits with directional light after lens the first half 1, emits with non-parallel light after the latter half 2.
Present embodiment all is that the point of getting on the marginal incident ray is the initiation feature point, determines the position of each characteristic point one by one.Certainly, the point that also can select for a post on the incident ray is the initiation feature point, determines the position of each characteristic point.
When reality is used, with lens towards the face to be illuminated low-angle that tilts, be that light source optical axis L tilts towards face to be illuminated, like this, the parallel emergent ray of lens the first half 1 just can shine remote areas, and lens the latter half then shines all the other zones, taken into account far away, in, closely illumination, and do not need to raise the setting height(from bottom) of LED light fixture, and accomplish to see that light loses the effect of lamp, avoided dazzle.
By the actual test of lens in road lighting is used to adopting method for designing of the present invention to obtain, illuminance uniformity can reach 0.8, can reach 12: 1 apart from height ratio.
Claims (10)
1. the method for designing of lens, these lens are made up of the two parts up and down that cooperatively interact on the structure, wherein the first half is in 20 ° in the horizontal direction～140 ° scopes of beam angle, vertical direction is the polyhedron-shaped of directional light, the latter half is made up of first plane of refraction and second plane of refraction, the bottom surface of lens the first half overlaps with the end face of the latter half, and the latter half design procedure is as follows:
A), be the plane of incidence with a plane of crossing light source optical axis, the intersection section of this plane of incidence and face to be illuminated is divided into a plurality of segments;
B), on this plane of incidence, be an arm of angle with optical axis, the angle that will be positioned at the one-sided 90 ° of scopes of optical axis is divided into a plurality of little angle that equates with described segment quantity, the corresponding segment in each little angle;
C), with the edge segment of described a plurality of segments as initial by according to segment, be initial illuminated point with marginal point, with lens the first half at the edge incidence point on this plane of incidence as the initiation feature point on the latter half first plane of refraction;
D), at this characteristic point place, the straight line that is parallel to light source and this illuminated point line forms a deflection of light angle with incident ray, according to predetermined ratio, described deflection of light angle is divided into first deflection angle and second deflection angle, the angle separated time as incident ray through the refracted ray behind the latter half first plane of refraction and the incident ray of directive the latter half second plane of refraction, by the law of refraction and the little angle of described correspondence, obtain the next characteristic point adjacent, the next illuminated point that this next one characteristic point is corresponding adjacent with this illuminated point with this characteristic point;
E), a same step, obtain the position of each characteristic point on pairing the latter half first plane of refraction of each illuminated point successively;
F), cross the edge eye point of the first half on this plane of incidence and do a ray to face to be illuminated, refracted ray on this ray and process the latter half first plane of refraction behind the initiation feature point intersects at a point, with this intersection point as the initiation feature point on the latter half second plane of refraction, at this initiation feature point place, the straight line that is parallel to light source and initial illuminated point line is a refracted ray, its incident ray is above-mentioned d) the angle separated time determined in the step, pass through the law of refraction, obtain the next characteristic point adjacent with this initiation feature point, the next illuminated point that this next one characteristic point is corresponding adjacent with this illuminated point, adopt method same as described above, obtain the position of each characteristic point on the latter half second plane of refraction;
G), each characteristic point on the above-mentioned the latter half of trying to achieve first plane of refraction and second plane of refraction is connected in turn respectively, form two full curves, be the cross sectional shape of first and second plane of refraction of the latter half;
The cross section of above-mentioned first and second plane of refraction of the latter half of trying to achieve is walked around led light source and perpendicular to the straight line Rotate 180 of optical axis °, can be obtained the three-dimensional shape of lens the latter half.
2. the method for designing of a kind of lens according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the design procedure of described lens the first half is as follows:
I), on the described plane of incidence, be an arm of angle with optical axis, the luminous angle that will be positioned at the one-sided 90 ° of scopes of optical axis is divided into a plurality of little angles, and the little angle in this scope is divided into two angular regions of A, B by a certain percentage;
Ii), on the above-mentioned plane of incidence, making the emergent ray after light source scioptics the first half is parallel rays; In described B angular region, according to the lens sizes requirement, be initiation feature point on the first half first plane of refraction getting any on the marginal incident ray, at this initiation feature point place, incident ray forms an angle with parallel emergent ray, be initial deflection of light angle, according to predetermined weight, described deflection angle is divided into first deflection angle and second deflection angle, the angle separated time as incident ray through the refracted ray direction behind the first half first plane of refraction and the incident ray direction of directive the first half second plane of refraction, by the law of refraction and described little angle, obtain the next characteristic point adjacent with initiation feature point; With aforementioned step, obtain the position of each characteristic point on the first half first plane of refraction successively;
Iii), on the refracted ray behind the initiation feature point on described the first half first plane of refraction of process, to ask for a bit according to lens sizes, as the initiation feature point on the first half second plane of refraction, incident ray direction and parallel emergent ray according to this directive lens the first half second plane of refraction that obtains in the ii) step, obtain next characteristic point adjacent on the first half second plane of refraction by the law of refraction, according to the position of obtaining each characteristic point on the first half second plane of refraction with quadrat method successively with initiation feature point;
Iv), respectively each characteristic point on described the first half first plane of refraction and second plane of refraction is coupled together respectively successively, form two full curves and be the first half first plane of refraction and the cross section of second plane of refraction on the described plane of incidence;
V), in described A angular region, refracted ray direction behind given two marginal incident raies process the first half third reflect face, the angle of these two refracted rays is divided into angle one to one, little angle in a plurality of and described A angular region, the arm of angle is as the refracted ray direction of incident ray after through the first half third reflect face, it also is the incident ray direction of directive the first half the 4th reflecting surface, according to the law of refraction and described little angle, obtain the position of each characteristic point on the first half third reflect face, each characteristic point is connected successively, form a full curve and be the cross section of the first half third reflect face on the described plane of incidence;
Vi), require getting a bit as the initiation feature point on the first half the 4th reflecting surface on light source and the straight line excessively perpendicular to optical axis according to lens shape, the incident ray that makes this initiation feature point through the reflection ray behind the first half the 4th reflecting surface through the first half second plane of refraction on away from an edge feature point of optical axis, and the angle γ 〉=2arcsin (1/n) between this incident ray and the reflection ray, wherein n is the refractive index of lens; Given again another edge reflections radiation direction after the reflection of the first half the 4th reflecting surface, the angle of these two reflection rays is divided into angle one to one, little angle in a plurality of and described A angular region, the arm of angle as light through the reflection ray direction behind the first half the 4th reflecting surface, it also is the incident ray direction of directive the first half the 5th plane of refraction, incident ray according to directive the first half the 4th reflecting surface of determining in described reflection ray and the v) step, obtain the position of each characteristic point on the first half the 4th reflecting surface by reflection law, each characteristic point is connected successively, form a full curve and be the cross section of the first half the 4th reflecting surface on the described plane of incidence;
Vii), according to the incident ray and the described parallel emergent ray of described directive the first half the 5th plane of refraction, with on the first half second plane of refraction away from an edge feature point of optical axis as the initiation feature point on the first half the 5th plane of refraction, obtain the position of each characteristic point on the first half the 5th plane of refraction by the law of refraction, each characteristic point is connected successively, form a full curve and be the cross section of the first half the 5th plane of refraction on the described plane of incidence;
Viii), with above-mentioned the first half of trying to achieve first, second, third and fourth, five cross sections on the described plane of incidence walk around light source and perpendicular to the straight line Rotate 180 of optical axis °, can obtain the three-dimensional shape of lens the first half.
3. the method for designing of a kind of lens according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described g) each characteristic point couples together with straight line or smoothed curve respectively successively in the step.
4. the method for designing of a kind of lens according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described iv), v), vi), vii) each characteristic point couples together with straight line or smoothed curve respectively successively in the step.
5. the method for designing of a kind of lens according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the position of the characteristic point of joining with first plane of refraction on described the first half third reflect face and the distance of optical axis are little than other characteristic points on this face.
6. the method for designing of a kind of lens according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described d) weight in the step is 50%, described first deflection angle and second deflection angle equate.
7. the method for designing of a kind of lens according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the weight in the described ii) step is 50%, described first deflection angle and second deflection angle equate.
8. the method for designing of a kind of lens according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described f) cross the edge eye point of lens the first half on this plane of incidence in the step and do a ray, comprised that the edge eye point of lens the first half on this plane of incidence did a vertical line to face to be illuminated to face to be illuminated.
9. the method for designing of a kind of lens according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described i) in the step, on the described plane of incidence, with optical axis is an arm of angle, the luminous angle that will be positioned at the one-sided 90 degree scopes of optical axis is divided into a plurality of little angles, being included on the described plane of incidence, is an arm of angle with optical axis, and the luminous angle that will be positioned at the one-sided 90 degree scopes of optical axis is divided into a plurality of little angles.
10. the method for designing of a kind of lens according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the emergent ray after light source scioptics the first half is the parallel rays that is parallel to optical axis.
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| CN103017086A (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2013-04-03 | 东莞勤上光电股份有限公司 | Design method of LED (Light Emitting Diode) collimating lens |
| CN103206665A (en) * | 2012-01-11 | 2013-07-17 | 欧司朗股份有限公司 | Lens and illumination device using lens |
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