CN102139372B - Method for preparing foamed aluminum laminboard by utilizing waste foamed aluminum - Google Patents
Method for preparing foamed aluminum laminboard by utilizing waste foamed aluminum Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing a foamed aluminum laminboard by utilizing waste foamed aluminum, which comprises the following steps of: cleaning a waste foamed aluminum block, drying, and crushing into granules of a certain size; adding Zn-Al alloy powder in a certain ratio into the granules, and heating with stirring, so that the Zn-Al alloy powder is molten and coated on the surfaces of the foamed aluminum granules uniformly; heating an aluminum plate, so that laminar brazing filler metal is forced to be coated on the aluminum plate; spreading the foamed aluminum granules on the aluminum plate, and stacking the other aluminum plate of which the surface is coated with the brazing filler metal; and heating and rolling the front side and the rear side of the aluminum plate under the action of auxiliary vibration, and cooling to obtain the foamed aluminum laminboard. The invention has the advantage that: the foamed aluminum laminboard with permeability can be obtained without a brazing filler metal coating process. The prepared foamed aluminum laminboard has multiple compatible functions of high energy absorption, damping vibration attenuation, sound absorption (sound insulation and noise elimination), filtering, electromagnetic shielding and the like, has the characteristics of light weight and high stiffness, and can be widely used for industrial fields of architectural decoration, transportation and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing the waste foam aluminum to be equipped with the foam aluminium sandwich plate, refer more particularly to the cycling and reutilization technology of waste foam aluminium.
Background technology
Foamed aluminium is a kind of novel aluminium based metal material that contains a large amount of closed pores of unordered even distribution; Has lightweight (proportion ρ＜1); The architectural characteristic of high specific strength and specific stiffness; Possess simultaneously multiple functions such as sound insulation, heat insulation, fire-retardant, damping vibration attenuation, impact energy absorption and electromagnetic shielding again, realized the lightweight multifunction of structural material, thereby be with a wide range of applications.Suitability for industrialized production mainly adopts foam melt method to produce foamed aluminium, and this method is, foaming glutinous through increasing at aluminum melt and control process of setting and obtain the foamed aluminium of certain pore structure characteristic.On the one hand; Because imbalance and erratic process in the foamed technology; The yield rate of resultant foamed aluminium is not high, has only 40%～60% to the yield rate of specified pore structure foamed aluminium product, on the other hand; The former blank of foamed aluminium that foaming is accomplished also can produce a large amount of leftover bits in following process processes such as cutting, these all cause foamed aluminium enterprise in production and process, to have a large amount of waste foam aluminium to demand urgently handling.
At present, foamed aluminium manufacturing enterprise mainly contains two kinds for the processing method of waste foam aluminium: the one, in the flux foaming technology aluminium ingot fusion process in early stage, add a certain proportion of waste foam aluminium as raw material; The 2nd, waste foam aluminium is removed the gred through melting after adding multiple smelting agent, again the metal bath recovery that obtains is used for foaming once more.Through high-temperature oxidation process, adhered to by fine and close pellumina by foamed aluminium skeleton surface in the preparation process for foamed aluminium, and this has greatly influenced the treatment effect of above-mentioned two kinds of waste foam aluminium.When foaming again as raw material and aluminum melt mixed melting with waste foam aluminium; Because the heat-conductive characteristic of foamed aluminium itself is bad; Simultaneously the compact aluminum oxide on cell wall surface can withstand higher temperatures; Need long-time insulation of aluminum melt and continuous powerful stirring could waste foam aluminium block body be dissolved fully, this not only makes the oxygen content of aluminum melt obviously increase, and energy consumption increases simultaneously; The aluminum melt that has dissolved waste foam aluminium fully is inner owing to a large amount of oxide particles are mingled with; Not only make the foam performance of aluminum melt worsen, all exert an influence, cause the more difficult control of yield rate of foamed aluminium for a lot of important technical parameters such as addition of melt viscosity, blowing temperature, mixing time, tackifier and blowing agent; Also make the foamed aluminium after the foaming mechanical properties decrease such as intensity and plasticity occur, be prone to problems such as crisp, directly influence the serviceability of foamed aluminium.When the melting of waste foam aluminium is reclaimed; Then must add main component is the multiple smelting agents such as coverture, deslagging agent, furnace cleaning agent and degasifier of villaumite and villiaumite; Research shows; The smelting agent mass percent that is added is up to more than 50%; The waste material gross masses such as slag of these smelting agents and waste foam aluminium account for more than 70% of all material, and fusion process also will be incubated for a long time simultaneously, and the aluminum melt overall recovery of two to three melt backs also only can reach about 80% of waste foam aluminium gross mass.Because slag waste materials such as villaumite and villiaumite have certain corrosivity, how further production waste to be carried out the harm reduction processing also is a problem.In addition, reclaim through remelting that oxygen content also has obvious increase in the resultant melt, this influences foaming quality too again.
Summary of the invention
Problem to a large amount of waste foam aluminium difficult treatment that produce in the existing foamed aluminium production process the invention discloses a kind of method of utilizing the waste foam aluminum to be equipped with the foam aluminium sandwich plate.
Technical scheme of the present invention: a kind of method of utilizing the waste foam aluminum to be equipped with the foam aluminium sandwich plate, concrete preparation process is following:
The first step: waste foam aluminium block body is removed greasy dirt; Clean oven dry, the waste foam aluminium block body of clean drying is pulverized granulating through being 2mm～10mm particle, with mixing the Zn-Al alloy powder that the particle diameter that accounts for mass percent 10%～30% is not more than 0.5mm in the said waste foam aluminium block body particle; Be heated to 450 ℃～500 ℃; Fully stir then, the Zn-Al alloy of fusing is evenly embrocated on the waste foam alumina particles, subsequent use; Wherein in the Zn-Al alloy, the mass percent of Zn is 81%～95%, and the Al mass percent is 5%～19%;
Second step: after panel A and panel B clean dry, be heated to 430 ℃～500 ℃, panel A is kept flat be layered in the mould, subsequent use;
The 3rd step: the foamed aluminium particle that the surface is scribbled the Zn-Al alloy melt is laid in the mould of panel A, panel B is overlayed downwards on the said foamed aluminium stratum granulosum after paving again;
The 4th step: mould is placed on the shake table, the complex of roll compacting stack, coefficient of draught is 1.1～2.2, Vibration on Start-up platform then, applying amplitude is 10 μ m～25 μ m, shaking frequently is the vibration of 50～300Hz, treats to stop before mold temperature is reduced to 400 ℃ vibration;
The 5th step: with the complex upset of roll compacting stack; Make panel B under lie in the mould, be heated to 420 ℃, 1.0MPa～2.0MPa keep-ups pressure; Vibration on Start-up platform once more; Applying amplitude is 10 μ m～25 μ m, and shaking frequently is the vibration of 50～300Hz, treats to stop before mold temperature is reduced to 400 ℃ vibration; Cutting trimming in cooling back promptly obtains foamed aluminium sandwich composite board.
Further, also comprise in said second step: heating rear board A and the panel B surface of swiping repeatedly after the Zn-Al solder is dissolved, this moment, the solder fusing was compelled to spread over the surface of panel A and panel B, scraped off the surperficial redundant brazing melt of panel A and panel B; Wherein in the Zn-Al alloy, the mass percent of Zn is 81%～95%, and the Al mass percent is 5%～19%.
Further, said panel is aluminium entity panel, aluminium perforated board or aluminium waffle slab.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: in the present invention; The part surface of the waste foam alumina particles that process is pulverized has exposed the aluminium skeleton of cell wall; Heat the Zn-Al alloy powder smelting this moment; Because the Zn-Al alloy melt has excellent non-oxidizability; The Zn-Al alloy melt is compelled to embrocate at the foamed aluminium particle surface in the whipping process that continues and forms Zn-Al alloy melt thin layer; Wherein a part of Zn-Al alloy melt contacts with surperficial ruined foamed aluminium particle and fusion reaction takes place, be tiled in again the surface be coated with the aluminum deck of Zn-Al alloy layer and another aluminum deck that superposes after, in roll compacting and positive and negative twice heating vibration process; The Zn-Al melt of foamed aluminium particle surface is in contact with one another and forms the contact neck; The foamed aluminium particle voids is superimposed with each other and forms the pore channel that is interconnected in the surface tension effects of Zn-Al alloy melt, the Zn-Al alloy melt of aluminum deck surface and foamed aluminium particle surface also each other fusion be connected as a single entity, have the foamed aluminium sandwich layer of through-hole structure and the foam aluminium sandwich plate of aluminum deck thereby form.When the entity aluminum deck is changed to aluminium perforated board or aluminium waffle slab; Under the synergy of high temperature, pressure and vibration; The skeleton of the Zn-Al alloy melt of foamed aluminium particle surface and aluminium perforated board or aluminium waffle slab is partially fused, thereby forms whole foam aluminium sandwich plate with permeability.
In the present invention, under different temperatures, the spreadability of Zn-Al alloy melt is different with mobile performance, through the adjustment different temperatures, can obtain the Zn-Al alloy melt of different surfaces tension force, thereby forms the contact neck of different size size; Coefficient of draught has also influenced the degree of packing of foamed aluminium particle; Under the vibration effect, the foamed aluminium granule can further consolidationization, and the Zn-Al alloy melt that promotes particle surface simultaneously is in capillary effect and gravity effect current downflow, and then forms different pore structures.Therefore, temperature, coefficient of draught and vibration etc. all directly influence the through hole degree and the pore structure parameter (hole shape, average pore size and porosity etc.) of foamed aluminium sandwich layer.
The method needed raw material for preparing the foam aluminium sandwich plate that reaches according to the invention is a waste foam aluminium, compares with the processing method of existing waste foam aluminium, and directly with the waste material utilization, energy consumption is low, greatly reduces the manufacture of materials cost.According to the invention and the method for preparing the foam aluminium sandwich plate through pulverizing, heating, stirring, sprawl and process such as roll compacting, technology is simple.According to the invention and the foam aluminium sandwich plate, can control the material parameters such as through hole degree, porosity of foam aluminium sandwich plate easily through control panel type, powder specification, heating-up temperature, coefficient of draught and vibration parameters.The primary raw material of foam aluminium sandwich plate of the present invention is foamed aluminium and Zn-Al alloy, does not use any organic adhesive, and heat resisting temperature is not less than 350 ℃, does not emit pernicious gas during heating, and it is safe and reliable to be on active service.The preparation method of foam aluminium sandwich plate of the present invention not only can prepare the battenboard of the fine-crystal spume aluminium alloy sandwich layer of entity aluminum deck; Can also prepare and can be used for absorbing sound and the permeability foam aluminium sandwich plate of filtration etc., have lightweight, high-energy absorption, damping vibration attenuation; Sound absorption (sound insulation and noise elimination); Filter and multi-functional compatibility such as electromagnetic shielding, have the characteristics of high rigidity simultaneously, can be widely used in industrial circles such as building decoration, communications and transportation.
The specific embodiment
Below further specify the present invention through embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of method of utilizing the waste foam aluminum to be equipped with the foam aluminium sandwich plate; The waste foam aluminium block body of any size is removed greasy dirt, clean the particle that is ground into the 2mm size after drying, mix the Zn-Al alloy powder of 10% (mass percent); Wherein in the Zn-Al alloy; Zn is 83%, and Al is 17%, and the alloy powder average grain diameter is not more than 0.5mm; Length and width are respectively 500mm; 1000mm thickly is heated to 430 ℃ for keeping flat after the aluminium sheet A of 2mm and the aluminium sheet B clean dry, with Zn-Al solder swipe repeatedly aluminium sheet A and aluminium sheet B surface; After treating that solder spreads on aluminium sheet A and the aluminium sheet B, it is subsequent use to scrape off surperficial redundant brazing melt; Have the one side of solder melt upwards to lie in a horizontal plane in the mould bottom surface aluminium sheet A, be incubated 450 ℃ subsequent use; The waste foam alumina particles that mixes the Zn-Al alloy powder is heated to 450 ℃, and fully stir about 30min is poured on the foamed aluminium particle in the mould that is covered with aluminium sheet A rapidly, has one of solder melt to face down panel B again after paving and overlays on the foamed aluminium stratum granulosum; Rapidly mould is placed on the shake table, the complex of roll compacting stack, coefficient of draught is 1.2, simultaneously the Vibration on Start-up platform; Applying amplitude is 10 μ m, shakes frequently be the about 1min of vibration of 50Hz, and the complex that roll compacting is superposeed overturns, make panel B under lie in the mould; Be heated to 420 ℃, the 1.0MPa that keep-ups pressure, Vibration on Start-up platform once more; Applying amplitude is 10 μ m, shakes to be the about 1.5min of vibration of 50Hz frequently, and cutting trimming in cooling back promptly obtains foamed aluminium sandwich composite board.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of method of utilizing the waste foam aluminum to be equipped with the foam aluminium sandwich plate; The waste foam aluminium block body of any size is removed greasy dirt, clean the particle that is ground into the 6mm size after drying, mix the Zn-Al alloy powder of 15% (mass percent); Wherein in the Zn-Al alloy; Zn is 89%, and Al is 11%, and the alloy powder average grain diameter is not more than 0.5mm; Length and width are respectively 500mm, 1000mm, thick for the aluminium perforated board of 1mm keep flat be heated to 450 ℃ subsequent use; The waste foam alumina particles that mixes the Zn-Al alloy powder is heated to 470 ℃; Abundant stir about 30min; Rapidly the foamed aluminium particle is poured in the mould that is covered with the aluminium perforated board, again the aluminium perforated board of another same size is overlayed downwards on the foamed aluminium stratum granulosum after paving; Rapidly mould is placed on the shake table, the complex of roll compacting stack, coefficient of draught is 1.5, simultaneously the Vibration on Start-up platform; Applying amplitude is 20 μ m, shakes to be the about 1min of vibration of 100Hz frequently, with the complex upset of roll compacting stack; Be heated to 420 ℃, the 1.2MPa that keep-ups pressure, Vibration on Start-up platform once more; Applying amplitude is 20 μ m, shakes to be the about 1.5min of vibration of 100Hz frequently, and cutting trimming in cooling back promptly obtains the foamed aluminium sandwich composite board of permeability.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of method of utilizing the waste foam aluminum to be equipped with the foam aluminium sandwich plate; The waste foam aluminium block body of any size is removed greasy dirt, clean the particle that is ground into the 10mm size after drying, mix the Zn-Al alloy powder of 20% (mass percent); Wherein in the Zn-Al alloy; Zn is 87%, and Al is 13%, and the alloy powder average grain diameter is not more than 0.5mm; Length and width are respectively 500mm, 1000mm, thick for the aluminium waffle slab of 2mm keep flat be heated to 470 ℃ subsequent use; The waste foam alumina particles that mixes the Zn-Al alloy powder is heated to 480 ℃; Abundant stir about 30min; Rapidly the foamed aluminium particle is poured in the mould that is covered with aluminium waffle slab A, again the aluminium grid B plate of another same size is overlayed downwards on the foamed aluminium stratum granulosum after paving; Rapidly mould is placed on the shake table, the complex of roll compacting stack, coefficient of draught is 1.6, simultaneously the Vibration on Start-up platform; Applying amplitude is 15 μ m, shakes to be the about 1min of vibration of 200Hz frequently, with the complex upset of roll compacting stack; Be heated to 420 ℃, the 1.6MPa that keep-ups pressure, Vibration on Start-up platform once more; Applying amplitude is 20 μ m, shakes to be the about 1.5min of vibration of 300Hz frequently, and cutting trimming in cooling back promptly obtains the foamed aluminium sandwich composite board of permeability.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of method of utilizing the waste foam aluminum to be equipped with the foam aluminium sandwich plate; The waste foam aluminium block body of any size is removed greasy dirt, clean the particle that is ground into the 8mm size after drying, mix the Zn-Al alloy powder of 25% (mass percent); Wherein in the Zn-Al alloy; Zn is 91%, and Al is 9%, and the alloy powder average grain diameter is not more than 0.5mm; Length and width are respectively 500mm; 1000mm thickly is heated to 500 ℃ for keeping flat after the aluminium sheet A of 1mm and the aluminium sheet B clean dry, with Zn-Al solder swipe repeatedly aluminium sheet A and aluminium sheet B surface; After treating that solder spreads on aluminium sheet A and the aluminium sheet B, it is subsequent use to scrape off surperficial redundant brazing melt; Have the one side of solder melt upwards to lie in a horizontal plane in the mould bottom surface aluminium sheet A, be incubated 500 ℃ subsequent use; The waste foam alumina particles that mixes the Zn-Al alloy powder is heated to 500 ℃, and fully stir about 30min is poured on the foamed aluminium particle in the mould that is covered with aluminium sheet A rapidly, has one of solder melt to face down panel B again after paving and overlays on the foamed aluminium stratum granulosum; Rapidly mould is placed on the shake table, the complex of roll compacting stack, coefficient of draught is 2.2, simultaneously the Vibration on Start-up platform; Applying amplitude is 25 μ m, shakes frequently be the about 1min of vibration of 300Hz, and the complex that roll compacting is superposeed overturns, make panel B under lie in the mould; Be heated to 420 ℃, the 2.0MPa that keep-ups pressure, Vibration on Start-up platform once more; Applying amplitude is 20 μ m, shakes to be the about 1.5min of vibration of 200Hz frequently, and cutting trimming in cooling back promptly obtains foamed aluminium sandwich composite board.
Claims (3)
1. method of utilizing the waste foam aluminum to be equipped with the foam aluminium sandwich plate, concrete preparation process is following:
The first step: waste foam aluminium block body is removed greasy dirt; Clean oven dry, it is 2mm～10mm particle that the waste foam aluminium block body of clean drying is ground into particle diameter, with mixing the Zn-Al alloy powder that the particle diameter that accounts for mass percent 10%～30% is not more than 0.5mm in the said waste foam aluminium block body particle; Be heated to 450 ℃～500 ℃; Fully stir then, the Zn-Al alloy of fusing is evenly embrocated on the waste foam alumina particles, subsequent use; Wherein in the Zn-Al alloy, the mass percent of Zn is 81%～95%, and the Al mass percent is 5%～19%;
Second step: after aluminium sheet A and aluminium sheet B clean dry, be heated to 430 ℃～500 ℃, aluminium sheet A is kept flat be layered in the mould, subsequent use;
The 3rd step: the foamed aluminium particle that the surface is scribbled the Zn-Al alloy melt is laid in the mould of aluminium sheet A, aluminium sheet B is overlayed downwards on the said foamed aluminium stratum granulosum after paving again;
The 4th step: mould is placed on the shake table, the complex of roll compacting stack, coefficient of draught is 1.1～2.2, Vibration on Start-up platform then, applying amplitude is 10 μ m～25 μ m, shaking frequently is the vibration of 50～300Hz, treats to stop before mold temperature is reduced to 400 ℃ vibration;
The 5th step: with the complex upset of roll compacting stack; Make aluminium sheet B under lie in the mould, be heated to 420 ℃, 1.0MPa～2.0MPa keep-ups pressure; Vibration on Start-up platform once more; Applying amplitude is 10 μ m～25 μ m, and shaking frequently is the vibration of 50～300Hz, treats to stop before mold temperature is reduced to 400 ℃ vibration; Cutting trimming in cooling back promptly obtains the foam aluminium sandwich plate.
2. a kind of method of utilizing the waste foam aluminum to be equipped with the foam aluminium sandwich plate as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; Also comprise in said second step: aluminium sheet A and the aluminium sheet B surface of swiping repeatedly after Zn-Al alloy is dissolved; This moment, the Zn-Al alloy fusing was compelled to spread over the surface of aluminium sheet A and aluminium sheet B, scraped off the unnecessary Zn-Al alloy melt in aluminium sheet A and aluminium sheet B surface; Wherein in the Zn-Al alloy, the mass percent of Zn is 81%～95%, and the Al mass percent is 5%～19%.
3. according to claim 1 or claim 2 the waste foam aluminum that utilizes is equipped with the method for foam aluminium sandwich plate, it is characterized in that said aluminium sheet A and aluminium sheet B are aluminium entity panel, aluminium perforated board or aluminium waffle slab.
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106944623B (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2019-01-29 | 清华大学 | The preparation method of foam aluminium sandwich composite construction |
| CN108326044B (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2020-04-07 | 东北大学 | Method for preparing foamed aluminum sandwich plate by liquid-phase mixed rolling and cladding |
| CN109759596B (en) * | 2019-02-02 | 2021-01-08 | 中南大学 | Heterogeneous gradient composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN109877328B (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2021-01-26 | 太原理工大学 | Preparation method of nano iron particle reinforced magnesium-based composite material applied to electromagnetic shielding |
| CN110039849B (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2021-03-19 | 广东省材料与加工研究所 | Aluminum-based porous composite material sandwich structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN109926588B (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2020-09-11 | 北京科技大学 | Preparation method of carbon nano tube reinforced foamed aluminum-based composite material |
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Effective date of registration: 20210413 Address after: 211153 No.8 Jinxin East Road, Jiangjun Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province (Jiangning Development Zone) Patentee after: Nanjing guore Metal Materials Research Institute Co.,Ltd. Address before: 100083 No. 30, Haidian District, Beijing, Xueyuan Road Patentee before: University OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BEIJING |