CN102134991B - High-speed wireless duplex communication method and device for information between mud drilling well and ground - Google Patents
High-speed wireless duplex communication method and device for information between mud drilling well and ground Download PDFInfo
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- CN102134991B CN102134991B CN 201010103589 CN201010103589A CN102134991B CN 102134991 B CN102134991 B CN 102134991B CN 201010103589 CN201010103589 CN 201010103589 CN 201010103589 A CN201010103589 A CN 201010103589A CN 102134991 B CN102134991 B CN 102134991B
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-speed wireless duplex communication method and a device for information between a mud drilling well and the ground, wherein the method utilizes a wireless communication technology and a coding orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technology to modulate pressure, temperature and other information acquired by various sensors underground through the coding orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technology, utilizes a wireless bridge and an antenna to transmit microwave signals along a drilling tool, utilizes a repeater to amplify signals between the wireless bridge and the wireless bridge so that underground signals can be transmitted to a kelly bar antenna and the wireless bridge on the ground along the drilling tool, and finally recovers the underground signals through a COFDM demodulator. The signal transmission system is a bidirectional transmission system, has the advantages of high transmission data rate, extremely low error rate, high safety, low power consumption, strong real-time performance and the like, overcomes the main defects of unidirectional transmission, less transferable data, high error rate, low real-time performance, poor confidentiality and the like in the current mainstream technology mud pulse transmission method, and can meet the transmission requirement of the drilling system for increasing underground data requirements.
Description
Technical field
Patent of the present invention belongs to the oil-gas mining field, relates to that information, well logging information and measurement while drilling high speed information are transferred to ground based terminal in a kind of mud drilling well, wireless communications method and the device of Ground Control Information high-speed transfer in the well.
Technical background
Boring Well Completion Engineering of Oil Reservoirs is a hidden and complicated system engineering, can produce bulk information, and informationization then is to ensure to bore Well Completion Engineering of Oil Reservoirs safety, high-quality, necessary condition cheaply.Bore the completion information spinner and will comprise all kinds of drilling-log information and the measurement while drilling information that in recent years develops rapidly.The collection of these information can realize in drilling well overall merit and the Real-time Logging operation to drillng operation, simplified the drillng operation program, improved the drillng operation precision, saved the rig time, reduced cost, can detect formation variation in real time in order in time Drilling Design is given necessary adjustment, the to greatest extent area drilling well of most worthy in oil reservoir has improved the recovery ratio of oil gas.
According to a bite well construction be divided into as the stage bore before, bore in, bore after different phase, can be divided into three classes to drilling-log information: the first kind is to spud in and creep into front information, comprise earthquake, change and the information such as zone or adjacent area rock core; Equations of The Second Kind is the information when creeping into, and comprises well logging information, with brill information; The 3rd class is completion information.Type I information does not need to gather from well, and Equations of The Second Kind and the 3rd category information need to be transferred to ground from well.
For drilling information, well logging information and with boring communication, the method that adopts at present mainly contains mud-pulse transmission method, sonic transmissions method, electromagnetic transmission method, wire transmission method.Wherein, mud-pulse transmission method, sonic transmissions method, electromagnetic transmission method all are to belong to wireless transmission method.The mud-pulse transmission method is the on-the-spot mainstream technology of using in the present wireless transmission, its advantage is that drilling technology is not had special requirement and restriction, only use drilling liquid flow as power, very little on normal drillng operation impact, and reliable communications, the energy long-distance transmissions, but the transmitted data rates of drilling fluid pulse is lower, can not satisfy drillng operation to the transmission demand of down-hole information, simultaneously in gas and gas-liquid two phase fluid, the drilling fluid pulse transmission means can not be adopted, the real-time Transmission Measurement While Drilling Data can not be realized, and can only simplex, downlink command transmission difficulty becomes the bottleneck that further raising whole system control level and closed loop realize; The sonic transmissions method need to solve the noise problem of drilling environment; The electromagnetic transmission method has some superiority technically, but transfer rate is lower at present.
If in the wire transmission method, adopt cable or optical cable as transmission medium, the advantage of cable transmission mode is that transfer rate is high, but bi-directional information, but the transmission channel that its power supply and signal independently transmit is comparatively complicated, needs to consume a large amount of physical cables, and cost is higher, cable must possess the ability that works under high temperature, the high pressure simultaneously, and must prevent the cable bending to fracture, and breaking through the interference in the rotary drilling, development cost is higher; Use fiber optic cables very tiny, cost is low, but only short time use, the transmission range restriction is larger, and optical fiber easily wears away in drilling mud and is flushed away; If wire transmission adopts extraordinary drilling rod as transmission medium, its advantage is that transfer of data is fast, two-way communication is simple, shortcoming is to add the cable transmission in drilling rod, the cost of machining of special drilling rod is high, communications between every joint drilling rod and sealing all are technical barriers simultaneously, poor reliability is difficult to realize pass under the electric power.
In a word, the drilling information of present mud drilling, well logging information and remain in deficiency and weakness with boring the information transmission technology, can not satisfy and bore in the Well Completion Engineering of Oil Reservoirs big data quantity in the well and be transferred to ground and the surface instruction communication primary demand in the well, can not reach more that the communication system bit error rate is low, the high standard of data security.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of patent of the present invention is: for the deficiencies in the prior art, provide in a kind of mud drilling well and terrestrial information high-speed radio duplex communication method and device, this technology can not only realize the duplex communication of two-forty, big data quantity, and can greatly reduce the bit error rate of signal transmission, guarantee data encryption and safe transmission.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme of patent of the present invention is:
Comprise the steps: with terrestrial information high-speed radio duplex communication method in a kind of mud drilling well
Uplink communication for be transferred to ground from down-hole information comprises the steps:
When mud drilling, above drill bit, endure setting pressure sensor, temperature pick up, dust water content sensor, electronic compass, COFDM (COFDM) modem A, wireless bridge and antenna and corresponding battery power supply system in the short circuit without the magnetic brill; The analog signal that sensor is collected passes among the COFDM modulator A by the downhole instrument interface, in COFDM modulator A, be data signal through analog-digital converter with analog signal conversion at first, secondly to sent data signal cut apart successively, randomization, forward error correction, interweave, mapping, inverse Fourier transform (IFFT) process generating orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal, in ofdm signal, insert at last Cyclic Prefix and form baseband digital signal; And baseband digital signal sent into wireless bridge; Wireless bridge is coupled to above-mentioned data signal in the drilling tool with microwave mode by antenna; Be directed along drilling tool under the help of repeater, antenna through the microwave signal of above-mentioned steps coupling and be transferred to the ground kelly bar, received to ground-plane antenna and terrestrial wireless network bridge joint by the wireless network repeater forward signal in the kelly bar;
After the ground wireless bridge receives baseband digital signal, pass among the COFDM demodulator B; In COFDM demodulator B, carry out successively time domain equalization, synchronous correction, remove Time Guard Interval, FFT, frequency domain equalization, solution mapping, deinterleaving, RS decoding, separate randomization, thereby obtain signal in the well; At last signal in the well is transferred to computer, by computer signal is processed, determine subterranean well, completion situation.
Downlink communication for from the ground-based computer terminal to the down-hole comprises the steps:
Terrestrial information (as: control information etc.) passes to COFDM modulator B by terminal, terminal interface, behind COFDM modulator B, at first data signal is transmitted in the wireless network repeater and antenna in the kelly bar of ground through terrestrial wireless bridge and antenna, secondly is coupled in the drilling tool with microwave mode; Through the microwave signal of above-mentioned steps coupling, under the help that fills 1 wireless network repeater of crossing ball-and-seat and antenna every 500 to 1000 meter amperes, be directed along drilling tool and be transferred in the well that wireless bridge receives in the antenna and well;
After wireless bridge receives baseband digital signal in the well, pass among the COFDM demodulator A; In COFDM demodulator A, carry out successively time domain equalization, synchronous correction, remove Time Guard Interval, FFT, frequency domain equalization, solution mapping, deinterleaving, RS decoding, separate randomization, thereby obtain ground signal; At last ground signal is transferred to downhole instrument by the downhole instrument interface, is processed according to the ground signal instruction by downhole instrument.
Antenna is directional aerial in the described well, and ground-plane antenna is omnidirectional antenna, and the function that transmits and receives signal is all arranged, and adopts the time division duplex form to realize.The duration of a subframe is divided into some isometric uplink and downlink time slots, first time slot TS0 is defined as up time slot, second time slot TS1 is fixed as descending time slot, adopts the OFDM mode to organize the data that transmit in ascending time slot; Before time slot TS1, create the uplink synchronous symbol, in time slot TS1, insert the down-going synchronous unit that is used for user's access; Generate upstream and downstream conversion interval (UDG) after time slot TS0 and before the TS1, and according to needs up, downlink business, at time slot TS1 or any adjacent after the time slot thereafter, generate descending up conversion interval (DUG), to realize the conversion of downstream-to-upstream; Then, will make up by some subframes that above-mentioned steps obtains, obtain a frame signal.In the uplink synchronous symbol, adopt the OFDM mode; The duration of described subframe is made as 5ms, and a frame comprises 2 subframes, and duration is 10ms; Adopt cyclic prefix type during or the long loop prefix type identical with time slot TS0 in the uplink synchronous symbol; The position that the uplink synchronous symbol creates is: before time slot TS0, and after the time slot TS0, rear end in time slot TS0 Inner Front End, the time slot TS0; In described descending time slot, adopt OFDM mode or single carrier mode to organize the data that will transmit; The transmission data that described employing OFDM mode is organized comprise a plurality of OFDM symbols that are added with Cyclic Prefix, the Cyclic Prefix that adds before this symbol in each time slot equates, the length of Cyclic Prefix is adjusted according to the requirement of coverage by antenna, repeater in the wireless network in the time slot, and this Cyclic Prefix was longer when coverage was larger; When inserting described down-going synchronous unit, also be transferred to the quantity of down-hole information and duration and the frequency domain length that this down-going synchronous unit is determined in the position according to current ground based terminal; When the needs overlength distance covers, during delta frame also in time slot TS0 rear end or time slot TS1 front end insert null symbol, and this null symbol is positioned at after the uplink synchronous symbol; When time delay requires less than a setting value, also insert the flexible configuration symbol during delta frame at the end of some time slots, namely the symbol of original carrying data is available as conversion interval, the conversion interval at this place, time slot end and described upstream and downstream conversion interval and descending up conversion interval have consisted of the transfer point between a plurality of uplink and downlink jointly; Number of time slots in the described subframe is to be divided into 8～12.
Described wireless bridge and ground bridge are the double-frequency wireless bridge of 2.4GHz and 5.8GHz, and its operating frequency is determined according to the drilling tool internal diameter by computer.
1 wireless network repeater is installed in drilling tool at a certain distance, in microwave signature attenuation to can not effectively receive the time, by relay forwarding, the transmission of remaining valid.Single current valve block in drilling tool is the valve block that pottery or nylon are made.
Compare with present technology, have advantages of following with terrestrial information high-speed radio duplex communication method in a kind of mud drilling well of patent of the present invention:
1) this method and existing mainstream technology mud-pulse method are compared, owing to having used the COFDM modulation technique, message transmission rate improves greatly, can realize the real-time Communication for Power of big data quantity;
2) this method is used for reference wireless local area network technology, compares with the electromagnetic impulse signal transmission technology, and transmitting power has reduced nearly a hundred times, greatly reduces the device battery power consumption;
3) because control information can be passed to the down-hole from ground by system, so, can realize the Long-distance Control to underground equipment;
4) because system installs in the down-hole and has been connected a plurality of sensors, can gather the various information in the drilling completion, so, can realize information gathering in the well;
5) owing to adopting the coding techniques of COFDM modulation technique and high error correcting capability to realize bidirectional data communication at a high speed, so the communication bit error rate is extremely low, Real Time Monitoring down-hole situation has been played key effect;
6) owing to adopting the COFDM modulation technique, can be encrypted transmission information easily, guarantee the safety of information.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of device that the present invention adopts; As shown in Figure 1, comprise the ground based terminals such as the wireless network repeater at pressure sensor, temperature pick up, dust water content sensor, electronic compass and corresponding electric power system, downhole instrument interface, COFDM modulator A, COFDM demodulator A, wireless bridge, antenna, the wireless network repeater of crossing ball-and-seat and antenna, kelly bar place and antenna, ground-plane antenna, terrestrial wireless bridge, COFDM modulator B, COFDM demodulator B, ground based terminal interface, computer in a kind of mud drilling well with terrestrial information high-speed radio duplex communication method and device.After this system forms ofdm signal with underground signal through COFDM modulator A, by the wireless bridge in the underground wireless network, antenna, repeater underground signal is transferred to the terrestrial wireless network along drilling tool etc., the signal that the terrestrial wireless network bridge joint is received enters COFDM demodulator B; Through after the demodulation, down-hole information enters ground based terminal by the ground based terminal interface.
Fig. 2 is COFDM modulator structure schematic diagram; As shown in Figure 2, comprise analog-digital converter, cut apart randomization unit, forward error correction coding unit, interleave unit, map unit, frequency domain and form frame signal unit, IFFT unit, protection interval plug-in unit.
Fig. 3 is COFDM demodulator structure schematic diagram; As shown in Figure 3, comprise time domain equalization unit, synchronous correction unit, channel information acquisition device, protection interval delete cells, FFT unit, frequency-domain balancing unit, solution map unit, deinterleaving unit, RS decoding unit, solution randomization unit.
Fig. 4 is a kind of frame structure schematic diagram; This radio frames adopts 3-tier architecture: radio frames, subframe, time slot, with existing WCDMA and TDSCDMA systems compliant, frame length is 10ms, the subframe that again it is divided into 2 identical 5ms of structure, the part, uplink synchronous part, the down-going synchronous part that comprise transmit traffic data in each subframe, conversion interval between uplink and downlink and between downstream-to-upstream, still, the order of various piece, structure difference.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with specific embodiments and the drawings.
As shown in Figure 1, in a kind of mud drilling well with terrestrial information high-speed radio duplex communication system, at first, when mud drilling, above drill bit, endure sensor, electronic compass, COFDM (COFDM) modem A, wireless bridge and antenna and the corresponding battery power supply systems such as setting pressure sensor, temperature pick up, dust water content sensor in the short circuit without the magnetic brill.Secondly, utilize these sensors to gather various down-hole informations, as: pressure sensor testing well bottom pressure situation judges whether to exist pressure anomaly etc.; Mud temperature in the temperature pick up test drilling tool ring, if the down-hole has occured to fire, the mud temperature can sharply increase, and judges the degree that fires with this, and determines whether to take measures; Dust water content sensor formation testing water outlet situation; Electronic compass is measured well inclination angle, azimuth and tool face azimuth, and realization directional well track is measured in real time.Three, the analog signal that sensor is collected passes among the COFDM modulator A by the downhole instrument interface, in COFDM modulator A, be data signal through analog-digital converter with analog signal conversion at first, secondly to sent data signal cut apart successively, randomization, forward error correction, interweave, mapping, inverse Fourier transform (IFFT) process generating orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal, in ofdm signal, insert at last Cyclic Prefix and form baseband digital signal; And baseband digital signal sent into wireless bridge.Four, wireless bridge is coupled to above-mentioned data signal in the drilling tool with microwave mode by antenna; Be directed along drilling tool under the help of repeater, antenna through the microwave signal of above-mentioned steps coupling and be transferred to the ground kelly bar, received to ground-plane antenna and terrestrial wireless network bridge joint by the wireless network repeater forward signal in the kelly bar; In drilling tool, determined the distance of wireless network repeater and the antenna of ball-and-seat according to signal degrade condition, generally at 500m～1000m.Five, after the ground wireless bridge receives baseband digital signal, pass among the COFDM demodulator B; In COFDM demodulator B, carry out successively time domain equalization, synchronous correction, remove Time Guard Interval, FFT, frequency domain equalization, solution mapping, deinterleaving, RS decoding, separate randomization, thereby obtain signal in the well; At last signal in the well is transferred to computer, by computer the underground signal that receives is processed, understand subterranean well, completion situation, and this situation is judged, send control instruction.
After the ground control instruction produces, pass to COFDM modulator B by terminal, terminal interface, be data signal through analog-digital converter with analog signal conversion, secondly to sent data signal cut apart successively, randomization, forward error correction, interweave, mapping, inverse Fourier transform (IFFT) process generating orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal frame, in ofdm signal, insert at last Cyclic Prefix and form baseband digital signal; And baseband digital signal sent into the terrestrial wireless bridge.Through terrestrial wireless bridge and antenna data signal is transmitted in the wireless network repeater and antenna in the kelly bar of ground, secondly is coupled in the drilling tool with microwave mode; Through the microwave signal of above-mentioned steps coupling, (500 to 1000 meters) are installed under the help of 1 wireless network repeater of crossing ball-and-seat and antenna at a certain distance, are directed along drilling tool and are transferred in the well that wireless bridge receives in the antenna and well; After wireless bridge receives baseband digital signal in the well, pass among the COFDM demodulator A; In COFDM demodulator A, carry out successively time domain equalization, synchronous correction, remove Time Guard Interval, FFT, frequency domain equalization, solution mapping, deinterleaving, RS decoding, separate randomization, thereby obtain ground signal; At last ground signal is transferred to downhole instrument by the downhole instrument interface, is processed according to the ground signal instruction by downhole instrument.
Claims (4)
- In the mud drilling well with terrestrial information high-speed radio duplex communication method, it is characterized in that described method comprises the steps:Step 1: when mud drilling, above drill bit, endure setting pressure sensor, temperature pick up, dust water content sensor, electronic compass, COFDM modulator A, wireless bridge and antenna and corresponding battery power supply system in the short circuit without the magnetic brill;Step 2: the analog signal that sensor is collected passes among the COFDM modulator A by the downhole instrument interface, in COFDM modulator A, be data signal through analog-digital converter with analog signal conversion at first, secondly to sent data signal cut apart successively, randomization, forward error correction, interweave, mapping, inverse Fourier transform (IFFT) process and generate the ofdm signal frame, in ofdm signal, insert at last Cyclic Prefix and form baseband digital signal;Wherein said signal frame is the OFDM frame signal, the duration of a subframe is divided into some isometric uplink and downlink time slots, first time slot TS0 is defined as up time slot, second time slot TS1 is fixed as descending time slot, adopts the OFDM mode to organize the data that transmit in ascending time slot; Before time slot TS1, create the uplink synchronous symbol, in time slot TS1, insert the down-going synchronous unit that is used for user's access; After time slot TS0 and before the TS1, generate the upstream and downstream conversion interval, and according to needs up, downlink business, at time slot TS1 or any adjacent after the time slot thereafter, generate descending up conversion interval, to realize the conversion of downstream-to-upstream; Then, will make up by some subframes that above-mentioned steps obtains, obtain a frame signal;Adopt the OFDM mode in the above-mentioned uplink synchronous symbol; The duration of described subframe is made as 5ms, and a frame comprises 2 subframes, and duration is 10ms; Adopt cyclic prefix type during or the long loop prefix type identical with time slot TS0 in the uplink synchronous symbol; The position that the uplink synchronous symbol creates is: before time slot TS0, and after the time slot TS0, rear end in time slot TS0 Inner Front End, the time slot TS0; In described descending time slot, adopt OFDM mode or single carrier mode to organize the data that will transmit; The transmission data that described employing OFDM mode is organized comprise a plurality of OFDM symbols that are added with Cyclic Prefix, the Cyclic Prefix that adds before this symbol in each time slot equates, the length of Cyclic Prefix is adjusted according to the requirement of coverage by antenna, repeater in the wireless network in the time slot, and this Cyclic Prefix was longer when coverage was larger; When inserting described down-going synchronous unit, also be transferred to the quantity of down-hole information and duration and the frequency domain length that this down-going synchronous unit is determined in the position according to current ground based terminal; When the needs overlength distance covers, during delta frame also in time slot TS0 rear end or time slot TS1 front end insert null symbol, and this null symbol is positioned at after the uplink synchronous symbol; When time delay requires less than a setting value, also insert the flexible configuration symbol during delta frame at the end of some time slots, namely the symbol of original carrying data is available as conversion interval, the conversion interval at this place, time slot end and described upstream and downstream conversion interval and descending up conversion interval have consisted of the transfer point between a plurality of uplink and downlink jointly; Number of time slots in the described subframe is to be divided into 8～12;Step 3: and baseband digital signal sent into wireless bridge;Step 4: wireless bridge is coupled to above-mentioned baseband digital signal in the drilling tool with microwave mode by antenna; Be directed along drilling tool under the help of repeater, antenna through the microwave signal of above-mentioned steps coupling and be transferred to the ground kelly bar, received to ground-plane antenna and terrestrial wireless network bridge joint by the wireless network repeater forward signal in the kelly bar;Step 5: after the ground wireless bridge receives baseband digital signal, pass among the COFDM demodulator B; In COFDM demodulator B, carry out successively time domain equalization, synchronous correction, remove Time Guard Interval, FFT, frequency domain equalization, solution mapping, deinterleaving, RS decoding, separate randomization, thereby obtain signal in the well; At last signal in the well is transferred to computer, by computer signal is processed, determine subterranean well, completion situation;Step 6: according to subterranean well, completion situation, produce decision-making, form ground in the face of the command information of down-hole, this information exchange is crossed terminal, terminal interface passes to COFDM modulator B, behind COFDM modulator B, at first baseband digital signal is transmitted in the wireless network repeater and antenna in the kelly bar of ground through terrestrial wireless bridge and antenna, secondly is coupled in the drilling tool with microwave mode; Through the microwave signal of above-mentioned steps coupling, under the help of the wireless network repeater of crossing ball-and-seat every 1 of 500 to 1000 meter amperes dress and antenna, microwave signal is directed along drilling tool and is transferred in the well wireless bridge in the antenna and well;Step 7: after wireless bridge receives baseband digital signal in the well, pass among the COFDM demodulator A; In COFDM demodulator A, carry out successively time domain equalization, synchronous correction, remove Time Guard Interval, FFT, frequency domain equalization, solution mapping, deinterleaving, RS decoding, separate randomization, thereby obtain ground signal; At last ground signal is transferred to downhole instrument by the downhole instrument interface, is processed according to the ground signal instruction by downhole instrument.
- In a kind of mud drilling well according to claim 1 with terrestrial information high-speed radio duplex communication method, it is characterized in that: antenna is directional aerial in the described well, ground-plane antenna is omnidirectional antenna.
- In a kind of mud drilling well according to claim 1 with terrestrial information high-speed radio duplex communication method, it is characterized in that: described antenna all has the function that transmits and receives signal, adopts the time division duplex form to realize.
- In a kind of mud drilling well according to claim 1 with terrestrial information high-speed radio duplex communication method, it is characterized in that: wireless bridge and terrestrial wireless bridge are the double-frequency wireless bridge of 2.4GHz and 5.8GHz in the described well, and its operating frequency is determined according to the drilling tool internal diameter by computer; 1 wireless network repeater is installed in drilling tool at a certain distance, to can not effectively receive the time, is transmitted the transmission of remaining valid in microwave signature attenuation by repeater.
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| CN 201010103589 CN102134991B (en) | 2010-01-27 | 2010-01-27 | High-speed wireless duplex communication method and device for information between mud drilling well and ground |
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| CN 201010103589 CN102134991B (en) | 2010-01-27 | 2010-01-27 | High-speed wireless duplex communication method and device for information between mud drilling well and ground |
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| CN103089249B (en) * | 2013-01-09 | 2015-07-15 | 电子科技大学 | Signal wireless electromagnetism transmission system while drilling |
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| CN107395482A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-11-24 | 深圳市中创鑫和科技有限公司 | A kind of unidirectional bridge of COFDM and its IP data transferring methods |
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| CN112761625B (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-09-28 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Synchronization method of measurement while drilling system |
| CN112943217B (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2022-07-12 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司海南分公司 | Remote intelligent logging analysis method and system |
| CN113073973B (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-08-31 | 山东辛丁技术有限公司 | Oil well downhole data wireless transmission method |
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