CN102134686A - Low-alloy wheel steel for railway wagons and wheel preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-alloy wheel steel for railway wagons and wheel preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses low-alloy wheel steel for railway wagons, which is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.70-0.75% of C, 0.75-0.95% of Si, 0.75-0.90% of Mn, 0.15-0.25% of Ni, 0.25-0.35% of Cr, 0.015-0.030% of Als, P less than or equal to 0.010%, S less than or equal to 0.010% and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurity elements. The invention also discloses a method for preparing wheels by using the low-alloy wheel steel for railway wagons, comprising a heat treatment process, wherein the heat treatment process comprises the steps of: preserving the temperature of 830-850DEG C for 2.0-2.5h, spraying water to cool the rims to a temperature below 550DEG C, accelerating the cooling of the metals in the rims at a cooling speed of 2-5DEG C/s and tempering at a temperature of 500-520DEG C for 4.5-5.0h.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to railway wheel steel and heat treating method thereof, relate in particular to high rigidity, high strength, high-ductility railway freight-car low alloy steel wheel and preparation method thereof of axle weight 〉=35t, travelling speed≤100km/h.
Background technology
The Ministry of Railways has issued Mid-term and Long-term Plan of the Railway Network at the beginning of 2004, determined the developing goal of Development of Railway heavy duty shipping, at the 11th Five-Year end Freight Car Axle Load is brought up to 25t by 21t, China railways will stride into the threshold of shipping heavy duty when the time comes, estimate that shipping efficient can increase by more than 50,30t axle railway beforehand research in heavy year plan also proposes.
In fact, the tempo of China heavy duty shipping lags far behind American-European countries, and the american railway truckload is to improve about 10t in per 10 years, enter the nineties in last century after, the heavy 33t that reached of the standard bar of railway freight-car; Canada, Brazil and Australia have all adopted weigh high capacity waggon about 30t of axle in the heavy haul transport of its main line; Sweden's railway is brought up to 30t with Freight Car Axle Load by 25t; Russian in recent years railway is brought up to 27t with Freight Car Axle Load, and is stepping up to study the heavily loaded freight traffic technique that is applicable to that the 35t axle is heavy; Can predict in the near future, the heavy loading fortune of domestic 30t and even 35t axle will inevitably obtain fast development.
But, the development of shipping heavy duty will the requirement of challenging property to existing wheel material, this is because the working conditions of axle heavy increase inevitably can causing wheel worsens, the mechanical load that wheel is subjected to increases significantly, and physical abuse such as wearing and tearing, contact fatigue, rolling are wide will become the outstanding problem in the wheel use.
Existing at home truck wheel material is mainly the CL60 steel grade, in recent years, the CL60 Wheel Steel runs under the fully loaded transportation condition, successively expose a large amount of problems,, carry out the conventional CL60 wheel military service of existing iron mark TB2817-1997 and perform poor from the domestic line 25t of Qun Dynasty axle heavy cargo car application, wearing and tearing and rolling limit are serious, wear loss has sharply increased more than 1 times, and the life-span of wheel sharply shortens, and has directly influenced normal operation.
Raising intensity, hardness can improve the wear resisting property of heavy-duty wheel, but for carbon steel, the raising of intensity, hardness will certainly reduce plasticity and toughness, thereby reduce the germinating of cracking resistance line and the extended capability of material, cause the generation of failure phenomenons such as wheel fracture, influenced the usage safety performance of wheel.Therefore, if can not well coordinate strong, the hardness performance of wheel and mould, tough performance, will seriously restrict the development of domestic Heavy-Haul Railway transportation.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of railway freight-car low-alloy Wheel Steel and preparation method thereof.Wheel of the present invention has significantly improved intensity, hardness performance on the basis that keeps CL60 wheel toughness, plasticity, obtained more good comprehensive performances, thereby effectively strengthened the wear resisting property of wheel.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of railway freight-car low-alloy Wheel Steel, it is characterized in that, its chemical component weight per-cent is: C 0.70～0.75%, Si0.75～0.95%, Mn0.75～0.90%, Ni0.15～0.25%, Cr0.25～0.35%, Als0.015～0.030%, P≤0.010%, S≤0.010%, all the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities element.
The present invention also provides railway freight-car to prepare the method for wheel with the low-alloy Wheel Steel, comprise heat treatment step, it is characterized in that: described heat treatment step was: 830-850 ℃ of insulation 2.0-2.5 hour, then below the water spray cooling wheel rim to 550 ℃, the wheel rim interior metal is quickened cooling with the speed of cooling of 2 ℃/s～5 ℃/s, then at 500-520 ℃ of temper 4.5-5.0 hour.
Specify the content of technical solution of the present invention below:
Up to the present, both at home and abroad train wheel is the middle and high carbon carbon steel of ferrite-pearlite tissue with steel, thisly is organized in the firmness level when suitable, has best wear resistance, and therefore, wheel-use steel material of the present invention should have the ferrite-pearlite structural state.
Consider from the wear resistance aspect, C is to strong, hardness contribution maximum, raising along with carbon content, will obviously improve the intensity hardness number of wheel, improve the wear resisting property of wheel, but its too high levels will reduce the toughness and the plasticity of wheel, so the present invention is defined as the scope of C between the 0.70-0.75%.
To the Effect on Performance rule,, should implement combined microalloying from alloying element for obtaining high intensity hardness performance and the high tough performance of plasticity.Therefore, emphasis of the present invention designs the Si in the Wheel Steel, Mn, Cr, Ni, Als content.
By chemical ingredients and Ac
1, Ac
3The relation of point is seen, improves Si content and makes wheel be heated, be difficult for when cooling off austenite phase transformation, martensitic transformation take place, and help to improve wheel material heat resistanceheat resistant damage performance, but too high Si can increase the heat sensitivity and the fragility of material.Therefore the present invention is defined as the scope of Si between the 0.75-0.95%.
Mn is a strengthening element important among the present invention, can effectively improve the wheel strength hardness performance, thereby improve the wear resisting property of wheel, but too high Mn there is detrimentally affect to the comprehensive mechanical performance and the processing characteristics of wheel, so Mn content is controlled between 0.75～0.90%.
Cr is accessory solution strengthening element, can effectively improve workpiece strong hardness performance, thereby improve the wear resisting property of workpiece, but from the influence rule of Cr element to complete pearlite critical cooling rate, for making the ferrite-pearlite tissue be easy to obtain, Cr content should be controlled at 0.25-0.35%.
Ni can effectively improve the plasticity and toughness energy of wheel, thereby improves the germinating of cracking resistance line and the extended capability of wheel, so Ni content is controlled between the 0.15-0.25%.
Als can be by crystal grain thinning so that wheel obtains plasticity and toughness preferably, so Als content is controlled between the 0.015-0.030%.
P and S are impurity elements, are no more than 0.015% so its content should be controlled at.
In order to realize the goal of the invention identical with technique scheme, another problem to be solved by this invention has provided the method that adopts above-mentioned Wheel Steel to prepare wheel, comprise the converter steelmaking operation, LF stove refining procedure, VD vacuum-treat operation, the round billet continuous casting operation, cut the ingot rolling process, heat treatment step, processing, the finished product detection operation, it is characterized in that: described heat treatment step was: 830-850 ℃ of insulation 2.0-2.5 hour, then below the water spray cooling wheel rim to 550 ℃, the wheel rim interior metal is quickened cooling with the speed of cooling of 2 ℃/s～5 ℃/s, then at 500-520 ℃ of temper 4.5-5.0 hour.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has obtained following beneficial effect: the wheel of the present invention's preparation significantly increases intensity, hardness performance on the basis that keeps CL60 wheel toughness, plasticity, effectively improve the wear resisting property of wheel, thereby obtained more good comprehensive mechanical properties.The wheel that the present invention makes can continue the strong hardness level that keeps higher under high temperature (550-650 ℃) state, improved the stability that wheel uses.Simultaneously, the wheel that the present invention makes can keep the ferrite-pearlite structural state of original wheel, does not increase the difficulty of wheel preparation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 wheel rim metallographic structure of the present invention
The metallographic structure of Fig. 2 CL60 wheel rim
Fig. 3 embodiment and the section hardness performance contrast in 35mm place under the tread under the different tempering systems of CL60 steel wheel
Fig. 4 embodiment and CL60 steel wheel Comparative Examples wear hardness
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1-4 and embodiment 1-4 the present invention is described in detail.
The chemical component weight per-cent of the Wheel Steel among the embodiment 1-4 is as shown in table 1, embodiment 1-4 all adopts 120 tons of oxygen top and bottom combined blown converter smeltings direct continuous casting after LF+VD refining vacuum outgas to become the round base of φ 380mm, and forming diameter after cutting ingot, heating rolling, thermal treatment is the wheel of 840mm.
Embodiment 1:
With the molten steel of chemical ingredients such as table 1 embodiment 1 through converter steelmaking operation, LF stove refining procedure, VD vacuum-treat operation, round billet continuous casting operation, cut ingot rolling process, heat treatment step, processing, finished product detection operation and form.Described heat treatment step is: 845 ℃ of insulations 2 hours, and water spray cooling wheel rim to 500 ℃ then, the wheel rim interior metal is quickened cooling with the speed of cooling of 5 ℃/s, then 500 ℃ of temper 5 hours.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, the wheel rim metallographic structure of present embodiment preparation is consistent with the CL60 steel wheel, is nodular troostite+a little ferrite.Present embodiment wheel mechanical property is as shown in table 2, and its toughness and plasticity and CL60 steel wheel are basic identical, and intensity and hardness ratio CL60 steel wheel obviously improve.Wear hardness as shown in Figure 4, under identical abrasion revolution, the abrasion weight loss of wheel of the present invention obviously reduces than CL60 steel wheel.This shows that wheel that the present invention prepares and CL60 steel wheel toughness, plasticity keep peer-level, and intensity, hardness, wear resisting property obviously improve, thereby obtained more good comprehensive mechanical properties.
In the braking procedure, if wheel tread hardness significantly reduces because of being heated, can make wearing and tearing, tread roll over wide problem aggravation, for this reason, the wheel that present embodiment is made is 1000 high temperature tension tests of 35mm place sampling having carried out under tread, test-results is as shown in table 3, the wheel of present embodiment preparation under 1000 temperature intensity apparently higher than the CL60 steel wheel.35mm place section hardness test the results are shown in shown in Figure 3ly under the wheel tread under the different tempering systems, and the section hardness of wheel under different tempering temperature states that present embodiment prepares is all apparently higher than the CL60 steel wheel.This shows when being subjected to braking for a long time, and the wheel heat resistanceheat resistant damage performance that present embodiment is made is higher than the CL60 steel wheel, can continue the wear resisting property that keeps higher, has improved the stability that wheel uses.
Embodiment 2:
Just the molten steel of chemical ingredients such as table 1 embodiment 2 through converter steelmaking operation, LF stove refining procedure, VD vacuum-treat operation, round billet continuous casting operation, cut ingot rolling process, heat treatment step, processing, finished product detection operation and form.Described heat treatment step is: 835 ℃ of heat treated 2.5 hours, and water spray cooling wheel rim to 515 ℃ then, the wheel rim interior metal is quickened cooling with the speed of cooling of 3.5 ℃/s, again 515 ℃ of temper 4.8 hours.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, the wheel rim metallographic structure of present embodiment preparation is consistent with the CL60 steel wheel, is nodular troostite+a little ferrite.Present embodiment wheel mechanical property is as shown in table 2, and its toughness and plasticity and CL60 steel wheel are basic identical, and intensity and hardness ratio CL60 steel wheel obviously improve.Wear hardness as shown in Figure 4, under identical abrasion revolution, the abrasion weight loss of wheel of the present invention obviously reduces than CL60 steel wheel.This shows that wheel that the present invention prepares and CL60 steel wheel toughness, plasticity keep peer-level, and intensity, hardness, wear resisting property obviously improve, thereby obtained more good comprehensive mechanical properties.
In the braking procedure, if wheel tread hardness significantly reduces because of being heated, can make wearing and tearing, tread roll over wide problem aggravation, for this reason, the wheel that present embodiment is made is 1000 high temperature tension tests of 35mm place sampling having carried out under tread, test-results is as shown in table 3, the wheel of present embodiment preparation under 1000 temperature intensity apparently higher than the CL60 steel wheel.35mm place section hardness test the results are shown in shown in Figure 3ly under the wheel tread under the different tempering systems, and the section hardness of wheel under different tempering temperature states that present embodiment prepares is all apparently higher than the CL60 steel wheel.This shows when being subjected to braking for a long time, and the wheel heat resistanceheat resistant damage performance that present embodiment is made is higher than the CL60 steel wheel, can continue the wear resisting property that keeps higher, has improved the stability that wheel uses.
Embodiment 3:
With the molten steel of chemical ingredients such as table 1 embodiment 3 through converter steelmaking operation, LF stove refining procedure, VD vacuum-treat operation, round billet continuous casting operation, cut ingot rolling process, heat treatment step, processing, finished product detection operation and form.Described heat treatment step is: 850 ℃ of heat treated 2 hours, and water spray cooling wheel rim to 510 ℃ then, the wheel rim interior metal is quickened cooling with the speed of cooling of 4.5 ℃/s, again 510 ℃ of temper 4.6 hours.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, the wheel rim metallographic structure of present embodiment preparation is consistent with the CL60 steel wheel, is nodular troostite+a little ferrite.Present embodiment wheel mechanical property is as shown in table 2, and its toughness and plasticity and CL60 steel wheel are basic identical, and intensity and hardness ratio CL60 steel wheel obviously improve.Wear hardness as shown in Figure 4, under identical abrasion revolution, the abrasion weight loss of wheel of the present invention obviously reduces than CL60 steel wheel.This shows that wheel that the present invention prepares and CL60 steel wheel toughness, plasticity keep peer-level, and intensity, hardness, wear resisting property obviously improve, thereby obtained more good comprehensive mechanical properties.
In the braking procedure, if wheel tread hardness significantly reduces because of being heated, can make wearing and tearing, tread roll over wide problem aggravation, for this reason, the wheel that present embodiment is made is 1000 high temperature tension tests of 35mm place sampling having carried out under tread, test-results is as shown in table 3, the wheel of present embodiment preparation under 1000 temperature intensity apparently higher than the CL60 steel wheel.35mm place section hardness test the results are shown in shown in Figure 3ly under the wheel tread under the different tempering systems, and the section hardness of wheel under different tempering temperature states that present embodiment prepares is all apparently higher than the CL60 steel wheel.This shows when being subjected to braking for a long time, and the wheel heat resistanceheat resistant damage performance that present embodiment is made is higher than the CL60 steel wheel, can continue the wear resisting property that keeps higher, has improved the stability that wheel uses.
Embodiment 4:
With the molten steel of chemical ingredients such as table 1 embodiment 4 through converter steelmaking operation, LF stove refining procedure, VD vacuum-treat operation, round billet continuous casting operation, cut ingot rolling process, heat treatment step, processing, finished product detection operation and form.Described heat treatment step is: 830 ℃ of heat treated 2.5 hours, and water spray cooling wheel rim to 520 ℃, the wheel rim interior metal is quickened cooling with the speed of cooling of 2 ℃/s, again 520 ℃ of temper 4.5 hours.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, the wheel rim metallographic structure of present embodiment preparation is consistent with the CL60 steel wheel, is nodular troostite+a little ferrite.Present embodiment wheel mechanical property is as shown in table 2, and its toughness and plasticity and CL60 steel wheel are basic identical, and intensity and hardness ratio CL60 steel wheel obviously improve.Wear hardness as shown in Figure 4, under identical abrasion revolution, the abrasion weight loss of wheel of the present invention obviously reduces than CL60 steel wheel.This shows that wheel that the present invention prepares and CL60 steel wheel toughness, plasticity keep peer-level, and intensity, hardness, wear resisting property obviously improve, thereby obtained more good comprehensive mechanical properties.
In the braking procedure, if wheel tread hardness significantly reduces because of being heated, can make wearing and tearing, tread roll over wide problem aggravation, for this reason, the wheel that present embodiment is made is 1000 high temperature tension tests of 35mm place sampling having carried out under tread, test-results is as shown in table 3, the wheel of present embodiment preparation under 1000 temperature intensity apparently higher than the CL60 steel wheel.35mm place section hardness test the results are shown in shown in Figure 3ly under the wheel tread under the different tempering systems, and the section hardness of wheel under different tempering temperature states that present embodiment prepares is all apparently higher than the CL60 steel wheel.This shows when being subjected to braking for a long time, and the wheel heat resistanceheat resistant damage performance that present embodiment is made is higher than the CL60 steel wheel, can continue the wear resisting property that keeps higher, has improved the stability that wheel uses.
The alloying constituent (weight percent %) of the train wheel that table 1 embodiment 1-4 and conventional CL60 steel are adopted
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Als | |
| Embodiment 1 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.006 | 0.009 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.030 |
| Embodiment 2 | 0.73 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.007 | 0.008 | 0.28 | 0.20 | 0.024 |
| Embodiment 3 | 0.72 | 0.89 | 0.85 | 0.008 | 0.010 | 0.32 | 0.18 | 0.018 |
| Embodiment 4 | 0.70 | 0.95 | 0.90 | 0.009 | 0.006 | 0.35 | 0.15 | 0.015 |
| The CL60 steel | 0.63 | 0.28 | 0.76 | 0.015 | 0.012 | 0.21 | 0.002 | 0.003 |
The wheel normal temperature mechanical property that table 2 embodiment 1-4 and conventional CL60 steel are made
1000 wheel rim tensile properties of wheel that table 3 embodiment 1-4 and conventional CL60 steel are made
Claims (5)
1. railway freight-car low-alloy Wheel Steel, it is characterized in that, its chemical component weight per-cent is: C 0.70～0.75%, Si0.75～0.95%, Mn0.75～0.90%, Ni0.15～0.25%, Cr0.25～0.35%, Als0.015～0.030%, P≤0.010%, S≤0.010%, all the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities element.
2. railway freight-car low-alloy Wheel Steel as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, its chemical component weight per-cent is: C 0.73～0.75%, Si0.75～0.80%, Mn0.75～0.80%, Ni0.20～25%, Cr0.25～0.28%, Als0.024～0.030%, P≤0.010%, S≤0.010%, all the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities element.
3. railway freight-car low-alloy Wheel Steel as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, its chemical component weight per-cent is: C 0.73%, Si0.80%, Mn0.80%, Ni0.20%, Cr 0.28%, Als0.024%, P≤0.010%, S≤0.010%, all the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities element.
One kind according to claim 1 railway freight-car prepare the method for wheel with the low-alloy Wheel Steel, comprise heat treatment step, it is characterized in that: described heat treatment step was: 830-850 ℃ of insulation 2.0-2.5 hour, then below the water spray cooling wheel rim to 550 ℃, the wheel rim interior metal is quickened cooling with the speed of cooling of 2 ℃/s～5 ℃/s, then at 500-520 ℃ of temper 4.5-5.0 hour.
5. the method for preparing wheel as railway freight-car as described in the claim 4 with the low-alloy Wheel Steel, it is characterized in that: described heat treatment step was: 835-845 ℃ of insulation 2.0-2.5 hour, water spray cooling wheel rim is to 500-515 ℃ then, the wheel rim interior metal is quickened cooling with the speed of cooling of 3.5 ℃/s～5 ℃/s, then at 500-520 ℃ of temper 4.8-5.0 hour.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102649986A (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2012-08-29 | 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司 | Production method for high-silicon chromium-containing coil rods |
| CN103255283A (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2013-08-21 | 贵州大学 | Thermal treatment process for improving tread tissue and mechanical property of CL60 steel wheel |
| CN103469091A (en) * | 2013-08-22 | 2013-12-25 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | Large size rolled steel integral wheel used for railway vehicle and production method thereof |
| CN103741047A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2014-04-23 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | Medium-carbon steel wheel steel having improved fracture toughness and used for railway locomotive and preparation method of wheel |
| CN110904311A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-03-24 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | Anti-out-of-roundness wheel steel, wheel and preparation method of wheel |
| CN114058965A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-02-18 | 宝武集团马钢轨交材料科技有限公司 | High-contact fatigue resistance microalloyed steel wheel and production method thereof |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102649986A (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2012-08-29 | 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司 | Production method for high-silicon chromium-containing coil rods |
| CN103255283A (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2013-08-21 | 贵州大学 | Thermal treatment process for improving tread tissue and mechanical property of CL60 steel wheel |
| CN103469091A (en) * | 2013-08-22 | 2013-12-25 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | Large size rolled steel integral wheel used for railway vehicle and production method thereof |
| CN103469091B (en) * | 2013-08-22 | 2016-08-10 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | A kind of large-size railway vehicle is with rolling over steel solid wheel and production method thereof |
| CN103741047A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2014-04-23 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | Medium-carbon steel wheel steel having improved fracture toughness and used for railway locomotive and preparation method of wheel |
| CN110904311A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-03-24 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | Anti-out-of-roundness wheel steel, wheel and preparation method of wheel |
| CN114058965A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-02-18 | 宝武集团马钢轨交材料科技有限公司 | High-contact fatigue resistance microalloyed steel wheel and production method thereof |
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| CP02 | Change in the address of a patent holder | ||
| CP02 | Change in the address of a patent holder |
Address after: 243003 intellectual property department, technology center, No. 8 Hunan West Road, Yushan, Ma'anshan, Anhui Patentee after: Ma'anshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. Address before: 243003 intellectual property department, technology center, No. 8 Hunan West Road, Ma'anshan, Anhui Patentee before: Ma'anshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. |
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| CP02 | Change in the address of a patent holder | ||
| CP02 | Change in the address of a patent holder |
Address after: 243003 8 Jiuhua Road, Yushan, Ma'anshan, Anhui Patentee after: Ma'anshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. Address before: 243003 intellectual property department, technology center, No. 8 Hunan West Road, Yushan, Ma'anshan, Anhui Patentee before: Ma'anshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. |